Virus replication and virus protein. Medical search. Frequent questions

These genes encoded the viral DNA polymerase (UL30), a single-strand-specific DNA binding protein (UL29), a double-stranded DNA binding protein (UL42) and four less well understood functions (UL5, UL8, UL9 and UL52). (gla.ac.uk)
During replication, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex binds to the antisense or leading strand, producing new viral RNA. (pediaa.com)
Transmission studies showed that the H1N1 virus genes encoding acidic polymerase and nonstructural protein made the H5N1 virus transmissible by respiratory droplet between guinea pigs without killing them. (nih.gov)
The genome of EBOV encodes seven viral structural proteins: one glycoprotein, one nucleoprotein, one RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and four virion proteins. (cdc.gov)
Cumulatively, these data identify novel mechanisms by which EBOV regulates its polymerase expression, demonstrate their relevance to virus replication and identify a potential therapeutic target. (scienceopen.com)
In particular, termination of replication of hepatitis B virus is achieved by introducing into a target cell an antisense oligonucleotide having a sequence substantially complementary to an mRNA which is in turn complementary to a portion of the minus strand of a hepatitis viral genome, which portion encoding solely part or all of the terminal protein region of the viral polymerase. (nih.gov)
15. Cyclin T1/CDK9 interacts with influenza A virus polymerase and facilitates its association with cellular RNA polymerase II. (nih.gov)
Polymerase selectivity is a prime determinant of fidelity at the replication fork and also during DNA synthesis associated with repair. (nih.gov)
the replicating polymerase of one virus replicates a portion of the other virus by mistake, incorporating it into its genome. (forbes.com)
In this study, we focus on RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRP), a nonstructural protein also known as Nsp12, which is the central enzyme for viral replication [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)

In addition to the structural proteins, the RV genome encodes six nonstructural proteins (NSPs) that function in viral replication. (medscape.com)
Positive sense RNA virus is a type of single-stranded RNA virus whose genetic material is viral mRNA that encodes for proteins. (pediaa.com)
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) encodes three accessory proteins, NS6, NS7 and NS7a. (nih.gov)
Each block of three nucleotides, called codons, in the mRNA sequence encodes for a specific amino acid , the building blocks of a protein. (encyclopedia.com)

Finally, the virus is released from the cell, and the HIV protein called protease cleaves newly synthesized polyproteins to create a mature infectious virus. (nih.gov)
Upon infection, the polyproteins encoded for the viral replication are translated. (pediaa.com)
POLYPROTEINS to produce functional proteins and enzymes. (nih.gov)
Then the host ribosomes translate the viral RNA into two giant protein chains (polyproteins). (lightsources.org)
The replication process begins when the host's ribosomes translate the replication genes into two gigantic protein chains called polyproteins. (lightsources.org)

Genome replication and assembly of core and double-layer particles occur in the viroplasms. (medscape.com)
Our findings revealed a hitherto under-explored connection between satRNA genome replication and movement within a host plant. (frontiersin.org)
New SARS-CoV-2 variants emerge because of errors during viral genome replication. (eurasiareview.com)

The goal is to understand how protein-protein interactions involving CP can manage a relatively fast actin polymerization response to cellular stimuli. (nih.gov)
nsp15 localizes to sites of RNA replication, but whether it acts independently or requires additional interactions for its function remains unknown. (nih.gov)
The strong association of nsp15 with replication complexes and interactions with replicative CoV enzymes suggest nsp15 is involved in CoV replication. (nih.gov)
These data and tools developed in this study help elucidate the function of nsp15 during infection and may be used to uncover other novel viral protein interactions. (nih.gov)
Adenovirus (AdV) capsid organization is considerably complex, not only because of its large size (~950 Å) and triangulation number ( pseudo T = 25), but also because it contains four types of minor proteins in specialized locations modulating the quasi-equivalent icosahedral interactions. (mdpi.com)
however, several accessory proteins have been shown to exhibit functions in virus-host interactions during CoV infection. (nih.gov)
Their findings, published in the journal Nature Communications , provide information about the mechanistic steps and molecular interactions that initiate viral replication, which can be used to inform antiviral therapeutic development for COVID-19, as well as other conditions for which MPro may be responsible. (lightsources.org)
The eradication of HCV will require improved access to diagnosis and treatment, an enhanced understanding of virus-host interactions, and the development of an effective vaccine. (cshlpress.com)
Using biophysical methods, Schuck and his colleagues found out that when the N protein interacts with nucleotides of sufficient length, it adopts a shape that promotes interactions with other proteins. (nih.gov)
Targeting interactions between the N protein and its binding partners might be a viable way to inhibit the viral replication of SARS-CoV-2, Schuck said. (nih.gov)

Chalcones from Angelica keiskei (ashitaba) inhibit key Zika virus replication proteins. (ncsu.edu)
Sensitivity test results, expressed as the concentration of amantadine required to inhibit by 50% the growth of virus (ED 50 ) in tissue culture vary greatly (from 0.1 mcg/mL to 25.0 mcg/mL) depending upon the assay protocol used, size of virus inoculum, isolates of influenza A virus strains tested, and the cell type used. (nih.gov)

2004 . Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by GB virus C infection through increases in RANTES, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and SDF-1 . (ajtmh.org)
Immunoblotting demonstrated that ZIKV infection inhibited mTORC1 signaling, enhancing autophagy but obstructing protein translation. (nih.gov)
Drugs or siRNA for interfering with mTOR signaling molecules were utilized to demonstrate that AKT/TSC2/mTORC1 signaling was involved in ZIKV infection and that autophagy promoted ZIKV production, but viral protein expression was regulated by mTORC1 signaling. (nih.gov)
The H9N2 virus poses a substantial infection risk to poultry ( 2 ) and has infected pigs and humans ( 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)
Recently, it is the hotspot to study the relationship between miRNA regulation and virus infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, we found that nsp15 interacted with RTC-associated proteins nsp8 and nsp12 during infection, and this interaction was RNA independent. (nih.gov)
Despite structural and biochemical data demonstrating that the coronavirus nsp15 protein contains an endoribonuclease domain, its precise function during coronavirus infection remains unknown. (nih.gov)
Utilizing this tag, we established that nsp15 localized to sites of replication but not sites of assembly throughout infection. (nih.gov)
Understanding the basic biology, such as replication of the geminiviruses expands the scope of the development of antiviral strategies to target the viral infection. (biomedcentral.com)
The functions of pUL135 and pUL138 proteins are antagonistic, epistatically linked, and the balance between pUL135 and pUL138 regulates viral infection and latency. (arizona.edu)
A review in the journal Molecular & Cellular Proteomics on hepatitis C viruses and others in its family surveys the viral life cycle and how proteomics studies have contributed to our knowledge of protein dynamics in hepatitis infection. (asbmb.org)
The mutant virus also exhibited decreased viral RNA synthesis as early as 6 hours post-infection and enhanced sensitivity to the stress inducer thapsigargin. (scienceopen.com)
Roles of ESCRT Proteins ALIX and CHMP4A and Their Interplay with Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15 during Tick-Borne Flavivirus Infection. (oru.se)
Analysis of the Langat Virus Genome in Persistent Infection of an Ixodes scapularis Cell Line. (oru.se)
The adaptive immune response to influenza virus infection is multifaceted and complex, involving antibody and cellular responses at both systemic and mucosal levels. (nature.com)
Immune responses to natural infection with influenza virus in humans are relatively broad and long-lived, but influenza viruses can escape from these responses over time owing to their high mutation rates and antigenic flexibility. (nature.com)
A better understanding of how natural infection induces broad and long-lived immune responses will be key to developing next-generation influenza virus vaccines. (nature.com)
The evolutionary pressure exerted by antibody responses (together with other factors and random events), mostly from natural infection, forces the virus to change its surface antigens, usually by introducing point mutations, in a process known as antigenic drift . (nature.com)
16. Transfer of the UAP56 interaction motif of human cytomegalovirus pUL69 to its murine cytomegalovirus homolog converts the protein into a functional mRNA export factor that can substitute for pUL69 during viral infection. (nih.gov)
In the case of HSV-2 ACAM-529, this is actually a genetically modified version of the HSV-2 virus, and thus ACAM-529 actually infects cells in the human body, but is unable to spread / propagate the infection (and thus is unable to cause disease). (scienceblog.com)
One protein in the giant chain, called MPro, cleaves the chain into smaller proteins, which help create more viruses and, therefore, more infection. (lightsources.org)
Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV), a bloodborne pathogen. (cshlpress.com)
Latent infection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with many human cancers. (wisconsin.edu)
To beat the virus, researchers first need to understand how patients like Damian recover from a coronavirus infection. (abc.net.au)
In case the mutations reduce recognition of the spike protein by antibodies, such variants become more adept at spreading among people with preexisting immunity due to vaccination or past infection. (eurasiareview.com)
The surface of SARS-CoV-2 is covered with multiple copies of a large glycosylated spike (S) protein, which binds to the host cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a first step in the infection process [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)

In particular, he wants to improve the ability of NMR to study protein complexes in their proper context, i.e. as part of multi-component systems in complex lipid environments. (nih.gov)
Coronavirus (CoV) replication and transcription are carried out in close proximity to restructured endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes in replication/transcription complexes (RTC). (nih.gov)
Green represents the inner capsid of VP2 with the replication complexes (VP1 and VP3) shown in red. (medscape.com)

To begin to address these questions, we created an in situ tagged form of nsp15 using the prototypic CoV, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV). (nih.gov)
An electron micrograph of hepatitis C virus is shown in figure 1 . (pediaa.com)
Ebola virus, Rabies virus, mumps virus, influenza virus, and hepatitis D virus are examples of negative sense RNA viruses. (pediaa.com)
We recently reported that Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA replication requires one or more geranylgeranylated host proteins. (elsevierpure.com)
In 2010, the Journal of Biological Chemistry unveiled a thematic series of reviews that showcases advances in understanding the hepatitis C virus. (asbmb.org)
A French research team exploring the molecular basis by which hepatitis C virus induces diabetes reported recently in the Journal of Biological Chemistry that a canonical signaling pathway is disrupted in the liver of infected mice, impairing glucose uptake and leading to insulin resistance. (asbmb.org)
Researchers at the Cleveland Clinic discovered that the core protein of hepatitis C virus depends on the lipid droplet scaffold protein perilipin 3 to form a viral lipid envelope and trigger fatty liver disease. (asbmb.org)
Hepatocytes infected with hepatitis B virus shed exosomes containing viral proteins and RNA. (asbmb.org)
A paper published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry last year (authored by researchers at the pharmaceutical giant Merck) explored the structural basis for the different potency of two hepatitis C virus protease inhibitors against resistant mutants. (asbmb.org)
The hepatitis B virus can evade normal immune systems. (asbmb.org)
German researchers used fluorescent labeling, flow cytometry and FRET to establish the first protein-protein interaction network in hepatitis C virus proteins. (asbmb.org)
TBC1D20 is a Rab1 GTPase-activating protein that mediates hepatitis C virus replication. (medlineplus.gov)
Here we follow in real time, at a resolution of two base pairs and 20 ms, the RNA translocation and unwinding cycles of a hepatitis C virus helicase (NS3) monomer. (nature.com)
Kolykhalov, A. A., Mihalik, K., Feinstone, S. M. & Rice, C. M. Hepatitis C virus-encoded enzymatic activities and conserved RNA elements in the 3′ nontranslated region are essential for virus replication in vivo . (nature.com)
Pang, P. S., Jankowsky, E., Planet, P. J. & Pyle, A. M. The hepatitis C viral NS3 protein is a processive DNA helicase with cofactor enhanced RNA unwinding. (nature.com)
Levin, M. K., Gurjar, M. & Patel, S. S. A Brownian motor mechanism of translocation and strand separation by hepatitis C virus helicase. (nature.com)
Hepatitis Delta Virus is a defective ssRNA virus in an unclassified family that is affectionately referred to as a viral parasite because of its inability to replicate without the presence of Hepatitis B virus in the host. (stanford.edu)

It was considered very likely that one of these latter four genes would encode the protein which binds specifically to oriS. (gla.ac.uk)
These included analysis of origin binding activity induced by ts mutants with defects in DNA synthesis at the non-permissive temperature and transfection of tissue culture cells with fragments encoding individual replication genes. (gla.ac.uk)
HSV-1 tsK recombinants which express individual replication genes UL5, UL8, UL9 or UL52 at the non-permissive temperature were available in the laboratory. (gla.ac.uk)
In Bangladesh, subtype H9N2 viruses are unique reassortants, containing genes from highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N3) viruses. (cdc.gov)
MMR proteins also participate in signaling apoptosis following DNA damage, preventing mutagenic recombination, promoting meiotic recombination and modulating somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes and the stability of misaligned repetitive DNA sequences. (nih.gov)
Genes are expressed when the chromosome uncoils with the help of enzymes called helicases and specific DNA binding proteins. (encyclopedia.com)

This study aimed to investigate the functional role of mTOR signaling in ZIKV replication in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. (nih.gov)
The protein-DNA complex obtained with extracts from cells infected with the tSK/UL9 recombinant virus exhibited a smeared binding pattern of lower mobility than previously seen with extracts from cells infected with wt HSV-1. (gla.ac.uk)
We characterized an H9N2 virus from a pet market in Bangladesh and demonstrated replication in samples from pet birds, swine tissues, human airway and ocular cells, and ferrets. (cdc.gov)
Our findings is the first to reveal that miR-3470b as a novel host factor regulates BEFV replication via directly targeting the MAVS gene in BHK-21 cells and may provide a potential strategy for developing effective antiviral therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
[ 6 ] Undifferentiated tissue culture cells appear to release virus by lysis, whereas polarized cells appear to release virus from the apical surface without lysis. (medscape.com)
The glycoprotein is the only transmembrane surface protein of the virus and is critical for attachment to host cells and cell membrane fusion ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
The TBC1D20 gene provides instructions for making a protein that helps regulate the activity of other proteins called GTPases, which control a variety of functions in cells. (medlineplus.gov)
When active, RAB18 is involved in a process called vesicle trafficking, which moves proteins and other molecules within cells in sac-like structures called vesicles. (medlineplus.gov)
The protein also appears to play a role in a process called autophagy, which helps clear unneeded materials from cells. (medlineplus.gov)
The TBC1D20 protein also appears to play a role in the copying (replication) of viruses in infected cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Analysis of GTPase-activating proteins: Rab1 and Rab43 are key Rabs required to maintain a functional Golgi complex in human cells. (medlineplus.gov)
72:3412-3417, 1998), we observed that the removal of the p6 domain of Gag as well as drastic mutations in the PTAP motif resulted in reduced virion-associated Pol proteins from transfected COS cells. (nih.gov)
the virus was replication competent in Jurkat cells but restricted in H9 cells and primary blood-derived monocytes. (nih.gov)
Mutant virions produced from H9 cells, which displayed no defect in extracellular virion production, showed an approximately 16-fold reduction in Pol protein levels, whereas the levels of Pol proteins were only marginally reduced in mutant virions produced from Jurkat cells. (nih.gov)
Moreover, DNMT3A and TET2 are the top two proteins mutated in clonal hematopoiesis, a disease of aging in which certain clones of blood stem cells expand more than others. (mlo-online.com)
The compound also increased survival and reduced the levels of virus in cells infected by Sindbis virus, chikungunya virus and West Nile virus. (nih.gov)
The compound inhibited HIV-1 replication in cells as well. (nih.gov)
Strikingly, mutating two nucleotides outside of previously-defined protein coding and cis-acting regulatory sequences attenuated virus growth to titers 10-100-fold lower than a wild-type virus in Vero and A549 cells. (scienceopen.com)
We study how RNA viruses interact with their host cells and transform them into viral manufactories. (weizmann.ac.il)
We tackle key questions including: How enteroviruses that express only a handful of proteins take control of human cells with complex protein machineries? (weizmann.ac.il)
and (5) CD8+ T-cells, which can directly interact with virus-infected cells by (a) killing virus-infected cells or (b) secreting cytokines that directly suppress virus replication. (scienceblog.com)
When SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, enters a person's cells, it hijacks those cells to make more viruses. (lightsources.org)
Induction of lytic replication of EBV may lead to destruction of these tumor cells. (wisconsin.edu)
Like all viruses, SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, relies on the cells it infects to reproduce. (nih.gov)
A new study sheds light on the importance of certain modifications made by the host cell to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which the virus uses to enter human cells. (nih.gov)
These modifications, known as S-acylation, appear to be critical for the virus' ability to infect cells. (nih.gov)
SARS-CoV-2 uses its spike protein to enter human cells and start viral replication. (nih.gov)
Most of the spike protein sticks out from the surface of the virus, allowing it to recognize and bind to proteins on the surface of the human cells that the virus infects. (nih.gov)
The NICHD-led team sought to determine the extent to which S-acylation of SARS-CoV-2 spike occurs and its potential impact on the virus' ability to infect human cells. (nih.gov)
In human cells, the zDHHC family of 23 membrane-embedded enzymes carries out S-acylation of both human and viral proteins. (nih.gov)
This attention is well-deserved - the spike protein is essential for latching on to cells and infecting a host, and the three FDA-authorized vaccines against COVID-19 focus on the spike protein. (nih.gov)
The spike binds to a receptor on the surface of healthy cells, and the virus slips quietly inside. (abc.net.au)
The security guards are white blood cells - they fight the virus. (abc.net.au)
They latch onto cells infected with the virus and kill them. (abc.net.au)
In yeast, epigenetic information is lost over time due to the relocalization of chromatin-modifying proteins to DNA breaks, causing cells to lose their identity, a hallmark of yeast aging. (researchgate.net)
DNA is the genetic material of all cells and contains information necessary for the synthesis of proteins. (encyclopedia.com)
We have learned that protease is a key regulator for the virus to unleash its machinery and hijack the human cells," Dolsten says. (knau.org)
They had to test each compound to see how well it prevented the virus from infecting cells in the lab. (knau.org)
It is released by HIV infected cells in order to enhance replication of the virus. (proteopedia.org)
[6] When the protein enters non-infected cells, the transcription efficiency increases. (proteopedia.org)
Early studies indicated that HIV TAT primarily entered cells through transduction, meaning that the protein directly crossed the cell membranes. (proteopedia.org)
[20] Studies also showed that FACS could not tell the difference between internalized cells and those proteins that were only bound to the cellular membranes. (proteopedia.org)
Cellular uptake studies performed at 4°C and under conditions of ATP depletion show that a small percentage of CPPs can enter cells and also suggests that a majority of the protein enters cells through energy dependent pathways. (proteopedia.org)
The virus enters the human cells by endocytosis, and this is followed by the release of viral RNA, replication of the RNA, synthesis of proteins, the formation of mature virions, and the release of the virus particles from the host cells [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)

Geminiviruses replicate via rolling circle replication. (biomedcentral.com)
This RNA contains all the instructions the virus needs to replicate. (lightsources.org)
The SARS-CoV-2 RNA includes instructions for four proteins that make up the virus's structure-its spike protein, protective coating, and the like-and sixteen proteins that replicate the virus. (lightsources.org)
While the initial invasion of a virus into a host is certainly an important step in the viral lifecycle, once inside the cell, the virus must replicate to survive. (nih.gov)
In particular, they looked for proteins crucial for the virus to replicate once it infected someone. (knau.org)

The NS7 protein is extensively distributed in the mitochondria and may be involved in various cellular processes such as cytoskeleton networks and cell communication, metabolism, and protein biosynthesis. (nih.gov)
For example, several repair processes operate prior to DNA replication to remove the many types of DNA damage generated by endogenous cellular metabolism or exposure to the environment. (nih.gov)

When these were tested, only the tsK/UL9 recombinant virus expressed origin binding activity at the non-permissive temperature. (gla.ac.uk)
The vaccine contains rice-derived recombinant human serum albumin and contains live attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus. (cdc.gov)
The recombinant virus was created by replacing the gene encoding the glycoprotein of the vesicular stomatitis virus strain Indiana with the gene encoding the glycoprotein of the EBOV-Kikwit 1995 strain. (cdc.gov)
To directly address the role of the L uAUG in virus replication, a recombinant EBOV was generated in which the L uAUG was mutated to UCG. (scienceopen.com)
While less than 1,000 identified cases are confirmed to be the XE variant, genomic comparison between XE and its parental viruses shows that the new recombinant is 9.8% more transmissible than BA.2, a modest increase but a significant one. (forbes.com)

Because of its essential role in viral assembly and replication, the N protein is a promising immunological target for anti-COVID-19 strategies. (nih.gov)

Replication follows the dsDNA bidirectional replication model. (wikipedia.org)

The outermost capsid layer in contact with the environment contains the spike protein VP4 and the capsid glycoprotein VP7. (medscape.com)
The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, employs its spike protein to enter a human cell. (lightsources.org)
The spike protein (red) protrudes from the viral surface (blue). (nih.gov)
Schematic illustration of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (red) highlighting the S-acylation sites identified in this study (green). (nih.gov)
While scientists have extensively studied the external part of the SARS-CoV-2 spike, little is known about the small portion of spike that resides internally within the virus. (nih.gov)
The interior portion of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein harbors many possible sites for S-acylation. (nih.gov)
They then prepared a set of pseudoviruses-disabled viruses bearing the SARS-CoV-2 spike and spike variants engineered to lack S-acylation sites. (nih.gov)
Of all the proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (the pathogen that causes COVID-19), the spike protein is the one that gets the most attention. (nih.gov)
It has a key - the spike protein. (abc.net.au)
Thus, the virus acquires mutations that change the viral proteins, including the surface protein, spike, the central target of the antibody response. (eurasiareview.com)
BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5 (the spike protein of the latter two subvariants is identical) are becoming dominant in several countries and BA.5 is largely responsible for the recent uptick of cases in Germany. (eurasiareview.com)
Because Pfizer's pill isn't affected by changes in the spike protein, Dolsten says he expects the new drug will work equally well against any variant of the coronavirus, including omicron. (knau.org)

The current data indicate that geranylgeranylated FBL2 binds to NS5A in a reaction crucial for HCV RNA replication. (elsevierpure.com)
The scientists explored the role of Tat-beclin 1 in the cell and found that it binds to a protein called GAPR-1. (nih.gov)
What's more, when the N protein binds with multiple copies of itself and long stretches of oligonucleotides, it can condense into highly concentrated droplets that are thought to ultimately enable the formation of ribonucleoprotein particles. (nih.gov)
There, the mRNA molecule binds to a ribosome (also composed of RNA) and initiates protein synthesis. (encyclopedia.com)

Scholars@Duke publication: IRES-targeting small molecule inhibits enterovirus 71 replication via allosteric stabilization of a ternary complex. (duke.edu)
HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is an RNA virus-meaning that its genome consists of a single RNA molecule that makes viral proteins. (nih.gov)
The chain of amino acids forms the protein molecule. (creation.com)

Tenofovir inhibits the replication of HSV clinical isolates in human embryonic fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and organotypic epithelial 3D rafts, decreases HSV replication in human lymphoid and cervicovaginal tissues ex vivo, and delays HSV-induced lesions and death in topically treated HSV-infected mice. (nih.gov)
Amantadine inhibits the replication of influenza A virus isolates from each of the subtypes, i.e. (nih.gov)

A capsid containing the virus's genome and proteins then enters the cell. (nih.gov)
To recount, recombination is the exchange of one portion of a virus's viral genome for another during the replication process. (forbes.com)

This is the first and only vaccine currently licensed by the Food and Drug Administration for the prevention of Ebola virus disease (EVD). (cdc.gov)
On December 19, 2019, the rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP Ebola vaccine (Ervebo), a replication-competent, live attenuated vaccine was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the prevention of Ebola virus disease (EVD) caused by Ebola virus species Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) in adults aged ≥18 years. (cdc.gov)
Filoviruses (Ebola and Marburg viruses) are emerging zoonotic pathogens that cause lethal hemorrhagic fever in humans and have the potential to be employed as bioterrorism agents. (scienceopen.com)
Development of a Multivalent Kunjin Virus Reporter Virus-Like Particle System Inducing Seroconversion for Ebola and West Nile Virus Proteins in Mice. (oru.se)
Our Lab focuses on investigation of the mechanisms of the high pathogenicity of viruses Ebola, Marburg and Lassa and development of vaccines and antibody treatments against these viruses. (utmb.edu)
Investigation of dysregulated immune response to Ebola virus at epigenetic level. (utmb.edu)

It forms a stable immunoprecipitable complex with the HCV nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A). (elsevierpure.com)
This lies in nonstructural protein (NSP) 6. (forbes.com)

HIV-1 TAT , or simply Tat, is a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gene that regulates transcription of HIV dsRNA. (proteopedia.org)

Enhanced Seroconversion to West Nile Virus Proteins in Mice by West Nile Kunjin Replicon Virus-like Particles Expressing Glycoproteins from Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus. (oru.se)
Pandemics are typically caused by viruses that feature surface glycoproteins - haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) - to which the human immune system is relatively naive. (nature.com)
In 2009, a seasonal H1N1 virus was circulating in humans, but the incoming pandemic H1N1 virus had antigenically distinct H1 and N1 surface glycoproteins 6 . (nature.com)

One viral protein they focused on is called a protease. (knau.org)
Pfizer scientists thought if they could find a compound that would disrupt the protease, it would essentially stop the virus dead in its tracks. (knau.org)
They made computer models of the viral protease protein and assembled drug candidates that might block it. (knau.org)
Protease isn't the only viral protein that might lead to a viable treatment. (knau.org)

Satellite RNAs (satRNAs) are molecular parasites that depend on their non-homologous helper viruses (HVs) for essential biological functions. (frontiersin.org)
We use diverse approaches to solve the virus puzzle, including state-of-the-art microscopy (confocal, high-resolution and electron microscopy), molecular, cell biology and biochemical approaches, virus assays and more. (weizmann.ac.il)
14. Cyclins B1, T1, and H differ in their molecular mode of interaction with cytomegalovirus protein kinase pUL97. (nih.gov)
The simplicity of our molecular replication system, compared with biological organisms, allows us to examine evolutionary phenomena with unprecedented resolution. (creation.com)
Based on molecular docking studies of the drugs either currently available in the market or in clinical trials against other viruses, several drugs, including ribavirin, remdesivir, sofosbuvir, tenofovir, and galidesivir have been proposed as potent drugs against SARS-CoV-2 as these compounds bind tightly with RdRP [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)

RNA viruses including corona, zika and dengue are a major threat to human health. (weizmann.ac.il)
We determined the frequency of different serotypes of dengue virus to highlight its hyperendemicity in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. (who.int)
Nous avons déterminé la fréquence des différents sérotypes du virus de la dengue pour mettre en évidence son hyperendémicité à Rawalpindi (Pakistan). (who.int)
Les échantillons de sérum de 140 patients susceptibles d'avoir contracté le virus de la dengue ont été analysés entre mai et octobre 2015 à l'aide du test ELISA et de l'amplification en chaîne par polymérase multiplexe. (who.int)

The shell of the capsid disintegrates and the HIV protein called reverse transcriptase transcribes the viral RNA into DNA. (nih.gov)
The virion capsid is composed of six structural proteins arranged in three concentric capsid layers. (medscape.com)
The middle capsid layer is composed of VP6, the major protein of the virus. (medscape.com)
The schematic shows the locations of the structural proteins in a triple layer capsid. (medscape.com)
Following a multistep entry process, the outer capsid of the virus is removed and the resulting double-layer particle becomes transcriptionally active. (medscape.com)
They consist of a DNA or RNA genome covered by a protein capsid . (pediaa.com)

The invention relates to methods and compositions for inhibition of viral replication. (nih.gov)
However, inhibition was less efficient as compared to that measured for a virus that circulated early during the pandemic, and inhibition of BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5 was less efficient as compared to BA.1 and BA.2. (eurasiareview.com)

Arrows indicate the location of the structural proteins in the mature virion. (medscape.com)
Transient Expression of Flavivirus Structural Proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana . (oru.se)
The amino acid residues preceding the SARS-CoV-2 polyprotein cleavage site between non-structural proteins nsp10 and nsp11 are shown in yellow. (lightsources.org)

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) genome contains two distinct origins of viral DNA replication of related sequence. (gla.ac.uk)

It appears to mainly prevent the release of infectious viral nucleic acid into the host cell by interfering with the function of the transmembrane domain of the viral M2 protein. (nih.gov)
Energetic and structural features of SARS-CoV-2 N-protein co-assemblies with nucleic acids. (nih.gov)

AC3 is a geminiviral protein conserved across all the begomoviral species and is postulated to enhance viral DNA replication. (biomedcentral.com)
The enhancement of AC1-mediated ATPase activity might lead to increased viral DNA replication. (biomedcentral.com)

High replication fidelity depends on the ability of DNA polymerases to select correct, rather than incorrect, nucleotides for incorporation into DNA without adding or deleting nucleotides. (nih.gov)

Using reverse genetics, we systematically created 127 reassortant viruses between a duck isolate of H5N1, specifically retaining its hemagglutinin (HA) gene throughout, and a highly transmissible, human-infective H1N1 virus. (nih.gov)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous 21-23 nt small non-coding RNA molecules that binding to a multiple of target mRNAs and functioning in the regulation of viral replication including the miRNA-mediated antiviral defense. (biomedcentral.com)

Additionally, the target association between miR-3470b and mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) was predicted by target gene prediction tools and further validated using a dual-luciferase reporter assay, and the expression of MAVS mRNA and protein levels was negatively associated with miR-3470b levels. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, the miR-3470b mimic transfection significantly contributed to increase the BEFV N mRNA, G protein level and viral titer, respectively, whereas the miR-3470b inhibitor had the opposite effect on BEFV replication. (biomedcentral.com)
The main difference between positive and negative sense RNA virus is that positive sense RNA virus consists of viral mRNA that can be directly translated into proteins whereas negative sense RNA virus consists of viral RNA that is complementary to the viral mRNA . (pediaa.com)
The replication of the single-stranded RNA leads to the formation of RNA duplex which in turn is transcribed into single-stranded positive genomic mRNA. (pediaa.com)
Negative sense RNA virus refers to a type of single-stranded RNA virus whose genetic material is the antisense strand of the viral mRNA. (pediaa.com)
Hence, the negative strand RNA viruses consist of a genome that is complementary to the viral mRNA. (pediaa.com)
Negative sense RNA virus is a type of single-stranded RNA viruses whose genetic material is the antisense strand of the viral mRNA. (pediaa.com)
5. pUL69 of Human Cytomegalovirus Recruits the Cellular Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 6 via a Domain That Is Crucial for mRNA Export and Efficient Viral Replication. (nih.gov)
7. Phosphosite Analysis of the Cytomegaloviral mRNA Export Factor pUL69 Reveals Serines with Critical Importance for Recruitment of Cellular Proteins Pin1 and UAP56/URH49. (nih.gov)
8. Characterization of the betaherpesviral pUL69 protein family reveals binding of the cellular mRNA export factor UAP56 as a prerequisite for stimulation of nuclear mRNA export and for efficient viral replication. (nih.gov)
10. Cytomegaloviral protein kinase pUL97 interacts with the nuclear mRNA export factor pUL69 to modulate its intranuclear localization and activity. (nih.gov)

They began by exploring how an HIV protein called Nef blocks autophagy by interacting with the cellular protein beclin 1. (nih.gov)
The presence of the uORF is important for optimal virus replication, because a mutant virus lacking the upstream reading frame replicates less efficiently than a wildtype virus, an attenuation which is more pronounced following the induction of cellular stress. (scienceopen.com)
In response to environmental stresses, a family of protein kinases phosphorylate eIF2 (eukaryotic initiation factor 2) to alleviate cellular injury or alternatively induce apoptosis. (scienceopen.com)
Observing individual mechanistic cycles of these motor proteins is central to understanding their cellular functions. (nature.com)
Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) are proteins with the ability to cross cellular membranes and facilitate the uptake of various cargo, such as small molecules, protiens, antibodies, siRNA, and small DNA fragments. (proteopedia.org)

S-acylation, in which fatty acids are attached to proteins, can be crucial for a protein's function. (nih.gov)

Fragments of the UL9 gene were therefore expressed as fusion proteins in Escherichia coli and the C-terminal 317 amino acids were found to bind specifically to HSV oriS , indicating that sequence-specific recognition and binding activities resided within the C-terminal 1/3 of the protein. (gla.ac.uk)
In this work we have successfully expressed and purified the AC3 fusion proteins from E. coli . (biomedcentral.com)

Avian influenza A(H9N2) virus is endemic among poultry throughout Eurasia ( 1 - 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Its evolution is continually monitored by the World Health Organization ( http://www.who.int/influenza/vaccines/virus/201502_zoonotic_vaccinevirusupdate.pdf?ua = 1 ). (cdc.gov)
This mixture of birds and mammals, some for which little associated influenza pathogenesis data exists, provided a unique opportunity to study the ecology, host range, and transmission potential of H9N2 virus. (cdc.gov)
Oropharyngeal shedding of influenza A(H9N2) virus isolate A/environment/Bangladesh/9306/2010 (Env/9306) by pet birds and chickens, Bangladesh. (cdc.gov)
In the past, avian influenza viruses have crossed species barriers to trigger human pandemics by reassorting with mammal-infective viruses in intermediate livestock hosts. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, inactivated influenza virus vaccines focus on the induction of systemic IgG responses but do not effectively induce mucosal IgA responses. (nature.com)
Influenza viruses cause mild to severe respiratory infections in humans and are a major public health problem. (nature.com)
According to the World Health Organization, seasonal influenza viruses - including the H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A viruses, as well as influenza B viruses - cause approximately 3-5 million severe cases and 290,000-650,000 deaths each year worldwide 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
The morbidity and mortality associated with these pandemics can exceed that of seasonal influenza virus epidemics , and such pandemics can cause millions of deaths. (nature.com)
It does not appear to interfere with the immunogenicity of inactivated influenza A virus vaccine. (nih.gov)
It has very little or no activity against influenza B virus isolates. (nih.gov)
A quantitative relationship between the in vitro susceptibility of influenza A virus to amantadine and the clinical response to therapy has not been established in man. (nih.gov)
Influenza viruses with reduced in vitro sensitivity have been shown to be transmissible and to cause typical influenza illness. (nih.gov)

Currently, approved therapeutics to treat filovirus infections are not available and new treatment strategies could be facilitated by improved mechanistic insight into the virus replication cycle. (scienceopen.com)

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a dangerous human pathogen and no antiviral drugs have been approved to date. (ncsu.edu)
Antiviral strategies targeting a broad range of viruses necessitate a detailed understanding of the basic biology of the viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
Because of MPro's role in initiating the viral replication process, the protein has become a target for antiviral drug developers. (lightsources.org)
The RdRP is an excellent broad-spectrum antiviral target for coronaviruses as it is the most conserved protein from RNA viruses [ 11 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)

The TBC1D20 gene mutations that cause Warburg micro syndrome eliminate the function of the TBC1D20 protein. (medlineplus.gov)
9. Cyclin K inhibits HIV-1 gene expression and replication by interfering with cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9)-cyclin T1 interaction in Nef-dependent manner. (nih.gov)

The overall philosophy of the Protein Expression Facility is to provide researchers with knowledge and expertise, tools for their work, as well as guidance and mentoring in an all-inclusive and participatory manner. (nih.gov)
In the current study, researchers focused on this portion of the protein. (nih.gov)

Orf1ab is the replication machinery of SARS-CoV-2, meaning proteins in Orf1ab affect replication efficiency and virus load in a host. (forbes.com)

We aim to piece together the complete program of enterovirus replication. (weizmann.ac.il)

After screening an RNA-biased library using a peptide-displacement assay, we identify DMA-135 as a dose-dependent inhibitor of viral translation and replication with no significant toxicity in cell-based studies. (duke.edu)

Compared to other related viruses, filovirus messenger RNAs have unusually long 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs) with undefined functions. (scienceopen.com)

NS5A was identified as the protein that mediates GPx4 induction in a phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-dependent manner. (uni-koeln.de)

Accompanying this general protein synthesis control, eIF2 phosphorylation induces translation of specific mRNAs, such as that encoding the bZIP (basic leucine zipper) transcriptional regulator ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4). (scienceopen.com)

During viral replication, these proteins assemble and interact with the host membrane to bud off forming infectious particles. (nih.gov)

The reduction in the virion-associated Pol proteins could not be accounted for by differences in the levels of intracellular p160(Gag-Pol) or in the interaction between p55(Gag) and p160(Gag-Pol) precursors. (nih.gov)

Although porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccines have been available in North America for almost 30 years, many vaccines face a significant hurdle: they must provide cross-protection against the highly diverse PRRSV strains. (ncsu.edu)
Tick-borne encephalitis virus protein expression to develop novel subunit vaccines and diagnostic tools. (oru.se)
Organizer and convener of the workshop "Immune correlates of protection for vaccines against biothreat viruses" at the 2020 American Society for Microbiology Biothreats meeting. (utmb.edu)
If we could better understand this process, we might identify targets that would halt viral replication, providing an additional approach for COVID-19 vaccines or treatments," he said. (nih.gov)

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, has been a global concern. (hindawi.com)

Hence, avian H5N1 subtype viruses do have the potential to acquire mammalian transmissibility by reassortment in current agricultural scenarios. (nih.gov)
deltacoronavirus accessory protein NS7 and NS7a This family includes the accessory protein NS7 found in deltacoronaviruses from the Buldecovirus subgenus, such as porcine coronavirus HKU15, and several avian coronaviruses found in sparrow, pigeon, quail and falcon, among others. (nih.gov)

Its mission is to offer assistance to its members, as well as outside collaborators, in the form of, but not restricted to: custom plasmid design, large scale fermentation, protein purification, biochemical characterization, and biophysical quality control. (nih.gov)
The purification method of AC3 protein improves scope for the biochemical characterization of the viral protein. (biomedcentral.com)
Structural, biophysical, and biochemical characterization support an allosteric mechanism in which DMA-135 induces a conformational change in the RNA structure that stabilizes a ternary complex with the AUF1 protein, thus repressing translation. (duke.edu)

From this, we conclude that nsp15 localizes and interacts with CoV proteins in the RTC, suggesting it plays a direct or indirect role in virus replication. (nih.gov)
Schuck's research, recently published in iScience [1] , investigates how the N protein interacts with oligonucleotides - short stretches of DNA and RNA - to demystify how the viral genome is packaged. (nih.gov)

With case-fatality rates of 70%-90% when untreated, EBOV is the most lethal of the four viruses within the family Filoviridae that cause EVD in humans ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
In 1968, only the H3 HA was newly introduced to humans, whereas the N2 of the H3N2 pandemic virus was derived from the previously circulating H2N2 virus 5 , 7 . (nature.com)
The continuous emergence of novel viruses and their diseases are a threat to global public health as there have been three outbreaks of coronaviruses that are highly pathogenic to humans in the span of the last two decades, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV in 2002, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV in 2012, and novel SARS-CoV-2 which emerged in 2019. (mdpi.com)

To examine H9N2 replication in bird species, we inoculated 5 finches, 5 parakeets, and 6 chickens oculonasally with 10 5 log 10 50% egg infectious doses (log 10 EID 50 ) of Env/9306 ( Technical Appendix ). (cdc.gov)
This disease is mostly caused by leaf curl viruses of Geminiviridae family that include more than 50 species of Tomato leaf curl viruses of genus Begomovirus. (biomedcentral.com)
But most of them have been either less efficient at the field level or are limited to narrow range of virus species. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, there is a need for a better and consistent approach to generate resistant plants against a broad range of virus species. (biomedcentral.com)
Bicaudal-C (Bicc1) is an RNA binding protein that functions as translational repressor in all animal species. (wisconsin.edu)

RAB18 is important for the organization of a cell structure called the endoplasmic reticulum, which is involved in protein processing and transport. (medlineplus.gov)

Its causative agent, bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an enveloped, nonsegmented, single stranded negative sense RNA virus in the Ephemerovirus genus of the Rhabdoviridae family. (biomedcentral.com)

Proline residues in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 p6(Gag) exert a cell type-dependent effect on viral replication and virion incorporation of Pol proteins. (nih.gov)
The protein is modeled such that hydrophobic residues are pink and polar residues are grey. (proteopedia.org)

Anatomy17

Organisms104

Diseases18

Chemicals and Drugs44

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes55

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care1

Polymerase10

Encodes4

Polyproteins5

Genome replication3

Interactions10

Inhibit2

Infection26

Complexes3

Hepatitis17

Genes6

Cells44

Replicate5

Metabolism2

Recombinant5

Role in viral1

Bidirectional Replication1

Spike12

Binds4

Molecule3

Inhibits the replication2

Virus's2

Ebola6

Nonstructural protein2

Regulates1

Glycoproteins3

Protease4

Molecular5

Dengue4

Capsid6

Inhibition2

Structural proteins3

Related sequence1

Nucleic2

Viral DNA replication2

Nucleotides1

Genetics1

Regulation of viral1

MRNA11

Cellular5

Crucial1

Fusion proteins2

Influenza13

Mechanistic1

Antiviral4

Gene2

Researchers2

ORF1ab1

Enterovirus1

Inhibitor1

RNAs1

Induction1

Transcription1

Interact1

Intracellular1

Vaccines4

Causes COVID-191

Avian2

Characterization3

Interacts2

Humans3

Species5

Endoplasmic reticulum1

Negative sense RNA1

Residues2