• Here, we use murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (γHV68) to demonstrate that ABCs remain elevated long-term during latent infection and express IFNγ and TNF. (nature.com)
  • To better understand the role of STAT3 during gammaherpesvirus latency and immune control, we utilized murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • Reactivation of the gammaherpesviruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) from latently infected B cells has been linked to plasma cell differentiation. (prelekara.sk)
  • 4. UsherwoodEJ, StewartJP, RobertsonK, AllenDJ, NashAA (1996) Absence of splenic latency in murine gammaherpesvirus 68-infected B cell-deficient mice. (prelekara.sk)
  • cis-Acting RNA packaging locus in the 115-nucleotide direct repeat of Rous sarcoma virus. (org.ua)
  • Efficiency and selectivity of RNA packaging by Rous sarcoma virus Gag deletion mutants. (org.ua)
  • Expression of Rous sarcoma virus-derived retroviral vectors in the avian blastoderm: potential as stable genetic markers. (org.ua)
  • During this time, Ebert started to study the relationship between muscle cell differentiation and the propensity to infection in the Rous sarcoma virus. (asu.edu)
  • Cancers associated with the oncogenic gammaherpesviruses, Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus, are notable for their constitutive activation of the transcription factor STAT3. (bvsalud.org)
  • Immunological recognition of commensal microbes, such as bacterial species resident in the gut or lung as well as dormant viral species, i.e., cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), in combination with a balanced immune regulation, is central to achieve immune-protection. (frontiersin.org)
  • Chronic infections, particularly those which are primarily characterized by an asymptomatic intracellular life cycle, e.g., latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI), hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, Chlamydia trachomatis infection, cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections, present a unique premise to decipher the fine balance between protective host immune responses, immunopathology and full-fledged clinical disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist R848 alters the immune tumor microenvironment and enhances SBRT-induced antitumor efficacy in murine models of pancreatic cancer. (rochester.edu)
  • Intertumoral Genetic Heterogeneity Generates Distinct Tumor Microenvironments in a Novel Murine Synchronous Melanoma Model. (rochester.edu)
  • Co-administration of a clinically relevant dexamethasone dosage with ablative radiotherapy reduces peripheral lymphocytes but does not alter in vivo intratumoral lymphocyte phenotype or inhibit efficacy of radiotherapy in a murine colorectal tumor model. (rochester.edu)
  • The molecular biology of RNA tumor virus. (org.ua)
  • Friend leukemia virus integration 1 (FLI1), an ETS transcription factor family member, acts as an oncogenic driver in hematological malignancies and promotes tumor growth in solid tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses ( PROVIRUSES ) or PROPHAGES of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and then released as infectious viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • Effects of GaAs-laser combined with radiotherapy on murine sarcoma depends on tumor size. (thelifelight.info)
  • Distinct segments within the enhancer region collaborate to specify the type of leukemia induced by nondefective Friend and Moloney viruses The nondefective Moloney and Friend murine leukemia viruses induce T-cell lymphomas and erythroleukemias, respectively, after being injected into newborn NFS mice. (temple.edu)
  • Disease specificity of nondefective Friend and Moloney murine leukemia viruses is controlled by a small number of nucleotides Moloney murine leukemia virus induces T cell lymphomas after injection into NFS mice, whereas the nondefective Friend virus induces erythroleukemias. (temple.edu)
  • The cells are useful producing MSV pseudotypes with various ecotropic and xenotropic murine leukemia viruses. (cls.shop)
  • Using a recombinant γHV68 that is cleared following acute infection, we show that ABCs persist in the absence of latent virus, though their expression of IFNγ and TNF is decreased. (nature.com)
  • In this study we examine the response of and role for ABCs throughout γHV68 infection, from acute infection through long-term latency. (nature.com)
  • We predict that ABCs could be playing a role throughout γHV68 infection due to their long-term persistence, activation of T cells, and continuous cytokine and antibody production. (nature.com)
  • AAV belongs to the Parvoviridae family and Dependovirus genus, whose members require co-infection with a helper virus such as adenovirus to promote replication, and AAV establishes a latent infection in the absence of a helper. (justia.com)
  • Infectious causes of glomerulonephritis included streptococcal infections, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and hepatitis viral infections, both hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis B (HBV). (medscape.com)
  • Humanized Rag2−/−γc−/− (RAG-hu) mice can sustain long-term chronic HIV-1 infection lasting more than a year. (byu.edu)
  • Israel Guerrero-Arguero, Taalin Rasmussen Hᴓj, E. Shannon Tass, Bradford K. Berges, Richard Robison, A Comparison of Chikungunya Virus Infection, Progression, and Cytokine Profiles in Human U937 and Murine RAW Monocyte Derived Macrophages , 2020. (byu.edu)
  • B cell and antibody responses in mice induced by a putative cell surface peptidase of Pneumocystis murina protect against experimental infection. (lsuhsc.edu)
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Host Defense in the Lungs. (lsuhsc.edu)
  • Approximately 80% of FHV-1 infected cats develop a latent infection and serve as reservoirs for the virus. (vin.com)
  • The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). (lookformedical.com)
  • Silent neonatal influenza A virus infection primes systemic antimicrobial immunity. (resist-cluster.de)
  • Immunological scars after cure of hepatitis C virus infection: Long-HepC? (resist-cluster.de)
  • Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ( AIDS ) is a deficiency of cellular immunity brought on by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and characterized by a range of opportunistic diseases and infections. (mpkb.org)
  • Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection and immunoblastic sarcoma in a fatal case of AIDS. (mpkb.org)
  • Moreover, The use of animals as surrogate rine host, can provide a platform for animal models for tumour viruses in hosts for the study of human tu- in vivo infection. (who.int)
  • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can be inhibited by means of RNA silencing or interference (RNAi) using synthetic short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or gene constructs encoding short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) or long hairpin RNAs (lhRNAs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In order to solve this problem, we constructed an HIV-1 variant with a 300 bp long hairpin structure in the 3' part of the genome corresponding to the Nef gene (HIV-lhNef). (biomedcentral.com)
  • An alternative method to inhibit HIV-1 is the use of gene constructs encoding HIV-1-specific long hairpin RNAs (lhRNAs, transcripts folding an extended hairpin structure) or long double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs, two complementary transcripts that form an extended duplex). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The closely related N-ras gene has been detected in human neuroblastoma and sarcoma cell lines. (edu.au)
  • ISSN= ------>authors_c= ------>score=500 ------>journal_name=Nuclear Medicine and Biology ------>paper_name=In vitro evaluation of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase reporter system in dynamic studies of transcriptional gene regulation. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • confirm_date=20090923 ------>tch_id=085041 ------>pmid=16843840 ------>page1=653 ------>fullAbstract=The herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-TK) reporter system is being used to directly and indirectly monitor therapeutic gene expression, immune cell trafficking and protein-protein interactions in various living animals. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • To achieve this purpose, we established two tetracycline-inducible murine sarcoma cell lines, tetracycline-turn-off HSV1-tk-expressing cell line (NG4TL4/tet-off-HSV1-tk) and tetracycline-turn-off Luc-expressing cell line (NG4TL4/tet-off-Luc), to create an artificially regulated gene expression model in vitro. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Therefore, a long half-life radionuclide is not suitable for dynamic gene expression studies. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • SCI_JNo=None ------>authors2_c= ------>publish_area=0 ------>updateTitle=In vitro evaluation of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase reporter system in dynamic studies of transcriptional gene regulation. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • [19] Benchaibi M, Mallet F, Thoraval P, Savatier P, Xiao JH, Verdier G, Samarut J, Nigon V. Avian retroviral vectors derived from avian defective leukemia virus: role of the translational context of the inserted gene on efficiency of the vectors. (org.ua)
  • Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • In addition to the expected leukemia, the mice that received the plasma developed solid tumors (soft-tissue sarcomas), primarily in the spleen (1). (promegaconnections.com)
  • We find that mice without ABCs display defects in anti-viral IgG2a/c antibodies and are more susceptible to reactivation of γHV68 following virus challenges that typically do not break latency. (nature.com)
  • Expression directed from HIV long terminal repeats in the central nervous system of transgenic mice. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • However, infected CD19cre/+Stat3f/f mice exhibited disordered germinal centers and heightened virus-specific CD8 T cell responses compared to WT littermates. (bvsalud.org)
  • A 171-base-long fragment of Moloney virus, including just the direct repeat, converted Friend virus to a virus that induced primarily lymphomas (about 85% of mice injected). (temple.edu)
  • Oral Immunization of Mice with Live Pneumocystis murina Protects against Pneumocystis Pneumonia. (lsuhsc.edu)
  • This is the first study describing the production and distribution of ETS-1 and ETS-2 mRNAs and proteins using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in murine ocular tissue sections of normal control eyes and tumoral eyes from mice of the same age. (molvis.org)
  • Interestingly, many of the same pathways are also targeted in mice by miRNAs encoded by murine viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
  • For instance, mice are able to reconstitute most lymphomas in monkeys and humans woodchuck hepatitis virus induces major components of the human provides strong support for a direct hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) haematolymphoid system including oncogenic role of EBV in vivo. (who.int)
  • Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)
  • Feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) is a DNA virus that produces mainly upper respiratory tract disease in cats. (vin.com)
  • Despite available vaccines and the labile nature of the virus, FHV-1 is wide-spread in the feline population. (vin.com)
  • KIT has also gone by several other names including c-kit , v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog, stem cell factor receptor, mast cell growth factor receptor, and CD117 . (creation.com)
  • We have previously shown that the MHV68 M2 protein is important for virus reactivation from B cells and, when expressed alone in primary murine B cells, can drive B cell differentiation towards a pre-plasma cell phenotype. (prelekara.sk)
  • Stable Levels of Long-Term Transgene Expression Driven by the Latency-Associated Transcript Promoter in a Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Vector. (byu.edu)
  • Virus latency. (lookformedical.com)
  • There are known instances of viruses using their endogenous miRNAs to target their own genes to evade host immune system's surveillance and maintain latency (Figure 1c ) [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • c) Virus encoded miRNAs target viral genes to mediate immune evasion or maintenance of latency. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Family of retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (ras) originally isolated from Harvey (H-ras, Ha-ras, rasH) and Kirsten (K-ras, Ki-ras, rasK) murine sarcoma viruses. (edu.au)
  • A few years later, Werner Kirsten at the University of Chicago observed similar results working with mouse erythroblastosis virus (MEV) (2). (promegaconnections.com)
  • This cell line was derived from the HOS cell line (TE-85) by transformation using Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (Ki-MSV). (cls.shop)
  • The present disclosure provides adeno-associated virus (AAV) virions with altered capsid protein, where the AAV virions exhibit greater infectivity of retinal cells compared to wild-type AAV. (justia.com)
  • Although these escape variants lost the ability to trans-inhibit HIV-1, they effectively outgrew the wild-type virus in competition experiments in SupT1 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several antiviral approaches using extended lhRNA and long dsRNA molecules have been reported in plant and insect cells that lack the innate antiviral IFN response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, expression of M2 in primary murine B cells leads to secretion of high levels of IL-10 along with enhanced proliferation and survival. (prelekara.sk)
  • In primary murine B cells, addition of cyclosporine (CsA) resulted in a significant decrease in M2-induced IL-10 levels as well as IRF4 expression, emphasizing the importance of the NFAT pathway in M2- mediated induction of IL-10. (prelekara.sk)
  • Murine Gammaherpesvirus M2 Protein Induction of IRF4 via the NFAT Pathway Leads to IL-10 Expression in B Cells. (prelekara.sk)
  • On the other hand, the results of an efflux assay of [(131)I] FIAU and [(3)H] GCV revealed that the molecular probe phosphorylated by HSV1-TK can be trapped long term within HSV1-TK stably transformed cells. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Replication-defective vectors of reticuloendotheliosis virus transduce exogenous genes into somatic stem cells of the unincubated chicken embryo. (org.ua)
  • It defends against a constant barrage of external threats - bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens - and, as I've recently learned, protects against an intrinsic threat: cancerous cells. (massgenomics.org)
  • Process of growing viruses in live animals, plants, or cultured cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • Cells carry the Ki-MSV genome but do not produce infectious virus particles or viral antigens. (cls.shop)
  • Viruses depend upon the molecular machinery of the cells they infect. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This segment included the direct repeat sequence and an adjacent GC-rich region of about 20 nucleotides defined in studies of Moloney murine sarcoma virus enhancer-promoter function (L. A. Laimins, P. Gruss, R. Pozzatti, and G. Khoury, J. Virol. (temple.edu)
  • The direct repeats of Friend and Moloney viruses are identical in a central core sequence of 32 nucleotides but have sequence differences on either side of this core as well as in their GC-rich segments. (temple.edu)
  • To determine whether disease specificity resides in part or in all of the direct repeat and GC-rich region, we constructed recombinants between Friend and Moloney viruses within this segment and tested them for their disease-inducing phenotypes. (temple.edu)
  • We found that disease specificity, in particular the ability of Friend virus sequence to confer erythroleukemogenicity on Moloney virus, is encoded throughout the region in at least three separable segments: the 5' and 3' halves of the direct repeat and the GC-rich segment. (temple.edu)
  • Thus, although sequences outside the enhancer region are minor determinants of disease specificity when the enhancer is derived entirely from either Friend or Moloney virus, they can play a significant role when the enhancer is of mixed origin. (temple.edu)
  • This was particularly striking when the 5' halves of each copy of the direct repeat sequence were derived from Moloney virus and the 3' halves were derived from Friend virus. (temple.edu)
  • To more precisely identify the sequences responsible, we constructed additional recombinants, within U3, between Friend and Moloney viruses and assayed these recombinants for for their disease specificity. (temple.edu)
  • We found that a fragment 191 bases long that included the direct repeat (enhancer) region plus 22 nucleotides to its 3' side from Friend virus was sufficient to convert Moloney virus to a virus that induced only erythroleukemias. (temple.edu)
  • We also constructed Moloney and Friend virus variants with one rather than two copies of the enhancer element. (temple.edu)
  • Together the results suggest that 25 or fewer nucleotide differences, lying within and also just 3' of the direct repeat, are the primary determinant of the distinct disease specificities of nondefective Friend and Moloney viruses. (temple.edu)
  • In 1963, Jennifer Harvey was studying Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV) at the cancer research department of the London Hospital Research Laboratories. (promegaconnections.com)
  • This problem is theoretically prevented by intracellular expression of lhRNAs generating multiple siRNAs that target the virus simultaneously, thus reducing the chance of viral escape. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Effects of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein on the expression of inflammatory cytokines. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • These in vitro, and their expression in these human tumour virus. (who.int)
  • Structural insights into hepatitis C virus neutralization. (resist-cluster.de)
  • This therapy would be effective in treating diseases caused by cancerous pathogens such as the hepatitis B and C viruses (liver cancer), human papilloma viruses (cervical, anal and genital cancers)and helicobacter pylori (stomach cancer). (thelifelight.info)
  • Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide, but donor-derived transmission to organ recipients has been reported in the literature only twice previously. (cdc.gov)
  • These genomic sequences contained a mutation later shown to be responsible for the development of sarcomas, and the word "oncogene" became a common part of the vocabulary in cancer publications during the early 1980s (4). (promegaconnections.com)
  • Harvey's discovery led to the naming of the corresponding rat sarcoma oncogene as HRAS, while Kirsten's related oncogene was named KRAS. (promegaconnections.com)
  • Among the ETS family members, Friend leukemia virus integration 1 ( FLI1 ) was first identified as a proto-oncogene activated by proviral integration in F-MuLV-induced erythroleukemias [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, most of these have acquired inactivating mutations during host DNA replication and are no longer capable of producing the virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, HIV-lhNef demonstrated a severe production and replication defect, which we were able to solve by selecting spontaneous virus variants with truncated hairpin structures. (biomedcentral.com)
  • I oversee collection of samples for the LSUHSC COVID 19 Biorepository and am the lead LSUHSC site PI for the NIH-funded Recover Study of subjects with long COVID symptoms. (lsuhsc.edu)
  • [18] Cosset FL, Legras C, Thomas JL, Molina RM, Chebloune Y, Faure C, Nigon VM, Verdier G. Improvement of avian leukosis virus (ALV)-based retrovirus vectors by using different cis-acting sequences from ALVs. (org.ua)
  • CD73 and PD-L1 dual blockade amplifies antitumor efficacy of SBRT in murine PDAC models. (rochester.edu)
  • The long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences that flank ERV genomes frequently act as alternate promoters and enhancers, often contributing to the transcriptome by producing tissue-specific variants. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ras genes are widely conserved among animal species and sequences corresponding to both H-ras and K-ras genes have been detected in human, avian, murine, and non-vertebrate genomes. (edu.au)
  • Previous studies showed that sequences encompassing the viral transcriptional signals in U3 are the primary determinant of this phenotype in recombinants between these two viruses. (temple.edu)
  • In the context of previous findings, the data presented here provides insights into how M2 facilitates plasma cell differentiation and subsequent virus reactivation. (prelekara.sk)
  • MS is characterized by nerve fiber damage in the central nervous system (CNS) and can be caused by exposure to bacteria or viruses. (cbdclinicals.com)
  • Development of an Orthotopic Murine Model of Rectal Cancer in Conjunction With Targeted Short-Course Radiation Therapy. (rochester.edu)
  • Among the biological agents re- because species specificity limits the causes lymphoproliferative diseas- viewed in Volume 100B of the IARC feasibility of this approach for most of es in New World monkeys and in Monographs (IARC, 2012) are sever- these viruses. (who.int)
  • Widespread Correction of Lysosomal Storage in the Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VII Mouse Brain with a Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Vector Expressing [beta]-Glucuronidase. (byu.edu)
  • Virus diseases caused by the HERPESVIRIDAE. (lookformedical.com)
  • A general term for diseases produced by viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • Viral co-infections (including Epstein-Barr virus, Human Herpes Virus 6, etc.) are found in all the diseases the Marshall Protocol treats, but the viruses are not believed to bethe proximate cause of disease. (mpkb.org)
  • Some recombinant enhancers conferred a long latent period of disease induction. (temple.edu)
  • These viruses retained their disease specificity, although they exhibited a marked increase in the latent period of disease induction. (temple.edu)
  • Alcohol consumption increases susceptibility to pneumococcal pneumonia in a humanized murine HIV model mediated by intestinal dysbiosis. (lsuhsc.edu)
  • Viruses also encode miRNAs and there is evidence to suggest that virus-encoded miRNAs target specific host genes and pathways that may be beneficial for their infectivity and/or proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we show that for several of the 135 known viral miRNAs in human viruses, the human genes targeted by the viral miRNA are enriched for specific host pathways whose targeting is likely beneficial to the virus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our analysis further suggests that human viruses have evolved their miRNA repertoire to target specific human pathways, such as cell growth, axon guidance, and cell differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL). (lookformedical.com)
  • Given that viral miRNAs continue to be discovered as technologies evolve, we extended the investigation to 6809 putative miRNAs encoded by 23 human viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human immunodeficiency virus Vpr product is a virion-associated regulatory protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • In the world of oncology, the protein known as p53 has long proven itself to be a primary target of interest. (promegaconnections.com)
  • The foamy virus family: molecular biology, epidemiology and neuropathology. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response. (lookformedical.com)
  • Treatment with intranasal iloprost reduces disease manifestations in a murine model of previously established COPD. (lsuhsc.edu)
  • A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily ALPHAHERPESVIRINAE, consisting of herpes simplex-like viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • In previous studies, we showed that the distinct disease specificities of the two viruses could be switched by exchanging a small segment, about 200 nucleotides in length, encompassing their enhancer regions. (temple.edu)
  • Cold agglutinins commonly have variable heavy-chain regions encoded by VH, with a distinct idiotype identified by the 9G4 rat murine monoclonal antibody. (medscape.com)
  • Proteins found in any species of virus. (lookformedical.com)
  • The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS , but whose true origin is unknown. (lookformedical.com)
  • For this reason, the infect humans, this virus can infect cordance between humans and ex- question about tumour site concor- several other species - including perimental animals. (who.int)
  • For other human tumour virus- primate species are related to the hu- tween data in humans and in experi- es, the use of humanized severe man tumour viruses, the incidence of mental animals is not obvious. (who.int)
  • However, except non-primate species often do not mour viruses is often problematic, for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which accurately reflect the mechanism of Part 1 · Chapter 9. (who.int)