• Latency is the phase in certain viruses' life cycles in which, after initial infection, proliferation of virus particles ceases. (wikipedia.org)
  • One example is the herpes virus family, Herpesviridae, all of which establish latent infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both proviral and episomal latency may require maintenance for continued infection and fidelity of viral genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • After primary infection, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) remains latent in neurons of the host. (gla.ac.uk)
  • During infection of cells with in1814 at low multiplicity of infection (MOI), only a minor proportion of infecting viruses undergo replication, whereas the majority of viral genomes enter a quiescent state. (gla.ac.uk)
  • An in vitro latency system has been developed by D.R.S. Jamieson and C.M. Preston using two modifications which further reduce the expression of viral IE proteins, thereby enabling infection of human foetal lung (HFL) cells with in1814 at high MOI without extensive cell destruction. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). (lookformedical.com)
  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has the ability to promote cell cycle progression following the initial infection of primary resting B-lymphocytes and to cause cell cycle arrest at the onset of the viral replicative cycle. (figshare.com)
  • The frequency and mechanisms underlying nonproductive or latent HIV infections of normal CD4 + lymphocytes largely remain unexplored, and because HIV latency has principally been studied in latently infected cell clones of established cell lines, it is not even clear how often this type of infection occurs in cell lines. (utmb.edu)
  • Cutaneous vesicles characteristic of herpes simplex virus infection. (medscape.com)
  • The virus travels from the site of infection in the skin or mucosa to the sensory dorsal root and remains latent until a recurrent outbreak. (medscape.com)
  • However, zoonotic infection with B virus in humans usually results in fatal encephalomyelitis or severe neurologic impairment. (cdc.gov)
  • Approximately 40 cases of zoonotic B-virus infection have been reported. (cdc.gov)
  • The first documented case of human B-virus infection occurred in 1932 when a researcher (patient W.B.) was bitten on the hand by an apparently healthy rhesus macaque ( Macaca mulatta ) and died of progressive encephalomyelitis 15 days later. (cdc.gov)
  • Both the molecular and physical properties of a virus determine the course of infection. (news-medical.net)
  • The result of the present study is a first step towards the goal of developing a drug and we already have positive preliminary data showing that a herpes infection can be stopped for all types of herpes virus including the resistant strains. (news-medical.net)
  • Pharmacological reactivation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) expression from latent proviruses coupled with fully suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been suggested as a strategy to eradicate HIV infection. (frontiersin.org)
  • Epstein-Barr Virus microRNA Expression and Function in Persistent Infection and Oncogenesis. (tufts.edu)
  • There is currently no vaccine to prevent infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 (HSV-1 or HSV-2). (virology.ws)
  • Infection with either of these viruses results in life-long viral latency. (virology.ws)
  • Guinea pigs are a much more suitable model for human herpes virus infection and disease because they closely mimic human disease caused by HSV-2. (virology.ws)
  • The VC2 vaccine prevents HSV infection of neuronal axons and establishment of latency. (virology.ws)
  • A latent infection is when the virus in the body is dormant and does not replicate within the host. (thehindu.com)
  • A perfect example of this would be chickenpox, caused by the human herpesvirus 3 - after infection, "the body responds and the virus goes into latency. (thehindu.com)
  • According to him, HIV can also go into latency after infection. (thehindu.com)
  • One-step multiplex real-time PCR assay to analyse the latency patterns of Epstein-Barr virus infection. (qiagen.com)
  • The herpes simplex virus never leaves the body once the infection has occurred. (progressivehealth.com)
  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, malaria, immunodeficiency and spontaneous, somatic mutation can all contribute to the origin and maintenance of this cancer and their mechanisms are the subject of this review. (bmj.com)
  • Latent infection with adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The results of a recent study have highlighted two seasons that are associated with an increased incidence of RSV virus infection, which peak during January and March in Turkey ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • HHV-3, also known as varicella-zoster virus (VZV), causes the primary infection chickenpox and the secondary reactivation disease herpes zoster. (medscape.com)
  • HHV-4, also known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), causes the primary infection infectious mononucleosis , and it is implicated in various diseases, such as African Burkitt lymphoma , other immunoproliferative disorders, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • [ 5 , 6 ] In a localized primary infection, the virus penetrates the mucosal epithelium and invades the cells of the basal layer, where the viral DNA inserts into the host DNA. (medscape.com)
  • Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) establishes life-long infection in Bcells, characterized by periods of latency and reactivation. (cdc.gov)
  • The mutant viruses were then studied in single-step growth curve experiments, by assaying for plaques in a variety of cell types and by analysis of viral polypeptide synthesis during productive infection at high and low multiplicities. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Combination drug treatments have become successful at long-term control of HIV infection, but the goal of totally wiping out the virus and curing patients has so far been stymied by HIV's ability to hide out in cells and become dormant for long periods of time. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • A: AIDS is caused by infection with a virus called human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (fromthetrenchesworldreport.com)
  • Oral herpes is an infection caused by the herpes simplex virus. (webmd.com)
  • Primary infection: The virus enters your skin or mucous membrane and reproduces. (webmd.com)
  • This stage is also called chronic HIV infection or clinical latency. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Introduction: Herpes simplex labialis occurs by reactivation of herpes simplex virus type I, but infection with the virus type II can also lead to disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, infection with the virus type 2 (HSV-2) can also lead to primary herpes labialis, although this type rarely causes a recurrence of the disease 9 . (bvsalud.org)
  • The first exposure of an individual without antibodies against the virus is called primary infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is caused by reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus (VZV) decades after initial VZV infection is established. (cdc.gov)
  • Herpes virus infections are lifelong, with latency periods between recurring reactivations, making treatment difficult. (news-medical.net)
  • We hope that our research will contribute to the fight against viral infections that have so far been incurable', says Alex Evilevitch, Associate Professor and senior lecturer at Lund University who, together with his research team, Virus Biophysics, has published the new findings. (news-medical.net)
  • The drugs available today for combatting viral infections are highly specialised against the viral proteins, and if the virus mutates, which regularly occurs, the drug is rendered ineffective. (news-medical.net)
  • However, if you succeed in developing a treatment that attacks the physical properties of a virus, such as lowering the pressure inside the herpes virus shell, it should be possible to counter many different types of viral infections within the same virus family using the same drug. (news-medical.net)
  • Human adenovirus, a DNA virus, is associated with respiratory infections and smoking-induced lung function impairment ( 2 , 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • RSV, which is an enveloped RNA virus, is one of the most important and frequent viruses for respiratory tract infections in infants and young children ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • A common feature of these oncogenic viruses is their capacity to establish persistent infections that are either asymptomatic or are accompanied by benign cell proliferations. (ki.se)
  • Herpes and shingles are both caused by members of the Herpesviridae family of viruses, which can establish latent infections that remain dormant before reactivating at a later time under certain conditions. (lifeextension.com)
  • In this protocol, you will learn about the viruses that cause herpes and shingles, and how these infections are conventionally treated. (lifeextension.com)
  • Although there is no effective cure for herpes virus infections, several natural interventions may help reduce the frequency of outbreaks. (lifeextension.com)
  • The patterns and amounts of viral polypeptide synthesis during high multiplicity infections with mutant and wild-type viruses were similar in all cell types. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Exactly 2,504 volunteers across 19 US cities - all gay men or transgendered people who had sex with men - participated in the massive federally backed study, which hoped to determine whether a vaccine program could prevent HIV infections or reduce the 'viral load': The amount of virus in the blood of infected patients. (fromthetrenchesworldreport.com)
  • Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are ubiquitous and have a wide range of clinical manifestations (see the images below). (medscape.com)
  • This is a biophysical approach to treat viral infections independent of the type of virus within the same virus family. (lu.se)
  • Epstein-Barr virus lytic reactivation (which can be due to chemotherapy or radiation) can result in genome instability and cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • A provirus is a virus genome that is integrated into the DNA of a host cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, viruses that integrate into the host cell's genome can stay there as long as the cell lives. (wikipedia.org)
  • Expression of these latency-associated genes may function to keep the viral genome from being digested by cellular ribozymes or being found out by the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
  • These viruses have incorporated into the human genome in the distant past, and are now transmitted through reproduction. (wikipedia.org)
  • The purpose of the study reported here was to extend previous analysis by D.R.S. Jamieson on the structure of the ml820 genome during latency in vitro, and to characterise early events in the establishment of latency. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Initial experiments confirmed previous data showing that the ml820 genome is nonlinear in the in vitro latency system, as was reported to occur in neurons in vivo. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The B-virus genome is only partially sequenced, but thus far, is colinear with that of HSV ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The new broad-spectrum method targets physical properties in the genome of the virus rather than viral proteins, which have previously been targeted. (news-medical.net)
  • It does not lead to resistance and acts independently of mutations in the genome of the virus. (news-medical.net)
  • The virus consists of a thin protein shell, a capsid, and inside it lies its genome, the genes. (news-medical.net)
  • He, with the help of preclinical studies at the National Institutes of Health in the United States, has identified small molecules that are able to penetrate the virus and 'turn off' the pressure in the genome of the virus without damaging the cell. (news-medical.net)
  • For example, when a herpes virus infects a cell, its genome can remain in that cell as long as that cell is alive," Dr. McNamara says. (thehindu.com)
  • The complete DNA sequence of the long unique region in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Classification of viruses is principally according to their genome sequence taking into consideration nature and structure of their genome and their method of replication, but not according to the diseases they cause (see International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), 2021 release ). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Positive-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded RNA genome that can serve as messenger RNA (mRNA) that can be directly translated to produce an amino acid sequence. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Negative-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded negative-sense genome that first must synthesize a complementary positive-sense antigenome, which is then used to make genomic negative-sense RNA. (msdmanuals.com)
  • the genome of RNA viruses ranges from 3.5 kilobases (some retroviruses) to 27 kilobases (some reoviruses), and the genome of DNA viruses ranges from 5 kilobases (some parvoviruses) to 280 kilobases (some poxviruses). (msdmanuals.com)
  • This manageable size together with the current advances in nucleotide sequencing technology means that partial and whole virus genome sequencing will become an essential component in epidemiologic investigations of disease outbreaks. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Simplified, all viruses consist of a protein shell (capsid) that protects the viral genome (DNA or RNA). (lu.se)
  • Alternatively, following viral DNA release into a cell, cell-virus interaction leads to a dormant (so-called latent) state for a virus where its genome remains in the cell without replication which can later reactive and result in cell lysis. (lu.se)
  • Lastly, by focusing on miRNA target identification, I demonstrated that a miRNA BART18-5p facilitates the maintenance of latency in B cells by inhibiting viral replication by suppressing MAP3K2. (tufts.edu)
  • Examples are Herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus, HIV, Epstein-Barr virus (human herpesvirus 4), and cytomegalovirus. (thehindu.com)
  • Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) cause oral and genital herpes, and varicella-zoster virus causes chickenpox in children and shingles later in life. (lifeextension.com)
  • Virus latency (or viral latency) is the ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant (latent) within a cell, denoted as the lysogenic part of the viral life cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Virus latency is not to be confused with clinical latency during the incubation period when a virus is not dormant. (wikipedia.org)
  • The virus goes into hiding, plummeting to undetectable levels in the blood, lying dormant in so-called cellular reservoirs. (sciencedaily.com)
  • One of the proposed curative strategies for HIV, known as "shock and kill," first uses so-called latency-reversing agents to wake up dormant viruses in the body, making them vulnerable to the patient's immune system. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) establishes latency in myeloid progenitor cells, and is reactivated by inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
  • After the first contact, the virus establishes a life-long latency in sensory nerve ganglia, being more frequent the trigeminal ganglion 13 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Herpes virus include chicken-pox virus and herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2), all of which establish episomal latency in neurons and leave linear genetic material floating in the cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the case of herpes simplex (HSV), the virus has been shown to fuse with DNA in neurons, such as nerve ganglia or neurons, and HSV reactivates upon even minor chromatin loosening with stress, although the chromatin compacts (becomes latent) upon oxygen and nutrient deprivation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The deletion in glycoprotein K prevents the virus from entering the axonal termini of ganglionic neurons and establishing latency. (virology.ws)
  • Li, XD, Moore, B & Cloyd, MW 1996, ' Gradual shutdown of virus production resulting in latency is the norm during the chronic phase of human immunodeficiency virus replication and differential rates and mechanisms of shutdown are determined by viral sequences ', Virology , vol. 225, no. 1, pp. 196-212. (utmb.edu)
  • The book contains cutting-edge research in plant molecular virology, including pathogenic viroids and transport by insect vectors, interference with transmission to control viruses, synergism with pivotal coverage of RNA silencing, and the counter-defensive strategies used by viruses to overcome the silencing response in plants. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • Thus, HIV's life cycle should probably be considered as consisting of two phases: an acute exponential rise in production of virus progeny which levels at some peak, followed by a gradual decline of progeny production during the chronic phase leading to viral latency. (utmb.edu)
  • while a chronic virus will infect its host for extended periods of time, often through the lifetime of the host. (thehindu.com)
  • A chronic virus can go into latency. (thehindu.com)
  • HIV research efforts have long focused on prevention and developing antiretroviral therapies that keep the virus in check without eradicating it, essentially transforming HIV into a manageable chronic condition, says Lucio Gama, Ph.D., assistant professor of molecular and comparative pathobiology at Johns Hopkins and the lead author of the new study. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Some of the proteins expressed by these viruses have co-evolved with host cells to play important roles in normal processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Proteins found in any species of virus. (lookformedical.com)
  • In support of her research into the role of signaling proteins in the pathogenesis of viral associated cancers such as Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpes virus or K.S. HIV. (bwfund.org)
  • The virus has viral proteins that it comes with that can modulate these host signal transduction pathways and the same signal transduction pathways that are modulated by one virus may also be modulated by other oncogenic viruses. (bwfund.org)
  • Our discovery marks a breakthrough in the development of antiviral drugs as it does not target specific viral proteins that can rapidly mutate, causing the development of drug resistance - something that remains unresolved by current antiviral drugs against herpes and other viruses. (news-medical.net)
  • This new edition introduces new, emerging proteins involved in host-virus interactions and provides in-depth coverage of plant virus genes' interactions with host, localization and expression. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • Progression to malignancy is associated with the expression of viral proteins whose primary function is to drive virus replication by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis and the recognition of infected cells by the immune system. (ki.se)
  • Three Epstein-Barr virus latency proteins independently promote genomic instability by inducing DNA damage, inhibiting DNA repair and inactivating cell cycle checkpoints. (ki.se)
  • Firstly, the regulatory region controlling transcription of the gene encoding the IE protein Vmwl 10 has been replaced by the Moloney murine leukaemia virus (MMLV) enhancer. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Temporal analyses of the steady-state levels of viral mRNAs in populations of chronically infected CEM cells as virus production declined revealed the two mechanisms of HIV latency which have previously been described in the OM-10.1 and U1 or ACH-2 latently infected cell clones (i.e., apparent overall shutdown of HIV transcription and 'blocked early-stage latency' involving enhanced splicing of viral pre-mRNAs). (utmb.edu)
  • Transcription from the early and late classes of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) promoters requires prior immediate early (IE) gene expression. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Identification of herpes simplex virus DNA sequences which encode a trans -acting, polypeptide responsible for stimulation of immediate early transcription. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Reverse transcription is accomplished using the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which the virus carries with it inside its shell. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Because RNA transcription does not involve the same error-checking mechanisms as DNA transcription, RNA viruses, particularly retroviruses, are particularly prone to mutation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • And these viruses usually establish lifelong latency in the human population and normally don't cause much of a problem. (bwfund.org)
  • Since VHF share symptoms with many other diseases, positive identification of the disease relies on laboratory evidence of the viruses in the bloodstream, such as detection of antigens and antibodies or isolation of the virus from the body. (who.int)
  • Usually, viruses are associated with things like flu or Ebola, and they actually have been a number of human viruses that are associated with human malignancy. (bwfund.org)
  • EBV was the first virus to be associated with human malignancy, which was discovered from a Burkitt's lymphoma cell line in 1964 ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The guinea pig shares many of the features of genital herpes disease observed in humans, including the establishment of latency in the sensory ganglia. (virology.ws)
  • The lower levels of HIV transcriptional initiation and of most HIV transcripts per provirus in the rectum suggest that this site may be enriched for latently-infected cells, cells in which latency is maintained by different mechanisms, or cells in a "deeper" state of latency. (nih.gov)
  • Yes, I think that many of these viruses, although they're very different from each other, they use very similar mechanisms or pathways to actually induce the transformation process of the oncogenic process. (bwfund.org)
  • Virus Biophysics is a rather new field that seeks to define the physical mechanisms controlling virus development. (lu.se)
  • Viruses are simple lifeless entities that cannot reproduce on their own and therefore depend on host cells to provide them with the necessary life support mechanisms. (lu.se)
  • Our laboratory investigates physical mechanisms in virus-host interactions that regulate the decision between latency and reactivation. (lu.se)
  • Fascinatingly, the LAT/Vmw110 encoding region, the only region transcriptionally active during latency in vivo, was in a regular chromatin structure in the in vitro latency system. (gla.ac.uk)
  • In vivo deletion analysis of the herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript promoter. (1library.net)
  • However, data from the macaque simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) model indicate that in vivo , SIV-specific CTL are only effective during the early stages of the viral replication cycle, and this constitutes an alternative explanation why HIV-specific CTL do not appear to have an impact on HIV reservoirs during ART. (frontiersin.org)
  • The study reported here also showed the absence of a regular chromatin structure on the TK gene and furthermore that the nature of the inhibitor of DNA replication used to prevent the spread of nonlatent virus was not a significant variable. (gla.ac.uk)
  • We and a few other groups have trials going on - we're the only locally, maybe one of two in the country using first generation FDA-approved compounds to try to stimulate HIV out of latency as well as decreasing virus replication. (sciencedaily.com)
  • It's a two-pronged approach, trying to stop replication and then drive out any latent virus so it can be killed," Dr. Pomerantz says. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A deneddylase encoded by Epstein-Barr virus promotes viral DNA replication by regulating the activity of cullin-RING ligases. (ki.se)
  • Some viruses have an outer envelope consisting of protein and lipid, surrounding a protein capsid complex with genomic RNA or DNA and sometimes enzymes needed for the first steps of viral replication. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Certain single-strand, (+) sense RNA viruses termed retroviruses use a very different method of replication. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The recurrent herpes labialis occurs by reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). (bvsalud.org)
  • Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are ubiquitous and persistent herpesviruses commonly acquired during childhood. (lu.se)
  • By acting as a Trojan horse for cell invasion, viruses have taught us many of the basic principles that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and death. (ki.se)
  • In this latency type, viral genes are stabilized, floating in the cytoplasm or nucleus as distinct objects, either as linear or lariat structures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Latency is generally maintained by viral genes expressed primarily during latency. (wikipedia.org)
  • Following fusion of the virus envelope with the cell membrane Vmw65 is released into the cell and forms a complex with cellular factors which bind to TAATGARAT (where R is a purine) elements upstream of the viral immediate early (IE) genes. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The treatment consists of new molecules that penetrate the protein shell of the virus and prevent genes from leaving the virus to infect the cell. (news-medical.net)
  • The pressure is 20 atmospheres, which is four times higher than in a champagne bottle and this allows herpes viruses to infect a cell by ejecting its genes at high speed into the cell nucleus after the virus has entered the cell. (news-medical.net)
  • its inactivity leads to the failure to express viral genes so that the virus does not enter the lytic cycle. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Identification of immediate early genes from herpes simplex virus that transactivate the virus thymidine kinase gene. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • How long this stage lasts depends on how quickly the HIV virus copies itself, and how the person's genes affect the way the body handles the virus. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Knowledge of the clinical signs and risk factors for human B-virus disease allows early initiation of antiviral therapy and prevents severe disease or death. (cdc.gov)
  • The medical journal Intervirology published a clinical study performed in 2009 in which scientists at Golestan University of Medical Sciences and Health Care in Gorgan, Iran used Echinacea purpurea to prevent the spread of the herpes simplex virus to the eyes during the latent stage. (progressivehealth.com)
  • Also, see the Herpes Simplex Viruses: Test Your Knowledge slideshow for more information on clinical, histologic, and radiographic imaging findings in HSV-1 and HSV-2. (medscape.com)
  • In Brazil, studies have been conducted using MLAEP in clinical conditions such as auditory processing disorder central 10 , aphasia 11 , human immunode 﫿 ciency caused by HIV virus 12-13 Landau-Kleffner syndrome 14 , Multiple Sclerosis 15 , showing latency and amplitude changes in these conditions inherent to dysfunctions of central auditory pathways. (bvsalud.org)
  • Recurrence: When you encounter certain stresses, emotional or physical, the virus may reactivate and cause new sores and symptoms. (webmd.com)
  • A variety of factors (exposure to intense sunlight, fatigue, psychological stress or immunosuppression) can precipitate a recurrence by reactivation of the virus migrates to the epithelial cells through the affected nerve, causing recurrent herpes 12 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Incubation period: For oral herpes, the amount of time between contact with the virus and the appearance of symptoms, the incubation period, is 2-12 days. (webmd.com)
  • Both viruses have a significant impact on the immune system, especially through mediating the establishment of cellular immunity, which keeps these viruses under control for life. (lu.se)
  • The herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript gene regulates the establishment of latency. (1library.net)
  • We didn't really see any significant effect," Gama says, "So we coupled ingenol-B with another latency-reversing agent, vorinostat, which is used in some cancer treatments to make cancer cells more vulnerable to the immune system. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • With contributions from leading experts, this is a comprehensive reference for plant virologists, molecular biologists and others interested in characterization of plant viruses and disease management. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • His Ph.D. was on the molecular characterization of sugarcane viruses, i.e., mosaic, streak mosaic, and yellow luteovirus. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • Viruses are associated with more severe exacerbations and with greater morbidity, therefore, require further research ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Some of these viruses cause relatively mild illnesses, while others can cause severe, life-threatening disease. (who.int)
  • Abstract: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects more than 95% of the adult world population. (tufts.edu)
  • After the herpes virus infects you, it has a rather unique ability to proceed to 3 stages. (webmd.com)
  • Burkitt lymphoma (BL) can be classified into three forms which differ in geographic distribution and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) association: endemic (eBL), sporadic (sBL) and HIV-associated BL ( table 1 ). (bmj.com)
  • The HSV-1 protein Vmw65 is an essential structural component of the virus tegument. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Electron micrograph studies of B virus show a typical herpesvirus structure ( 6 ), including an electron dense core with viral DNA inside an icosapentahedral capsid surrounded by an amorphous tegument protein layer and a lipid envelope studded with viral glycoproteins. (cdc.gov)
  • The UL20 protein alteration prevents interaction between the N-termini of UL20 and glycoprotein K, which normally modulates virus-induced cell fusion. (virology.ws)
  • Furthermore, biological and physical simplicity relative to other biological systems have made viruses an attractive physical model system to study fundamental prosperities of DNA compaction and translocation as well as protein self-assembly using viral capsids. (lu.se)
  • So I think that understanding how one virus can induce transformation opens a window into how other oncogenic viruses in the human population also cause cancer. (bwfund.org)
  • Of the 35 herpesviruses identified in nonhuman primates, only Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 (B virus) is known to be pathogenic for humans. (cdc.gov)
  • The Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily is associated with episomal latency established in cells of the immune system, such as B-cells in the case of Epstein-Barr virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • HIV latency allows the virus to largely avoid the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
  • And what the virus does is that it modulates or changes or manipulates those pathways so that the virus is able to either stick latent and hidden from the host immune system or replicate itself and disseminate throughout the host's body, or, in fact, a new individual. (bwfund.org)
  • The major challenge lies in the fact that all existing antiviral drugs to treat herpes viruses lead to rapid development of resistance in patients with compromised immune systems where the need for herpes treatment is the greatest (e.g. newborn children, patients with HIV, cancer or who have undergone organ transplantation). (news-medical.net)
  • Ultimately the virus is able to persist in a latent state in memory B cells such that it is invisible to the immune system and also harmless. (tufts.edu)
  • The immune-boosting herb echinacea purpurea has been clinically proven to exert an antiviral action against the herpes simplex 1 virus. (progressivehealth.com)
  • The scientists were able to demonstrate that echinacea does boost the immune system and does reduce the latency rate of the herpes simplex 1 virus. (progressivehealth.com)
  • Occupational and environmental exposures in relation to immune responsiveness to Epstein-Barr virus in a population-based sample. (cdc.gov)
  • During this stage, the virus keeps multiplying in the body and the immune system slowly weakens, but the person has no symptoms. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The herpes simplex viruses comprise 2 distinct types of DNA viruses: herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2). (medscape.com)
  • Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) is a distinct subtype that accounts for nearly 10% of gastric carcinomas. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • There are 14 distinct viruses associated with haemorrhagic fever in humans. (who.int)
  • Plant Virus-Host Interaction. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • Plant Virus-Host Interaction: Molecular Approaches and Viral Evolution, Second Edition, provides comprehensive coverage of molecular approaches for virus-host interaction. (researchandmarkets.com)
  • Then, in 2009, a group in Berlin reported it had cured a man of HIV by giving him a bone marrow transplant from a donor whose genetics conferred natural resistance to the virus. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily ALPHAHERPESVIRINAE, consisting of herpes simplex-like viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • This thesis work aimed to elucidate the roles of EBV miRNAs in establishing latency and tumor development from three scientific perspectives. (tufts.edu)
  • EBVaGC belongs to latency type I or II, in which EBERs, EBNA-1, BARTs, LMP-2A and BART miRNAs are expressed. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • An asymptomatic individual without an open lesion can still transmit the HSV-2 virus through genital shedding. (medscape.com)
  • Herpes simplex 2 is a virus known as genital herpes. (progressivehealth.com)
  • The viruses also may be transmitted via oral-genital contact. (medscape.com)
  • Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 are the main infectious agents associated with oral and genital ulcerations. (bvsalud.org)
  • You see, it's set in 2018, and a creepy virus called GUILT (Gangliated Utrophin Immuno Latency Toxin) is creeping its way towards mankind. (qj.net)
  • The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses ( PROVIRUSES ) or PROPHAGES of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and then released as infectious viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • The viruses become reactivated secondary to certain stimuli, including fever, physical or emotional stress, ultraviolet light exposure, and axonal injury. (medscape.com)
  • Now a new study on HIV's close cousin, simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), in macaques finds that a proposed curative strategy could backfire and make things worse if the virus is in fact lurking in the brain. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • The trials, carried out by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), began in August 2009 and mark the latest in a series of failed attempts at tackling the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. (fromthetrenchesworldreport.com)
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1): Viral Latency, the Reservoir, and the Cure. (bvsalud.org)
  • Human immunodeficiency viruses. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Examples of retroviruses are the human immunodeficiency viruses and the human T-cell leukemia viruses. (msdmanuals.com)
  • An example of such a gene product is the latency associated transcripts (LAT) in herpes simplex virus, which interfere with apoptosis by downregulating a number of host factors, including major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and inhibiting the apoptotic pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • Analysis of the promoter and cis-acting elements regulating expression of herpes simplex virus type 2 latency-associated transcripts. (1library.net)
  • Episomal latency refers to the use of genetic episomes during latency. (wikipedia.org)
  • Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • Viruses whose genetic material is RNA. (lookformedical.com)
  • Alex Evilevitch has previously discovered that the herpes virus has high internal pressure because it is tightly packed with genetic material. (news-medical.net)
  • either DNA or RNA viruses may have single or double strands of genetic material. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 (B virus), an alphaherpesvirus endemic in Asian macaques, is closely related to herpes simplex virus (HSV). (cdc.gov)
  • Herpesvirus family members are icosahedral DNA viruses. (medscape.com)
  • The virus can reactivate and begin producing large amounts of viral progeny (the lytic part of the viral life cycle) without the host becoming reinfected by new outside virus, and stays within the host indefinitely. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our research focuses on human tumor viruses. (ki.se)
  • Several classes of latency reversing agents (LRAs) are under development for possible use in shock-and-kill strategies in which the latently infected cellular reservoirs would be reactivated (the shock) so that anti-viral treatment could take effect (the kill). (wikipedia.org)
  • A 437-base-pair deletion at the beginning of the latency-associated transcript promoter significantly reduced adrenergically induced herpes simplex virus type 1 ocular reactivation in latently infected rabbits. (1library.net)
  • Papilloma viruses (HPV), hepatitis B- (HBV) and C-viruses (HCV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi sarcoma virus (KSHV), human T-cell-leukemia virus (HTLV) may contribute to the pathogenesis of as much as 15-20% of all human cancers. (ki.se)
  • Previous studies examining the structure of in820 in the in vitro latency system showed that the thymidine kinaase (TK) gene is not bound by nucleosomes with regular spacing. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Most macaques carry B virus without overt signs of disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Neither group was able to produce disease in rhesus macaques, presumably because the monkeys were already naturally infected with what Sabin's group named B virus (after patient W.B. (cdc.gov)
  • Then the researchers gave two of the macaques ingenol-B, a latency-reversing agents thought to "wake up" the virus. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • The Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 promotes telomere dysfunction via induction of oxidative stress. (ki.se)
  • Epstein-Barr virus promotes genomic instability in Burkitt's lymphoma. (ki.se)
  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), also known as human herpes virus 4, is a gamma-herpes virus that consists of double-stranded DNA of ~170 kb in length. (spandidos-publications.com)