• During Central Nervous System ontogenesis, myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs) arise from highly ramified and proliferative precursors called oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). (nature.com)
  • Myelinating OLs originate from parenchymal precursors expressing the neuron-glia antigen 2 (NG2) chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan and the platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα), commonly referred to as oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) 4 . (nature.com)
  • Vascularization or vasculogenesis is defined as the differentiation of epithelial progenitor cells (EPCs) into mature epithelial cells to enable the formation of new blood vessels. (naturalnews.com)
  • However, transplanting other than hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is still limited to a few applications, and it mainly applies to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from bone marrow. (hindawi.com)
  • At the same time, by asymmetric cell division or after specific activation, stem cells must be able to generate more mature progenitor cells or differentiated effector cells (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
  • They display differentiation capacities and therefore qualify as multipotent progenitor cells (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
  • Figure 3) or PSA-NCAM are markers frequently used for intermediate progenitor cells and early immature neurons (PMID: 29625071). (sanbio.nl)
  • Use of progenitor cell lines can eliminate the need to culture challenging human ES cells. (ddw-online.com)
  • Progenitor cells are similar to embryonic stem cells in their capacity to differentiate into various cell types. (ddw-online.com)
  • However, progenitor cells can only differentiate into a limited number of cell types. (ddw-online.com)
  • Progenitor cells can be far easier to handle in culture than ES cells. (ddw-online.com)
  • For example, neural progenitor cells derived from a human ES cell line are easily propagated and require less handling than human ES cells. (ddw-online.com)
  • Conclusions: The data support the long-term therapeutic potential of ESC-derived human striatal progenitor grafts for the replacement of degenerated striatal neurons in HD and suggest that EE can effectively accelerate the maturation and promote the integration of human striatal cells. (lu.se)
  • The retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) of retinal organoids expressed CD184, consistent with its expression in the neuroblastic layer in fetal retina. (caltech.edu)
  • Journal Article] Isolation of Bipotential Liver Progenitor Cells from Neonatal Mouse Liver. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Journal Article] Hepatocytic parental progenitor cells of rat small hepatocytes maintain a self-renewal capability after long-term culture. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Journal Article] Transplantation of Thy1+ cells accelerates liver regeneration by enhancing the growth of small hepatocyte-like progenitor cells via IL17RB signaling. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Human CD34 + hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells purified from umbilical cord or adult peripheral blood were cultured in a two-phase liquid culture system in a serum-free medium for 21 days. (haematologica.org)
  • 1983) and the multipotent progenitor cells from fetal disease (Bjorklund and Lindvall, 2000). (lu.se)
  • We examine this hypothesis through functional and molecular analysis of individual blood cells captured from self-renewal cultures, during cytokine-driven differentiation and from primary stem and progenitor bone marrow compartments. (lu.se)
  • Firstly, we present a robust 2-week protocol for the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into forebrain neural progenitor cells. (lu.se)
  • The focus of my research is to understand cell fate specification in the developing brain and in human neural progenitor cells, using cell-based models of neuronal differentiation. (lu.se)
  • Although MSC EVs show great promise for regenerative medicine applications, insights into their uptake mechanisms by different target cells and the ability to control MSC EV properties for defined function in vivo have remained elusive knowledge gaps. (frontiersin.org)
  • Second, altering the MSC state by inducing differentiation into multiple lineages did not affect the exosomal properties or endocytosis but triggered the expression of lineage-specific genes and proteins in vitro and in vivo respectively. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our results unveil a novel player in the complex regulation of OPC biology, on the one hand showing that JNK1 ablation cell-autonomously determines alterations of OPC proliferation and branching architecture and, on the other hand, suggesting that JNK1 signaling in OLs participates in myelination in vivo. (nature.com)
  • We also establish that, similar to in vivo events, hESC differentiation into trophoblast is characterized by a p63+/KRT7+ CTB stem cell state, followed by formation of functional KLF4+ STB and HLA-G+ EVT. (ca.gov)
  • Taken together, our results establish that BMP4-treated hESCs are an excellent model of human trophoblast differentiation, closely mimicking the in vivo progression from p63+ CTB stem cells to terminally differentiated trophoblast subtypes. (ca.gov)
  • Based on these results, the researchers concluded that epimedin C effectively promotes vascularization both in the BMP2-dependent bone formation model and in the 4T1 mammary tumor-bearing model by inducing the endothelial-like differentiation of C3H/10T1/2 in vivo. (naturalnews.com)
  • MSCs were also investigated for stem cell qualities in vivo. (hindawi.com)
  • In this study we asked if MSC are developing in an aberrant or unwanted way during ex vivo long-term cultivation and if artificial cultivation conditions exert any influence on their stem cell maintenance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We monitored these cells during their expansion ex vivo with respect to proliferation kinetics, surface marker profile and differentiation potential. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MDSC that lack CAT2 have reduced capacity to suppress T cell responses both ex vivo and in vivo, as evidenced by increased T cell expansion in prostatitis and decreased tumor growth in cancer models. (purdue.edu)
  • Strikingly, upon the removal of self-renewing cues Sox2-low nPSCs differentiate into both embryonic and extraembryonic cell fates in vitro and in vivo. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The differentiation, proliferation, prognosis, and safety of MSCs for in vivo therapy remain controversial. (molvis.org)
  • The extent of lactogenic differentiation of HC11 cells in vitro is limited compared to mammary epithelium undergoing secretory differentiation in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Downregulation of AP-2 transcription factor genes is not required for lactogenic differentiation of HC11 cells but may functionally be involved in aspects of lactogenic differentiation in vivo that are not reflected by the HC11 system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We first optimized a serum-free, miniature erythroid differentiation system starting from primary human CD34 cells, the exact type of cells we would ultimately like to target in vivo ( Figure 1 ). (haematologica.org)
  • Since my work in the U.S was cell culture based I am now engaging in broiler trials to determine if our results were representative of satellite cell activity in vivo in commercial birds. (poultryhub.org)
  • DTHHS) has developed and coordinated a mixtures program that includes trend analysis to identify the mixtures most often found in environmental media, in vivo and in vitro toxicological testing of mixtures, quantitative modeling of joint action, and methodological development for assessment of joint toxicity. (cdc.gov)
  • In vitro differentiation of small intestinal epithelium that nausea, vomiting, and watery diarrhea within 12-24 hours approaches physiologic functionality of the in vivo host of exposure and typically remain symptomatic for 1-2 may allow for the development of a pathogenesis model days ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Cell Culture Infectivity Assay for Norovirus cally resemble in vivo tissues and organs ( 25 ). (cdc.gov)
  • We also develop technologies for direct conversion of human fibroblasts into functional and subtype-specific neurons in vitro, and the conversion of endogenous glia into neurons in vivo. (lu.se)
  • Myelin alterations are accompanied by higher OPC density and proliferation during the first weeks of life, consistent with a transient alteration of mechanisms regulating OPC self-renewal and differentiation. (nature.com)
  • They are able to differentiate into any cell of an organism and have the ability of self-renewal. (articlecity.com)
  • Stem cells are defined by their capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation, making them uniquely situated to treat a broad spectrum of human diseases. (articlecity.com)
  • To qualify as stem cells, self-renewal has to be shown as well [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Overview on self-renewal or differentiation of stem cells in their respective stem cell niche. (hindawi.com)
  • Neural stem cells (NSCs) are undifferentiated neural cells with the capacity for long-term self-renewal and for differentiation into all types of neuronal and glial cells. (sanbio.nl)
  • Despite growing experience and knowledge concerning human MSC and their use in cell-based strategies, the molecular mechanisms that govern MSC self-renewal, expansion and multilineage differentiation are not well understood and remain an active area of investigation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in orchestrating self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells has been revealed in a number of recent studies. (muni.cz)
  • In some cases, "master" genes have been described which control differentiation versus self-renewal. (justia.com)
  • Stem cells (SCs) are undifferentiated cells with self-renewal ability and capacity to differentiate into specialized cell types. (bvsalud.org)
  • We show dissociation between self-renewal potential and transcriptome-wide activation of lineage programs, and instead suggest that multipotent cells experience independent activation of individual regulators resulting in a low probability of transition to the committed state. (lu.se)
  • What are neural stem cells (NSCs), neural progenitors, and neural precursors (NPCs)? (sanbio.nl)
  • Neural progenitors are precursor cells able to further differentiate into various neuronal and glial cells. (sanbio.nl)
  • This protocol describes a detailed procedure for resuspending and culturing human stem cell derived neurons that were previously differentiated from neural progenitors in vitro for multiple weeks. (jove.com)
  • The differential expression timing of CD184 and CD171 permits identification and enrichment of RGCs from retinal organoids at differing maturation states from committed progenitors to differentiating neurons. (caltech.edu)
  • Journal Article] Identification and In Vitro Expansion of Adult Hepatocyte Progenitors from Chronically Injured Livers. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Gene expression at these histones regulated by epigenetic modifications is critical in restricting the embryonic stem cell to desired cell lineages and developing cellular memory. (wikipedia.org)
  • C3H/10T1/2 is a clonal mouse embryo line used in the developmental determination of vertebrate stem cell lineages and their subsequent differentiation. (naturalnews.com)
  • C3H/10T1/2 cells can be induced to differentiate into multiple stem cell lineages. (naturalnews.com)
  • In addition, they do not require feeder layers and can differentiate into many neural lineages under the appropriate conditions (1). (ddw-online.com)
  • Sox2-low nPSCs do not show impaired neuroectoderm specification and differentiate efficiently in vitro into all embryonic germ lineages. (cam.ac.uk)
  • I would like to further dissect the aging process in multiple cell lineages using an inducible model system of Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome, a premature aging disorder. (sloankettering.edu)
  • The process of differentiation in stem cells involves selective development of immature cells to committed and fully mature cells of various lineages. (justia.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. (frontiersin.org)
  • Human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs) are multipotent somatic stem cells that can be isolated from a variety of tissues such as the bone marrow, adipose tissue, and dental pulp. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have great potential as cell sources for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. (go.jp)
  • Characterization of embryonic stem cell-differentiated fibroblasts as mesenchymal stem cells with robust expansion capacity and attenuated innate immunity. (usm.edu)
  • We found that myocilin is expressed in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and affects their differentiation into osteoblasts. (nih.gov)
  • Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) with the capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts provide potential for the development of novel treatment strategies, such as improved healing of large bone defects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In recent years mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have generated a great deal of interest as a potential source for cell-based therapeutic strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We designed a study to find theoretical evidence for the induction, movement, fusion, proliferation, and safety of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) in intraocular application. (molvis.org)
  • Therefore, in this study, we assessed the ability of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) to express the characteristics of ECs after induction in vitro to evaluate the theoretical feasibility of maintaining or restoring the function of ECs after intraocular application. (molvis.org)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells up-regulate the invasive potential of prostate cancer cells via the eotaxin-3/CCR3 axis. (cancerindex.org)
  • This study aimed to clarify the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a component of the cancer microenvironment. (cancerindex.org)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are ASCs, and were first described in 1966 by Friedenstein et al. (bvsalud.org)
  • Induced pluripotent stem cells, which harness the power of genetic reprogramming - basically, the altering of a cell's DNA - to change the course of cellular development. (articlecity.com)
  • Immunofluorescent staining of PAX6 ( 12323-1-AP , 1:250 dilution) with 4% PFA fixed control human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived NPCs. (sanbio.nl)
  • NPCs can be differentiated from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) but also from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) (PMID: 11731782). (sanbio.nl)
  • To address these questions, particularly in a human-relevant system, we have focused upon the use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to assess their ability to give rise to RGCs, with a particular emphasis upon ipRGC differentiation. (indianactsi.org)
  • This protocol facilitates the use of human pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons for high content screening applications. (jove.com)
  • Human pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons are increasingly relevant in the areas of basic research, drug development, and degenerative medicine. (jove.com)
  • Induced pluripotency provides a tool to explore mechanisms underlying establishment, maintenance, and differentiation of naive pluripotent stem cells (nPSCs). (cam.ac.uk)
  • And while in human pluripotent stem cells, miRNAs have been directly linked to the core pluripotency network, including the cell cycle regulation and the maintenance of the self-renewing capacity, their role in the onset of differentiation in other contexts, such as determination of neural cell fate, remains poorly described. (muni.cz)
  • Our data also indicates that miRNA clusters enriched in NSCs share the target-determining seed sequence with cell cycle regulatory miRNAs expressed in pluripotent hESCs. (muni.cz)
  • Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the embryo and are pluripotent, thus possessing the capability of developing into any organ, cell type or tissue type. (justia.com)
  • Whilst differentiation of some lineage specific stem cells can be induced with a degree of certainty, a differentiation outcome of a population of pluripotent stem cells is less predictable. (justia.com)
  • Researchers are investigating several approaches, such as enzymatic treatments of RBCs, the generation of RBCs from human induced pluripotent stem cells, and the development of artificial oxygen carriers, all with the goal of advancing universal blood. (cap.org)
  • Cells undergo a major epigenome reconfiguration when reprogrammed to human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPS cells). (bvsalud.org)
  • 3 Embrionic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst and form all cell types, derived from the three germ layers, and are therefore pluripotent. (bvsalud.org)
  • No evidence of tumour formation was observed in the transplanted animals, a major concern when utilising a pluripotent cell source. (lu.se)
  • In addition to human iPSCs, it can be used to replate culture of primary neurons or to resuspend them for fact sorting or single cell sequencing. (jove.com)
  • Start by gently rinsing the plate of differentiated neurons with PBS. (jove.com)
  • Cell replacement using human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) derivatives may offer new therapeutic opportunities to replace degenerated neurons and repair damaged circuits. (lu.se)
  • CRT aims to replace neurons that have degenerated in PD, with donor cells that have the potential to functionally re-integrate into the host circuitry. (lu.se)
  • This involves transplantation of developing midbrain cells from aborted fetuses, (the part that form mesDA neurons), into the striatum of a PD patient. (lu.se)
  • A potentially pre-clinical aspect of this thesis is detailed in paper №4 where I describe a robust protocol for the generation of functional mesDA neurons from human embryonic stem cells that are functional in a rat model of PD. (lu.se)
  • Our current focus is to learn how to direct and efficiently drive controlled differentiation of human stem cells into subtype-specific neurons. (lu.se)
  • Scaffolds play an important role in tissue engineering as a substrate that can mimic the native extracellular matrix and the properties of scaffolds have been shown to affect the cell behavior such as the cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. (wjgnet.com)
  • Human bmMSCs were described in the late nineties as well [ 6 ] and at the same time a breakthrough study investigated the expression of typical cell surface markers and the proliferation and differentiation properties of human MSCs in more detail [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Broadly, skeletal muscle development results from proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts that fuse to form multinucleated myotubes. (poultryhub.org)
  • Post-hatch muscle hypertrophy, the subject of Dean's work, occurs through the proliferation and differentiation of myogenic satellite cells into muscle myofibres, which then fuse with existing muscle myofibres to increase their size. (poultryhub.org)
  • We show that single epithelial stem cells in vitro can give rise to differentiated organoids containing ciliated and secretory cells. (nature.com)
  • Here we demonstrate the existence of adult stem cells in the human fallopian tube epithelium, which gives rise to a monolayer of differentiated epithelial cells in a complex 3D organoid in vitro . (nature.com)
  • Ki-67-positive cells were distributed along the epithelial folds, without restriction to a particular region with occasional clustering ( Fig. 1a , asterisk). (nature.com)
  • Figure 1: Single fallopian epithelial cells give rise to organoids that can be maintained long term. (nature.com)
  • Similarly, the transplantation of other tissue-specific stem cells, such as stem cells isolated from epithelial and neural tissues, can treat mouse disease models and human patients in which epithelial and neural cells are damaged. (articlecity.com)
  • Secretory epithelial cells display lactogenic differentiation which is characterized by the expression of milk protein genes, such as beta-casein or whey acidic protein (WAP). (biomedcentral.com)
  • To explore whether the downregulation of AP-2alpha and AP-2gamma is of functional significance for lactogenic differentiation, we analyzed the expression of the AP-2 family members during the lactogenic differentiation of HC11 mammary epithelial cells in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The lactogenic differentiation of the secretory epithelial cells is characterized by the synthesis of lactose and milk fat and by the expression of milk protein genes, such as beta-casein or whey acidic protein (WAP). (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is highly expressed in eosinophils and basophils, and is also detected in TH1 and TH2 cells, as well as in airway epithelial cells. (cancerindex.org)
  • Studies of viral attachment to cells on porous collagen-I coated microcarrier beads under cultured gastrointestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) using conditions of physiological fluid shear in rotating wall ves- recombinant virus-like particles or infectious noroviruses sel bioreactors. (cdc.gov)
  • Many existing tissue-engineering approaches focus on delivery of selected proteins (growth factors, transcription factors etc.) or nucleic acids to host or implanted stem cells to achieve lineage specific differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
  • We have previously shown that p63, a member of the p53 family of nuclear proteins, is expressed in proliferative cytotrophoblast (CTB), precursors to terminally differentiated syncytiotrophoblast (STB) in chorionic villi and extravillous trophoblast (EVT) at the implantation site. (ca.gov)
  • Use of feeder layers requires two cell types to be maintained in parallel and introduces mouse proteins into the culture system. (ddw-online.com)
  • Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
  • These proteins play important roles in cell division, cell differentiation, and the self-destruction of cells (apoptosis). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cell proteins were analysed with 2-dimensional electrophoresis and differentially expressed proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. (who.int)
  • These antigens may be cell surface proteins or may be intracellular proteins (eg, TAAs) that are expressed on the surface in combination with class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The resulting differentiated populations were analysed for transcript expression of a range of multi-lineage markers i e neuronal, myogenic, exocrine and endocrine pancreas, extra-embryonic and apoptotic markers. (dcu.ie)
  • Applying 2-stage regulated differentiation protocols developedduring the course of the study, we demonstrated the derivation of an intermediate multi-potential population (RAJEBs) from undifferentiated ES cells that preferentially gave rise to pancreatic endocrine insulin-expressing cell types in the presence of SB and neuronal-like cell types in the presence of AA or BTC. (dcu.ie)
  • Shane Grealish: Cell Replacement Therapy for Parkinson's Disease: The Importance of Neuronal Subtype, Cell Source and Connectivity for Functional Recovery. (lu.se)
  • The aim of this thesis was to understand how particular factors such as neuronal content, placement and cell source, affect functional outcome after transplantation into the rodent brain. (lu.se)
  • Through understanding functional recovery in terms of neuronal subtype and connectivity, the work presented in this thesis aims to bring the prospect of CRT closer to the clinic, I also describe the generation of a very promising alternative cell source that could rival fetal tissue. (lu.se)
  • Using this knowledge, we have determined that human embryonic stem cells, when treated with the chemical BMP4, undergo this 'cytotrophoblast stem cell state' before becoming fully functional placental cells. (ca.gov)
  • Finally, we illustrate that downregulation of p63 by shRNA inhibits differentiation of hESCs into functional trophoblast. (ca.gov)
  • My project will highlight how differentiating iPSCs into functional ipRGCs will allow for more accurate ophthalmological disease modeling in vitro. (indianactsi.org)
  • Microarray analysis of MSC during osteogenic differentiation identified three candidate genes for further examination and functional analysis: ID4, CRYAB, and SORT1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using murine models of prostatitis and cancer, we identified two novel pathways, p38 and p53 signaling, that are involved in MDSC functional activity and differentiation capacity, respectively. (purdue.edu)
  • Further studies are needed to elucidate the functional role of carboxypeptidase M during monocytic differentiation and activation. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • The receptor for CD19 is an important functional regulator of normal and malignant B cell proliferation, and is expressed in all B cell precursor leukemias. (thermofisher.com)
  • Stem cells are undifferentiated cells which can give rise to a succession of mature functional cells. (justia.com)
  • Previous studies have shown that human adipose stem cells (hASCs) are able to differentiate towards AF phenotype when treated with suitable growth factors. (utwente.nl)
  • qRT-PCR confirmed the similarity of the differentiated hASCs with AF phenotype. (utwente.nl)
  • Several markers for AF phenotype (aggrecan, collagen type I and glypican-3) were expressed in both hAFCs and differentiated hASCs. (utwente.nl)
  • This is the first study that demonstrated that hASCs can be differentiated towards AF phenotype using serum free chondrogenic medium without growth factors. (utwente.nl)
  • For mammalian cells, the maintenance of cytosine methylation is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases and any disruption to these methyltransferases will cause a lethal phenotype to the embryo. (wikipedia.org)
  • This loss in the glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) phenotype correlates with changes in morphology, increased proliferation and increased alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, suggesting that the loss of GSIS may be due to de-differentiation of the high passage MIN6 cells. (dcu.ie)
  • EE selectively increased cell differentiation into MSN phenotype and promoted host-to-graft connectivity. (lu.se)
  • Leukemia phenotype studies have demonstrated that the earliest and broadest B cell restricted antigen is the CD19 antigen. (thermofisher.com)
  • Currently, differentiation protocols generate cells with an immature phenotype. (sloankettering.edu)
  • In order to promote the adult phenotype, stress-inducing agents have been employed in vitro in an attempt to mimic aging. (sloankettering.edu)
  • Toquet et al investigated the phenotype of the lesional inflammatory cell infiltrate in patients with eosinophilic fasciitis and demonstrated a predominance of macrophages, CD8 + lymphocytes, and few eosinophils. (medscape.com)
  • In their previous study, the researchers found that epimedin C could induce endothelial-like (but not osteogenic) differentiation of C3H/10T1/2 cells in vitro. (naturalnews.com)
  • Various preventive measures required to treat femoral head necrosis include revascularization, adequate supply of osteogenic cells and establishing enough strength to avoid collapse. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Although, a list of contributing factors such as sickle cell anaemia, use of steroids, femoral neck fractures are involved in the loss of osteogenic cells via obstructing blood supply especially in the greater trochanteric region[ 1 , 2 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • The results showed that MSC did not alter their osteogenic differentiation capacity, surface marker profile, and the expression profiles of MSC during expansion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally we analyzed the gene expression profiles of MSC during osteogenic differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The two monoclonal antibodies MAX.1 and MAX.11 recognize cell surface antigens that are almost undetectable on monocytes but highly expressed on differentiated macrophages. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • Expression of carboxypeptidase M on mRNA level and enzymatic activity markedly increase during in vitro differentiation of monocytes, according to the described increase in MAX.1 and MAX.11 antigen expression. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • Methods: Monocytes were differentiated into immature (i) DCs by cytokines with or without MMF. (eur.nl)
  • Results: The presence of MMF during the differentiation of monocytes into iDCs resulted in cells that retained low levels of CD14 and hardly expressed CD1a. (eur.nl)
  • It is a group of optic neuropathies characterized by the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), leading to a specific deformation of the optic nerve head. (nih.gov)
  • Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are a subset of retinal ganglion cells that respond to light independently from rod and cone photoreceptor input. (indianactsi.org)
  • Retinal ganglion cells can be purified and matured in vitro to generate models for optic neuropathies. (indianactsi.org)
  • Histones modifications in chromatin were analyzed at various time intervals (along a 6-day period) following the initiation of in vitro embryonic stem cell differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • These results indicate a decrease in the level of active euchromatin epigenetic marks upon initiation of embryonic stem cell differentiation which is then followed immediately by reprogramming of the epigenome. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] As the embryonic stem cell undergoes differentiation the markers for active euchromatin (histone acetylation and H3K4 methylation) are decreased after the removal of LIF showing that the cell is indeed becoming more differentiated. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among these is the isolation of the first line of murine stem cells [ 5 , 6 ] in 1981, followed by establishment of the first human embryonic stem cell lines by Thompson [ 7 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • To characterize RGCs in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) derived retinal organoids we examined RGC markers and surface antigen expression and made comparisons to human fetal retina. (caltech.edu)
  • Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous population of immature cells that expand during benign and cancer-associated inflammation. (purdue.edu)
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) orchestrate inflammatory immune response in the airways, but little is known about how organic dust affects differentiation and maturation of monocyte-derived immature and mature DCs (iDCs, mDCs). (cdc.gov)
  • The mammalian epigenome undergoes global remodeling during early stem cell development that requires commitment of cells to be restricted to the desired lineage. (wikipedia.org)
  • There has been multiple evidence suggesting that the maintenance of the lineage commitment of stem cells is controlled by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulation of ATP-dependent remolding of chromatin structure. (wikipedia.org)
  • NPCs can additionally be obtained by direct reprogramming of somatic cells from different cell lineage (PMID: 22445518). (sanbio.nl)
  • Identifying the right cocktail of media conditions, supplements and growth factors that successfully drive stem cells toward a desired lineage on a reproducible basis is a time-consuming, iterative exercise. (ddw-online.com)
  • CD19 appears to be expressed on myeloid leukemia cells, particularly those of monocytic lineage. (thermofisher.com)
  • How the molecular programs of differentiated cells develop as cells transit from multipotency through lineage commitment remains unexplored. (lu.se)
  • Analyses of in vitro self-renewing multipotent systems have revealed cellular heterogeneity with individual cells transiently exhibiting distinct biases for lineage commitment 1-6 . (lu.se)
  • In haematopoiesis, population-based studies have indicated that lineage choice is governed by global transcriptional noise, with self-renewing multipotent cells reversibly activating transcriptome-wide lineage-affiliated programs 7 . (lu.se)
  • These observations will facilitate molecular characterization of PSC-derived RGCs during differentiation, critical knowledge for establishing the veracity of these in vitro produced cells. (caltech.edu)
  • Characterization and validation of the small scale erythroid differentiation system used for small molecule screen. (haematologica.org)
  • Correct development of the musculoskeletal system relies on intricate signaling pathways and gene regulation that facilitate cell differentiation. (confex.com)
  • Additionally, we were able to reconstruct the three developmental phases during osteoblast differentiation: proliferation, matrix maturation, and mineralization, and illustrate the activation of the SMAD signaling pathways by TGF-β2 and BMPs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nonetheless, when cells rely on anaerobic glycolysis, like cancer cells and certain innate immune cells upon activation, other metabolic pathways sustain succinate levels, including glutamine-dependent anerplerosis to α-ketoglutarate, and eventually citrate by reductive carboxylation. (haematologica.org)
  • It has been shown that the nutritional status of the animal can cause satellite cells to follow alternative pathways of differentiation, leading to intramuscular fat deposition and breast muscle fibre necrosis (Velleman et al. (poultryhub.org)
  • However, the molecular pathways that lead to specification and terminal differentiation of specific cell types, such as myocytes, from embryonic stem cells during development are not entirely clear. (justia.com)
  • The use of ASCs in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering research has important advantages in comparison with ESCs, since there are no ethical complications and the process of differentiation of these cells is better controlled. (bvsalud.org)
  • Stem cell homeostasis is maintained through epigenetic mechanisms that are highly dynamic in regulating the chromatin structure as well as specific gene transcription programs. (wikipedia.org)
  • however, the molecular mechanisms of renewal and differentiation remain obscure in many cases, including the fallopian tube, a central organ of human reproduction. (nature.com)
  • His current research projects utilize mouse embryonic stem cells as a model system to investigate the molecular mechanisms that control stem cell differentiation and the development of innate immunity. (usm.edu)
  • By immunostaining for cell type specific markers, I have documented the different stages of retinal differentiation and provided insight into the mechanisms of ipRGC differentiation. (indianactsi.org)
  • This simplified approach towards understanding the essence of the mechanisms, underlying the processes determining life and death of a cell has undoubtedly provided scientists with enormous amount of knowledge. (intechopen.com)
  • Recent evidence obtained in mouse models shows its essential role regulating blood cell function through various mechanisms that include pseudohypoxia responses by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α activation, post-translational modifications like succinylation, and communication mediated by succinate receptor 1. (haematologica.org)
  • The mechanisms by which specific ATP2A2 mutations impact the function of the ATP2A2 protein have been investigated using an in vitro model. (medscape.com)
  • We show that human and chimpanzee cells differentiate in a similar man¬ner and that the difference in interspecies protein abundance is higher than transcript-level differences, suggesting that post-transcriptional mechanisms play a role in the difference between human and chim¬panzee brain development. (lu.se)
  • They are less effective than T-cell-mediated cytotoxic mechanisms. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The murine embryonic stem (ES) cell line, ES-D3 was used in this project as a model for (a) investigating controversial aspects of current protocols used for the derivation of (3 cell types from ES cells and (b) investigating the potential to regulate the differentiation of ES cells into endodermal derivatives 1 e 0-1 ike cells, using extra-cellular factors previously associated with various aspects of pancreatic development. (dcu.ie)
  • Placing the cells under conditions which induce specific cell types has been one form of an attempt to regulate the differentiation outcome. (justia.com)
  • The main aim of this research project was to regenerate AF tissue in vitro using hASCs and serum free chondrogenic medium without supplementation of growth factors. (utwente.nl)
  • Changes in the differentiation potential of MSCs after in vitro expansion were noted and chondrogenic clones especially disappeared early on [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Moreover, in vitro differentiated macrophages show the highest specific activity yet described in any tissue. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • Macrophages can kill specific tumor cells when activated by a combination of factors, including lymphokines (soluble factors produced by T cells) and interferon. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Under certain circumstances, macrophages may present TAAs to T cells and stimulate tumor-specific immune response. (msdmanuals.com)
  • IFN-gamma activates tissue macrophages and T cells. (medscape.com)
  • examined the effects of epigenetic modifications on the chromatin structure and the modulation of these epigenetic markers during stem cell differentiation through in vitro differentiation of murine embryonic stem (ES) cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our data reveal a significant overlap between Notch-dependent genes in the fallopian epithelium and the defined 'stem cell signature' of the mouse intestine, suggesting the existence of a conserved pathway that regulates tissue renewal and directly controls cell fate specification and differentiation in the organoid by inhibiting cilliogenesis. (nature.com)
  • Finally, the researchers reported that the mRNA levels of endothelial markers - namely, the platelet endothelial adhesive factor-1 (CD31), the endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1), and the vascular von Willebrand factor (vWF) in mouse 4T1 mammary tumor tissue - significantly increased after epimedin C treatment. (naturalnews.com)
  • With this raw material, biomedical firms can create stem cell lines that, among other things, aid recuperation via the regeneration of tissue that has been lost or damaged. (articlecity.com)
  • Current research is focused on growing a wide range of new tissue from stem cells, including muscle, blood, brain, and cartilage cells. (articlecity.com)
  • Adult stem cells, which are present in small amounts in adult tissue but less adaptable than embryonic stem cells, making their use in medical treatments more challenging. (articlecity.com)
  • They have many of the positive characteristics of embryonic stem cells while sourcing material is far less challenging, since postpartum tissue can be used. (articlecity.com)
  • Stem cells have attracted much interest in tissue engineering as a cell source due to their ability to proliferate in an undifferentiated state for prolonged time and capability of differentiating to different cell types after induction. (wjgnet.com)
  • A subset of NSCs is present in the developed nervous system and acts as a reservoir of cells for cell replacement and nervous tissue regeneration (PMID: 20110496). (sanbio.nl)
  • Nobel Prize winner Alexis Carrel performed numerous experiments clearly showing that tissue explants, including connective tissue and heart tissue, could be cultured in vitro preserving their characteristics for prolonged periods of time [ 2 ] supporting the notion that entire organs could be cultured in vitro. (intechopen.com)
  • One great advantage of MSC is that these cells may be directly obtained from individual patients, thereby eliminating the complications associated with immune rejection of allogenic tissue and infectious diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Given that the survival of mice was remarkably decreased, hepatocyte de-differentiation could be correlated with the protection of liver tissue. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Due to the ability to self-renew and to differentiate into cells that are found throughout the body, there is a great interest in using stem cells for the regeneration of injured tissues as well as to develop tissue-engineered implants and bio-hybrid organs, in order to restore tissue function. (bvsalud.org)
  • In explant method, the dental tissue is placed on a plastic surface and the cells migrate out from the tissue fragment adhering to culture flasks or dishes ( Figure 1 ). (bvsalud.org)
  • Use of human fetal tissue raises several ethical issues, but are there alternative cell sources that can substitute effectively? (lu.se)
  • Taken together, the findings of these studies suggest a mechanistic framework marked by a proinflammatory and fibrogenic cytokine response with resultant tissue inflammatory cell infiltration. (medscape.com)
  • Fibroblasts from lesional tissue of patients with eosinophilic fasciitis produce excess collagen in vitro and display elevated TGF-beta and type 1 collagen mRNA levels when examined via in situ hybridization with specific cDNA. (medscape.com)
  • 4 ] in 1951 cell culturing has become one of the most widely used methods with exceptional contribution to the advances in almost all fields of contemporary biology - cell biology, genetics, cell biochemistry, physiology etc. (intechopen.com)
  • The present invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells. (justia.com)
  • In particular, the invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of embryonic stem cells into muscle cells or vascular endothelial cells. (justia.com)
  • The invention also includes cells, cell lines, testing models and culture systems used in the methods of the present invention and differentiated cells produced therefrom. (justia.com)
  • The present invention also provides methods of using the differentiated cells of the present invention for therapeutic purposes. (justia.com)
  • The induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation in stem cells is especially useful in developing therapeutic methods and products for heart disease and abnormal heart conditions. (justia.com)
  • Therefore there remains a need for providing effective methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells into specific cell types, such as myocytes or endothelial cells. (justia.com)
  • Such progress provides us now with new opportunities to consider alternative approaches to sensitization testing, including the design of in vitro test methods. (cdc.gov)
  • Described here are some of the general requirements of in vitro test methods for skin sensitization, and progress that has been made in developing suitable approaches with particular emphasis on the utility of dendritic cell culture systems. (cdc.gov)
  • 1999), there has been little investment or progress in based solely on in vitro methods. (cdc.gov)
  • To circumvent these obstacles, we have developed two methods for the investigation of human neural cells in culture. (lu.se)
  • This is an important step in placental biology, because it provides a reproducible cell culture model for the study of human placental development and disease. (ca.gov)
  • Attenuated Innate Immunity in Embryonic Stem Cells and Its Implications in Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine. (usm.edu)
  • Further study will be required in the future to better understand succinate biology in blood cells. (haematologica.org)
  • My group works with translational stem cell biology. (lu.se)
  • This regulation of chromatin through epigenetic modifications is a molecular mechanism that determines whether the cell continues to differentiate into the desired fate. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Molecular Basis for the Lack of Inflammatory Responses in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells and Their Differentiated Cells. (usm.edu)
  • NPCs are distinct from differentiated cells of the nervous system at the molecular level. (sanbio.nl)
  • At the single-cell level self-renewing Sox2-low nPSCs exhibit a naive molecular signature. (cam.ac.uk)
  • 3 Today, serologic and molecular techniques, along with laboratory information systems and electronic health records, contribute to precise blood product management and personalized transfusion therapies, particularly benefiting complex patients with sickle cell disease, thalassemia, and other diseases requiring chronic transfusion support. (cap.org)
  • Nowadays, experts agree that MSCs may generate upon appropriate stimulation quite different mature cells including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, tenocytes, adipocytes, smooth muscle cells, and stromal cells of the bone marrow [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • To address this question we first developed human oligonucleotide microarrays with 30.000 elements and then performed large-scale expression profiling of long-term expanded MSC and MSC during differentiation into osteoblasts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The aim of this study was three-fold, firstly to identify new regulators of tendon development and to analyze their expression in Meox2 mutants, secondly, to analyze the intrinsic regulation of myogenic differentiation by Meox2 transcription factor, and thirdly to establish an in vitro assay to analyze tendon fibroblast-myoblast interactions. (confex.com)
  • These experiments demonstrated that expression of any of the Meox variants strongly inhibited myogenic differentiation, as measured by the fusion index. (confex.com)
  • The immediate post-hatch period is the time of maximal myogenic satellite cell activity, therefore optimizing growth conditions during this period is of great importance. (poultryhub.org)
  • We observed a very significant decline in satellite cell activity as our restrictions became more stringent, which was reflected in their reduced myogenic marker gene expression. (poultryhub.org)
  • We show that oMAP4 is expressed upon muscle cell differentiation and is the only MAP4 isoform essential for normal progression of the myogenic differentiation programme. (elifesciences.org)
  • Organic dust exposure alters monocyte-derived dendritic cell differentiation and maturation. (cdc.gov)
  • Dust exposure alters monocyte differentiation to iDCs and prevents maturation of iDC to mDCs. (cdc.gov)
  • Upon maturation, these MMF-iDCs upregulated CD83 and costimulatory molecules and HLA-DR on their surface, indicating that these cells respond to LPS, albeit less than control iDCs. (eur.nl)
  • Induction of p53 signaling elevated the differentiation of the bone marrow MDSC into granulocytic cell types. (purdue.edu)
  • After induction, hADSCs expressed von Willebrand Factor (vWF), the cell marker of ECs. (molvis.org)
  • For induction of differentiation, cells were grown to confluency and then kept in medium without EGF for 48 hours to induce competence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The induction of a specific differentiated cell type can be useful for transplantation or drug screening and drug discovery in vitro. (justia.com)
  • In particular, the induction of stem cells to differentiate into muscle cells (myocytes) is useful for muscle transplantation and therapeutic purposes, as well as providing potential human disease models in culture (e.g. for testing pharmaceuticals). (justia.com)
  • Despite the activity of effector cells, host immunoreactivity may fail to control tumor occurrence and growth. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Natural killer (NK) cells are another population of effector cells with anti-cancer activity. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In the tissues, the end effector cell of fibrosis is the fibroblast. (medscape.com)
  • Here, we show that BMP4-treated hESCs differentiate into bona fide CTB by direct comparison with primary human placental tissues and isolated CTB through gene expression profiling. (ca.gov)
  • To investigate this hypothesis further, gene expression differences between low passage and high passage MIN6 cells were investigated by microarray and real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis. (dcu.ie)
  • This was likely due to the fact that we used transiently transfected cells, and so we started selection of stably transfected cells to isolate clones, which show permanent, and strong gene expression to carry out future experiments. (confex.com)
  • This identified IOX1, a pan-histone demethylase inhibitor, which selectively downregulates α-globin expression without perturbing erythroid differentiation or general gene expression, more specifically β-like globin expression. (haematologica.org)
  • During differentiation the expression of stem cell specific genes and markers are often lost and cells acquire gene expression profiles of somatic cells or their precursors. (justia.com)
  • Using an isogenic system, we demonstrate that TNT reprogramming can correct the transposable element overexpression and differential gene expression seen in conventional hiPS cells, and that TNT-reprogrammed hiPS and hES cells show similar differentiation efficiencies. (bvsalud.org)
  • In vitro MMF selectively induced type 2 cytokine production by primed Th lymphocytes, whereas type 1 cytokine production by and profileration of T lymphocytes were unaffected. (eur.nl)
  • In any case, the respective cell types may then be selectively cultured to enrich their percentage population to eventually obtain a single cell type and culture. (justia.com)
  • Overall, the results presented in this study show a common mechanism of endocytosis for MSC EVs across different cell types and the feasibility to generate functionally enhanced EVs by modifications to parental MSCs. (frontiersin.org)
  • Recently, MSCs isolated from bone marrow (bmMSCs) were shown to be a blend of distinct cells and MSCs isolated from different tissues show besides some common features also some significant differences. (hindawi.com)
  • We therefore briefly discuss differences found in subsets of human bmMSCs and in MSCs isolated from some other sources and touch upon how this could be utilized for cell-based therapies. (hindawi.com)
  • The MSCs have been described for the first time as colony forming fibroblasts (CFU-F), a rare population of cells residing in the bone marrow of guinea-pigs or mice [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Overview of studies published regarding MSCs using the term "stem cell" or "stromal cell" in the last 20 years accessed by a web search in July 2015 (Google Scholar). (hindawi.com)
  • It seems that the term "stem cell" became more popular although the "stemness" was only shown in a more strict sense for MSCs involved in osteogenesis and bone repair. (hindawi.com)
  • When the biological properties of MSCs were explored in more detail, questions arose whether these cells met the criterion of a true stem cell [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Expansion of MSCs was shown to be limited to a few passages of in vitro culture and the cells underwent replicative senescence [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, available in vitro protocols for expansion of MSCs do not yield true stem cells. (hindawi.com)
  • We investigated the homing-related chemokine expression levels of MSCs treated with a prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) -conditioned medium. (cancerindex.org)
  • In a matrigel invasion assay, interferon-gamma, a specific inhibitor of eotaxin-related homing, significantly reduced the transmigration of PC-3 cells, under co-cultured condition with MSCs, in a dose-dependent manner (P (cancerindex.org)
  • Embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewing and differentiating to the desired fate depending on their position in the body. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since there is also an increase throughout the six-day period in H3K9me, a marker for active heterochromatin, once differentiation occurs it is concluded that the formation of heterochromatin occurs as the cell is differentiated into its desired fate making the cell inactive to prevent further differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • This differs from previous studies which only identified conditions that allowed cells to differentiate to one fate or the other. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The comprehensive miRNA profiling presented here reveals novel sets of miRNAs differentially expressed during human neural cell fate determination in vitro. (muni.cz)
  • The tendon fibroblasts we attempted to isolate are from Scleraxis-GFP transgenic mice, so all tendon cells are GFP positive. (confex.com)
  • In general, the pathophysiology underlying eosinophilic fasciitis is postulated to involve an inflammatory response resulting in an activated inflammatory cell infiltrate of affected tissues and subsequent dysregulation of extracellular matrix production by lesional fibroblasts. (medscape.com)
  • 1 The accumulation of free excess α-globin chains in red blood cells and their precursors, as a result of the decreased production of β-globin, is believed to be the main pathophysiological mechanism leading to hemolytic anemia and ineffective erythropoiesis in β-thalassemia. (haematologica.org)
  • Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), the most common clinical primary immunodeficiency in adults, is a disorder that involves the following: (1) low levels of most or all of the immunoglobulin (Ig) classes, (2) a lack of B lymphocytes or plasma cells that are capable of producing antibodies, and (3) frequent bacterial infections. (medscape.com)
  • Lymphocytes proliferate and differentiate in response to various concentrations of different antigens. (thermofisher.com)
  • Objectives: As dendritic cells (DCs) present in these skin lesions play a key role in the activation of Th lymphocytes, we investigated the effects of MMF on monocyte-derived DC differentiation. (eur.nl)
  • For this purpose we measured cytokine production by these LPS-stimulated cells (MMF-DCs) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays as well as their ability to activate naive Th lymphocytes. (eur.nl)
  • The production of IL-4 and IL-10 by naive Th lymphocytes cocultured with MMF-DCs did not differ from that by T cells cocultured with control DCs. (eur.nl)
  • Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognize antigens on target cells and lyse these cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Oppositely, expression of mutated myocilin sensitizes cells to apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. (nih.gov)
  • In a different study, in which researchers systematically analyzed mutations identical to those found in patients with Darier disease, mutant SERCA2 protein aggregates were found to cause stress to the endoplasmic reticulum, subsequently inducing cell apoptosis. (medscape.com)
  • [ 5 ] IL-5 is known to activate mature eosinophils and to stimulate eosinophil chemotaxis, growth, and differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • Cells were grown in a directed, stepwise manner following established protocols. (indianactsi.org)
  • Differentiation of HC11 cells was induced following established protocols by applying the lactogenic hormones prolactin, dexamethasone and insulin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conclusions: MMF inhibited the monocyte-derived DC differentiation resulting in cells that cannot be appropriately matured to DCs. (eur.nl)
  • The remarkable potential of stem cells to generate several hundred differentiated cell types is driving their use for regenerative medicine and for supporting the traditional drug discovery and development process (Figure 1). (ddw-online.com)
  • These cells contain stacks of structures called sarcomeres that enable the cells to contract and generate the force required for movement. (elifesciences.org)
  • Since the researchers already knew that vasculogenesis plays a pivotal role in bone formation, they used a bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)-induced ectopic bone formation model and mice 4T1 breast cancer cells co-implanted with luciferase-labeled C3H/10T1/2 cells (4T1 + C3H/10T1/2-Luc) model for their study. (naturalnews.com)
  • For example, because hematopoietic stem cells can reconstitute the entire blood system, bone marrow transplantation has long been used in the clinic to treat various diseases. (articlecity.com)
  • Today, more than 50 years after the first successful bone marrow transplantation, clinical application of hematopoietic stem cells is a routine procedure, saving the lives of many every day. (hindawi.com)
  • Tumor site monocytic-MDSC lacked the ability to differentiate into other cells types such as osteoclasts and granulocytic-MDSC, whereas the bone marrow and spleen counterparts could form both cell types. (purdue.edu)
  • These cells have been studied for the treatment of periodontitis, bone repair, regeneration of the pulp after necrosis as well as the development of new teeth. (bvsalud.org)
  • Human annulus fibrosus cell (hAFCs) cultured in commercial AF growth medium were used as positive control. (utwente.nl)
  • Here we report on the establishment of long-term, stable 3D organoid cultures from human fallopian tubes, indicative of the presence of adult stem cells. (nature.com)
  • BMP4-directed trophoblast differentiation of human embryonic stem cells is mediated through a DeltaNp63+ cytotrophoblast stem cell state. (ca.gov)
  • Little is known about early trophoblast differentiation in the human embryo, owing to lack of a proper in vitro model system. (ca.gov)
  • This is because stem cells are, basically, the core building blocks of all human cells - which is why they are most prominently a part of human physiology during gestation in the womb. (articlecity.com)
  • Stem cells are unspecialized cells of the human body. (articlecity.com)
  • Stem cells, and in particular human embryonic stem (ES) cells, have earned a reputation for being labour intensive and difficult to grow and control in culture. (ddw-online.com)
  • F urther complicating matters, human ES cells are typically co-cultured with feeder layers of mouse fibroblast cells. (ddw-online.com)
  • Several growth factors have been identified that promote growth of human ES cells in culture, most notably basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). (ddw-online.com)
  • However, the use of bFGF for human ES cell culture, particularly at the high levels used by some for 'feeder-free' culture, must be considered carefully, as bFGF may drive ES cells towards differentiation. (ddw-online.com)
  • Xeno-free media that do not rely upon high levels of bFGF have been developed that contain only humanised or synthetic components and are engineered to support the undifferentiated growth and expansion of human ES cells. (ddw-online.com)
  • Applications Tested: This HIB19 antibody has been pre-titrated and tested by flow cytometric analysis of normal human peripheral blood cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • To bridge this gap, we used three model cell types to study miRNA expression patterns: human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), hESCs-derived self-renewing neural stem cells (NSCs), and differentiating NSCs. (muni.cz)
  • Here we extend those findings to humans using only genetically unmodified human naive embryonic stem cells (cultured in human enhanced naive stem cell medium conditions)4. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, the epigenomes of hiPS cells and human embryonic stem (hES) cells differ significantly, which affects hiPS cell function1-8. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here we characterized the persistence and emergence of these epigenetic differences by performing genome-wide DNA methylation profiling throughout primed and naive reprogramming of human somatic cells to hiPS cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • 8,9 Because dental stem cells (DSCs) are easy to obtain and present a great potential of differentiation, there has been a growing interest in their use in regenerative medicine for treatment of various human diseases. (bvsalud.org)
  • In human postnatal dental tissues, five main sources of DSCs have been identified: dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), 11 stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), 12 periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), 13 dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) 14 and stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs). (bvsalud.org)
  • 2005). Notch1 and syndecan-1 potent human embryonic stem (ES) cells. (lu.se)
  • CD133+), but are rarely codetected with the neural stem dents, very few human-specific NSC markers have been cell (NSC) marker CD15. (lu.se)
  • Human noroviruses are the leading cause of nonbacter- attachment to, entry into, and replication within cells of the ial, self-limiting gastrointestinal illness worldwide human gastrointestinal tract, and the resulting symptoms. (cdc.gov)
  • Representative models of differentiated human intes- transmission are ingestion of contaminated food and water tinal epithelium can be established by growing cells in 3 and person-to-person contact ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • We present cultured in the RWV bioreactors, with the rotation speed the results of our first attempts to infect a physiologically adjusted to maintain the cell aggregates in suspension dur- relevant 3-D small intestinal epithelium model (INT-407) ing the entire culture duration (18-20 rotations/min ini- with genogroup I and II human noroviruses. (cdc.gov)
  • CD1d is a member of the CD1 (cluster of differentiation 1) group of glycoproteins on the surface of human antigen-presenting cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These include embryonic disc and bilaminar disc formation, epiblast lumenogenesis, polarized amniogenesis, anterior-posterior symmetry breaking, primordial germ-cell specification, polarized yolk sac with visceral and parietal endoderm formation, extra-embryonic mesoderm expansion that defines a chorionic cavity and a connecting stalk, and a trophoblast-surrounding compartment demonstrating syncytium and lacunae formation. (bvsalud.org)
  • These signals instruct the cell to grow and divide (proliferate) or to mature and take on specialized functions (differentiate). (medlineplus.gov)
  • T cells carry out immunologic surveillance, then proliferate and destroy newly transformed tumor cells after recognizing TAAs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Treatment of these aggregates with retinoic acid (RA) was previously shown to induce endodermal differentiation We exposed RA_EBs to secondary treatment with agents associated with pancreatic endocrine differentiation, e g Activin A (AA), Sodium Butyrate (SB) and Betacellulin (BTC), with the aim of developing a novel protocol for the regulated derivation of insulin-expressing cell types. (dcu.ie)
  • culturing a stem cell in the presence of an embryonic cell and/or extracellular medium of an embryonic cell, under conditions that induce differentiation of the stem cell. (justia.com)
  • Skeletal muscle fibre formation requires a coordinated programme of morphological and biochemical changes in the differentiating cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Among all, cell transplantation therapy is considered the most favourable treatment strategy for femoral head necrosis. (ijpsonline.com)
  • We are interested in investigating the potential neuroprotective benefits of stem cell transplantation, which has produced encouraging results in different models of CNS degeneration. (nih.gov)
  • We still do not know what specific factors contribute to the success in transplantation i.e. what cells are responsible for motor recovery? (lu.se)
  • Watch the lecture where Malin Parmar tells about the long history of transplantation trials in Lund and how they have been able to differentiate stem cells into specific dopaminergic cells in vitro. (lu.se)
  • While both processes result in new blood vessel formation, vasculogenesis occurs mainly during embryonic development and is facilitated by EPCs, while angiogenesis takes place via "sprouting" of endothelial cells , which allows new blood vessels to take shape from already existing blood vessels. (naturalnews.com)
  • HADSCs were induced to confirm that they can express the characteristics of endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro. (molvis.org)
  • To establish whether these cells were differentiated into iDCs, we analysed the expression of cell surface molecules on these cells and the capacity to capture antigens using flow cytometry. (eur.nl)
  • Differentiation of stem cells is known be triggered by various growth factors and regulatory molecules. (justia.com)
  • Evidence suggests that class I MHC molecules on the surface of normal cells inhibit NK cells and prevent lysis. (msdmanuals.com)