Vitro antigen presenting cells are dendritic cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

We used the minimal gene regulatory network of type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1) to reprogram cancer cells into professional antigen-presenting cells (tumor-APCs). (lu.se)
Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells. (pbkom.eu)
These professional antigen-presenting cells are able to discriminate unmodified self from non-self thanks to pattern recognition receptors such as the Toll like Receptors (TLR) and Scavenger Receptors (SR). SR were originally identified by their ability to bind and internalize modified lipoproteins and microorganisms but also particles and TLR agonists. (biomedcentral.com)
DC are professional antigen-presenting cells that are essential for initiating adaptive immune responses. (biomedcentral.com)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that have multiple subpopulations with different phenotypes and immune functions. (biomedcentral.com)
These data indicate that promoter strength per se is not the most critical quality of a recombinant poxvirus-based tumor vaccine and that the use of promoters capable of driving the production of TAA in 'professional' antigen presenting cells may be crucial. (johnshopkins.edu)

TLRs are localized in the endosomal compartment of cells, such as DCs and macrophages. (wikipedia.org)
In the present study, we demonstrate that infection of human antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages with IDLVs expressing influenza matrix M1 protein resulted in effective induction of in vitro expansion of M1-primed CD8(+) T cells, as evaluated by both pentamer staining and cytokine production. (duke.edu)
PD-L1 CAR haNKs reduced levels of macrophages and other myeloid cells endogenously expressing high PD-L1 in peripheral blood from patients with head and neck cancer. (elifesciences.org)
CD86 exhibits constitutive expression on resting monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. (annexpublishers.co)
The ligand Is expressed on antigen presenting cells including splenic B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. (bioxcell.com)
Thus, blockade of activating FcγR inhibits binding of opsonized antigens, induction of effector functions and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages, and degranulation of granulocytes. (academie-medecine.fr)
In conditions such as like ITP that is autoantibody-mediated, IVIG Fc fragmentmediated competitive blockade of activating FcγR might inhibit: binding of opsonized antigens, induction of effector functions and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages, and degranulation of granulocytes [1, 12]. (academie-medecine.fr)
FcRn expressed in endosomal compartment of intestinal epithelium, vascular endothelium and macrophages regulates the serum IgG levels by binding to the pinocytosed antibodies and recirculating them to cell surface without intracellular degradation. (academie-medecine.fr)
We assessed how variation in the amount of GM3, surface-attached PEG and liposomal size affected the binding to, and uptake by, CD169+ macrophages in vitro and in vivo. (uu.nl)
Aim - to reveal and compare groups of genes characterized by increased and reduced expression upon combined stimulation of human macrophages with NOD1 and TLR4 agonists in vitro . (immunologiya-journal.ru)
Thus, we studied the roles of Dectin-1, Dectin-2, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the hemocyanin activation of murine APCs, both in dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, using hemocyanins from Megathura crenulata (KLH), Concholepas concholepas (CCH) and Fissurella latimarginata (FLH). (exeter.ac.uk)
In addition to their action on macrophages and airway epithelial cells, DEP also modulate the functions of dendritic cells (DC). (biomedcentral.com)
DEP exert immunoregulatory functions through their first action on resident cells in the lung including macrophages, airway epithelial cells, and dendritic cells (DC). (biomedcentral.com)
Whereas alveolar macrophages mainly reside in the alveolar region of the lung, immature myeloid DC (mDC) constitute a dense network in close proximity to airway epithelial cells [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
SL is an antigen-dependent process and requires the collaboration of antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells and macrophages), CD4 + T lymphocytes, and different cytokines. (medscape.com)

METHOD: Both an in vitro dendritic-like cell line and monocyte-derived dendritic cells from peripheral blood were studied. (northumbria.ac.uk)
The KG-1 dendritic-like cell line was transfected with HLA-B27 cDNA constructs, and the cellular distribution, intracellular assembly and ability of HLA-B27 to form heavy-chain homodimers was compared with human monocyte-derived dendritic cells after stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). (northumbria.ac.uk)
Significantly, the formation of HLA-B27 homodimers in transfected KG-1 cells is induced by maturation, with a transient induction also seen in LPS-stimulated human monocyte-derived dendritic cells expressing HLA-B27. (northumbria.ac.uk)
We have studied the formation of HLA-B27 heavy-chain homodimers in human dendritic cells, which are key antigen-presenting cells and regulators of mammalian immune responses.METHOD: Both an in vitro dendritic-like cell line and monocyte-derived dendritic cells from peripheral blood were studied. (northumbria.ac.uk)
Jing et al demonstrated previously that in vitro monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC's), or antigen-presenting cells, can cross-present HSV-2 epitopes to create HSV-2 specific memory T-cells. (vassar.edu)

Failed T cell-based immunotherapies in the presence of genomic alterations in antigen presentations pathways may be overcome by NK cell-based immunotherapy. (elifesciences.org)
T cell-based immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint blockade or adoptive T cell transfer, is limited by the ability of T cells to detect major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-presented antigen by tumor cells. (elifesciences.org)
Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy may overcome genetic mechanisms of resistance to T cell-based immunotherapy through antigen- and MHC-independent recognition of malignant cells. (elifesciences.org)
Thus, addressing the presence of immunosuppressive myeloid cell populations in the periphery and tumor microenvironment of patients with cancer is likely to be required for effective NK cell-based immunotherapy. (elifesciences.org)
One approach for the development of CTL-based cancer immunotherapy for solid tumors requires the use of the appropriate immunogenic peptide epitopes that are derived from defined tumor-associated antigens. (elsevierpure.com)
Vac- cination with dendritic cells previously exposed to tumor antigens seems to be one of the most attrac- tive approaches of immunotherapy. (pbkom.eu)
Immunotherapy can fail in patients with cancer when certain cancer cells can hide from the immune system. (lu.se)
However, cDC1 can be compromised in cancer patients and some cancer cells lack these antigen-presenting proteins on their surface, impacting immunotherapy response. (lu.se)
2019. Conjugation of a peptide autoantigen to gold nanoparticles for intradermally administered antigen specific immunotherapy . (cardiff.ac.uk)
To the contrast, while the emerging immunotherapy focus on stimulating the immune system to awake the vital specific and active auto-immunocyte to be able to be targeting on attacking and destroying the remaining cancer cells after surgery to result a much better efficacy in longer life and living quality of a patient after receiving a radiotherapy or chemotherapy. (safesavecell.com)
Despite of various types of immunocyte in human body, the most frequent applied in current cancer immunotherapy is NK, Natural Killer Cells, the one and the only one specific cell, T cells and Dendritic Cells, DCs shows the best antigen presenting ability, etc. (safesavecell.com)
Autologous Dendritic Cell/ Tumor Antigen" ADCTA cancer immunotherapy is a tailor made cancer treatment takes original autologous cancer antigens and immunocyte from the patient, ADCTA is exactly precise and suitable for every individual patient compared with chemotherapy or target therapeutic drugs which is designed based on a generic characters of cancer cells. (safesavecell.com)
Her Immunotherapy research focuses on Adoptive cell transfer and how it connects with Cell, Cancer, Monoclonal antibody, Antibody and Blockade. (research.com)
Her Immunotherapy research is multidisciplinary, incorporating elements of Blockade, Adoptive cell transfer and Sarcoma. (research.com)
Her study explores the link between Tumor microenvironment and topics such as Immunotherapy that cross with problems in Cell biology. (research.com)
Her Immunity study combines topics in areas such as Cancer cell, Blockade, Antigen, Cell biology and Immunotherapy. (research.com)

Hematopoietic stem cells and LC precursors in skin develop into long-term LC in steady state, which requires the transcription factor Id2 (A, top panel). (rwth-aachen.de)
DC subsets develop from hematopoietic stem cells via Flt3 expressing progenitors through consecutive steps of lineage commitment and differentiation: multipotent progenitors (MPP) are committed to DC restricted common DC progenitors (CDP), which differentiate into the specific DC subsets cDC1 cDC2 and pDC. (rwth-aachen.de)
Dendritic cells originate in human hematopoietic stem cells within bones marrow, the differentiation process begins with the stem cells differentiate into bone marrow precursor cells, then mononuclear and eventually dendritic cells. (safesavecell.com)

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) activated in vitro may express molecules normally associated with antigen presenting cells (APCs). (annexpublishers.co)
The expression of costimulatory molecules in NETs would allow PMNs to exert function as APCs and modulatory functions of various subpopulations of T cells. (annexpublishers.co)
Within 9 days of reprogramming, tumor-APCs acquired transcriptional and epigenetic programs associated with cDC1 cells. (lu.se)
In addition to acquiring improved antigen presentation, tumor-APCs had impaired tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. (lu.se)
Injection of in vitro generated melanoma-derived tumor-APCs into subcutaneous melanoma tumors delayed tumor growth and increased survival in mice. (lu.se)
Mollusk hemocyanins have biomedical uses as carriers/adjuvants and nonspecific immunostimulants with beneficial clinical outcomes by triggering the production of proinflammatory cytokines in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and driving immune responses toward type 1 T helper (Th1) polarization. (exeter.ac.uk)
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most important antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the body. (biomedcentral.com)
Obese adipocytes overexpress MHC class II molecules and costimulators to act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and promote the activation of CD4 + T cells. (frontiersin.org)
First, we introduce adipocytes as APCs to participate in T cell-mediated adaptive immune response. (frontiersin.org)
Chimeric monoclonal antibodies activate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells more effectively than murine monoclonal antibodies but can still induce production of human anti-chimeric antibodies. (msdmanuals.com)
In peripheral tissues including mucosa, TLR stimulation of structural cells is required to initiate immunity by transmitting signals to APCs. (ihes.fr)

Restoring antitumor immunity with dendritic cell reprogramming strategies. (lu.se)
Alexandra Gabriela Barros Ferreira defends her Ph.D. thesis "Restoring antitumor immunity with dendritic cell reprogramming strategies" on Friday, 17 November, 2023. (lu.se)
My Ph.D. studies have focused on restoring anti-tumor immunity with dendritic cell reprogramming strategies. (lu.se)

In contrast, the peritumoral stroma is highly infiltrated with various immune cells that actively secrete high concentrations of inflammatory cytokines for enhancing cell growth, angiogenesis, and tissue remodelling [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Les IgIV intéragissent avec de nombreux composants du système immunitaire comme les récepteurs Fc, le complément, les cytokines, les lymphocytes T et B, les cellules dendritiques, les granulocytes et les cellules NK, ce qui explique en partie leurs effets anti-inflammatoires. (academie-medecine.fr)
2 The interaction of IVIG with a large number of components of the immune system including Fc receptors, complement molecules, cytokines, B and T lymphocytes, neutrophils and NK cells, may explain at least in part their anti-inflammatory effects. (academie-medecine.fr)
However, the limitations were found in clinical application that (1) iNKT cells failed to produce cytokines and proliferate when additional doses of α-GalCer were given by systemic route and (2) poor hydrophilicity of α-GalCer. (tmu.edu.tw)
Cytokines, antigen-specific antibodies and subtype antibodies of serum and nasal wash fluid will be analyzed in order to investigate the enhancement of the Th1/Th2 immune-modulatory pathway. (tmu.edu.tw)
Next, we summarize various cytokines produced by adipocytes that regulate the survival, activation and differentiation of B cells. (frontiersin.org)
The integration of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from microorganisms with their surface receptors in the immune cells, induces the production of several cytokines and chemokines that presents either a pro- and/or anti-inflammatory role by stimulating the secretion of a great variety of antibody subtypes and the activation of mechanisms of controlling the disease, such as the regulatory T cells. (bvsalud.org)

DC sense antigens, which are taken-up, processed and presented in the context of MHC molecules to elicit antigen specific T cell responses. (rwth-aachen.de)
For example, MSC are poor antigen presenting cells and do not express MHC class II or co-stimulatory molecules and only low levels of MHC class I molecules. (vin.com)
The intratumoral region is generally in an immunosuppressive state [ 3 ] it contains dysfunctional antigen presenting cells, altered proportion of effector to regulatory T cells, and an abundance of immunosuppressive molecules, forming a network to facilitate immune evasion [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
These costimulatory molecules were detected on the cell surface at 30 min and 24 h but not in the control paired blood samples. (annexpublishers.co)
PMNs activated in vitro may express molecules normally associated with antigen presenting cells required for T cell activation. (annexpublishers.co)
Reprogramming restored the expression of antigen presentation complexes and costimulatory molecules on the surfaces of tumor cells, allowing the. (lu.se)
We describe an immunostimulatory oligonucleotide containing a CpG motif that stimulated murine DC to up-regulate co-stimulatory molecules, induce T-cell proliferative responses and secrete interleukin-12 in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)
The same CpG did not cause maturation of monocyte-derived human DC in vitro, but lipopolysaccharide-treated monocyte-derived DC showed enhanced functional activity and up-regulated co-stimulatory molecules. (ox.ac.uk)
Alpha-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) is a glycolipid that can be loaded into MHC-class-I-related CD1d molecules by dendritic cells and has been shown to stimulate invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. (tmu.edu.tw)
The adipocyte was reported as an antigen-presenting cell (APC) which expresses CD1d and MHC class I and II molecules. (frontiersin.org)
Moreover, like other nucleated cells, adipocytes express MHC class I molecules. (frontiersin.org)
Overview of the Immune System The immune system distinguishes self from nonself and eliminates potentially harmful nonself molecules and cells from the body. (msdmanuals.com)
The B-cell receptor is formed from the noncovalent association between surface IgM or IgD and 2 transmembrane proteins, IgA and immunoglobulin B. The presence of CD22 and CD19/CD21 on the cell surface, playing the role of coreceptorlike molecules, is necessary for the activation of the receptor. (medscape.com)

Human primary tumor cells could also be reprogrammed to increase their capability to present antigen and to activate patient-specific tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. (lu.se)
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease with an autoimmune component that is characterised by activation of self-reactive lymphocytes, which enter the central nervous system (CNS) and cause destruction of myelin producing cells and neurons leading to the formation of inflammatory lesions. (nature.com)
These algorithms identified three candidate peptides that we studied for their capacity to induce CTL responses in vitro using lymphocytes from HLA-B7+ normal blood donors. (elsevierpure.com)
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes which constitute a significant element of innate immune responses against tumours and cells infected with viruses or parasites. (pbkom.eu)
their biopsies demonstrate T lymphocytes to be the predominant cells in early inflammatory lesions [ 5 ]. (escholarship.org)
Whether neutrophils or lymphocytes are first at the lesion site, evidence suggests that both immune cells are involved in the immunopathophysiology of acne. (escholarship.org)
Furthermore, in a functional assay, dendritic cells infected in vitro with rVV encoding β-gal regulated by an early promoter activated β-gal-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, whereas similar rVV with a late promoter-regulated gene did not. (johnshopkins.edu)

In 2018, our research group identified the three transcription factors that allow us to convert fibroblasts, for example from the skin, into type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1). (lu.se)

Among their other immunological properties, MSC inhibit lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production, suppress dendritic cell function and alter DC cytokine production, and decrease IFN-g production by NK cells. (vin.com)
IL-17 is a proinflammatory cytokine produced primarily by a novel subset of CD4+T cells known as T H 17. (hindawi.com)
In addition to T H cells, this cytokine can also be secreted by CD8+T cells, γ δ T cells, lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and granulocytes [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
The maturation and cytokine production of dendritic cells will also be investigated after cultured with α-GalCer-incorporated liposomes in vitro. (tmu.edu.tw)
Eady and Cove have suggested that increased permeability of the follicular wall secondary to the release of the proinflammatory and cell-differentiating cytokine interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) may be all that is necessary to initiate the intradermal inflammatory process that characterizes inflammatory lesions [ 4 ]. (escholarship.org)
Her work deals with themes such as Neuroscience and Cytokine, which intersect with Dendritic cell. (research.com)
Her research integrates issues of In vitro, Cytokine and Follicular dendritic cells in her study of Cell biology. (research.com)

NK cells express germ-line receptors that are either stimulatory or inhibitory, and the summation of these signals determines activation status ( Caligiuri, 2008 ). (elifesciences.org)
The immune system utilizes sensors on immune cells named pattern recognition receptors to recognize invading pathogens and foreign substances. (exeter.ac.uk)
Due to the presence of specific receptors dendritic cells (DCs) are able to respond to both intra- and extracellular antigens. (pbkom.eu)
While CD4 T cells are by far the most abundant HIV-infected cell, DCs express a variety of HIV co-receptors and lectin receptors that modulate HIV uptake, antigen processing, and trans-infection to T cells, thus contributing to a wide variety of immunological outcomes. (jscimedcentral.com)
In addition, the ability of HIV to exploit DC surface receptors or intracellular routing mechanisms to avoid antigen-processing machinery also contributes to viral persistence and promotes trans or cis-infection of CD4 T cells. (jscimedcentral.com)
Immature DCs possess a wide variety of receptors, such as Fc receptors, lectins, and langerin, which allow them to efficiently bind and internalize antigen. (jscimedcentral.com)
This wide range of receptors allows for efficient receptor mediated phagocytosis of many foreign antigens. (jscimedcentral.com)

They act as a surveillance system to detect foreign antigens and shape immunogenic or tolerogenic responses [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Classification of Hypersensitivity Reactions Allergic (including atopic) and other hypersensitivity disorders are inappropriate or exaggerated immune reactions to foreign antigens. (msdmanuals.com)

Apart from a minor direct effect on the proliferation and survival of cancer cells in other systems [ 15 ], and the recent report on its role in immune evasion via mediating B7-H1 expression on monocytes to suppress cytotoxic T cell activity [ 13 ], the major protumor role of IL-17 in inflammation-associated cancer relies on fostering angiogenesis. (hindawi.com)
This processes change intracellular signaling roads regulating cell proliferation and/or apoptosis of cancer cells and effect the tumor growth progression. (pbkom.eu)
In addition, various adipokines secreted by adipocytes regulate the proliferation and differentiation of T cells. (frontiersin.org)
The ability of the M. tuberculosis infected DC to induce T cell proliferation using 5 and 6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) dilution technique was also investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
It was revealed that the M. tuberculosis infected DC induced T cell proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
These data clearly demonstrate that M. tuberculosis induces activation and maturation of human monocyte-derived immature DC as well as induces T cell proliferation in vitro . (biomedcentral.com)
Open in a separate window Fig. 4 EVs shed by renal cancer cells inhibited monocyte-derived DC differentiation and their ability to stimulate T cell proliferation. (woofahs.com)
B-cell disorders are divided into defects of B-cell development/immunoglobulin production ( immunodeficiencies ) and excessive/uncontrolled proliferation ( lymphomas , leukemias ). (medscape.com)
These pathways converge toward the activation of transcription factors, resulting in B-cell activation and proliferation. (medscape.com)

Decreased antigen presentation contributes to the ability of cancer cells to evade the immune system. (lu.se)
Cross-presentation initiates immune responses against tumors and viral infections by presenting extracellular antigen on MHC I to activate CD8 + T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. (elsevierpure.com)
In vitro studies in dendritic cells (DCs) established SNARE protein SEC22B as a specific regulator of cross-presentation. (elsevierpure.com)
Although in vitro small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated Sec22b silencing in bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) reduced cross-presentation, treatment of SEC22B-deficient BMDCs with the same shRNA produced a similar defect, suggesting the Sec22b shRNA modulates cross-presentation through off-target effects. (elsevierpure.com)
We focused particularly on harnessing reprogramming, or direct cellular reprogramming, to induce antigen presentation in cancer cells. (lu.se)
Direct reprogramming strategies with cDC1-specific factors can induce antigen-presentation in cancer cells, making cancer cells visible to the immune system and easier to fight. (lu.se)
Additionally, we described the interference of FMDV with DC maturation and antigen presentation capacity. (usda.gov)
For immune defense, the respiratory tract contains DCs that function as a robust antigen presentation system. (biomedcentral.com)
Ikappa B kinase 2 but not NF-kappa B-inducing kinase is essential for effective DC antigen presentation in the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. (ox.ac.uk)
When DCs were fixed, this inhibitory effect of IKK2dn was lost, suggesting that IKK2 is involved in T-cell-derived signals that enhance DC antigen presentation during the allogeneic MLR period and does not have an effect on viability or differentiation state of DCs prior to coculture with T cells. (ox.ac.uk)

RESULTS: Immature KG-1 cells expressing HLA-B27 display an intracellular source of MHC class I heavy-chain homodimers partially overlapping with the Golgi bodies, but not the endoplasmic reticulum, which is lost at cell maturation with phorbyl-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin. (northumbria.ac.uk)
The diversity of this cell population is a result of differences in localization, stage of maturation, phenotype and function. (pbkom.eu)
HIV uptake by DCs is unique in that it does not preferentially drive DC maturation and stimulate T cell instruction, but rather favors viral spread [10]. (jscimedcentral.com)
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Salmonella abortus equi , a known DC maturation agent, was used as a positive control and showed a comparable up regulation of cell surface markers as observed with M. tuberculosis infected DC. (biomedcentral.com)
We found that efficient gene transfer into pDC can be achieved with VSVG-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors (LV) under the control of phoshoglycerate kinase (PGK) and elongation factor-1 (EF1α) promoters (28% to 90% of E-GFP + cells, respectively) in the absence of phenotypic and functional maturation. (biomedcentral.com)
EVs produced from Compact Firocoxib disc105+ CSCs and in much less extent, those produced from Compact disc105- TCs maintained the capability to impair monocyte maturation and T cell activation. (woofahs.com)
Conclusions In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that renal cancer cells and in particular CSCs and derived EVs impair maturation of DCs and T cell immune response by a mechanism involving HLA-G. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-2025-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. (woofahs.com)

We have studied the formation of HLA-B27 heavy-chain homodimers in human dendritic cells, which are key antigen-presenting cells and regulators of mammalian immune responses. (northumbria.ac.uk)
Whether the encounter between the human dendritic cells and M. tuberculosis represents a defence mechanism by the invaded host, or helping the invader to evade the defence mechanism of the host is still not clearly understood. (biomedcentral.com)

A lncRNA identifies IRF8 enhancer element in negative feedback control of dendritic cell differentiation. (rwth-aachen.de)
The gut is the natural site of T H 17 generation and it has recently been found that microbes can affect T cell differentiation via regulating dendritic cells. (hindawi.com)
2015). "ICOS coreceptor signaling inactivates the transcription factor FOXO1 to promote Tfh cell differentiation" Immunity 42(2): 239-251. (bioxcell.com)
The differentiation of Tfh cells is a multi-step process that depends upon the co-receptor ICOS and the activation of phosphoinositide-3 kinase leading to the expression of key Tfh cell genes. (bioxcell.com)
FOXO1 regulated Tfh cell differentiation through a broad program of gene expression exemplified by its negative regulation of Bcl6. (bioxcell.com)
Final differentiation to germinal center Tfh cells (GC-Tfh) was instead FOXO1 dependent as the Foxo1(-/-) GC-Tfh cell population was substantially reduced. (bioxcell.com)

Several reports have demonstrated that a single immunization with integration-defective lentiviral vectors (IDLVs) delivering viral or tumor model antigens in mice was able to elicit broad and long-lasting specific immune responses in the absence of vector integration. (duke.edu)
Mesenchymal stem cells clearly modulate immune responses, as demonstrated by both in vitro and in vivo studies. (vin.com)
Upon ICOSL binding, ICOS signaling co-stimulates T and B cell responses. (bioxcell.com)
Specifically, the timely orchestration of pro- and anti-inflammatory responses, based on the activation and inhibition of various cell types, such as tissue-resident cells and different types of immune cells, can significantly impact wound repair [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Most notably, some gut helminths can also downregulate T cell responses to inflammatory stimuli including asthmatic and allergic reactions through stimulation and expansion of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. (cam.ac.uk)
As a proof of concept, we prepared GM3-targeted liposomes containing a long synthetic ovalbumin peptide and tested the capacity of these liposomes to induce CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses compared to control liposomes or soluble peptide. (uu.nl)
A way to stimulate both CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell responses seems necessary to create an effective vaccine. (vassar.edu)
The enrichment techniques used could potentially make studying T-cell responses easier. (vassar.edu)
The results show that one of these peptides, CEA9 632 (IPQQHTQVL) was efficient in the induction of primary CTL responses when dendritic cells were used as antigen-presenting cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Dendritic cells (DC) play a central role in the generation of primary T cell responses and the maintenance of immune responses. (usda.gov)
This reduction of T cell activity may result in a more potent induction of neutralizing antibody responses, clearing the viral infection. (usda.gov)
iNKT cells have emerged as important contributors to the regulation of immune responses, T cell activation, and anti-tumor activity. (tmu.edu.tw)
Thus, α-GalCer-incorporated liposome is capable of improving the delivery of antigen to antigen-presenting-cell and inducing effective immune responses via various routes. (tmu.edu.tw)
Dendritic cells (DC) are central purveyors of both innate and adaptive immune responses. (jscimedcentral.com)
A failure of DCs to mature, as witnessed during HIV uptake, however, leads to attenuation of antigen-specific immune responses and may significantly contribute to induction of T cell regulatory responses. (jscimedcentral.com)
The failure of DCs to properly process and present HIV antigens and stimulate specific adaptive responses can prevent viral clearance and aid in establishment of viral reservoirs, two of the main obstacles to a therapeutic cure. (jscimedcentral.com)
They are also key players in spread of infection via trans-CD4 T cell infection (or in cis), and stimulation of adaptive immune responses in attempt to eliminate virus. (jscimedcentral.com)
This review focuses on how HIV is recognized and processed by DCs, the responses (and lack thereof) generated by DCs after capture, the role of DCs in HIV transfer to CD4 T cells, and the role of DCs in immunomodulatory responses to HIV. (jscimedcentral.com)

Scholars@Duke publication: Transduction of human antigen-presenting cells with integrase-defective lentiviral vector enables functional expansion of primed antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells. (duke.edu)

Tumor cells can be effectively recognized and eliminated by CTLs. (elsevierpure.com)
These CTLs were efficient in killing tumor cells that express HLA-B7 and produce CEA. (elsevierpure.com)
In recent years there has been a shift in perception of DCs not only as inducers of immune reactivity but also as crucial regulators of immunity, which include ability to induce and maintain tolerance and also as effector cells, which are capable to kill tumor cells (NKDCs). (pbkom.eu)
Tumor cells in transformation process accumulate products of oncogenes and/or loss the functional products of tumor suppressor genes. (pbkom.eu)
The system has been mainly related to the expression of HLA-G by tumor cells and to its release in a form associated to EVs. (woofahs.com)
13K, docx)Mean Fluorescence Strength (MFI) of monocyte-derived cells cultured in existence or lack of renal tumor cells (Compact disc105+ CSCs and Compact Firocoxib disc105- TCs). (woofahs.com)

Concurrent with this observation, L-MCs possessed significantly more antigen-uptake capacity compared to their counterparts from blood. (biomedcentral.com)
It is likely that L-DCs play an important role in antigen uptake and processing of respiratory pathogens and are major contributors to respiratory tract immunity and may be ideal tools for future in vitro or ex vivo studies. (biomedcentral.com)
More recent studies suggested that DCs derived from tissues without "danger" signal stimulation should be regarded as immature DCs, based on their major role in antigen uptake and endocytosis of antigens [ 11 , 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
After antigen uptake, DC rapidly migrate to the draining secondary lymphoid organ. (biomedcentral.com)

Enforced expression of the transcription factors PU.1, IRF8, and BATF3 (PIB) was sufficient to induce the cDC1 phenotype in 36 cell lines derived from human and mouse hematological and solid tumors. (lu.se)
By using direct reprogramming strategies, I could induce the expression of tumor antigens on the surface of cancer cells, making them visible to the immune system again. (lu.se)
Gene modified dendritic cells (DC) are able to modulate DC functions and induce therapeutic immunity or tolerance in an antigen-specific manner. (biomedcentral.com)

Additionally cell surface marker characterization via flow cytometry differentiates them from hematopoetic cells, though no truly unique MSC molecule has been identified. (vin.com)
To analyze the interactions between M. tuberculosis and immune cells, human peripheral blood monocyte-derived immature DCs were infected with M. tuberculosis H37Rv wild type strain and flow cytometry was used to analyse cell surface expression markers. (biomedcentral.com)

DC can acquire and process antigens in the periphery before maturing and migrating to secondary lymphoid tissues where they present the antigens and deliver co-stimulatory signals to T cells. (ox.ac.uk)

Most DCs in tissues and blood are present in an immature state, but upon antigen acquisition and activation they mature. (jscimedcentral.com)
Method For immunopharmacological screening campaigns, we built an artificial miniature immune system in which dendritic cells (DCs) derived from immature precursors present MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class I-restricted antigen to a T-cell hybridoma that then secretes interleukin-2 (IL-2). (bmj.com)
Both continue their development in the bone marrow through an antigen-independent process called primary lymphopoiesis (PL). Recognized stages of PL are pro-B cell, pre-B cell, immature B cell, and mature B cell. (medscape.com)

Of the four types, mRNA-based therapy is the only type which is based on triggering synthesis of proteins within cells, making it particularly useful in vaccine development. (wikipedia.org)
Cancer vaccine effectiveness could be enhanced by targeting vaccine antigens to antigen-presenting cells, thereby increasing T-cell activation. (uu.nl)
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is making news due to a paper by Jing et al identifying two promising new candidate antigens for a vaccine. (vassar.edu)
Furthermore, finding a vaccine for HSV-1 has proved difficult, in part because of the vital but elusive role of CD8 + T-cells in the HSV-1 immune response. (vassar.edu)
These attempts were unable to stimulate a CD8 + T-cell response, and the vaccine failed during clinical trials. (vassar.edu)
Jing et al conclude that the viral proteins coded by UL39 and UL46 are good candidate antigens for an HSV-1 vaccine because of their CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell immunogenicity. (vassar.edu)
In fact, the large number of CD8 + T-cell epitopes identified led the authors to conclude that a whole-virus vaccine may be more successful than subunits. (vassar.edu)
In this project, we will investigate preparation of α-GalCer-incorporated liposomes, in vitro and in vivo mechanisms, and the application in cancer vaccine therapy of α-GalCer-incorporated liposomes. (tmu.edu.tw)
During the second year, mice will be immunized with α-GalCer-incorporated liposome vaccine via intravenous or intranasal routes and T cell activities will be analyzed. (tmu.edu.tw)
The active immunity is also known as cancer vaccine, divided into 3 categories as Tumor Cell Vaccine, Tumor Antigen Vaccine and Cell Antigen. (safesavecell.com)
Technologically when DC manipulates the tumor antigen under the most favorable conditions in vitro, DC then becomes a vaccine carrying tumor antigen and ready for injecting to the patient to re-simulates or re-activate s cancer killer T cells ability to suppress the grow of cancer. (safesavecell.com)

Antigen presenting dendritic cells (DC) represent highly specialized immune cells with a central role in immunity and tolerance induction. (rwth-aachen.de)
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are essential in the induction of high-affinity, class-switched antibodies. (bioxcell.com)

In interaction with other non-immune cells, such immune cell subsets ensure the functionality and integrity of the skin layers [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Current ideas concerning various aspects of the biology of dendritic cells (DC) were presented, including subdivision on two subsets and follow-ups of their activation. (pbkom.eu)
Human splenocytes gave production of predominantly myeloid dendritic-like cells, with minor subsets resembling conventional dendritic cells (cDC) cells, and myeloid or monocyte-derived DC. (edu.au)
Combined data now show that splenic stroma of both human and murine origin provides a mesenchymal stromal cell microenvironment which is WNT pathway-dependent, and which supports in vitro myelopoiesis with production of specific subsets of myeloid and dendritic-like cells. (edu.au)
In humans, at least two subsets of DC are known in the blood, myeloid DC (also known as interstitial or dermal DC), and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) and Langerhans cells (LC) in the tissues [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

These cells have a plasmacytoid dendritic cell phenotype, a distinct response to TLR ligation and present antigen to T cells far less efficiently on comparison to conventional CD11c(hi) dendritic cells. (cam.ac.uk)

Adipocytes can directly activate CD4 + T cells through antigen:MHCII complex in a contact-dependent manner. (frontiersin.org)
In contrast, astemizole acts as a histamine H1 receptor (H1R1) antagonist to activate T cells in a non-specific, DC-independent fashion. (bmj.com)

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been proposed as vehicles for the sensitization of T cells by decreasing their activation threshold. (annexpublishers.co)
Finally, the plasmatic membrane ruptures and ejects the interior of the cell to the extracellular space forming NETs [ 5 ]. (annexpublishers.co)

In vitro blockade of IL-10 with a neutralizing antibody restores T cell activation by DC. (usda.gov)
The concepts of her Cancer cell study are interwoven with issues in Acquired immune system, Antigen, T cell immunity, Immunity and Blockade. (research.com)

Although dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells involved in numerous physiologic and pathologic processes, little is known about the signaling pathways that regulate DC activation and antigen-presenting function. (ox.ac.uk)
Organ failure in the heart or kidney can initiate various complex metabolic, cell-mediated and humoral pathways affecting distant organs, contributing to the high therapeutic costs and significantly higher morbidity and mortality. (biomedcentral.com)

The size of the plasma pool ensures the vast diversity of IgG repertoire in IVIG that interacts with a large number of self-antigens, in addition to pathogens and external antigens [2]. (academie-medecine.fr)
The function of the adaptive immune system is to recognize, remember and destroy invading pathogens through their antigens, and relieve pathogen-associated toxicities. (frontiersin.org)

Here, we demonstrate that NK cells (haNKs) engineered to express a PD-L1 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) haNKs killed a panel of human and murine head and neck cancer cells at low effector-to-target ratios in a PD-L1-dependent fashion. (elifesciences.org)
Here, we describe the pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo study of irradiated haNK cells engineered to express a second-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). (elifesciences.org)
We confirmed a glycan-dependent binding of hemocyanins to chimeric TLR4 in vitro. (exeter.ac.uk)

ADCTA is able to kill the remaining cancer cells to has a significant result of increasing Overall Survival, OS Rate while the conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy is applied at the same time. (safesavecell.com)

Tumor progression has now been recognized as the product of crosstalk between cancer cells and stromal cells, including immune cells [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Our approach serves as a platform for the development of immunotherapies that endow cancer cells with the capability to process and present endogenous tumor antigens. (lu.se)
Reprogramming cancer cells to antigen-presenting cells. (lu.se)
Cancer cells vastly upregulate specific blood clotting factors and this is believed to result in the formation of unwanted blood clots in veins and the lungs, often leading to fatal, thrombotic complications in cancer patients. (einthovenlaboratory.com)
Lu, J & Celis, E 2000, ' Use of two predictive algorithms of the world wide web for the identification of tumor-reactive T-cell epitopes ', Cancer Research , vol. 60, no. 18, pp. 5223-5227. (elsevierpure.com)
Bcr/abl, or tumor associated antigens (TAA) in cancer cells may be used theoreticaly in cancer therapy. (pbkom.eu)
The idea had a strong scientific rationale: over millions of years our immune systems have evolved intricate and multi-layered ways to protect our health - why should cancer cells be exempt from its attentions? (cancerworld.net)
The discovery that the CTLA-4 and PD1 proteins act as checkpoints that protect cancer cells from immune attack, and the idea - pioneered by Jim Allison - that the immune system could be freed to target cancer by blocking such immune checkpoints, provided the key that has unlocked progress. (cancerworld.net)
Doudna and Charpentier's development of the CRISPR/cas9 technique, which started to be used around 10 years ago, opened up mind-boggling possibilities for intervening in the behaviour of both cancer cells and immune cells. (cancerworld.net)
In the field of oncology, this approach was pioneered with CAR T cell therapy, which harvested T cells from patients and engineered them to recognise and attack their cancer cells. (cancerworld.net)
Oncolytic viruses' ‒ viruses that preferentially infect and kill cancer cells ‒ have been known about for some time. (cancerworld.net)
Early hypotheses focused principally on the observation that certain viruses seem to prefer cancer cells, which is assumed to be linked to the changed metabolic status of cancer cells that makes viral replication favourable. (cancerworld.net)
Her research involves direct reprogramming approaches, which function like a Trojan horse, enabling cancer cells to be targeted by the immune system. (lu.se)
when it comes to cancer they are critical as they present tumor antigens to the killer cells of the immune system and orchestrate the anti-tumor immune response. (lu.se)
The way of Passive Immunity is to have patients receive allogeneic antibodies in order to inhibit the cancer cells metastasis or to kill the cancer cells. (safesavecell.com)
In addition, memory type T cells is produced and persists in the patient body to prevent recurrence or metastasis of cancer. (safesavecell.com)
In patients with cancer, high H1R1 expression correlated with low infiltration by TH1 cells, as well as with signs of T-cell exhaustion. (bmj.com)
Dendritic-cell-based therapeutic cancer vaccines. (research.com)
Karolina Palucka mostly deals with Immunology, Immune system, Dendritic cell, Cancer and Cancer research. (research.com)
Recombinant poxviruses encoding tumor-associated antigens (TAA) are attractive as candidate cancer vaccines. (johnshopkins.edu)
Transcriptomic profiling of T-cell populations in non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer. (lu.se)

Administration of this oligonucleotide, but not of a control oligonucleotide lacking this motif, to mice led to the disappearance of DC from the marginal zone and T-cell areas of spleen, but not from heart or kidney. (ox.ac.uk)
Murine spleen has been shown to harbour stromal cells that support hematopoiesis with production of myeloid antigen-presenting cells. (edu.au)
Murine monoclonal antibodies are produced by injecting a mouse with an antigen, harvesting its spleen to obtain B cells that are producing antibody specific to that antigen, fusing those cells with immortal mouse myeloma cells, growing these hybridoma cells (eg, in cell culture), and harvesting the antibody. (msdmanuals.com)

These regulatory T cell changes could be inhibited with excess antigen or the retinoic acid receptor antagonist LE540 and are enhanced with recombinant TGF -beta. (cam.ac.uk)
Following B-cell receptor activation, 2 waves of tyrosine kinase phosphorylation occur. (medscape.com)

Recent years have brought increased interest in the potential for adult stem cells to help in the treatment of many diseases through both their regenerative properties as well as their apparent ability to alter the environment in injured and diseased tissues. (vin.com)
Adult stem cells can be obtained from many differentiated tissues including but not limited to bone marrow, bone, fat, and muscle. (vin.com)

I am interested in the mechanisms underlying this Foxp3+ regulatory T cell expansion in vivo and have focused on whether antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells are re-programmed to a tolerogenic, regulatory T cell inducing, phenotype following infection. (cam.ac.uk)

Whilst IFN-γ is typically considered to be a pro-inflammatory product of effector T cells, it has been also been demonstrated that IFN-γ −/− mice develop more severe EAE than wild type (WT) controls 5 , highlighting alternate, IFN-γ-dependant negative feedback mechanisms that can constrain EAE disease activity. (nature.com)
Dendritic cells (DC) are both widely dispersed in the body and are potent activators of effector immune response, which stresses their important role in HIV infection [1,2]. (jscimedcentral.com)

Kligman and others believed that neutrophils were the first immune cells involved in the follicular inflammation, and for many years neutrophils along with the pathogen Propionibacterium acnes ( P. acnes ) were regarded as the fundamental instigators of the inflammation in acne [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] More recent research refines our understanding of the pathophysiology of acne vulgaris and suggests a more complex pathophysiology than previously suspected. (escholarship.org)
In vitro studies demonstrate that IL-1α can be synthesized by sebocytes and follicular keratinocytes without the presence of microorganisms [ 8 , 9 ]. (escholarship.org)

However, in 1990, Jon A. Wolff demonstrated the idea of nucleic acid-encoded drugs by direct injecting in vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNA or plasmid DNA (pDNA) into the skeletal muscle of mice which expressed the encoded protein in the injected muscle. (wikipedia.org)
HK5.3 treatment of mice has been reported to lead to a loss of regulatory T cells. (bioxcell.com)
Regulatory T cells (Tregs), a subset of CD4(+) T cells, dramatically accumulate with age in humans and mice and contribute to age-related immune suppression. (bioxcell.com)
Next, we analyzed the gene expression profile of Tregs, naive T cells, and memory T cells in aged mice. (bioxcell.com)
Mice studies suggest that a CD8-response could facilitate memory cell formation and ameliorate chronic disease caused by HSV-1, but human blood does not have many HSV-1 specific CD8 + T-cells and very few CD8 epitopes have been identified. (vassar.edu)
For the last year, mice will be immunized and the activities of cytotoxic T cells and NK cells will be illustrated. (tmu.edu.tw)
The combination of astemizole and oxaliplatin was able to cure the majority of mice bearing orthotopic non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), then inducing a state of protective long-term immune memory. (bmj.com)
Fully human monoclonal antibodies are produced using transgenic mice that contain human immunoglobulin genes or using phage display (ie, a bacteriophage-based cloning method) of immunoglobulin genes isolated from human B cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Lymphoid lineage DCs primarily differentiate into plasmacytoid DCs and occupy approximately 0.5% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in humans [ 2 ], but the cell population percentage is unclear in horses. (biomedcentral.com)

Taken together, our results indicate that LV vectors can serve to design pDC-based vaccines in humans, and they are also useful in vitro to evaluate the immunogenicity of the vector preparations, and the specificity and safety of given promoters used in gene therapy protocols. (biomedcentral.com)

Karolina Palucka focuses mostly in the field of Immunology, narrowing it down to topics relating to Cytotoxic T cell and, in certain cases, LNCaP. (research.com)

The HK5.3 monoclonal antibody reacts with mouse ICOSL (inducible T cell co-stimulator ligand) also known as CD275, B7RP-1, and B7-H2. (bioxcell.com)
The HK5.3 antibody has been shown to block the binding of ICOSL to ICOS both in vitro and in vivo . (bioxcell.com)
The concepts of her Immune system study are interwoven with issues in Antibody and Cell biology. (research.com)
In both cases, the process usually begins as above with production of mouse hybridoma cells that make antibody to the desired antigen. (msdmanuals.com)
The resultant DNA is placed in a mammalian cell culture, which then expresses the resultant gene, producing the desired antibody. (msdmanuals.com)
Secondary B lymphopoiesis is an antigen-dependent process and occurs in the germinal center of peripheral lymphoid organs with specific antibody production. (medscape.com)
Centroblasts progress to centrocytes with high-affinity antibody production, and then they differentiate further to long-term memory cells and plasmablasts. (medscape.com)
The human immune system is capable of producing up to 10 9 different antibody species to interact with a wide range of antigens. (medscape.com)

We have used a murine model in which the TAA is β-galactosidase (β-gal) and a panel of recombinant vaccinia viruses (rVV) in which β-gal was expressed under early or late promoters at levels that varied over 500-fold during productive infections in tissue culture cells. (johnshopkins.edu)

This review focuses on the latest research showing a high redundancy of mechanisms regulating the activity of NK cells during viral infections and indicating their involvement in the adaptive immune response. (pbkom.eu)
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) suppresses cellular immune response by modulating the function of T cells and antigen-presenting cells. (usda.gov)
The adaptive immune response consists of T cell-mediated cellular immunity and B cell-mediated humoral immunity. (frontiersin.org)
T cells play a large role in the cellular immune response, while B cells are intimately involved in the humoral immune response. (frontiersin.org)
DCs comprise a family of antigen presenting cells that act like 'conductors' of the immune response in their capacity to orchestrate signals derived from the different parts of the immune system [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Several studies have shown that adipocytes highly express CD1d, which presents lipid antigens to invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and stimulates the activation of iNKT cells ( 5 - 7 ). (frontiersin.org)

Treatment of syngeneic tumors resulted in CD8 and PD-L1-dependent tumor rejection or growth inhibition and a reduction in myeloid cells endogenously expressing high levels of PD-L1. (elifesciences.org)
Finally, MIS416-mediated protection was shown to correlate with IFN-γ-dependant expansion of PDL-1-expressing peripheral myeloid cells, a subset of which was found to be selectively recruited to the brain. (nature.com)
Together, these findings provide insight into regulatory myeloid cell activities amplified by MIS416-mediated NOD-2 and TLR-9 signalling and highlight the potential importance of these cells in accessing the brain where they may act locally and contribute to the control of neuroinflammation. (nature.com)
This study aimed to determine the mechanisms by which MIS416-induced IFN-γ reduces disease severity in EAE and investigate the IFN-γ-dependent effects on disease-inducing auto-reactive CD4 T cells as well as the peripheral and CNS resident myeloid cells that are directly targeted by MIS416. (nature.com)

4,6,7 It has been proposed that some of these MSC may actually differentiate into functional renal tubular epithelial cells, though this theory remains controversial. (vin.com)
Loss of tissue is then repaired in a complex process that involves tissue-resident immune, stromal, and epithelial cells, as well as infiltrating immune cells [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
For example, we showed that the cationic dendrimeric peptide LTP not only exhibited antiviral properties against RSV, but was also able to transport nucleic acids into epithelial cells. (immunologiya-journal.ru)
We previously showed that upon nasal administration of the TLR5 agonist flagellin, lung epithelial cells are the driving force essential to promote the adjuvant effect to co-administered antigens. (ihes.fr)

T and Monocytes cells were purified from peripheral bloodstream mononuclear cells from healthy donors. (woofahs.com)

An mRNA molecule transfers a portion of the DNA code to other parts of the cell for making proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Background Most immunotherapies approved for clinical use rely on the use of recombinant proteins and cell-based approaches, rendering their manufacturing expensive and logistics onerous. (bmj.com)
This review summarizes some immunological factors involved in the development and control of this oral disease, such as: the participation of inflammatory cells in local inflammation, the synthesis of chemotaxis proteins with activation of the complement system and a range of antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins, cathelicidin and saposins. (bvsalud.org)

Intrathymic dendritic cell precursors promote human T-lineage specification via IRF8- driven transmembrane TNF. (rwth-aachen.de)
Finally, mononuclear cells isolated from lung (L-MCs), which are used as precursors for L-DCs, expressed more antigen-presenting cell-associated markers such as MHC class II and CD172α compared to their counterparts from blood. (biomedcentral.com)

INTRODUCTION: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a severe, chronic inflammatory arthritis, with a strong association to the human major histocompatibilty complex (MHC) class I allele human leucocyte antigen (HLA) B27. (northumbria.ac.uk)
Our data suggests that the behaviour of HLA-B27 on dendritic cells may be important in the study of inflammatory arthritis. (northumbria.ac.uk)
The inflammatory process which results in acne lesions is complex, involving interactions among multiple cell types and many soluble mediators. (escholarship.org)
Asthma results from complex interactions among inflammatory cells, their mediators, airway epithelium and smooth muscle, and the nervous system. (medscape.com)

Mesenchymal stem cells or mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are plastic adherent and assume a fibroblast-like morphology during culture. (vin.com)

While the identification of UL39 and UL46 are important steps in solving the public health issue posed by HSV-1, as is the identification of other CD8 + T-cell epitopes, perhaps the most significant part of the study is the implications of their novel research methods on the study of viral vaccines. (vassar.edu)
Therefore, a clearer understanding capsid expression was analyzed by immunofluorescent assay of WNV is necessary in order to identify new strategies to treat in HeLa, 293-T, RD, or SH-SY5Y cells by using anti-His tag or prevent this viral infection (3). (cdc.gov)
In a multivariable model, typical bacterial CAP was associated with pleural effusion (OR 7.3, 95% CI 4.7-11.2) and white blood cell 15 000/mL (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.2-4.9), and absence of wheeze (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.8) or viral detection (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.4). (cdc.gov)

Recently, we demonstrated that nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation is central to that process, as overexpression of IkappaBalpha blocks the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), an in vitro model of T-cell activation. (ox.ac.uk)

There are two main mechanisms in the adaptive immune system-humoral immunity and cellular immunity, which are mediated by antibodies and cells respectively. (frontiersin.org)

Previous attempts at vaccines most recently using the HSV glycoprotein D (gD2), have focused on CD4 + T-cell specific epitopes. (vassar.edu)
Jing et al' s work is significant because it harnesses properties originally used to study HSV-2 to identify HSV-1 epitopes recognized by CD8 + T-cells. (vassar.edu)
45 distinct CD8 + T-cell epitopes were identified. (vassar.edu)
Furthermore, the genomes of host responder cells were cloned, and HSV-1 epitopes were analyzed for HLA restriction. (vassar.edu)
We report here the use of two computer-based prediction algorithms, which are readily available in the public domain (Internet), to identify HLA-B7-restricted CTL epitopes for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). (elsevierpure.com)

Mechanistically, ikarugamycin turned out to act on DCs to inhibit hexokinase 2, hence stimulating their antigen presenting potential. (bmj.com)

The weak association of wildtype HLA-B*2705 with the transporter associated with antigen processing could also be enhanced by mutation of residues at position 114 and 116 in the peptide-binding groove to those present in the HLA-B*2706 allele. (northumbria.ac.uk)

Subsequently, a part of the exogenous naked mRNA or complexed mRNA will go through cell-specific mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy41

Organisms9

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs131

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes41

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care2

Professional antigen-prese6

Macrophages15

Monocyte-derived dendritic cells5

Immunotherapy16

Hematopoietic stem3

APCs11

Immunity with dendritic cell reprogramm3

Cytokines7

Molecules13

Lymphocytes7

Type 1 conventional dendritic cells1

Cytokine7

Receptors7

Foreign antigens2

Proliferation9

Presentation10

Maturation7

Human dendritic cells2

Differentiation6

Responses18

Primed antigen-specific1

Tumor cells6

Uptake4

Induce3

Flow cytometry2

Lymphoid tissues1

Immature3

Vaccine11

Induction2

Subsets5

Present antigen1

Activate2

Extracellular2

Blockade2

Pathways2

Pathogens2

Chimeric3

Conventional1

Cancer21

Spleen3

Receptor2

Tissues2

Phenotype1

Effector2

Follicular2

Mice8

Peripheral blood1

Humans1

Immunology1

Antibody8

Murine1

Immune response5

Invariant natural1

Myeloid4

Epithelial cells4

Monocytes1

Proteins3

Precursors2

Inflammatory4

Stromal cells1

Viral3

Lymphocyte1

Antibodies1

Epitopes5

Inhibit1

Peptide1

Mechanisms1