Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues. Medical search. Frequent questions

Human Adipose-derived Stem/Stromal Cells (ASCs) have been widely used in stem cell and obesity research, as well as clinical applications including cell-based therapies, tissue engineering and reconstruction. (edu.au)
Increased body fat can be present either as an overt overweight/obesity or fat redistributed into visceral organs and/or fat infiltrated into bone and muscle, which occurs especially with age and some chronic diseases [ 3 , 4 ]. (springer.com)
A major challenge in obesity treatment is that fat tissue, which is not continuous in the body but is found piece by piece in "depots," has been difficult to target in a depot-specific manner, pinpointed at the exact location. (scienceblog.com)
The aim of this study was to determine whether the mean size of fat cells in either visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissue has an impact on the metabolic and inflammatory profiles in morbid obesity. (nih.gov)
Hyperplasia (many small adipocytes) in both adipose regions may be protective against lipid as well as glucose/insulin abnormalities in obesity. (nih.gov)
9, 2021 A twin study indicates that the machinery responsible for energy handling in fat tissue is working poorly in obesity. (sciencedaily.com)
Exploring Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Secretomes in Human Obesity: Implications for Metabolic Disease. (harvard.edu)
Although not all studies are unanimous [ 11 - 13 ], most agree that this type of training is also a time-effective alternative to MICT, leading to higher weight loss, particularly visceral fat mass, and better improvement of the metabolic profile and cardiorespiratory fitness in people with obesity [ 14 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
were the first to demonstrate in obese mice and in humans with obesity that fat accumulation is positively associated with systemic oxidative stress, suggesting that the oxidative stress increase in people with obesity could be explained by reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction in adipose tissue [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
Insulin resistance and other features of the metabolic syndrome have been causally linked to adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in mice with diet-induced obesity. (diabetesjournals.org)
We aimed to characterize macrophage phenotype and function in human subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue in relation to insulin resistance in obesity. (diabetesjournals.org)
obesity="" markers="" both="" visceral="" general="" are="" independent="" determinants="" inflammation. (who.int)
We then discuss how obesity leads to insulin resistance via a complex interplay among systemic fatty acid excess, microhypoxia in adipose tissue, ER stress, and inflammation. (jci.org)
Inconsistency in findings may be due to the use of non-specific measures for obesity, such as body mass index (BMI) or percent body fat, which do not account for the physiological differences between adipose tissue depots. (ukbiobank.ac.uk)
Fat tissue located around the organs, known as visceral adipose tissue, has been associated with metabolic dysregulation (e.g., chronic inflammation, insulin resistance) often seen in obesity. (ukbiobank.ac.uk)
Visceral obesity is assumed to play the most important role in the first two mechanisms, but its role in estradiol metabolism is unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
Obesity is quantified with the body mass index (BMI), yet BMI does not reflect the fat distribution in the visceral abdominal volume (VAV) and subcutaneous abdominal volume (SAV). (biomedcentral.com)
Methods Circulating (n = 179) and hepatic expression (n = 95) of ghrelin and LEAP-2 were measured in patients with severe obesity and available liver pathology analysis undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). (unav.edu)
Background and aims: Adipose tissue (AT) secretes cytokines which contribute to systemic inflammation in obesity. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
26 120 180 ] Body mass index (BMI) has been widely used to indicate the level of obesity, though recent studies have found that abdominal or visceral adiposity (vs subcutaneous), as reflected in the waist-to-hip ratio or waist circumference, is a strong criteria for predicting the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (surgicalneurologyint.com)

The first paper , published today by Nature Nanotechnology , focuses on visceral adiposity, or belly fat. (scienceblog.com)
Our studies highlight an unexpected strategy to treat visceral adiposity and suggest a new direction of exploring cationic nanomaterials for treating metabolic diseases. (scienceblog.com)
Using gold standard measurement techniques and a randomised placebo-controlled design, this study showed that 12 weeks of omega-3 PUFA supplementation with a commonly employed dosage (just under 2g of fish oil per day) did not alter liver fat, aminotransferases, or visceral adiposity in overweight men. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) is an anthropometric index associated with visceral adiposity. (biomedcentral.com)
It remains relatively unknown whether SAD, as a manifest measure of visceral adiposity, differs by sex in the general population and in the subgroups defined by socio-economic characteristics. (biomedcentral.com)
Total adiposity, which was also measured by clinical CT scans, represented the sum of visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and intramuscular adipose tissue each individual patient carried. (medscape.com)
The mortality risk was highest among patients with both sarcopenia and high levels of total adiposity, among whom the relative risk for mortality was 89% higher than that in patients without sarcopenia and with low levels of total adipose tissue. (medscape.com)
Indeed, only patients in the highest tertile of total adipose tissue but without sarcopenia had a significantly higher risk for death by some 40% compared with those with low total adiposity without sarcopenia. (medscape.com)
in addition, loss of muscle tissue affects its validity as an indicator of adiposity in elderly people, regardless of changes in weight. (scielosp.org)
Recently genetic studies have identified 'favorable adiposity' gene variants that are associated with less visceral adipose tissue, greater subcutaneous adipose tissue, and better metabolic health. (ukbiobank.ac.uk)

No change was observed in the volume of abdominal visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments after supplementation. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments: association with metabolic risk factors in the framingham heart study. (scielosp.org)

Adipose tissue inflammation appears to be a risk factor for the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the effect of CKD on adipose tissue inflammation is poorly understood. (mdpi.com)
The purpose of this study was to clarify the involvement of uremic toxins (indoxyl sulfate (IS), 3-indoleacetic acid, p-cresyl sulfate and kynurenic acid) on CKD-induced adipose tissue inflammation. (mdpi.com)
In 80 morbidly obese women, mean visceral (omental) and subcutaneous fat cell sizes were related to in vivo markers of inflammation, glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. (nih.gov)
In morbidly obese women region-specific variations in mean adipocyte size are associated with metabolic complications but not systemic or adipose inflammation. (nih.gov)
We previously reported that the gut microbiota is involved in high-fat diet-induced metabolic endotoxaemia, adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic disorders. (bmj.com)
This effect was correlated with reduced glucose intolerance, body weight gain, fat mass development, lower inflammation, oxidative stress, and macrophage infiltration marker mRNA expression in visceral adipose tissue. (diabetesjournals.org)
Prostaglandins are hormone-like compounds produced in body tissue that help control blood pressure, smooth muscle activity, inflammation, glandular secretion, calcium movement, hormone regulation, and cell growth control. (bodybuilding.com)

Aging is associated with changes in body composition, revealed by reduction in lean mass, increase in fat mass and redistribution of these tissues in the body, with greater accumulation of intra-abdominal and intramuscular fat. (scielosp.org)
However, animal or mainly attributed to the accumulation ing prevalence of uncontrolled weight genetic studies, studies not relevant of intra-abdominal (visceral) fat ( 13 ). (who.int)

Adipose tissue is very metabolically flexible and the rate of whole body lipolysis is still insulin sensitive in late gestation. (gla.ac.uk)
Therefore the IR of adipose tissue could lead to a vicious cycle of increased lipolysis, increased FFA and further exacerbation of IR. (gla.ac.uk)
The hallmarks of impaired insulin sensitivity in these three tissues are decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into skeletal muscle, impaired insulin-mediated inhibition of hepatic glucose production in liver, and a reduced ability of insulin to inhibit lipolysis in adipose tissue. (jci.org)
These data provide important clinical evidence that sympathetic hyperactivity contributes to lipolysis in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues. (chromsystems.com)

In obese women, CD11c + ATM density was greater in subcutaneous than omental adipose tissue and correlated with markers of insulin resistance. (diabetesjournals.org)

Studies suggest that more calcium and vitamin D in your body may be linked to less visceral fat. (webmd.com)

There are two main kinds of fat: visceral fat, internal tissues that surround the stomach, liver, and intestines, and subcutaneous fat, found under the skin anywhere in the body. (scienceblog.com)
These findings, and the results of previous studies, suggest that while 1000 mg of EPA and DHA per day may be effective at reducing liver fat in those with overt non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, it may not be sufficient to recommend for the sole purpose of reducing hepatic and / or visceral fat in men who, while overweight and at increased risk of NAFLD, are otherwise apparently healthy. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
Researchers at the University of Sydney, The Heart Research Institute and the University of Newcastle conducted a clinical study to determine the effects of 12 weeks of fish oil supplementation versus placebo on quantified liver fat, liver tests and body composition, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT). (nutraingredients-usa.com)
This suggests that, while omega-3 PUFA at this dose may be effective at reducing liver fat in those with overt NAFLD, 1,000mg of EPA and DHA per day may not be sufficient to recommend for the sole purpose of reducing hepatic and / or visceral fat in men whom, while overweight and at increased risk of NAFLD, are otherwise apparently healthy. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
Liver, muscle, and intestine tissue samples were taken to measure mRNA expression of key genes involved in glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism. (frontiersin.org)
From these results, we make the hypothesis that in CS rats, CCK increased pancreatic secretion, which may favor a quicker absorption of carbohydrates and consequently induces an enhanced inhibition of lipid oxidation in the liver, leading to a progressive accumulation of fat preferentially in visceral deposits. (frontiersin.org)
Insulin resistance is defined as an inadequate response by insulin target tissues, such as skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue, to the physiologic effects of circulating insulin. (jci.org)
Water/fat imaging has the possibility of measuring both the adipose tissue volume in depots designated for fat storage and the fat and adipose tissue within organs or body parts such as the liver or skeletal muscle. (lu.se)

Tissue culture medium conditioned by CD11c + ATMs, but not CD11c − ATMs or other stromovascular cells, impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by human adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)

Subcutaneous fat tissue contributes more to the estradiol levels indicating that subcutaneous fat might be relevant in endometrial cancer carcinogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

The development of fat cells, which are produced from a tiny fibroblast-like progenitor, not only activates the fat cells' specific genes but also grows them by storing more lipids (adipocytes and adipose tissue). (scienceblog.com)
Large fat cells in the visceral region are linked to dyslipidaemia, whereas large subcutaneous adipocytes are important for glucose and insulin abnormalities. (nih.gov)

Visceral fat is fat that wraps around your abdominal organs deep inside your body. (webmd.com)
Researchers suspect that visceral fat makes more of certain proteins that inflame your body's tissues and organs and narrow your blood vessels. (webmd.com)
The relationship between the accumulation of adipose tissue within the different depots and organs of the body, and the risk of developing numerous diseases, has been investigated and established. (lu.se)

Osteoporosis, a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in bone fragility, occurs frequently, particularly in older women. (springer.com)
The postmortem examination showed marked subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue depletion, as well as moderate skeletal muscle loss, especially in the axial skeleton. (cdc.gov)
However, HIIT was more efficient than MICT in the skeletal muscle, whereas MICT was more efficient in epididymal adipose tissue. (hindawi.com)
The NAFLD group had higher hepatic fat ( P ±0.001) lower skeletal muscle IS ( P = 0.01), hepatic IS ( P = 0.01), and adipose tissue IS ( P = 0.04). (medscape.com)

This would potentially make a significant impact on total circulating FFA as almost 60% of circulating FFA are from these adipose depots. (gla.ac.uk)

Investigations developed with representative samples have shown that a significant correlation exists between BMI and other anthropometric indicators of non-visceral fat 6,7,8 , such as subscapular skinfold thickness (SST), triceps skinfold thickness (TST), and the measure of hip circumference (HC), as well as the measure of visceral fat, as evaluated by waist circumference (WC) 4 . (bvsalud.org)

Waist circumference (WC) does not distinguish visceral from subcutaneous adipose tissue, and hence cannot accurately reflect levels of visceral adipose tissue [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
when considering subcutaneous fat, the study found a strong correlation with waist circumference (WC) ( r =0.87 and r =0.88) and with body mass index (BMI) ( r =0.88 and r =0.83) in women and men, respectively. (scielosp.org)
Association between erosive esophagitis, FDG activity and anthropometric evaluation, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes were analyzed. (who.int)
heartburn="" positively="" oesophagus="" .262="" using="" multivariate="" regression="" analyses="" age="" .027="" total="" cholesterol="" level="" .003="" alcohol="" drinking="" .03="" subcutaneous="" adipose="" tissue="" bmi="" waist="" circumference="" were="" independently="" associated="" respective="" locations. (who.int)

Therefore the aim of this study was to explore the relation between BMI, visceral and subcutaneous fat volumes and serum levels of sex steroids and lipids in endometrial cancer patients. (biomedcentral.com)

The gene expression of relevant target genes and macrophage densities in each adipose depot by immunocytochemistry (ICC) was also performed. (gla.ac.uk)

Subcutaneous, but not visceral, adipocyte size was significantly associated with plasma insulin and glucose, insulin-induced glucose disposal and insulin sensitivity (p ranging from 0.002 to 0.005, partial r ranging from -0.34 to 0.35). (nih.gov)
In PE there is decreased insulin sensitivity of both SAT and VAT compared to controls as calculated by the fat cell insulin sensitivity index (or responsiveness to insulin once the tissue is stimulated by isoproterenol). (gla.ac.uk)

Compared with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from other tissues such as umbilical cord and bone marrow, isolation of ASCs from human white adipose tissue (WAT) has great advantages due to its rich tissue source and simple surgical procedure. (edu.au)

In addition, ectopic fat accumulation in the muscle promotes ROS production in this tissue [ 18 ]. (hindawi.com)

Visceral involvement in eosinophilic fasciitis is generally absent, a finding that helps differentiate eosinophilic fasciitis from systemic sclerosis and other differential considerations. (medscape.com)

In marasmus, most of the body's subcutaneous fat and deeper fat stores are lost, making the ribs, hips, facial bones, and spine visible through the skin. (msdmanuals.com)

Hepatic IS ( r = -0.42, P = 0.01) and adipose IS ( r = -.54, P = 0.001) correlated with arterial stiffness (AIx). (medscape.com)
Vascular stiffness was related to hepatic and adipose tissue insulin resistance. (medscape.com)

Visceral, but not subcutaneous, adipocyte size was significantly associated with plasma apolipoprotein B, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerols (p ranging from 0.002 to 0.015, partial r ranging from 0.3 to 0.4). (nih.gov)

However, estrogens circulate in the picomolar (10−12 M) range while androgens circulate in the nanomolar (10−9 M) to micromolar (10−6 M) range, and in accordance with this, estradiol is active as an estrogen in target tissues at approximately 1,000-fold lower concentrations than is testosterone. (wikipedia.org)
The affinities of estradiol for the ERs are high (around 0.1 nM), and there is a relatively low quantity of about 10,000 to 20,000 ERs in the cytoplasm per cell in estrogen target tissues. (wikipedia.org)

Given by subcutaneous injection in mice, estradiol is about 10-fold more potent than estrone and about 100-fold more potent than estriol. (wikipedia.org)

IFN-gamma activates tissue macrophages and T cells. (medscape.com)

WC represents accumulated abdominal fat and is strongly correlated with visceral adipose tissue. (scielosp.org)

In addition, CD11c + ATMs were enriched for mitochondria and for RNA transcripts encoding mitochondrial, proteasomal, and lysosomal proteins, fatty acid metabolism enzymes, and T-cell chemoattractants, whereas CD11c − ATMs were enriched for transcripts involved in tissue maintenance and repair. (diabetesjournals.org)
However, the role of the fatty acid composition (FAC) of the adipose tissue in various diseases is yet to be settled and understood. (lu.se)

Fat tissue constitutes 20 to 25% of human body weight being an energy storage container, in the form of triglycerides. (sciencedaily.com)
High-fat (HF) diets, when compared to high-carbohydrate (HC) diets, are more at risk to induce body weight gain because of the large storage capacities of adipose tissue and the low satiating effects of high fat diets, as compared to the low capacities of the glycogen stores and of the de novo lipogenesis cost ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
There's no way to know where and how much visceral fat is hidden in your body without expensive imaging tests . (webmd.com)
Meanwhile, fat tissue located directly under the skin in the abdomen and lower body regions, known as subcutaneous adipose tissue, is thought to contribute less to the metabolic dysregulation. (ukbiobank.ac.uk)
Therefore, this retrospective study explores the relationship of body mass index (BMI), visceral fat volume (VAV) and subcutaneous fat volume (SAV) and serum levels of sex steroids and lipids in patients with endometrial cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
The onset is usually insidious with the slow, progressive disappearance of subcutaneous fat involving the upper half of the body. (medscape.com)
In the human body, the excess of adipose tissue is involved, as it potentializes the development of cardiovascular, osteomuscular, and neoplastic pathologies 2,3 . (bvsalud.org)

Epididymal (visceral) and subcutaneous adipose tissue, gastrocnemius muscle, and plasma samples were collected to measure oxidative stress markers (advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)), antioxidant system markers (ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities), and prooxidant enzymes (NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities, myeloperoxidase content). (hindawi.com)
Metabolic markers were measured in fasting serum and ATMs characterized by immunohistology, flow cytometry, and tissue culture studies. (diabetesjournals.org)

The team of researchers, led by Li Qiang , associate professor of pathology and cell biology at CUIMC, and Kam Leong , Samuel Y. Sheng Professor of Biomedical Engineering and of systems biology at CUIMC, recognized that adipose tissue contains large amounts of negatively charged extracellular matrix (ECM) to hold fat cells. (scienceblog.com)
In general, the pathophysiology underlying eosinophilic fasciitis is postulated to involve an inflammatory response resulting in an activated inflammatory cell infiltrate of affected tissues and subsequent dysregulation of extracellular matrix production by lesional fibroblasts. (medscape.com)
[ 8 , 9 ] Therefore, the pathogenesis appears to involve the concomitant increase in the expression of genes for TGF-beta and extracellular matrix proteins in fibroblasts in the affected tissues. (medscape.com)

This suggests that oxidative stress responses to HIIT and MICT are tissue-specific. (hindawi.com)

Taken together, the findings of these studies suggest a mechanistic framework marked by a proinflammatory and fibrogenic cytokine response with resultant tissue inflammatory cell infiltration. (medscape.com)

This protocol has been utilized to isolate and characterize human ASCs from both subcutaneous and visceral WAT. (edu.au)

In this thesis, MR-based methods for in vivo FAC measurements were compared and validated against FAC quantification gas chromatography analysis of subcutaneous adipose tissue (Paper III). (lu.se)

Primary Human White Preadipocytes are isolated from adult subcutaneous or visceral adipose tissue. (promocell.com)

The proposed study aims to address the gaps in knowledge regarding the association between soft tissue and bone health by analyzing the relationship between fat distribution, lean mass, and bone outcomes (e.g., bone mineral density, fracture history). (ukbiobank.ac.uk)

A prolonged duration of binding to the ERs (e.g., 9 to 12 hours for endometrial effects), as with estradiol, is necessary for full estrogenic responses in various tissues. (wikipedia.org)

Fibroblasts from lesional tissue of patients with eosinophilic fasciitis produce excess collagen in vitro and display elevated TGF-beta and type 1 collagen mRNA levels when examined via in situ hybridization with specific cDNA. (medscape.com)

However, it is unknown whether visceral-AT (VAT) or subcutaneous-AT (SCAT) expression is related to serum levels of these cytokines in humans. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

Metabolic syndrome (syndrome X, insulin resistance) is a multifactorial disease with multiple risk factors that arises from insulin resistance accompanying abnormal adipose deposition and function. (medscape.com)

and (iii) the dramatic reductions to lymphocyte numbers and function 1-2 h after exercise reflects a transient and time-dependent redistribution of immune cells to peripheral tissues, resulting in a heightened state of immune surveillance and immune regulation, as opposed to immune suppression. (frontiersin.org)

Isolation of extracellular fluids reveals novel secreted bioactive proteins from muscle and fat tissues. (harvard.edu)

Primary human preadipocytes isolated from subcutaneous or visceral fatty tissue of individual donors. (promocell.com)
Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy type 2, the severest form of human lipodystrophy with an almost complete loss of adipose tissue, is due to loss-of-function mutations in the BSCL2/SEIPIN gene. (medscape.com)

This Cochrane review provides strong evidence that exercise programs ranging in duration from eight weeks to one year reduce A1C levels by approximately 0.6 percent, as well as reducing adipose tissue and triglyceride levels. (aafp.org)

Evidence of ongoing complement activation on adipose tissue was documented in a child with this syndrome. (medscape.com)

These pricey scans are the only way to check the exact amount of visceral fat you have. (webmd.com)

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two training modalities (moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT)) on the pro/antioxidant status of different tissues in obese Zucker rats. (hindawi.com)

Visceral adipose tissue area, mass and volume of fat inside abdominal cavity were measured at the approximate interspace location of L4 and L5 vertebra. (cdc.gov)

In the tissues, the end effector cell of fibrosis is the fibroblast. (medscape.com)

Anatomy30

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