• Antibody tests have public health value for monitoring and evaluating population levels of immunity, as well as clinical utility for patients. (cdc.gov)
  • Antibody tests that have received Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) may be used for both public health and clinical purposes. (cdc.gov)
  • Antibody testing should not be used to determine whether someone is currently infected with SARS-CoV-2. (cdc.gov)
  • Antibody testing is not currently recommended to assess for immunity to SARS-CoV-2 following COVID-19 vaccination or to assess the need for vaccination in an unvaccinated person. (cdc.gov)
  • Antibody tests can detect the presence of these antibodies in serum within days to weeks following acute infection or vaccination. (cdc.gov)
  • Antibody tests are not used for diagnosing a current case of COVID-19. (cdc.gov)
  • Antibody tests are not recommended or authorized by the FDA to assess someone's immunity after COVID-19 vaccination or determine if they need to be vaccinated. (cdc.gov)
  • However, EUA indications do not preclude use of antibody tests in vaccinated individuals in certain situations. (cdc.gov)
  • To investigate the duration of humoral immune response in convalescent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, we conduct a 12-month longitudinal study through collecting a total of 1,782 plasma samples from 869 convalescent plasma donors in Wuhan, China and test specific antibody responses. (nature.com)
  • The antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 in humans are induced by some viral proteins, including spike glycoprotein (S protein) and nucleocapsid protein, among which S protein can induce neutralizing antibodies that are indispensable for viral neutralization and elimination, through blocking viral binding with host cells 1 . (nature.com)
  • Primary BA.1 infections yielded reduced neutralizing antibody levels against WT, Delta, and Omicron BA.2, while samples from BA.2-infected individuals showed almost no cross-neutralization against the other variants. (frontiersin.org)
  • Vaccination-breakthrough infections with either Omicron BA.1 or BA.2, however, generated equal cross-neutralizing antibody levels against all SARS-CoV-2 variants tested. (frontiersin.org)
  • Antibody responses, including isotypes, were assessed by virus neutralization (VN) and indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) tests over time before and after re-challenge. (usda.gov)
  • Antigeanic relatedness values (R) for all the viruses were calculated from geometric mean antibody titers of minimum of three tests. (tubitak.gov.tr)
  • The COVID-19 antibody treatment developed by Sioux Falls-based SAB Biotherapeutics has neutralized the Omicron variant in FDA laboratory testing, the company reported. (sdbio.org)
  • It also provides further evidence of the potential therapeutic importance of our polyclonal antibody approach to a highly mutating virus such as SARS-CoV-2. (sdbio.org)
  • Ribbon diagram of the influenza virus H5 hemagglutinin (HA) surface protein bound by the F10 monoclonal antibody (red). (science20.com)
  • The scientists also identified a new mechanism of antibody action against influenza: Once the antibody binds, the virus cannot change its shape, a step required before it can fuse with and enter the cell it is attempting to infect. (science20.com)
  • Their detailed picture shows one arm of the antibody inserted into a genetically stable pocket in the neck of the HA protein, an interaction that blocks the shape change required for membrane fusion and virus entry into the cell. (science20.com)
  • the individual had the highest antibody levels, with a broad range against several variants in a previous neutralization assay. (news-medical.net)
  • Further, they tested P2G3 activity in antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays. (news-medical.net)
  • In this study, we presented a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) with the emphasis on the replacement of VNT for C-strain post-vaccination monitoring. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One monoclonal antibody (6B211) which has potent neutralizing activity against C-strain was generated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The C-strain antibody can be tested in pigs as early as 7 days post vaccination with the cELISA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When comparing their results with those from commonly used antibody tests for SARS-CoV-2, they found that tests that don't look specifically at circulating variants of concern can overestimate the level of neutralising antibody protection in an individual, especially in relation to the Beta and Delta variants. (crick.ac.uk)
  • To be able to directly compare the impact of the PC on the levels of neutralizing antibody (NT-abs) responses, a PC-positive variant of the HCMV laboratory strain Towne was established by bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) mutagenesis (Towne-UL130rep). (asm.org)
  • The neutralizing antibody response to PC-positive DBs was superior to that of PC-negative DBs, as tested on fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells and for both animal species used. (asm.org)
  • Of particular interest was the finding that PC-positive DBs induced an antibody response that blocked the infection of fibroblasts by a PC-positive viral strain more efficiently than sera following immunizations with PC-negative particles. (asm.org)
  • In one embodiment disclosed herein, a neutralizing antibody specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin is provided. (justia.com)
  • Also disclosed herein is a pharmaceutical formulation for neutralizing influenza virus comprising an antibody specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin. (justia.com)
  • Also disclosed herein is a method of treating influenza virus infection in a subject in need thereof comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the neutralizing antibody specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin and thereby treating said influenza virus infection in said subject. (justia.com)
  • Through this integration with the FMD-DISCONVAC project, we will be fulfilling the objectives of the EU call KBBE-2008-1-3-02: To substitute vaccine potency tests in animals by assays enabling a correlation of in-vitro tests based on immunological principles of antibody-based effector immune responses operating in vivo. (forschung3r.ch)
  • Immunological background: FcR-mediated anti-FMDV responses induced in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and macrophages (MF) as examples of antibody-mediated effector functions independent of direct virus neutralization. (forschung3r.ch)
  • Immunization of cynomolgus macaques with the S-VLP nanoparticles induced high antibody titers with potent neutralizing activity against the vaccine strain, Alpha, Beta, and Gamma variants and TH1 CD4+ biased T cell responses.Upon the first and second immunization, antibodies were most mostly generated against the receptor binding domain (RBD), which is immunodominant, while the third immunization boosted non-RBD antibody titers. (ibs.fr)
  • We have previously described R1a-B6, an alpaca-derived single domain antibody (nanobody), that is capable of potent cross-subtype neutralization in vitro of H1N1, H5N1, H2N2, and H9N2 influenza viruses, through binding to a highly conserved epitope in the influenza hemagglutinin stem region. (frontiersin.org)
  • The study also found that the neutralizing antibody levels declined against the Omicron variant much more rapidly than against the dominant strain of the virus that was circulating two years ago. (cnn.com)
  • Antibody testing, performed 30 days after the onset of symptoms, detected only IgG. (bvsalud.org)
  • Serological tests include antibody ELISA and viral neutralisation test (VNT), which is the reference test. (nsdfu.org)
  • Burioni, Roberto title: A Non-VH1-69 Heterosubtypic Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibody Protects Mice against H1N1 and H5N1 Viruses date: 2012-04-04 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034415 sha: 6b51562f63de5739f2b7ebf5f9c34365ac6ee545 doc_id: 807 cord_uid: fcffl6m4 Influenza viruses are among the most important human pathogens and are responsible for annual epidemics and sporadic, potentially devastating pandemics. (distantreader.org)
  • In this study, we describe a human monoclonal antibody (PN-SIA49) that recognizes a highly conserved epitope located on the stem region of the HA and able to neutralize a broad spectrum of influenza viruses belonging to different subtypes (H1, H2 and H5). (distantreader.org)
  • Anti-spike antibody was assayed by Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 quantitative spike assay (Roche).ResultsUnvaccinated donors showed a geometric mean titer (GMT) of 148 against WT, 80 against Alpha but mostly failed to neutralize Beta, Delta, and Omicron strains. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Viraemia during the first week after inoculation has been found in all monkeys tested and antibody has been demonstrated by the 14th day after inoculation. (paho.org)
  • Antibody has also been found in the serum of one of 15 wild monkeys tested. (paho.org)
  • The 'gold standard' method to assess humoral antibody responses fol owing vaccination is the neutralization assay. (who.int)
  • Virus neutralization test (VNT) is widely used for serological survey of classical swine fever (CSF) and efficacy evaluation of CSF vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Virus neutralization test (VNT) is considered as the gold standard for serological monitoring and efficacy evaluation of CSF vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The institute's director, David Ho, called for vaccines against the new, increasingly common, strains before it is too late to tackle their potential spread. (rt.com)
  • Ho's study, which has not been published or peer reviewed, found that patients who received the two initial mRNA vaccines plus a booster had 37- and 55-fold lower immune neutralization against BQ.1 and BQ.1.1 than they did against the strain of the virus they were inoculated against, and 70-fold lower neutralization against XBB and XBB.1. (rt.com)
  • Studies show that 2 doses of vaccines are effective at preventing hospitalization and death, but neutralization levels of vaccinated sera are lower against the Delta variant compared to the original strain. (asm.org)
  • A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine tested neutralization activity of sera from individuals who had recovered from natural SARS-CoV-2 infection and sera from individuals who had been fully vaccinated with Moderna or Pfizer vaccines against infectious B.1.617.2 virus. (asm.org)
  • After two doses of the vaccine, 83% of patients previously not infected with the virus developed neutralising antibodies against the original strain, which is no longer in circulation but is the strain current vaccines were designed to target. (crick.ac.uk)
  • Furthermore, these vaccines are limited to one or just a few strains and don't produce highly potent neutralizing antibodies or cross-reactive immunity against divergent influenza viruses. (justia.com)
  • Currently, vaccines are tested and selected using vaccination-challenge experiments in cattle. (forschung3r.ch)
  • What are the pros and cons of inactivated virus vaccines? (politico.eu)
  • Inactivated virus vaccines, originally developed by Louis Pasteur in 1904 for anthrax, have been around for a century. (politico.eu)
  • Thus, alternative approaches are needed to reliably assess antigenic relatedness between circulating viruses and vaccines. (cdc.gov)
  • To initiate control measures for FMD, the following must be identified: origin of infection, links between outbreaks, extent of genetic variation of the causative viruses, and antigenic relationship of field isolates to the available vaccines. (blogspot.com)
  • However, their high genetic variability allows the virus to evade the host immune response and the potential protection offered by seasonal vaccines. (distantreader.org)
  • For this reason, seasonal vaccines need to be annually reformulated based upon the forecasting of viral strains that will circulate in the coming influenza season. (distantreader.org)
  • Monitoring continues for new variants to enable testing of vaccines and therapies for efficacy. (medscape.com)
  • WHO CCs, H5 Reference Laboratories, Essential Regulatory Laboratories and other experts meet twice-yearly to review laboratory and epidemiological data to assist WHO in making recommendations on suitable virus strains for seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines. (who.int)
  • Antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ( SARS-CoV-2 ), the virus that causes COVID-19, can be detected in the blood of people who have recovered from COVID-19 or people who have been vaccinated against COVID-19. (cdc.gov)
  • Even after a person's antibodies wane, their immune system may have cells that remember the virus and that can act quickly to protect the person from severe illness if they become infected. (cdc.gov)
  • Although highly homologous amino acid sequences are shared between the RBD regions of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1, the plasma of convalescent SARS patients or SARS-CoV-1 RBD monoclonal antibodies could not neutralize SARS-CoV-2, indicating the limited cross-neutralization protection between these two viruses 5 , 7 . (nature.com)
  • Using live virus assays with an ancestral wildtype (WT) strain and three VOCs (Delta, Omicron BA.1, Omicron BA.2), we found that infections with Omicron variants boostered cross-neutralizing antibodies in pre-immune individuals. (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition to the retained neutralization activity of SAB-185 to the Omicron variant, it's also important to note that there are multiple properties of polyclonal antibodies that can potentially provide therapeutic benefit to patients. (sdbio.org)
  • These human monoclonal antibodies, identical infection-fighting proteins derived from the same cell lineage, also were found to protect mice from illness caused by H5N1 and other influenza A viruses. (science20.com)
  • Because large quantities of monoclonal antibodies can be made relatively quickly, after more testing, these influenza-specific monoclonal antibodies potentially could be used in combination with antiviral drugs to prevent or treat the flu during an influenza outbreak or pandemic. (science20.com)
  • Key to their research, Dr. Marasco and his colleagues discovered and described the atomic structure of an obscure but genetically stable region of the influenza virus to which their monoclonal antibodies bind. (science20.com)
  • They scanned tens of billions of monoclonal antibodies produced in bacterial viruses, or bacteriophages, and found 10 antibodies active against the four major strains of H5N1 avian influenza viruses. (science20.com)
  • Encouraged by these findings, they collaborated with Ruben O. Donis, Ph.D., of the CDC Influenza Division, and found that three of these monoclonal antibodies had broader neutralization capabilities when tested in cell cultures and in mice against representative strains of other known influenza A viruses. (science20.com)
  • Their monoclonal antibodies neutralized all testable viruses containing the 10 Group 1 HAs-which include the seasonal H1 viruses, the H1 virus that caused the 1918 pandemic and the highly pathogenic avian H5 subtypes-but none of the viruses containing the six Group 2 HAs. (science20.com)
  • This could also explain why they did not detect so-called escape mutants, viruses that elude the monoclonal antibodies through genetic mutation. (science20.com)
  • Thus, there is a need to continuously investigate the ability of FCV vaccine strain-induced antibodies to neutralize field isolates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study confirms previous observations that more recently introduced vaccine strains induce antibodies with a higher neutralizing capacity compared to vaccine strains that have been used extensively over a long period of time. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Vaccine strains should ideally be selected based on updated knowledge on the antigenic properties of field isolates in the local setting, and there is thus a need for continuously studying the evolution of FCV together with the neutralizing capacity of vaccine strain induced antibodies against field isolates at a national and/or regional level. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There is therefore a need to investigate and follow the ability of vaccine strain induced antibodies to neutralize field isolates of FCV, in order to evaluate and provide updated advice on vaccination strategies at local and/or regional levels. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A novel cELISA was established and optimized based on the strategy that 6B211 can compete with C-strain induced neutralizing antibodies in pig serum to bind capture antigen C-strain E2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Detection of antibodies to the Indiana strain of vesicular stomatitis virus (VS NJ) by virus neutralization. (tamu.edu)
  • These results were supported by research, published in Nature , that evaluated the sensitivity of infectious Delta virus against monoclonal antibodies, convalescent sera and sera developed after vaccination. (asm.org)
  • The study found that some antibodies targeting the N-terminal domain and receptor binding domain of the spike protein (S protein) showed impaired binding and neutralization of the Delta variant. (asm.org)
  • Using a highly accurate test, a viral neutralisation assay developed at the Crick, the researchers measured levels of antibodies which block different strains of the virus, including the Delta variant, into cells. (crick.ac.uk)
  • The researchers used this more informative test to see if the patients had levels of neutralising antibodies which were sufficient to block at least 50% of virus infection under laboratory conditions. (crick.ac.uk)
  • Our results suggest a possible effect of non- env HIV-1 genes on the interaction of Env and neutralizing antibodies and highlight the need to generate a library of IMCs representative of the HIV-1 subtype spectrum to be used as standardized neutralization assay reagents for assessing HIV-1 vaccine efficacy. (plos.org)
  • Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) can block virus entry by binding Env and inhibiting attachment or conformational changes required for fusion [ 4 - 7 ]. (plos.org)
  • Disclosed herein are neutralizing antibodies with cross-neutralizing activity and cross-protective effects against divergent stains of influenza virus, which are specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin. (justia.com)
  • The present application is drawn to neutralizing monoclonal antibodies for preventing and treating influenza virus infection and methods of treating influenza virus infection. (justia.com)
  • Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), particularly those having cross-clade neutralizing activity, play a critical role in immunoprotection against various influenza A virus (IAV) infections, particularly those caused by the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus and any future unpredictable virus strains. (justia.com)
  • Disclosed herein are neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the surface hemagglutinin (HA) protein of the influenza H5N1 strain. (justia.com)
  • Although vaccine-induced protection can be predicted when high levels of virus neutralising antibodies are induced, this does not apply for vaccinates with relatively low levels of antibodies. (forschung3r.ch)
  • Thus, the approach selected will go beyond virus neutralization tests, and also enable the functional analysis of non-neutralizing antibodies with respect to FMDV destruction and the induction of antiviral activity. (forschung3r.ch)
  • Therefore, it is important to understand the role antibodies play in the pathogenesis and prevention of Ebola virus. (immunopaedia.org.za)
  • The researchers used a live virus plaque reduction neutralization assay to test how well the antibodies were able to neutralize Ebola strains. (immunopaedia.org.za)
  • They found that several of the isolated antibodies were extremely potent against Ebola virus. (immunopaedia.org.za)
  • The researchers went on to test the antibodies in mouse models to examine whether they were effective as post-exposure therapy. (immunopaedia.org.za)
  • 2016. Isolation of potent neutralizing antibodies from a survivor of the 2014 Ebola virus outbreak. (immunopaedia.org.za)
  • The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a major antigen that can induce protective antibodies in poultry. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The humoral immune response plays an important role in the defense against these viruses, providing protection mainly by producing antibodies directed against the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein. (distantreader.org)
  • Primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 are relatively resistant to neutralization by monoclonal antibodies to gp120, and their neutralization is not predicted by studies with monomeric gp120. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A panel of anti-gp120 human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs), CD4-IgG, and sera from people infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was tested for neutralization of nine primary HIV-1 isolates, one molecularly cloned primary strain (JR-CSF), and two strains (IIIB and MN) adapted for growth in transformed T-cell lines. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The more relevant primary HIV-1 isolates are relatively resistant to neutralization, although these isolates can be potently neutralized by a subset of human polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Laboratory testing with a rapid conducted at that time showed that 6.1% of the residents assay suggested that a dengue virus (DENV) was the caus- in nearby regions of Uganda had specifi c antibodies to ative agent. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • Nevertheless, successful vaccination against FMDV requires selection of the appropriately matching vaccine strain providing protection against a particular circulating field virus. (forschung3r.ch)
  • Sera from immunized animals showed potent neutralization against the vaccine strain and the Alpha variant after two immunizations and robust neutralization of Beta and Gamma strains after teh third immunization. (ibs.fr)
  • HINT is a valuable new antigenic analysis tool for vaccine strain selection. (cdc.gov)
  • Local sheep and goat pox vaccine strain (Bakrkoy) is used for vaccination. (fusabil.org)
  • Serum was separated and all the sera samples were tested by Neutralization test against LSD vaccine strain Neethling. (fusabil.org)
  • In this study, we analyzed B-cell immunodominant epitopes (IDEs) of the HN protein from the vaccine strain LaSota using pepscan technology with LaSota-specific chicken hyperimmune antisera. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In a subsequent angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-spike surrogate neutralization assay, P5C3, and P2G3 exhibited broad and highly potent inhibition of binding (of VOC spike proteins) to ACE2. (news-medical.net)
  • It is a reliable tool for sero-monitoring of C-strain vaccination campaign because it is a rapid, simple, safe and cost effective assay that can be used to monitor vaccination-induced immune response at the population level. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ab titers against Wuhan/wild type (WT), Alpha, Beta, and Delta SARS-CoV-2 strains were determined by live virus microneutralization assay while titers to Omicron used a focus reduction neutralization test. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Known distribution of West Nile virus infection and disease caused by Kunjin strain (A) and distribution of encephalitis cases among equids (B), New South Wales, Australia, 2011. (cdc.gov)
  • In Australia, infection with WNV KUN has been detected intermittently in horses in the Southeast, but reports of encephalitis caused by this virus are rare ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Viral tests detect current infection . (cdc.gov)
  • Strain S1133 led to the activation of the intracellular death in the early stages of infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, SARS patients may become susceptible to the same virus 3 years after recovered from the infection 2 , highlighting the importance of evaluating the durability of the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2. (nature.com)
  • The field isolates were tested for cross-neutralization using a panel of eight anti-sera raised in four pairs of cats following infection with four vaccine strains (F9, 255, G1 and 431). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several new variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus are capable of evading both vaccine- and infection-derived immunity, according to a study spearheaded by the director of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center at Columbia University and reviewed by Time magazine this week. (rt.com)
  • Thus while surviving infection with BA.2, BA.4 and BA.5 appears to give some protection against the BQ-type strains, neither infection nor vaccination offers protection against XBB. (rt.com)
  • This strain synthesized PC-positive DBs upon infection of fibroblasts. (asm.org)
  • The presence of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3) was examined in 119 nasal swabs collected from cattle with severe respiratory infection. (ceon.rs)
  • These two MAbs were proven to inhibit virus infection in the post-attachment process rather than inhibition of receptor binding. (justia.com)
  • However, field observation suggests that most infected pigs eventually become immune, then cease to shed virus by 60 days post-infection. (iastate.edu)
  • Accordingly, the proposed solution is to develop realisable and robust in-vitro alternatives to such challenge infection tests. (forschung3r.ch)
  • Immunization with synthetic SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein virus-like particles protects Macaques from infection. (ibs.fr)
  • no other clinical entity has attached more attention now-a-day than those precipitated by the infection with a hemorrhagic fever virus. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • The infection of mammalian cells by enveloped viruses is triggered by the interaction of viral envelope glycoproteins with the glycosaminoglycan, heparan sulfate. (bvsalud.org)
  • The assessment confirmed the effectiveness for early detection in the event of a suspicion due to clinical signs (13 days post infection in the event of a high transmission rate strain, and within 16 days in the event of low transmission strains) of the collection and the virological sampling of at least five pigs (dead or with clinical signs if a sufficient number of dead pigs is not found). (nsdfu.org)
  • AV412 This ELS aimed to assess the average, shortest and longest period between the earliest point of infection of a pig herd with AV412 an CSFV virus, and the time of reporting of a suspicion by the competent authority. (nsdfu.org)
  • 4) Cotton-rats, guineapigs and rabbits show no clinical signs of infection after intracerebral inoculation of late passage mouse brain virus. (paho.org)
  • 5) Monkeys develop an inapparent infection after subcutaneous inoculation with mouse brain virus. (paho.org)
  • Z ported human infections indicated that clinical characteris- ika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted virus in the tics of infection with ZIKV included fever, headache, mal- family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus . (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • Fast, accurate and reliable methods for the diagnosis of influenza virus infection are needed for surveillance of emerging viruses, outbreak management, early antiviral treatment, prophylaxis and infection control. (who.int)
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a serious, potentially life-threatening viral infection caused by a previously unrecognized virus from the Coronaviridae family, the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). (medscape.com)
  • RÉSUMÉ En 2001, le programme de vaccination antirougeoleuse en Arabie saoudite est passé à deux doses du vaccin antirougeoleux-antiourlien-antirubéoleux, la première à 12 mois et la seconde à 6 ans. (who.int)
  • Le programme de vaccination antirougeoleuse en deux doses peut induire une protection optimale à l'entrée à l'école primaire lorsqu'une forte couverture vaccinale est assurée. (who.int)
  • Still, it is difficult to determine whether Delta is actually making people sicker than previous forms of the virus or if it is simply circulating amongst more vulnerable populations where case numbers are high, vaccination rates are low and increased stress on hospital systems is impacting patient care and disease outcomes. (asm.org)
  • Data from the study indicated that, on average, the Delta variant was 2.9 times less susceptible to neutralization than the Wuhan strain, but most convalescent serum samples and all vaccination serum samples showed detectable neutralization activity. (asm.org)
  • In addition, the tests have the potential to identify correlates of heterologous protection induced by vaccination. (forschung3r.ch)
  • Preventive vaccination has historically been the most efficient measure of influenza control, but this approach presents important limitations due to the accumulation of antigenic mutations in the virus, known as antigenic drift. (distantreader.org)
  • Defining surrogate serologic tests with respect to predicting protective vaccine efficacy: Poliovirus vaccination. (who.int)
  • Scientists have identified a small family of lab-made proteins that neutralize a broad range of influenza A viruses, including the H5N1 avian virus, the 1918 pandemic influenza virus and seasonal H1N1 flu viruses. (science20.com)
  • This has led to a growing concern regarding the pandemic potential of the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses. (justia.com)
  • The MAbs recognize the highly conserved HA1 region of H5N1 hemagglutinin and inhibit multiple strains of the H5N1 virus, as well as treated mice infected with a lethal dose of H5N1 viruses of two divergent strains, demonstrating their potential as therapeutic agents for multivalent prophylaxis and treatment of influenza. (justia.com)
  • In another embodiment, the epitope has at least 95% or at least 98% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin. (justia.com)
  • Furthermore, we describe its protective activity in mice after lethal challenge with H1N1 and H5N1 viruses suggesting a potential application in the treatment of influenza virus infections. (distantreader.org)
  • Since 2004, PCR has been instrumental in the early detection of various zoonotic influenza viruses in humans, including A(H5N1), A(H5N6), A(H7N9), A(H9N2) and others in the Western Pacific Region. (who.int)
  • To analyze this strain of WNV KUN , we conducted genomic sequencing, antigenic profiling, in vitro growth kinetics, and mouse virulence studies on virus isolates from diseased animals and mosquitoes. (cdc.gov)
  • Cross-neutralization studies indicated that there are 2 antigenic sub-groups exist among the regional highly virulent viruses. (tubitak.gov.tr)
  • According to the results of this study, the majority of the highly virulent viruses causing acute disease outbreaks in Turkey were found to belong to classic antigenic group and no real antigenic variant infectious bursal disease virus was detected. (tubitak.gov.tr)
  • This problem originates from the existence of seven known serotypes of FMDV, with which high antigenic variation of virus is observed. (forschung3r.ch)
  • For these reasons, continuous vaccine testing and modification in the light of recent antigenic changes to the virus is required. (forschung3r.ch)
  • Influenza A(H3N2) viruses evade human immunity primarily by acquiring antigenic changes in the haemagglutinin (HA). (cdc.gov)
  • HA receptor-binding features of contemporary A(H3N2) viruses hinder traditional antigenic characterization using haemagglutination inhibition and promote selection of HA mutants. (cdc.gov)
  • We developed a high content imaging-based neutralization test (HINT) to reduce antigenic mischaracterization resulting from virus adaptation to cell culture. (cdc.gov)
  • Notably, this technique elucidated the antigenic characteristics of clinical specimens, enabling direct characterization of viruses produced in vivo, and eliminating in vitro culture, which rapidly alters the genotype/phenotype. (cdc.gov)
  • 3 National Influenza Centres (NICs, usually national or provincial diagnostic or reference laboratories) report in-country influenza activity to WHO and refer a subset of clinical specimens or virus isolates to WHO collaborating centres (WHO CCs) for detailed antigenic and genetic characterization, antiviral drug susceptibility testing and other analyses. (who.int)
  • The traditional method of influenza virus detection by isolation in eggs or cell culture followed by antigenic typing is labour-intensive and time-consuming, particularly in the context of an outbreak. (who.int)
  • A neutralization test in vitro showed that the peptide-specific mouse antisera of IDE4 (242-256 aa) and HN341-355, a reported neutralizing linear epitope, could partially neutralize avirulent LaSota as well as virulent strains at similar levels, suggesting that IDE4 might be a potential neutralizing linear epitope. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most of the IDEs are highly conserved among the different strains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The anti-sera raised against F9 and 255 neutralised 20.5 and 11.5 %, and 47.4 and 64.1 % of field isolates tested, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study also suggests that dual FCV vaccine strains might neutralize more field isolates compared to single vaccine strains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Serbian BPIV3c isolates were most similar to the Chinese BPIV3c isolates SD0805, SD0809 and SD0835 (from 97.92% to 99.7%), and to South Korean (12Q061), Japanese (HS9) and American (TVMDL16 and TVMDL20) BPIV3c strains (from 97.1% to 98.8%), and distinct from American (TVMDL15and TVMDL17) and Australian (Q5592) BPI3V genotype B strains (only 79.9% to 82.3% similarity), as well as from the genotype A BPIV3 strains from different countries published in GenBank. (ceon.rs)
  • In general, the primary isolates were relatively resistant to neutralization by the MAbs tested, compared with the T-cell line-adapted strains. (ox.ac.uk)
  • tory testing to the Arbovirus Diagnostic Laboratory at the Over the next 20 years, several ZIKV isolates were Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, Fort obtained from Aedes spp. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • The aim of the present study is to describe the results of clinical and virological investigations on the first outbreak of a genetic lineage 2 West Nile virus (WNV) encephalomyelitis in horses. (ivis.org)
  • G34, G41 and ETL3 strains that were isolated from clinical cases were found to be antigenically very similar to standard D78 strain and classified as one sub-group. (tubitak.gov.tr)
  • SAB-185, which is also going through phase 3 clinical trials, "retains neutralization activity" against the new, rapidly-spreading variant according to data generated by scientists at the US Food and Drug Administration Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. (sdbio.org)
  • In Sweden, 18 % of feline clinical samples submitted for virus isolation to the National Veterinary Institute during the year 2000 tested positive for FCV, while healthy carriers of FCV in Swedish catteries were estimated at 2.6 % [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Various vaccine candidates have been developed and are currently tested in preclinical or clinical studies (reviewed in references 4 - 7 ). (asm.org)
  • Thus, the S-VLP nanoparticle vaccine candidate is efficient and safe, based on a proven classical approach for further development and clinical testing. (ibs.fr)
  • Our investigators also successfully completed a phase I clinical trial that tested the first-in-human delivery of an oncolytic virus employing mesenchymal stem cells, a strategy intended to protect the virus from neutralization and to optimize tumor homing. (mayo.edu)
  • Other research successes include novel immunovirotherapy approaches and receiving approval of investigational new drug applications after the launch of clinical trials testing first-in-human intravenous administration of vesicular stomatitis virus strains in patients with endometrial cancer or hematologic malignancies (multiple myeloma, acute myeloid leukemia and T-cell lymphoma). (mayo.edu)
  • in 1987, an isolated case of fatal marburg disease was recognized during routine clinical haemorrhagic fever virus surveillance conducted in kenya. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • If you have an immune response that limits the amount of viral shedding [in the nose and throat], that will limit the amount of virus in the aerosol you produce when you talk or breathe," said Julian Tang, an honorary associate professor and clinical virologist at the University of Leicester. (politico.eu)
  • Ferret reference antisera were raised using clinical specimens containing viruses representing recent vaccine strains. (cdc.gov)
  • The time to detection, when five dead pigs (or five CCN1 pigs with clinical signs) were virologically tested, was also estimated. (nsdfu.org)
  • In contrast, serological testing of randomly selected pigs in herds, where clinical signs have not been observed, can be considered effective only in specific situations (e.g. in support to the epidemiological investigation) and should not be recommended as a general procedure. (nsdfu.org)
  • In an experiment where primary cultures of chicken embryo fibroblasts were treated with alpha/beta interferon, results indicated that this interaction induced an antiviral state that strongly inhibited vaccinia and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) replication, but didn't have an effect on avian reovirus, specifically the replication of the S1133 strain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Seneca Valley virus (SVV), a member of Picornaviridae, causes vesicular disease in pigs. (usda.gov)
  • Our investigators have pioneered first-in-human testing of different viral platforms that they developed as oncolytic agents, including measles virus strains encoding the sodium iodide symporter gene, vesicular stomatitis virus strains encoding the human interferon beta and NIS genes, and measles virus strains encoding the TLR-2 agonist neutrophil activating protein. (mayo.edu)
  • This allows me to test the exciting hypothesis that a non-HIV antigen may be required to elicit HIV-bnAbs. (wrfseattle.org)
  • Dr. Vile's research includes the study of oncolytic viruses, adoptive cell therapy, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. (mayo.edu)
  • development of the immunoenzyme test-system for detection of ebola virus antigen]. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • an enzyme immunoassay system has been developed for the detection of ebola virus antigen. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • the biochemical and hemostatic parameters were compared in guinea pigs after inoculation of ebola virus strains lethal and nonlethal for them and of inactivated antigen of this virus. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • The most important protective antigen on the surface of influenza virus is HA, whose structure can be divided in two distinct regions: the globular head, responsible for the binding to the sialic acid, and the stem region that contains the fusion peptide and the membrane anchor domain. (distantreader.org)
  • The influenza pandemic in 2009 was caused by influenza A virus H1N1 of swine origin. (justia.com)
  • GISRS monitoring of circulating influenza viruses in humans enables timely detection and reporting of significant changes in seasonal influenza viruses such as the emergence of the influenza A(H1N1) pandemic virus in 2009 and the rapid global spread of oseltamivir-resistant seasonal H1N1 viruses in 2007-2008. (who.int)
  • The anti-sera against the more recently introduced vaccine strains G1 and 431 neutralized 33.3 and 70.5 % and 69.2 and 89.7 %, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By testing pig sera ( n = 139) in parallel, the cELISA showed excellent agreement (Kappa = 0.957) with VNT. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mouse and rabbit sera were tested to address the impact of the PC on DB immunogenicity. (asm.org)
  • So far, no alternative tests applicable to such sera have been developed and systematically applied to vaccine testing. (forschung3r.ch)
  • Importantly, we also analyzed the capacity of sera from ECs to neutralize a panel of HIV strains including transmitted/founder virus. (pasteur.fr)
  • We constructed IDEs-RFP plasmids and prepared anti-IDEs peptide mouse sera to identify IDEs through immunological tests. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 6) Of 99 human sera tested, 6 (6.1 per cent. (paho.org)
  • These in vitro data demonstrate that SAB-185 retains neutralization activity against the Omicron variant as has been consistently shown with previous SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern," said Eddie Sullivan, co-founder, President and CEO of SAB Biotherapeutics, in a statement. (sdbio.org)
  • The data reported so far yielded a heterogeneous picture with respect to the degree of cross-neutralization between Omicron and pre-Omicron variants, with most studies using samples from pre-immune, i.e. vaccinated and/or convalescent, individuals ( 10 - 17 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Dual vaccine strains displayed a higher cross-neutralization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • the ravn isolate was indistinguishable from reference marburg virus strains by cross-neutralization testing. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • 2) Cross neutralization tests indicate that Zika virus is not related to yellow fever, Hawaii dengue nor to the FA and GD VII strains of Theiler's mouse encephalomyelitis virus. (paho.org)
  • Results showed that most of the cases were caused by a variant West Nile virus (WNV) strain, WNV NSW2011 , that is most closely related to WNV Kunjin (WNV KUN ), the indigenous WNV strain in Australia. (cdc.gov)
  • Central Anatolia: ETL3) isolated from infectious bursal disease outbreaks that occured during 1990's in Turkey were investigated compara-tively with the reference serotype 1 classic D78 strain, variant E (Ev) and serotype 2 OH viruses by cross virus neutralization (VN). (tubitak.gov.tr)
  • SAB: This treatment showed 'potent neutralization of the Omicron variant' in lab testing. (sdbio.org)
  • While there was a mild to moderate reduction in potency, SAB-185 still showed "potent neutralization of the Omicron variant," according to FDA research. (sdbio.org)
  • SAB-185 also has neutralized the Munich, South African, Delta, Lambda, and other circulating variant strains in nonclinical studies. (sdbio.org)
  • People who received the Omicron shot as their second booster did slightly better against all four strains, and individuals who had received the original booster and been infected with the BA.2 variant performed better than any of the other groups against BQ.1 and BQ.1.1 even as they did much worse against XBB and XBB.1. (rt.com)
  • The Columbia University study did not compare unvaccinated patients who had been infected with any of the strains, though several earlier studies found natural immunity alone was more effective in neutralizing the Delta variant of the coronavirus than vaccine-derived immunity alone. (rt.com)
  • As the heavily mutated spike protein enables neutralization escape, we studied serum-neutralizing activities of naïve and vaccinated individuals after Omicron BA.1 or BA.2 sub-lineage infections in live virus neutralization tests with Omicron BA.1, Omicron BA.2, wildtype (WT, B1.1), and Delta (B.1.617.2) strains. (frontiersin.org)
  • Serum neutralization of Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants was detectable after three-dose mRNA vaccinations, but with reduced titers. (frontiersin.org)
  • Removing this protein from this particular viral strain disables the posttranslational capacity of infected cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both tested specimens were positive and allowed for molecular characterization of the viral strain. (ivis.org)
  • They can be confirmed using virus isolation, complement fixation, ELISA, immunodiffusion or histopathology (following postmortem exam). (wikipedia.org)
  • characterization of a new marburg virus isolated from a 1987 fatal case in kenya. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • this report describes the isolation and partial characterization of the new marburg virus (strain ravn) isolated from this case. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • My curiosity about viruses and immunity stems from my undergraduate studies. (wrfseattle.org)
  • However, it has been difficult to obtain MAbs which neutralize divergent strains of influenza viruses with sufficient cross-protective immunity. (justia.com)
  • In a pandemic, a new influenza virus emerges and infects the human population which has little or no pre-existing immunity ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Influenza A viruses can include any one of the 16 known subtypes of HA proteins, which fall into two groups, Group 1 and Group 2. (science20.com)
  • The current therapeutic regimen for influenza A viruses is limited to two classes of drugs: the adamantanes (amantadine and rimantadine) and the neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir and zanamivir). (distantreader.org)
  • Our versatile platform provides the capability to quickly add strains and adjust to new variants. (sdbio.org)
  • Also, protein σA, which is a core protein of the S1133 strain, binds to dsRNA irreversibly. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hidden part of the influenza virus is in the neck below the peanut-shaped head of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein. (science20.com)
  • the resolving capacity of the new test system is 1.9 x 10(-7) g protein. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Phylogenetic analysis of virus protein 1 sequences indicated emergence of a new topotype within serotype O, East Africa 4. (blogspot.com)
  • Phylogenetic analysis of the virus protein (VP) 1 region of FMD viruses has been used extensively to investigate the molecular epidemiology of the disease worldwide. (blogspot.com)
  • As an enveloped virus with a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome, NDV encodes the six structural proteins: nucleoprotein (NP), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), fusion protein (F), hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and large polymerase protein (L) [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We are evaluating the relationship between protection and the capacity of a serum to promote Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis of FMDV immune complexes by macrophages and dendritic cells in terms of virus destructionn, and Fc receptor-mediated IFN-alpha and cytokine responses in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (see Figure 1). (forschung3r.ch)
  • Pathogenicity and physical properties Dick, G. W. A. (1) A description is given of the adaptation to mice of two strains of Zika virus. (paho.org)
  • While mice of all ages tested are susceptible to intracerebral inoculations with Zika mouse brain virus, mice of 2 weeks of age and over can rarely be infected by the intraperitoneal route. (paho.org)
  • Mice younger than 2 weeks are highly susceptible to intraperitoneal inoculation of the virus. (paho.org)
  • 3) Zika virus is highly neurotropic in mice and no virus has been recovered from tissues other than the brains of infected mice. (paho.org)
  • The results of other serological assays were concordant with the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). (ivis.org)
  • CDC Arboviral Diseases Branch confirmed DENV-3 by plaque reduction neutralization testing. (medscape.com)
  • These releases were undertaken under operational conditions with the aim of rapidly scaling the intervention in response to the Zika virus crisis. (mvcac.org)
  • There is growing evidence that Zika virus (ZIKV) can cause devastating infant brain defects and other neurological disorders in humans. (paho.org)
  • Zika virus. (paho.org)
  • Zika is the name of a forest area near Entebbe, Uganda, where both strains of virus were isolated. (paho.org)
  • 7) The size of Zika virus is estimated to eb in the region of 30 to 45 mμ in diameter. (paho.org)
  • The virus has been called Zika virus after the locality from where the isolations were made. (paho.org)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne fl avivirus fi rst studies in the absence of epidemics ( 6 - 8 ). (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • 181B potentially associated with Zika virus (ZIKV) has highlighted the urgent need to identify individuals infected with ZIKV. (who.int)
  • All samples were conducted for virus isolation on the MDBK cell line. (ceon.rs)
  • 6.7%) that were also positive upon virus isolation. (ceon.rs)
  • Haddow, A. J. (1) The isolation of what is believed to be a hitherto unrecorded virus is described. (paho.org)
  • Over the past few years we have had frequent requests for the details such as isolation and attenuation and accordingly we felt that bringing the data together in the report below would be both helpful and informative to those involved in the production and control of poliovirus vaccine (oral) prepared from these strains. (who.int)
  • MPXV belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family, which is genetically closely linked to other Orthopoxvirus viruses, such as variola virus (VARV), vaccinia virus (VACV) and cowpox virus (CPXV). (nature.com)
  • Developed tests will have the potential of serving as improved correlates of protection against homologous or closely related FMDV vaccine strains. (forschung3r.ch)
  • Whole genome sequencing by CDC's Dengue Branch later revealed that closely related DENV-3 strains not known to be circulating in the patient's travel region were identified in both patient A and pool A, suggesting local DENV transmission. (medscape.com)
  • The virus can be classified into different subtypes based on their surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). (justia.com)
  • These rare mAbs bind to functionally conserved epitopes such as those in the hemagglutinin (HA) stem, thereby providing strain independent protection. (frontiersin.org)
  • Next, in live virus cytopathic effect assays, the authors noted a potent neutralizing activity of P2G3 against the D614G strain and VOCs. (news-medical.net)
  • Recently, standard procedures were adopted for conducting neutralization assays. (who.int)
  • JYNNEOS is a live vaccine produced from the strain Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN), an attenuated , non-replicating orthopoxvirus. (rxlist.com)
  • History of Sabin attenuated poliovirus oral live vaccine strains. (who.int)
  • All derivatives were chemically characterized and evaluated for their antiviral activity against herpes (HSV-1, strains KOS and AR) and dengue (DENV-2) viruses. (bvsalud.org)
  • Antiviral activity was identified when 2′-C-methylated nucleosides were tested, suggesting that these compounds might represent promising lead candidates for further development of specific antivirals against ZIKV. (paho.org)
  • Since the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019, the virus has spread rapidly and globally, leading to a pandemic outbreak. (nature.com)
  • The ongoing pandemic caused by mpox virus (MPXV) has become an international public health emergency that poses a significant threat to global health. (nature.com)
  • Through the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework, vaccine, antiviral and diagnostics manufacturers benefitting from the sharing of viruses and data collected through GISRS return a monetary contribution to WHO to help strengthen surveillance in the laboratory network, particularly in countries with lower capacity. (who.int)
  • On November 7, 2022, dengue virus (DENV), which is not endemic in the continental United States, [ 1 ] was identified in a Maricopa County, Arizona resident by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing at Arizona State Public Health Laboratory (ASPHL). (medscape.com)
  • A pregnant woman can pass the dengue virus to her fetus during pregnancy or around the time of birth, although the rate of vertical transmission appears low (see World Health Organization [WHO]: Dengue and severe dengue ). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Breast milk as a possible route of vertical transmission of dengue virus? (msdmanuals.com)
  • Data indicate that Delta is 40-60% more transmissible than Alpha and almost twice as transmissible as the original Wuhan strain of SARS-CoV-2. (asm.org)
  • According to surveys conducted in the U.K., where Delta accounts for ~90% of current COVID-19 cases, symptoms of Delta tend to be a little different than other strains, but that does not necessarily mean the associated symptoms are more severe. (asm.org)
  • Ebola virus is part of the Filoviridae family of viruses. (immunopaedia.org.za)
  • Some of the symptoms of Ebola virus disease include vomiting, diarrhea, fever and eventually bleeding through different parts of the body such as the eyes and ears. (immunopaedia.org.za)
  • this study describes the pathogenesis of the ebola-reston (ebo-r) subtype of ebola virus for experimentally infected cynomolgus monkeys. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • the media have brought to the public's attention many newly described infectious diseases, such as ebola virus hemorrhagic fever, that were not part of common medical parlance a decade ago. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • change in biochemical and hemostatic indicators in guinea pigs upon administering ebola virus preparations]. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • In 2017, GISRS laboratories in the Western Pacific Region tested nearly 800 000 specimens for influenza ( Fig. 1 ). (who.int)
  • This novel cELISA is a rapid, simple, safe and cost effective approach for detection of C-strain CSF vaccine-induced immune response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In various cellular system, to test the influence of immune complexes obtained from vaccinated cattle and pigs were established. (forschung3r.ch)
  • This dead virus is injected to trigger an immune response. (politico.eu)
  • Preclinical data has also indicated that SAB-185 is" significantly more potent" than plasma from humans who have recovered from the virus. (sdbio.org)
  • Virus particles can range between 70 and 80 nm. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this study, researchers at the IBS (EBEV, CAID, MEM et M&P groups), in collaboration with IDMIT, Amsterdam University and Institut Pasteur, develop synthetic SARS-CoV2 S glycoprotein-coated liposomes that resemble virus-like particles. (ibs.fr)
  • This is pertinent to regions in large parts of the developing world in which the FMD virus (FMDV) is endemic, as well as during an epidemic in FMDV free areas such as Europe. (forschung3r.ch)
  • Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the causative agent of a highly contagious and economically devastating disease of cloven-hooved domestic and wild animals. (blogspot.com)
  • The vaccinia virus Tiantan strain (VTT) was used to vaccinate against smallpox in China 42 years ago. (nature.com)
  • Mpox is a zoonotic disease caused by the mpox virus (MPXV) characterized by smallpox-like symptoms, including fever and rash, but the signs of mpox are milder and the mortality rate is lower than those of smallpox. (nature.com)
  • ACAM2000, a replicating vaccinia virus-based second generation smallpox vaccine, can provide effective protection even after exposure to MPXV. (nature.com)
  • Atypical BTV strains are phylogenetically distinct from the classical BTV serotypes 1-24 and differ in terms of several biological features. (mdpi.com)
  • To further understand its complex epidemiology, which involves multiple virus serotypes and host species, we characterized the viruses recovered from FMD outbreaks in Ethiopia during 1981-2007. (blogspot.com)
  • The causative agents, enveloped single-strand RNA viruses from the genus Flavivirus with 4 serotypes, are transmitted by the bite of Aedes mosquitoes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Since the previous report,1 the WHO Biosafety Inspection Team visited the biosafety level 4 laboratory at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States of America in March 2009 and found the facility safe and secure for work with live variola virus. (who.int)
  • This will then be submitted to the Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research for consideration and additional comment. (who.int)
  • Members of the Advisory Committee also stressed that Member States need to be aware of recent advances in synthetic biology, which now make it possible to synthesize a full-length variola virus genome. (who.int)
  • In resolution WHA52.10 the Health Assembly mandated that only the two WHO- approved repositories may hold stocks of variola virus, but this approach needs review as it no longer ensures that full-length variola genomes exist in the two repositories only. (who.int)
  • These advances also necessitate the continued evaluation of existing guidelines on work with live variola virus and variola virus DNA. (who.int)
  • Even if poxvirus genome synthesis projects were to be undertaken, the creation of a synthetic variola virus is prohibited by existing regulations. (who.int)
  • Instead, extracts of cells that were infected with avian-reovirus were able to block the activation of dsRNA-dependent enzymes, enabling the virus to relieve the translation-inhibitory activity of dsRNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dr. Marasco, Jianhua Sui, M.D., Ph.D., and other Dana-Farber colleagues began their study with avian flu viruses. (science20.com)
  • It is caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV), also known as avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1) or orthoavulavirus-1, which is currently classified into the genus Orthoavulavirus of subfamily Avulavirinae in the family Paramyxoviridae of order Mononegaviriales (ICTV) [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Aside, the time to detection of a potential CSF outbreak in a herd given a surveillance scheme based on weekly sampling of at least two dead post weaning pigs for virus detection was also assessed. (nsdfu.org)
  • Squires RC, Reading PC, Sullivan SG, Barr IG, Konings F. Influenza virus detection: driving change in public health laboratories in the Western Pacific Region. (who.int)
  • Influenza virus detection has helped drive the development of diagnostic and virology laboratories in the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region over the last 10-15 years, at the same time strengthening their capacity to detect and respond to infectious threats beyond influenza. (who.int)
  • Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) occurs in all age groups. (iastate.edu)
  • Background: From early life, respiratory viruses are implicated in the development, exacerbation and persistence of respiratory conditions such as asthma. (authorea.com)
  • [ 5 , 6 ] On February 11, 2020, the Coronavirus Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses issued a statement announcing an official designation for the novel virus: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). (medscape.com)
  • A voluntary network of laboratories that submit test data to the CDC will provide valuable information as another early indicator of spread, along with other respiratory diseases (eg, influenza, RSV). (medscape.com)
  • Each 0.5 mL dose is formulated to contain 0.5 x 10 8 to 3.95 x 10 8 infectious units of MVA-BN live virus in 10 mM Tris (tromethamine), 140 mM sodium chloride at pH 7.7. (rxlist.com)
  • The virus is highly infectious (infectious dose is as little as 10 virions) but not highly contagious. (iastate.edu)
  • Patrick Manson, in his tropical medicine text of 1898, referred only to a "germ or virus," though noting that it probably required an interval of time outside the body to render it infectious [2]. (brewminate.com)
  • Anti-RBD IgG (RBD-IgG) titers have been shown to be strongly and positively correlated with virus neutralization 6 . (nature.com)
  • In addition to the possible disruption of IFN-induced cellular responses, chicken embryo fibroblasts that are infected with strain S1133 have displayed significant cytopathic effects. (wikipedia.org)
  • Wuhan being a transport hub, and the crowd of people during New Chinese Year played a considerable role in the virus spread across the country. (benthamscience.com)
  • Like their progenitor, they have mutations in the region of the virus that binds to cells that make them extremely transmissible. (rt.com)
  • Due to the highly contagious nature of pathogens and the susceptibility of every human the virus spread rapidly across China then Globally. (benthamscience.com)
  • In Australia, Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) Kunjin (KUN) strain are the main etiologic agents of arboviral encephalitis in humans, which usually occurs as isolated sporadic cases or occasional small outbreaks, mainly in northwestern Australia and rarely in southern regions ( Figure 1 , panel A) ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The Influenza A virus, which belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family, can cause influenza in humans, birds or domesticated food animals. (justia.com)
  • The reservoir of the virus is most likely bats and the virus can then spread to humans. (immunopaedia.org.za)
  • Загальні відомості про арбовірусні, аренавірусні та філовірусні інфекції Arbovirus (arthropod-borne virus) applies to any virus that is transmitted to humans and/or other vertebrates by certain species of blood-feeding arthropods, chiefly insects (flies and mosquitoes). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Aedes mosquitoes may acquire the virus when they feed on humans during this period. (msdmanuals.com)