• What causes damage to the 8th cranial nerve? (greatgreenwedding.com)
  • How do you test for the 8th cranial nerve? (greatgreenwedding.com)
  • CRANIAL NERVE 9 (GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL) AND CRANIAL NERVE 10 (VAGUS) CNs 9 and 10 work together to supply the musculature of the pharynx (mostly supplied by CN 10) and transmit visceral afferent information from vascular baroreceptors, and each nerve also has additional individual functions listed below. (greatgreenwedding.com)
  • How do you check cranial nerve 9 and 10? (greatgreenwedding.com)
  • What does the 9th cranial nerve control? (greatgreenwedding.com)
  • The glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX) is responsible for swallowing and the gag reflex, along with other functions. (greatgreenwedding.com)
  • Time for hypothesis testing: a lack of blood flow to certain soft tissues within the cranium may be the cause, specifically that area involving the eighth cranial nerve and inner ear. (drdavedecamillis.com)
  • The vagus nerve is the longest cranial nerve. (medscape.com)
  • The vagus nerve is joined by the cranial root of the accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI), just below the inferior ganglion. (medscape.com)
  • The motor fibers are contributed by cranial nerve XI. (medscape.com)
  • The vagus nerve (cranial nerve [CN] X) is the longest cranial nerve in the body, containing both motor and sensory functions in both the afferent and efferent regards. (medicalnotes.info)
  • The carotid sinus baroreceptors are innervated by the sinus nerve of Hering, which is a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX cranial nerve). (medicalnotes.info)
  • The aortic arch baroreceptors are innervated by the aortic nerve, which then combines with the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) traveling to the NTS. (medicalnotes.info)
  • The 9th cranial nerve. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
  • Stereotactic radiosurgery and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for the treatment of nonacoustic cranial nerve schwannomas. (jefferson.edu)
  • Preservation of cranial nerve function after treatment of acoustic neurinomas with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy. (jefferson.edu)
  • Symptoms of nerve injury include paresthesias, loss of sensation and position sense, impaired motor function, cranial nerve malfunction, changes in reflexes, and impairments in glandular secretion. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • cranial nerve for illus. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The components of the eighth cranial nerve (CN VIII) carrying axons that convey information regarding sound and balance between the spiral ganglion in the inner ear and the cochlear nuclei in the brainstem. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The auriculotemporal nerve is a tributary of the mandibular division of cranial nerve five, the trigeminal nerve. (tracks-movie.com)
  • Bilateral vocal fold (cord) paralysis (BVFP) refers to the neurologic causes of bilateral vocal fold immobility (BVFI) and specifically refers to the reduced or absent function of the vagus nerve or its distal branch, the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). (medscape.com)
  • History is essential, as this will reveal any recent surgical procedures that may have resulted in injury to the vagus or recurrent laryngeal nerves. (medscape.com)
  • Computed tomography (CT) scanning along the entire length of the vagus nerve from the skull base to the superior mediastinum may be necessary when no other cause of bilateral vocal fold (cord) immobility (BVFI) is identified. (medscape.com)
  • Gustatory (taste) sensation from the facial nerve (CN VII) via the chorda tympani (from anterior 2/3 of the tongue), glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) (from posterior 1/3) and vagus nerve (CN X) (from small area on the epiglottis). (wikipedia.org)
  • Chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors of the general visceral afferent pathway (GVA) from the carotid body and carotid sinus via (the carotid sinus nerve of) the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), and from aortic bodies and sinoatrial node via the vagus nerve (CN X). (wikipedia.org)
  • Chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors of the general visceral afferent pathway (GVA) with endings located in the heart, lungs, airways, gastrointestinal system, pharynx, and liver via the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. (wikipedia.org)
  • How do you test for vagus nerve damage? (greatgreenwedding.com)
  • To test the vagus nerve, a doctor may check the gag reflex. (greatgreenwedding.com)
  • If the person doesn't gag, this may be due to a problem with the vagus nerve. (greatgreenwedding.com)
  • The vagus nerve exits from the medulla oblongata in the groove between the olive and the inferior cerebellar peduncle. (medscape.com)
  • Connections of the vagus to the glossopharyngeal and accessory nerves. (medscape.com)
  • Course of the vagus nerve. (medscape.com)
  • The vagus nerve descends vertically within the carotid sheath posterolateral to the internal and common carotid arteries and medial to the internal jugular vein (IJV) at the root of the neck. (medscape.com)
  • It then inclines behind the hilum of the right lung and courses medially toward the esophagus to form the esophageal plexus with the left vagus nerve. (medscape.com)
  • Diagram of the vagus nerve demonstrating the different branches. (medscape.com)
  • It courses behind the root of the left lung and then deviates medially and downwards to reach the esophagus and form the esophageal plexus by joining the opposite (right) vagus nerve. (medscape.com)
  • Similarly, the posterior gastric nerve is formed mainly from the right vagus but contains fibers from the left vagus nerve. (medscape.com)
  • Because of the wide distribution of the nerve throughout the body, there are several clinical correlations of the vagus nerve. (medicalnotes.info)
  • The vagus nerve has its origin in the medulla oblongata and exits the skull via the jugular foramen. (medicalnotes.info)
  • the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) joins the vagus nerve just distal to the inferior ganglion. (medicalnotes.info)
  • The vagus nerve continues by traveling inferiorly within the carotid sheath where it is located posterior and lateral to the internal and common carotid arteries, and medial to the internal jugular vein. (medicalnotes.info)
  • Which receptor is innervated by nerves that combine with the vagus nerve? (medicalnotes.info)
  • The auricular branch of the vagus nerve is a sensory nerve emerging from the superior ganglion of the vagus nerve, joined by branches from the glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and facial nerves, and innervating the lower part of the tympanic membrane and the floor of the external auditory canal. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Such fibres are constituent elements of the facial, glosso-pharyngeal, and in some animals also the vagus cerebral nerves (Fig. 443), in connexion with the ganglia of which these epibranchial placodes are formed (Froriep and Streeter). (co.ma)
  • The somatic and visceral afferent fibers of the oropharynx are supplied by a plexus derived from the vagus, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • the inferior alveolar nerves innervate the lower teeth and gingivae. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The anterior superior alveolar nerves, branches of the infraorbital nerve (from CN V2), run in canals in the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus and innervate the upper incisors, canines, premolars, and often part of the first molar. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The posterior superior alveolar nerves (also from CN V2) innervate the rest of the upper molars. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • What does the lesser petrosal nerve innervate? (tracks-movie.com)
  • it forms part of a chain of nerves that innervate the lacrimal gland. (tracks-movie.com)
  • General visceral efferent fibers include preganglionic parasympathetic secretomotor fibers, which innervate lacrimal and seromucous glands in the nasal cavity and palate via the greater superficial petrosal nerve and sublingual and submandibular glands via the chorda tympani nerve. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • Cranial visceral afferents, which innervate the heart and lungs, synapse centrally onto neurons within the medial portion of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). (silverchair.com)
  • They travel to their corresponding side's inferior hypogastric plexus, where the preganglionic nerve fibers synapse with the postganglionic sympathetic neurons, whose fibers ascend to the superior hypogastric plexus, the aortic plexus and the inferior mesenteric plexus, where they are distributed to the anal canal. (wikipedia.org)
  • We also examined the neurochemical identity of 5-HT 1D -IR neurons with markers of primary afferent nociceptors, peripherin, isolectin B4, and substance P, and markers of myelinated afferents, N52 and SSEA3. (jneurosci.org)
  • We observed a striking similarity in the size, distribution, and neurochemical identity of 5-HT 1D -IR neurons in TRG and lumbar DRG afferents. (jneurosci.org)
  • Furthermore, the vast majority of 5-HT 1D -IR neurons are unmyelinated peptidergic afferents that distribute peripherally, including the dura, cornea, and the sciatic nerve. (jneurosci.org)
  • Electroacupuncture (EA) has been confirmed effectiveness in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and P2X 3 receptors in the peripheral and central neurons participate in the acupuncture-mediated relief of the visceral pain in IBS. (hindawi.com)
  • To reveal the neurobiological mechanism that P2X 3 receptor of colonic primary sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia of the lumbosacral segment is involved in the alleviation of visceral hypersensitivity by EA in an IBS rat model. (hindawi.com)
  • EA can regulate the P2X 3 receptor protein and mRNA expression levels in the colon and related DRG of IBS rats with visceral pain and then regulate the excitatory properties of DRG neurons. (hindawi.com)
  • Our previous clinical and animal studies have also confirmed the effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of IBS [ 11 - 13 ] and initially revealed that the P2X 2 , P2X 3 , and P2Y 1 receptors in the peripheral neurons of the colon and in central neurons participate in the acupuncture-mediated relief of the visceral pain in IBS. (hindawi.com)
  • Especially, P2X 3 receptors play an important role in mediating the occurrence and maintenance of pain in neurons of the intestinal myenteric plexus, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), spinal dorsal horn, prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex in a rat model of IBS with visceral hypersensitivity [ 14 ], and acupuncture can achieve visceral pain relief through purinergic receptors at different levels of the brain-gut axis. (hindawi.com)
  • The cell bodies for the general somatic afferent (GSA) (sensory) neurons are located in the trigeminal ganglion within the trigeminal canal. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • Somatic afferent neurons are unipolar neurons that enter the spinal cord through the dorsal root & their cell bodies are located in the dorsal root ganglia. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • One possible explanation for this difference is that 5-HT 1D receptors are preferentially expressed by cranial afferents of the trigeminal system. (jneurosci.org)
  • This numerical discrepancy may have distinct functional implications for how triptans modulate afferent activity and emphasizes the importance of knowing the neurochemical properties of the primary afferents bearing the triptan receptors. (jneurosci.org)
  • Numerous studies have shown that P2X receptors, mainly the P2X 3 and P2X 2/3 receptor subtypes, are involved in visceral pain signaling [ 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • However, there is still no electrophysiological evidence supporting the participation of P2X 3 receptors in the primary afferent sensory nerve of the colon in the EA-mediated inhibition of peripheral sensitization. (hindawi.com)
  • In this study, starting from the mechanism by which P2X 3 receptors in the colon and colon-associated DRG are involved in the EA-mediated alleviation of IBS visceral hypersensitivity, we investigated the acupuncture-mediated regulation of the peripheral sensitization of visceral pain to provide an experimental basis for the interpretation of the mechanism by which acupuncture relieves visceral pain. (hindawi.com)
  • Interstitial Cystitis: A Consequence of Weakened Uterosacral Ligaments Failing to Support Visceral Plexuses and Bladder Stretch Receptors, and Therefore Potentially Curable? (einj.org)
  • Fibers originating from the dorsal motor nucleus of X are efferent, general visceral (EGV) fibers which provide the involuntary muscle control of organs it innervates (cardiac, pulmonary, esophageal) and innervation to glands throughout the gastrointestinal tract. (medicalnotes.info)
  • Superior ganglion of X provides afferent general somatic innervation to the external ear and tympanic membrane. (medicalnotes.info)
  • Visceral pain often localizes to the midline because visceral innervation of abdominal organs is usually bilateral ( Flasar, 2006 ). (mhmedical.com)
  • The inferior alveolar nerve is responsible for sensory innervation to the gingivae on the lower jaw. (tracks-movie.com)
  • B. Posterior view of the course of the gluteal nerves. (osmosis.org)
  • The anterior and posterior gastric nerves are then formed from the esophageal plexus. (medscape.com)
  • The posterior auricular nerve is a motor branch of the facial nerve (CN VII) that innervates the posterior and intrinsic auricular muscles. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Anterior view of the autonomic nerves of the pelvis. (osmosis.org)
  • The nerves of the pelvis are divided into somatic and autonomic nerves. (osmosis.org)
  • Autonomic nerves of the pelvis include the sacral sympathetic trunks , which supply the lower limb . (osmosis.org)
  • The CMS effect may be associated with visceral-afferent neural traffic, as it is reduced in individuals with degeneration of afferent autonomic nerves. (uni.lu)
  • The solitary nucleus (also called nucleus of the solitary tract , nucleus solitarius, or nucleus tractus solitarii (SN or NTS) ) [1] [2] is a series of sensory nuclei (clusters of nerve cell bodies) forming a vertical column of grey matter in the medulla oblongata of the brainstem. (wikipedia.org)
  • The solitary nucleus projects to a large number of other regions of the brain including the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus , the central nucleus of the amygdala , as well as other nuclei in the brainstem (such as the parabrachial area , locus coeruleus , dorsal raphe nucleus , and other visceral motor or respiratory networks). (wikipedia.org)
  • Nerves with axons that conduct electrochemical impulses toward the central nervous system (CNS) are afferent, nerves with axons that conduct impulses away from the CNS are efferent, and nerves with both afferent and efferent axons are mixed. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The somatic afferents conduct impulses received from outside the body or produced by movements of the muscles and joints, those from the muscles and joints also being known as proprioceptive fibres. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • In this report, we present a patient with refractory superficial dyspareunia of unclear etiology, who was successfully managed with a bilateral pudendal nerve block. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
  • A bilateral pudendal nerve block alleviated the problem to three years follow-up. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
  • Is there help for pudendal nerve damage? (tracks-movie.com)
  • PNE normally is resolved by relief of any muscle or scar tissue that may be entrapping the pudendal nerve. (tracks-movie.com)
  • There are many facilities around the country that treat this condition and the treatment is massaging, dialators, etc. of the muscles that could be entrapping the pudendal nerve. (tracks-movie.com)
  • As labor progresses and the fetus descends in the birth canal, pain is also caused by vaginal and perineal distension transmitted via somatic afferent fibers traveling in the pudendal nerve to the S2 to S4 spinal cord segments. (mhmedical.com)
  • A painful stimulus in these organs is typically perceived as originating in the chest, but because afferent nerve fibers overlap in the dorsal ganglia, thoracic pain may be felt (as referred pain) anywhere between the umbilicus and the ear, including the upper extremities. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The gastric nerves supply all abdominal organs and the gastrointestinal tract ending just before the left colonic (splenic) flexure (see the images below). (medscape.com)
  • The visceral peritoneum (also called the serosa) covers surfaces of most abdominal organs. (slideserve.com)
  • The general visceral afferent (GVA) fibers conduct sensory impulses (usually pain or reflex sensations) from the internal organs, glands, and blood vessels to the central nervous system. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • Peripheral nerves have potential for self-repair, but it is a slow process that may take 3-4 months or longer. (greatgreenwedding.com)
  • This is because peripheral nerves continue to grow throughout a person's lifetime, which means there is a lot of room for regeneration and improvement. (tracks-movie.com)
  • The bladder and urethra are innervated by 3 sets of peripheral nerves arising from the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and somatic nervous system. (medscape.com)
  • Somatic pain stems from nerve afferents of the somatic nervous system, which innervates the parietal peritoneum, skin, muscles, and subcutaneous tissues. (mhmedical.com)
  • The sacral sympathetic nerves arise from the sacral part of the sympathetic trunk, emerging anteriorly from the ganglia. (wikipedia.org)
  • The upper thoracic spinal cord is rendered in longitudinal and cross section and enlarged six times to show dorsal and ventral nerve roots with ganglia as well as the blood supply. (wardsci.com)
  • Trpv1-/- rats lacked TRPV1 immunofluorescence in the dorsal root ganglia, had a delayed tail-flick response to hot but not cold water, and lacked an afferent renal nerve activity response to intrarenal infusion of the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin. (bvsalud.org)
  • The heart, lungs, esophagus, and great vessels provide afferent visceral input through the same thoracic autonomic ganglia. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It leaves the skull through the middle compartment of the jugular foramen, where it has upper and lower ganglionic swellings, which are the sensory ganglia of the nerve. (medscape.com)
  • The neuronal cell bodies of a nerve's axons are in the brain, the spinal cord, or ganglia, but the nerves run only in the peripheral nervous system. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Both types of afferent fibre project centrally from cell bodies in dorsal-root ganglia. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • This makes the nerve transmit pain signals that are experienced as stabbing pains. (greatgreenwedding.com)
  • Visceral afferents transmit conscious sensations (e.g., gut distention and cardiac ischemia) and unconscious visceral sensations (e.g., blood pressure and chemical composition of the blood). (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • A cutaneous nerve of the forearm. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Usually, the electrodes are initially placed on the skin over the painful area, but other locations (eg, over cutaneous nerves, trigger points, acupuncture sites) may give comparable or even better pain relief. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast, visceral pain stems from afferent fibers of the autonomic nervous system, which transmits information from the viscera and visceral peritoneum. (mhmedical.com)
  • The lesser petrosal nerve will distribute its parasympathetic post-ganglionic (GVE) fibers to the parotid gland via the intraparotid plexus (or parotid plexus), the branches from the facial nerve in the parotid gland. (tracks-movie.com)
  • [3] Additional minor GVA input from the nasal cavity, soft palate and sinus cavities enters via the facial nerve. (wikipedia.org)
  • Also, the involvement of the facial nerve, due to its proximity, should not be excluded during evaluation. (greatgreenwedding.com)
  • Trigeminal nerve injuries not only causes significant neurosensory deficits and facial pain, but can cause significant comorbidities due to changes in eating habits from muscular denervation of masticator muscles or altered sensation of the oral mucosa. (greatgreenwedding.com)
  • It communicates with branches of the seventh (facial) and ninth (glossopharyngeal) cranial nerves. (medscape.com)
  • the greater petrosal nerve, which comes from the facial nerve and runs through the hiatus on the anterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. (tracks-movie.com)
  • The nervus intermedius is the sensory and parasympathetic division of the facial nerve. (tracks-movie.com)
  • We compared the distribution of 5-HT 1D receptor-immunoreactive (5-HT 1D -IR) peripheral afferents within the trigeminal ganglion (TRG) and lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of the rat. (jneurosci.org)
  • it receives and relays stimuli related to taste and visceral sensation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1) channel is highly expressed in renal sensory nerves and detects changes in noxious and mechanosensitive stimuli, pH, and chemokines. (bvsalud.org)
  • The visceral afferent fibers that transfer these stimuli are sparse. (mhmedical.com)
  • The electrical stimuli on the skin preferentially activate low-threshold, myelinated nerve fibers. (medscape.com)
  • A nerve that conducts impulses toward the brain or spinal cord. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Also, visceral pain is typically localized by the brain's sensory cortex to an approximate spinal cord level that is determined by the embryologic origin of the involved organ. (mhmedical.com)
  • Pain in the first stage of labor is caused primarily by cervical dilation transmitted via visceral afferent fibers to the T10 to L1 spinal cord segments. (mhmedical.com)
  • The sacral sympathetic nerves contain a mix of preganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic fibers, but mostly preganglionic. (wikipedia.org)
  • It contains visceral afferent fibers coming from the taste buds of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and mucous membranes of the pharynx, nose, and palate. (tracks-movie.com)
  • The peritoneal cavity is the fluid-filled "space" between the visceral and parietal peritoneum. (slideserve.com)
  • A sensory branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3) It passes through the parotid gland en route to the ear, where it innervates skin of the pinna, external auditory canal, and tympanic membrane. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The pain of cervical dilation tends to be visceral and diffuse in nature. (mhmedical.com)
  • A somatic motor nerve originating in the abducens nucleus in the pons. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The pons relays afferent information from the bladder to higher brain centers, which in turn communicate with the periaqueductal gray matter, a relay station that collects higher brain center intput and processes this in order to signal the PMC to trigger or suppress the voiding reflex. (medscape.com)
  • Afferents of the SN mediate the gag reflex , the carotid sinus reflex, the aortic reflex, the cough reflex , the baroreflex and chemoreceptor reflexes, several respiratory reflexes and reflexes within the gastrointestinal system regulating motility and secretion. (wikipedia.org)