Virus polyprotein. Medical search. Frequent questions

This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction: Hydrolysis of four peptide bonds in the viral precursor polyprotein, commonly with Asp or Glu in the P6 position, Cys or Thr in P1 and Ser or Ala in P1' This enzyme is encoded by the genome of the viruses of the hepatitis C group. (wikipedia.org)
Thrombin cleavage of the hepatitis E virus polyprotein at multiple conserved locations is required for genome replication. (bvsalud.org)
The positive-sense RNA genome is translated to generate a polyprotein , termed pORF1, which is necessary and sufficient for viral genome replication. (bvsalud.org)
Genome polyprotein Antibody, FITC conjugated is Available at Gentaur Genprice with the fastest delivery. (joplink.net)
Genome condensation and packaging are essential processes in the life cycle of viruses. (mdpi.com)
Sarah Gregory] The authors characterize the complete genome of the putative novel Usutu virus strain Usutu-BONN detected in a dead black bird from Germany. (cdc.gov)
Full-length genome sequence of this putative novel Usutu virus strain, designated Usutu-BONN, was successfully attained. (cdc.gov)
In conclusion, the authors detected and genetically characterized a putative novel Usutu virus strain (Usutu-BONN) by determining its complete genome sequence and comparing it with Usutu virus strains for which complete polyprotein-encoding sequences are available. (cdc.gov)
Moreover, nucleotide (nt) deletion analysis found twelve deletion sites throughout the genome other than previously reported deletions at coding sequence of the ORF8 (open reading frame), spike, and ORF7a proteins, specifically in polyprotein ORF1ab (n = 9), ORF10 (n = 1), and 3´-UTR (n = 2). (nature.com)
A) SARS-CoV-2 genome annotation, predicting 29 virus gene products. (news-medical.net)
CRISPR/Cas9 editing of endogenous banana streak virus in the B genome of Musa spp. (nature.com)
Presence of the integrated endogenous banana streak virus (eBSV) in the B genome of plantain (AAB) is a major challenge for breeding and dissemination of hybrids. (nature.com)
It is an unenveloped, non-covalently closed, bacilliform double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus with a monopartite genome of ~7.2-7.8 kb encoding three open-reading frames (ORFs). (nature.com)
It also restricts germplasm movement of genotypes with the B genome worldwide due to this potential activation of eBSV into the episomal infectious form of virus. (nature.com)
Here we report the genome of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1) contaminating a continuous fetal bovine kidney cell line which was engineered to express the bovine integrins that serve as a receptor for foot-and-mouth disease virus, (FMDV). (usda.gov)
The internalized virus is uncoated and the SARS-CoV-2 genome is released into the cytoplasm. (tocris.com)
Flaviviruses such as dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV) or West Nile virus (WNV) translate their genome as a single multi-pass transmembrane (TM) protein at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. (biorxiv.org)
Graphic showing what we know about the basic properties of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, such as its size and genome, and about how it interacts with the body. (elifesciences.org)
Retroviruses are the only animal viruses that integrate into the host cell's genome during the normal growth cycle. (ukessays.com)
Once inside the cell, the nucleoprotein complex accesses intracellular DNA nucleotide triphosphate pools, where the reverse transcriptase protein initiates and creation of a double-stranded DNA copy of the genome of the virus is prepared for integration into the host cell chromosome. (ukessays.com)
This product is a mouse monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes L710, which is an linear epitope on Genome polyprotein from Classical swine fever virus. (caslab.com)
The Genome polyprotein-binding antibody 912 is an epitope-specific antibody that can be used in ELISA. (caslab.com)
This was possible in the lab because the molecular biology of replication is well characterised and that measles virus is polyploid allowing the engineering of a tri-segmented genome that can replicate and be packaged into virions. (virology.ws)
Arteriviruses are small, enveloped, animal viruses with an icosahedral core containing a positive-sense RNA genome. (bionity.com)
In order to establish infection, the virus must reverse transcribe its single stranded RNA genome into double stranded DNA, traverse the cytoplasm and cross the nuclear membrane, after which it integrates into the host chromosome ( Bukrinsky, 2004 ). (elifesciences.org)
This RNA molecule of about 11k nucleotides in length encodes a polyprotein in a single open reading frame that is flanked by two non-coding regions (NCRs) located at the 5' and 3' ends of the genome. (slideshare.net)
Detection of anti-HCV by SIA methodology is based upon traditional Western and dot blotting techniques, in which specific immunogens (i.e. antigenic polyproteins) encoded by the HCV genome are immobilized onto a membrane support. (cdc.gov)
LOCUS X86557 7555 bp RNA linear VRL 18-APR-2005 DEFINITION Lordsdale virus complete genome. (cdc.gov)
REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 7555) AUTHORS Liu,B.L., Clarke,I.N., Caul,E.O. and Lambden,P.R. TITLE Human enteric caliciviruses have a unique genome structure and are distinct from the Norwalk-like viruses JOURNAL Arch. (cdc.gov)
140 (8), 1345-1356 (1995) PUBMED 7661689 REFERENCE 2 AUTHORS Dingle,K.E., Lambden,P.R., Caul,E.O. and Clarke,I.N. TITLE Human enteric Caliciviridae: the complete genome sequence and expression of virus-like particles from a genetic group II small round structured virus JOURNAL J. Gen. Virol. (cdc.gov)

In this strain, 1 putative cleavage site of the viral polyprotein responsible for processing of structural proteins was changed. (cdc.gov)
The 16 non-structure proteins (NSPs) are cleaved products of the large polyprotein open reading frame (ORF)1ab or ORF1a. (news-medical.net)
These proteins contain within their sequence, papain-like protease (PLpro) and the coronavirus main protease (Mpro, also known as 3CLpro), which cleave the polyproteins into a variety of other functional proteins. (tocris.com)
The viral RNA also encodes the structural components of the virus, i.e. spike, nucleocapsid, membrane and envelope proteins. (tocris.com)
Together, our results suggest that the EMC engages with DENV polyproteins to ensure proper biogenesis of the NS4A-NS4B region, and provide further evidence for the cellular function of the EMC in the stable expression of TM proteins. (biorxiv.org)
Similar to cellular TM proteins, the viral polyprotein relies on the host cell machinery for targeting to the ER, translocation across the membrane and insertion of transmembrane domains (TMDs) into the lipid bilayer during its translation. (biorxiv.org)
The maturation of the virus to its infectious form requires that these polyproteins be cleaved to their component proteins by HIV Protease . (proteopedia.org)
The specificity of the virus-cell interaction is determined most commonly by the envelope proteins of the retrovirus. (ukessays.com)
Infection leads to injection of the virus nucleoprotein core (consisting of many gag-derived proteins, full-length genomic RNA, and the reverse transcriptase protein). (ukessays.com)
Virions of the p6 truncation mutant B2TAA had a significantly reduced number of Pol proteins (p66, p51 and p34) and an increased amount of incompletely processed Gag proteins compared with the parental virus. (eurekamag.com)
Gag polyprotein' is a scientific term that refers to a group of proteins found in certain viruses, such as HIV. (thesaurus.net)
therefore, its antonyms would be the classes of proteins that are not gag polyproteins. (thesaurus.net)
While these terms are not exact antonyms of gag polyprotein, they represent different classes of proteins, which is the opposite of what gag polyprotein encompasses. (thesaurus.net)
Processing of the viral polyprotein is achieved cotranslationally by viral encoded proteases , giving rise to the different mature viral proteins. (bionity.com)
Cell macromolecular synthesis may be controlled after CoV infection by locating some virus proteins in the host cell nucleus. (bionity.com)
This RNA is approximately 7.5 kilobase (kb) long and contains an RNA replicase, viral-coded proteases, a single polyprotein that is responsible for forming structural polypeptides, and other proteins necessary for cellular replication. (medscape.com)
The polyproteins generated from ORF1a/b are cleaved by viral proteases liberating 16 non-structural proteins that guide virus replication. (woofahs.com)
Primate immunodeficiency virus proteins Vpx and Vpr counteract transcriptional repression of proviruses by the HUSH complex. (umassmed.edu)
The viral particle is composed of a protein capsid that contains a positive-sense RNA molecule of about 8,500 nucleotides that is infectious and encodes a single polyprotein, which is processed in infected cells by cis - and trans -acting viral proteases ( 55 ) to yield different polypeptide precursors and the mature viral proteins ( 9 , 62 ). (asm.org)
They cleave precursor viral POLYPROTEINS to produce functional proteins and enzymes. (bvsalud.org)

The genomes of positive-sense RNA viruses encode polyproteins that are essential for mediating viral replication . (bvsalud.org)
In this study, we aimed to understand processing of this polyprotein and its role in viral replication using a combination of in vitro translation experiments and HEV sub-genomic replicons . (bvsalud.org)
Overall, our data supports a model where HEV uses host proteases to support replication and could have evolved to be independent of a virally-encoded protease for polyprotein processing. (bvsalud.org)
Since the emergence of COVID-19, a great deal of research has been carried out to determine the structure of the virus and the mechanisms of infection and replication. (tocris.com)
Adaptive mutations rescued both viral replication and stable expression of the NS4A-NS4B polyprotein segment in EMC KO cells. (biorxiv.org)
The virus is the able to initiate a new round of replication again. (ukessays.com)
Alpha interferon inhibits hepatitis C virus replication in primary human hepatocytes infected in vitro. (microbiologyresearch.org)
In addition research into animal viruses has made an important contribution to our understanding of viruses in general, their replication, molecular biology , evolution and interaction with the host. (bionity.com)
The virus traverses the intestinal epithelium, probably undergoing replication in the process but without causing any cellular effects, and reaches the Peyer patches in the lamina propria mucosae. (medscape.com)
Interferons induce the expression of antiviral and immunomodulatory genes that could affect multiple aspects of the virus replication cycle HCQ/CQ, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine. (woofahs.com)
Cyclophilin A is required for the replication of group M human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus SIV(CPZ)GAB but not group O HIV-1 or other primate immunodeficiency viruses. (umassmed.edu)
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) nonstructural protein 3A plays important roles in virus replication, virulence, and host range. (asm.org)
These replacements also led to production of infective viruses that replaced the acidic residues introduced (E) by nonpolar amino acids, indicating that preservation of the hydrophobic interface is essential for virus replication. (asm.org)
For instance, the hepatitis C protein NS3/4a, initially thought to be responsible only for processing of the viral polyprotein during replication, is in fact a crucial interferon antagonist ( PNAS , 102:17717-22, 2005). (the-scientist.com)
A class of cysteine proteases which play an essential role in VIRUS REPLICATION. (bvsalud.org)

These viral polyproteins must undergo proteolysis (also termed polyprotein processing) to generate functional protein units. (bvsalud.org)
Recognizes the 2a non-structural protein of Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMD). (biocheminfo.org)
The surface protein gp120 (SU) attaches the virus to the host lymphoid cell by binding to the primary receptor CD4. (antikoerper-online.de)
Surface protein gp120 (SU) may target the virus to gut- associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) by binding host ITGA4/ITGB7 (alpha-4/beta-7 integrins), a complex that mediates T-cell migration to the GALT. (antikoerper-online.de)
One of the key facets of SARS-CoV-2 lifecycle is host-virus protein-protein interactions. (news-medical.net)
The researchers have also built an interaction network by utilizing the 437 identified virus-host protein-protein interactions, which enabled all the complex analyses that they have pursued. (news-medical.net)
Following binding of S protein the virus is internalized. (tocris.com)
2008. A plant virus movement protein forms ringlike complexes with the major nucleolar protein, fibrillarin, in vitro . (hutton.ac.uk)
Lentiviral Gag polyproteins have a proline-rich protein, p6, at their C terminus. (eurekamag.com)
A mutation that altered the cleavage site between p6 and p1 did not significantly affect virus assembly, virus release or protein processing with the exception of cleavage between p6 and p1. (eurekamag.com)
The Gag protein is the major structural protein required for virus assembly. (prospecbio.com)
Viruses with segmented RNA genomes can produce at least one protein per segment, sometimes more. (virology.ws)
A protein shell called a capsid protects the virus during this journey. (elifesciences.org)

Using Schmallenberg virus, a recently emerged OBV, we also show that the projecting spike is the major target of the neutralizing antibody response, and provide X-ray structures in complex with two protecting antibodies. (rcsb.org)
Notably, residues of receptor-binding domain (RBD) showing crucial interactions with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and cross-reacting neutralizing antibody were found to be conserved among the analyzed virus strains, except for replacement of lysine with arginine at 378th position of the cryptic epitope of a Shanghai isolate, hCoV-19/Shanghai/SH0007/2020 (EPI_ISL_416320). (nature.com)
Qualitative determination of the human antibody directed against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in human serum or plasma is measured using direct solid-phase enzyme immunoassay with the anti-HCV screening ELISA. (cdc.gov)
Chiron Corporation, Inc.) is an in vitro qualitative enzyme immunoassay for the detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in human serum or plasma. (cdc.gov)

Zika virus has emerged as a pathogen of greater notice, as the incidence of this infection has increased in the Caribbean and Brazil. (medscape.com)
Consequently, there is greater interest of Zika virus being imported into the Unites States by travelers from these areas. (medscape.com)
Although most individuals with Zika virus infection are asymptomatic or have a benign viral illness characterized by fever, rash, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis, it can cause severe brain defects, such as microcephaly, in the fetuses of women who become infected with Zika virus during pregnancy. (medscape.com)
Zika virus infection in adults has been associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome and meningoencephalitis. (medscape.com)
Although Zika virus is mainly transmitted via infected mosquitos, it has also been shown to be transmitted by sexual contact (especially from men to women [including from asymptomatic men]) and by blood, including from mother to fetus. (medscape.com)
A 2019 study conducted in Puerto Rico showed that the 95th percentile for the time until the loss of Zika virus RNA detection was 54 days in serum, 34 days in urine, and 81 days in semen. (medscape.com)
Few participants had detectable Zika virus RNA in saliva or vaginal secretions. (medscape.com)
The CDC recommends that the minimum interval from potential exposure to Zika virus and blood donation is 120 days. (medscape.com)
The CDC also recommends that men with possible Zika virus exposure, regardless of symptom status, should abstain from sexual contact or should use condoms for at least 6 months. (medscape.com)
Finally, the CDC recommends that women who have been infected or exposed to Zika virus wait at least 8 weeks from symptom onset or last possible exposure to Zika virus before attempting conception. (medscape.com)
When the Zika epidemic spread through the American continent and then later to Africa and Asia in 2015, researchers compared the characteristics of the Zika infection to Dengue, considering both these viruses were transmitted primarily through the same vector, the Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes. (frontiersin.org)
Meanwhile, the cross-reactivity of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells response to Dengue and Zika viruses provide important clues for further development of potential treatments. (frontiersin.org)
Together, this information appraises the current understanding of both Zika and Dengue infections, providing insights for future vaccine design approaches against both viruses. (frontiersin.org)
In most cases, Zika virus infection causes a mild, self-limited illness. (medscape.com)
[ 2 ] Owing to the mild nature of the disease, more than 80% of Zika virus infection cases likely go unnoticed. (medscape.com)
[ 2 ] The spectrum of Zika virus disease overlaps with other that of arboviral infections, but rash (maculopapular and likely immune-mediated) typically predominates. (medscape.com)
In April 2016, a deputy director at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) warned that the risk of Zika virus infection in the United States may have been previously underestimated, citing the increased range of the mosquito vectors (now in 30 US states, up from 12 as previously thought) and the travel risks associated with the 2016 Olympics in Brazil. (medscape.com)
Zika virus was first described in a febrile rhesus monkey in the Zika forest of Entebbe, Uganda, and was reported in a human field worker shortly thereafter. (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] Currently, Zika virus is known to be widely distributed outside of Africa. (medscape.com)
Zika virus infection is among the nationally notifiable diseases in the United States. (medscape.com)
State and local health departments should be informed by healthcare professionals of suspected cases of Zika virus infection to facilitate diagnosis and to reduce the risk of local transmission. (medscape.com)
The CDC has released a map of potential Zika virus spread in the United States based on the estimated range of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. (medscape.com)
For the latest information concerning Zika virus, see also Medscape's Zika Virus Resource Center. (medscape.com)
Zika virus is well-adapted to grow in various hosts, ranging from arthropods to vertebrates. (medscape.com)
Sirohi et al described the structure of mature Zika virus based on cryoelectron microscopy. (medscape.com)
The global prevalence of Zika virus infection has not been widely reported owing to asymptomatic clinical course, clinical resemblance to other infection with other flaviviruses (dengue, chikungunya), and difficulty in confirming diagnosis. (medscape.com)
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne fl avivirus fi rst studies in the absence of epidemics ( 6 - 8 ). (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)

Our data suggest no evidence for a virally-encoded protease or auto-proteolytic activity, as in vitro translation predominantly generates unprocessed viral polyprotein precursors. (bvsalud.org)
However, seven cleavage sites within the polyprotein (suggested by bioinformatic analysis ) are susceptible to the host cellular protease , thrombin . (bvsalud.org)
to these conserved sequences within the HIV Protease tunnel, preventing the nascent polyproteins from entering. (proteopedia.org)
Saskova KG, Kozisek M, Rezacova P, Brynda J, Yashina T, Kagan RM, Konvalinka J. Molecular characterization of clinical isolates of human immunodeficiency virus resistant to the protease inhibitor darunavir. (proteopedia.org)
Prezcobix (darunavir and cobicistat) is a combination of a human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV -1) protease inhibitor and a CYP3A inhibitor and is indicated for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adult patients. (rxlist.com)
Darunavir is an inhibitor of the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV -1) protease . (rxlist.com)
Protease inhibitors such as lopinavir/ritonavir are thought to prevent polyprotein proteolysis. (woofahs.com)

Direct sequencing of the pan-flavavirus PCR amplicons showed Usutu virus nucleic acid sequences in each sample. (cdc.gov)
The Usutu virus positive blackbird sample, which exhibited numerous nucleotide and amino acid changes compared with the other sequences, had been found outside of the Usutu virus endemic area. (cdc.gov)
Here, we report a strategy to inactivate the eBSV by editing the virus sequences. (nature.com)

Originally isolated from a Culex neavei mosquito in South Africa in 1959, Usutu virus was subsequently detected in different mosquito and bird species throughout sub-Saharan countries. (cdc.gov)
The detection and isolation of Usutu virus from different bird species and mammalophilic mosquitos during the 2011 epizootic in Germany raised questions regarding the Usutu virus host range. (cdc.gov)
Understanding what happens at the host-pathogen interface and why certain viruses are capable of jumping to new species is a top research question in virology. (the-scientist.com)
While the most competent mosquito species for dengue virus transmission is believed to be Aedes aegypti , Aedes albopictus is also a competent vector present in much of Japan during the warmer months. (who.int)
Among the biological agents re- because species specificity limits the causes lymphoproliferative diseas- viewed in Volume 100B of the IARC feasibility of this approach for most of es in New World monkeys and in Monographs (IARC, 2012) are sever- these viruses. (who.int)
One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
For this reason, the infect humans, this virus can infect cordance between humans and ex- question about tumour site concor- several other species - including perimental animals. (who.int)
For other human tumour virus- primate species are related to the hu- tween data in humans and in experi- es, the use of humanized severe man tumour viruses, the incidence of mental animals is not obvious. (who.int)
However, except non-primate species often do not mour viruses is often problematic, for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which accurately reflect the mechanism of Part 1 · Chapter 9. (who.int)

Hepatitis C virus is a small (55-65 nm in size), enveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae. (creative-biolabs.com)
Hepatitis C virus is the cause of hepatitis C and some cancers such as liver cancer and lymphomas in humans. (creative-biolabs.com)
Hepacivirin (EC 3.4.21.98, Cpro-2, hepatitis C virus NS3 serine proteinase, NS3-4A serine proteinase complex) is an enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a leading cause of acute viral hepatitis . (bvsalud.org)
Blood and any body fluid visibly contaminated with blood should be considered capable of transmitting hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (medscape.com)
Certain genotypes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) respond less often than others to treatment with interferon (IFN). (microbiologyresearch.org)
Human La antigen is required for the hepatitis C virus internal ribosome entry site-mediated translation. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1988 through 1994. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Secondary structure of the 5′ nontranslated regions of hepatitis C virus and pestivirus genomic RNAs. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis C virus: quasispecies and genotypes. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Complete nucleotide sequence of a type 4 hepatitis C virus variant, the predominant genotype in the Middle East. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The complete coding sequence of hepatitis C virus genotype 5a, the predominant genotype in South Africa. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide as well as the primary indication for liver transplantation. (projectsparadise.com)
Hepatitis viruses constitute a major public health problem because of the morbidity and mortality associated with the acute and chronic consequences of these infections. (cdc.gov)
New immunization strategies have been developed to eliminate the spread of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Recommendations have also been developed for the prevention and control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. (cdc.gov)
In addition, NHANES provides the means to better define the epidemiology of other hepatitis viruses. (cdc.gov)
NHANES testing for markers of infection with hepatitis viruses will be used to determine secular trends in infection rates across most age and racial/ethnic groups, and will provide a national picture of the epidemiologic determinants of these infections. (cdc.gov)
The COBAS AMPLICOR HCV MONITOR Test, version 2 0 (v2.0) is an in vitro nucleic acid amplification test for the quantitation of Hepatitis C Virus RNA in human serum or plasma on the COBAS AMPLICOR Analyzer. (cdc.gov)
The VERSANT ® HCV Genotype 2.0 Assay (LiPA) is a line probe assay designed to identify Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes 1 to 6 in human serum or EDTA plasma samples. (cdc.gov)
For instance, mice are able to reconstitute most lymphomas in monkeys and humans woodchuck hepatitis virus induces major components of the human provides strong support for a direct hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) haematolymphoid system including oncogenic role of EBV in vivo. (who.int)

Interaction between gp120 and ITGA4/ITGB7 would allow the virus to enter GALT early in the infection, infecting and killing most of GALT's resting CD4+ T-cells. (antikoerper-online.de)
Virus transmission to permissive T-cells occurs either in trans (without DCs infection, through viral capture and transmission), or in cis (following DCs productive infection, through the usual CD4-gp120 interaction), thereby inducing a robust infection. (antikoerper-online.de)
Despite efforts made over past decades, there is no vaccine or treatment available for preventing and controlling the ASF virus (ASFV) infection, and there is an urgent need to develop novel strategies. (mdpi.com)
However, the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the infection caused by each virus is distinct, as are the diseases they cause. (bionity.com)
enables researchers to measure how molecules produced by host cells interact with the viral capsid, a structure that is fundamental for the virus to establish an infection. (elifesciences.org)
Because of the high rate of asymptomatic infection with these viruses, information about the prevalence of these diseases is needed to monitor prevention efforts. (cdc.gov)
Infection with dengue virus may cause fever, headache, muscle pain and/or rash but may also be mild or asymptomatic. (who.int)
Z ported human infections indicated that clinical characteris- ika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted virus in the tics of infection with ZIKV included fever, headache, mal- family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus . (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
Moreover, The use of animals as surrogate rine host, can provide a platform for animal models for tumour viruses in hosts for the study of human tu- in vivo infection. (who.int)

Dengue virus (DENV) is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. (frontiersin.org)
Laboratory testing with a rapid conducted at that time showed that 6.1% of the residents assay suggested that a dengue virus (DENV) was the caus- in nearby regions of Uganda had specifi c antibodies to ative agent. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)

Sequencing results showed that all samples, except one blackbird-derived Usutu virus sequence, were identical and originated from southwest Germany. (cdc.gov)
The possibility of an African origin of this virus strain is strengthened by the fact that phylogenetic analysis of complete polyprotein sequence established a separate basal lineage for the Usutu-BONN strain in a sister relationship with the African Usutu virus strains. (cdc.gov)
In this paper we describe the genetic sequence of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1) contaminating a tissue culture cell line which was engineered to serve as a system for isolation of foot-and-mouth disease virus, (FMDV). (usda.gov)
The sequence contains the full polyprotein coding sequence and partial untranslated regions (UTRs). (usda.gov)
Sequence analysis of viral genomes presented high similarity with dengue serotype 1 viruses circulating in South-eastern Asia. (who.int)

Enteroviruses are common human viruses associated with various clinical syndromes, from minor febrile illness to severe, potentially fatal conditions (e.g., aseptic meningitis, paralysis, myocarditis, and neonatal enteroviral sepsis). (cdc.gov)
Due to the highly contagious nature of pathogens and the susceptibility of every human the virus spread rapidly across China then Globally. (benthamscience.com)
When Human Immunodeficiency Virus infects a host, it directs the synthesis of several polyproteins. (proteopedia.org)
To celebrate 100 years of this seminal discovery, one of the first to show that a virus could cause a human disease, an international symposium was held on the 20 November 2009, in Vienna, Austria ( http://www.meduniwien.ac.at/100yearspolio ). (springer.com)
In the present work, mutants that affect p6 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag polyprotein were constructed and analysed. (eurekamag.com)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus which may lead to a immune systembegins failure and to opportunistic infections. (prospecbio.com)
The 2009 H1N1 pandemic strain is a reassortant of avian, human, and swine influenza viruses. (virology.ws)
Many animal viruses are also important from a human medical perspective. (bionity.com)
These orphan viruses were initially termed ECHO, an acronym for enteric cytopathic human orphan virus, which was later simplified to echovirus. (medscape.com)
Translation elongation factor 1-alpha interacts specifically with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag polyprotein. (umassmed.edu)
Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)
These in vitro, and their expression in these human tumour virus. (who.int)

Mutation is an important source of RNA virus diversity that is made possible by the error-prone nature of RNA synthesis. (virology.ws)

However: why are there perfectly good and successful (-) sense viruses with single-component genomes, like rabies and mumps, then? (virology.ws)
In my view, all viruses should have plus strand RNA genomes! (virology.ws)
Because their genomes are composed of RNA rather than DNA, these viruses must use their own RNA polymerase to copy their genetic information. (the-scientist.com)

There are other ways to overcome this limitation - for example by encoding a polyprotein (picornaviruses), or producing subgenomic RNAs (paramyxoviruses). (virology.ws)

In 1909, Landsteiner and Popper reported the identification of a virus, subsequently called poliovirus (PV), as the causative agent of poliomyelitis [ 20 ]. (springer.com)

However, the mechanism of polyprotein processing in HEV remains to be determined. (bvsalud.org)

An example of the evolutionary importance of reassortment is the exchange of RNA segments between mammalian and avian influenza viruses that give rise to pandemic influenza. (virology.ws)
avian influenza viruses can directly infect humans. (bionity.com)

The Yanagi group in Japan managed to segment the naturally nonsegmented measles virus into three segments and the recovered viruses were viable in vitro. (virology.ws)

SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus contained in a nucleocapsid. (tocris.com)

This generates two polyproteins PP1A and PP1AB. (tocris.com)

The family includes Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), Lactate Dehydrogenase Elevating Virus (LDV) of mice and Simian Haemorrhagic Fever Virus (SHFV). (bionity.com)

Binding to these alternative receptors allows the rapid transcytosis of the virus through the epithelial cells. (antikoerper-online.de)
However, most inoculum is swallowed and reaches the lower GI tract, where the virus presumably binds to specific receptors on enterocytes. (medscape.com)

While designing effective vaccines and viral-entry inhibitors has proven unsuccessful for certain viruses, often due to their high mutagenicity, compounds targeting interferon antagonists may provide a new therapeutic alternative. (the-scientist.com)

However, its role in the virus life cycle is not yet understood. (biorxiv.org)

Nevertheless, while Q44R led to recovery of viruses that maintained the mutation, Q44D resulted in selection of infective viruses with substitution D44E with acidic charge but with structural features similar to those of the parental virus, suggesting that Q44 is involved in functions other than 3A dimerization. (asm.org)

It is synthesizedas a polyprotein in the cytosol of an infected cell and contains 4 functional segments. (prospecbio.com)

Usutu virus is pathogenic for humans, thus becoming a potential public health problem. (cdc.gov)
Enteroviruses (genus Enterovirus, family Picornaviridae ) are among the most common viruses infecting humans worldwide. (cdc.gov)

Increased spread of Aedes -borne viruses such as yellow fever, Chikungunya, or West Nile might soon follow. (the-scientist.com)

The study of animal viruses is important from a veterinary viewpoint and many of these viruses cause diseases that are economically devastating. (bionity.com)

The DNA vaccine expresses the polyprotein VP2-VP4-VP3 of IBDV. (umd.edu)

While recombinant DNA technology has significantly contributed to our understanding of plant viruses, new findings are being accumulated every day as reported in various publications. (routledge.com)
Plant Viruses As Molecular Pathogens is the only book to bring you all of this information--22 chapters--in a single volume, compiled by specialists around the globe! (routledge.com)
With helpful illustrations, photos, figures, models that explain viral mechanisms, and easy-to-understand reference tables, Plant Viruses As Molecular Pathogens will stimulate your thinking on this fascinating area of plant science! (routledge.com)

The positive samples were further subjected to PCRs for the amplification of a partial segment of the Usutu virus envelope and nonstructural 5 gene. (cdc.gov)
We also discuss a number of questions about the virus, and perform 'back-of-the-envelope' calculations to show the insights that can be gained from knowing some key numbers and using quantitative reasoning. (elifesciences.org)
The virus resembles other known flavivirus structures with the exception of approximately 10 amino acids surrounding the Asn154 glycosylation site in each of the 180 envelope glycoproteins comprising the icosahedral shell, the carbohydrate moiety of which may be the attachment site of the virus to host cells. (medscape.com)

for BVDV frequently nonhomologous RNA recombination events lead to the appearance of genetically distinct viruses that are lethal to the host. (bionity.com)

On the basis of genetic differences, in comparison with Usutu virus strains from Africa, the Usutu virus strain from Europe, except those from Spain, form a distinct clade within Usutu virus phylogeny. (cdc.gov)
There are various ways to achieve genetic variation and gene expression, and viruses explore all aspects of this space. (virology.ws)
Viruses need to enter their host's cells in order to replicate their genetic material and produce more copies of the virus. (elifesciences.org)
This genetic plasticity is key if the virus is to overcome a host immune attack. (the-scientist.com)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel evolutionary divergent RNA virus, is responsible for the present devastating COVID-19 pandemic. (nature.com)
COVID-19 emerged in China in late 2019 and rapidly became a global pandemic, prompting an enormous research effort to understand the virus and find treatments. (tocris.com)
In this article we provide a one-stop, curated graphical source for the key numbers (based mostly on the peer-reviewed literature) about the SARS-CoV-2 virus that is responsible for the pandemic. (elifesciences.org)
The COVID-19 pandemic has made brutally clear the need for further research into many aspects of viruses. (elifesciences.org)

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the prototypic member of the Aphthovirus genus in the Picornaviridae family. (bionity.com)
FMDV is a highly variable and transmissible virus. (bionity.com)
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the prototypic member of the aphthovirus genus within the family Picornaviridae ( 5 , 24 , 52 ) and the etiological agent of a devastating disease of livestock ( 34 ). (asm.org)

As these may unveil promising drug targets, the analysis of host-virus interactome (i.e., a complete set of molecular interactions in a particular cell) is direly needed and have actually been reported recently. (news-medical.net)
Support for mono-ADP-ribosylation in virus-host interaction stems from the findings that some viruses, including Chikungunyavirus (CHIKV), encode mono-ADP-ribosylhydrolases, which antagonize cellular mono-ARTs. (fsu.edu)
The viruses are transferred to the host when he or she has been bitten by a female mosquito. (medscape.com)

These catalytic Asp residues carry out the hydrolytic cleavage of the polyprotein. (proteopedia.org)

Echoviruses (EVs) are RNA viruses of the genus Enterovirus and the family Picornaviridae. (medscape.com)

Gag is a polyprotein and is an acronym for Group Antigens (ag). (ukessays.com)

Genomic analysis revealed several unique amino acid substitutions among the polyprotein gene. (cdc.gov)
7555 /organism="Lordsdale virus" /mol_type="genomic RNA" /db_xref="taxon:82658" gene 5. (cdc.gov)

This virus, which targets the lungs particularly, may injury different tissues. (aidstar-one.com)

B anana streak virus (BSV) is a plant pathogenic badnavirus of the family Caulimoviridae , affecting production of banana ( Musa spp. (nature.com)

Anatomy9

Organisms124

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs46

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment20

Phenomena and Processes50

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Genome30

Proteins20

Replication15

Protein13

Antibody4

Zika27

Protease7

Sequences3

Species9

Hepatitis21

Infection9

DENV2

Sequence5

Human12

Synthesis1

Genomes3

RNAs1

Subsequently1

Processing1

Avian influenza viruses2

Vitro1

Single-stranded1

Generates1

Simian Haemo1

Receptors2

Compounds1

Life cycle1

Mutation1

Functional1

Humans2

Aedes1

Animal viruses1

Vaccine1

Plant Viruses3

Envelope3

Recombination events1

Genetic4

Pandemic4

FMDV3

Host3

Residues1

Genus1

Acronym1

Genomic2

Targets1

Pathogenic1