• This similarity suggests the replication mechanism is similar in GSHV. (wikipedia.org)
  • NCSURALEIGH - An international team of researchers has found that three commonly used antiviral and antimalarial drugs are effective in vitro at preventing replication of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. (wraltechwire.com)
  • They infected the cell lines with the different viruses and then looked at how well the compounds prevented viral replication in the cells. (wraltechwire.com)
  • Many human viruses utilise or suppress ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like pathways during infection, enhancing their replication. (gla.ac.uk)
  • However, we observed that endocytosis-defective DC-SIGN molecules allow efficient DV replication, indicating that DC-SIGN endocytosis is dispensable for the internalization step in DV entry. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Various polyoxometalates proved inhibitory to the replication of a number of enveloped DNA and RNA viruses, i.e., herpesviruses (herpes simplex and cytomegalo), togaviruses (Sindbis), paramyxoviruses (respiratory syncytial), rhabdoviruses (vesicular stomatitis), arenaviruses (Junin and Tacaribe), and retroviruses [human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2), simian immunodeficiency virus, and murine sarcoma virus]. (neb.com)
  • Exciting insights into several innate mechanisms by which human cells resist HIV infection and replication were made in the recent past, and were discussed at CROI. (natap.org)
  • 30) presented evidence that APOBEC3G blocks viral replication by an additional mechanism. (natap.org)
  • Details of the mechanisms through which the HIV Vif protein targets APOBEC for degradation, thereby allowing HIV replication, were presented by Mehle and coworkers (abstr. (natap.org)
  • Although the exact mechanism by which TRIM5a proteins inhibit retroviral replication is yet unknown, they block an early step of post-entry infection, likely uncoating of the incoming virus. (natap.org)
  • Key areas of research include viral cell entry , viral replication and the hyperactive host immune response, known as cytokine storm . (tocris.com)
  • Since the emergence of COVID-19, a great deal of research has been carried out to determine the structure of the virus and the mechanisms of infection and replication. (tocris.com)
  • The production of several different virus particles in the VV replication cycle represents a coordinated strategy to exploit cell biology to promote virus spread and to aid virus evasion of antibody and complement. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Influenza A is a RNA virus and in general, RNA viruses have a very high rate of mutation, a short generation time and yield a high production of virions after replication in the host's cells. (science20.com)
  • Viruses are "incredibly simple yet incredibly complicated," says Helena Maier, an expert in coronavirus replication at the Pirbright Institute. (acs.org)
  • ADAM10 was dispensable for HCV replication but supported HCV entry and cell-to-cell spread. (bvsalud.org)
  • TMPRSS2 cleavage of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein is believed to enable the fusion of the viral capsid with the host cell to permit viral entry 5 , 6 . (abcam.com)
  • For an illustration depicting viral entry see Fig. 1 . (springer.com)
  • The team, which included researchers from North Carolina State University and Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, looked at three antiviral drugs that have proven effective against Ebola and the Marburg virus: tilorone, quinacrine and pyronaridine. (wraltechwire.com)
  • Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg (MARV) viruses belong to the Filoviridae family and can cause fatal hemorrhagic fevers characterized by widespread tissue destruction after an incubation period of 4-14 days. (sbir.gov)
  • This project is to discover and develop small molecule entry inhibitors for Ebola viral infection. (sbir.gov)
  • The proposed research will help to develop potential anti-Ebola virus therapeutics. (sbir.gov)
  • Caring for critically ill patients with Ebola virus disease. (ajtmh.org)
  • Increase awareness of points of entry officials on the risk of importation of Ebola virus disease (EVD) case. (who.int)
  • A number of countries in western Africa culation of Ebola virus among humans suggested of close to 20 000 cases by are currently affected - Guinea, Liberia, is uncommon. (who.int)
  • Since the emergence of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa in 2013 the world has seen a constant surge of EVD outbreaks in Central and Western African countries. (who.int)
  • Rather, it is now clear that Ebola virus can persist for several years in immune privileged body sites of disease survivors, and that human-to-human transmission from a survivor to a naïve individual can ignite a new outbreak. (who.int)
  • Schematic depiction of putative mechanisms by which probiotics may help manage coronavirus infection. (news-medical.net)
  • Seidah tells The Scientist that the mechanism by which chloroquine disrupts infection by a coronavirus remains unclear. (the-scientist.com)
  • Interstitial lung disease and associated fibrosis occur in a proportion of individuals who have recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection through unknown mechanisms. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, utilizes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor for virus infection. (flutrackers.com)
  • In early January 2020, the specific virus was isolated and later identified as a novel coronavirus by sequencing ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The virus was first officially named the 2019 novel coronavirus (nCoV) by the World Health Organization (WHO) and subsequently termed 'severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2)' by The International Committee on Nomenclature of Viruses. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • As an accurate profile of the virus is urgently required, the present article screened the available literature on SARS-CoV-2 and other members of the coronavirus family to perform a literature review. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • C&EN has made this story and all of its coverage of the coronavirus epidemic freely available during the outbreak to keep the public informed. (acs.org)
  • ADAM10 did not influence infection with other enveloped RNA viruses such as alphaviruses and a common cold coronavirus. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition to binding ACE2, increasing evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 can also bind other surface proteins to gain cell entry. (abcam.com)
  • Interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors on target the cell surface mediates SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells that is facilitated by transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and lysosomal proteases. (springer.com)
  • It is well established now that the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein binds to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as its first step of entry. (biorxiv.org)
  • To understand its mechanism, we combined cell surface binding assay, kinetics study, single-molecule technique, and computational method to investigate the interaction between these RBD (mutations) and ACE2. (biorxiv.org)
  • Host cell entry is effected by the binding of receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein on the nucleocapsid to ACE2, a protease on the host cell surface. (tocris.com)
  • One attractive target, within viral cell entry, is the binding of the viral spike protein to the surface receptor ACE2 , a host cell membrane protease . (tocris.com)
  • possible interactions involve the viral ACE2-entry mechanism (chloride-dependent ACE2 configuration), furin and 3CLpro (inhibition by NaCl), and the sodium channel ENaC. (springer.com)
  • In SARS-CoV-2, the aim is to disrupt the binding of the spike protein with ACE2 receptors, prohibiting the entry of the virus into the host cells. (moleculardevices.com)
  • However, the expression pattern of ACE2 does not coincide with the tissue tropism of SARS-CoV-2, hinting that other host proteins might be involved in facilitating SARS-CoV-2 entry. (flutrackers.com)
  • Additionally, ADAM9 can interact with ACE2, and co-expression of both proteins markedly enhances virus infection. (flutrackers.com)
  • Here, we identify a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 9 (ADAM9) protein as a co-factor of ACE2 important for SARS-CoV-2 entry, even for the variants of concern, and show that ADAM9 interacts with Spike to aid virus entry. (flutrackers.com)
  • SARS‑CoV‑2 infection is initiated when the virus interacts with angiotensin‑converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors on host cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Through this mechanism, the virus infects the alveolar, esophageal epithelial, ileum, colon and other cells on which ACE2 is highly expressed, causing damage to target organs. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • However, increased ACE2 expression may upregulate the viral load indirectly by increasing the baseline level of infectious virus particles. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Entry into host cells is an important determinant of infectivity and infection and pathogenesis of viruses. (springer.com)
  • The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is vulnerable to infection with COVID-19 and can be exploited as an alternative transmission route and target for virus entry and pathogenesis. (frontiersin.org)
  • The overarching aim of my research is to understand the key mechanisms of HIV transmission and the rate of disease pathogenesis. (lu.se)
  • The virus particles contain two major structural proteins, surface antigens (sAg) and core antigens (cAg). (wikipedia.org)
  • We propose that DC-SIGN concentrates mosquito-derived DV particles at the cell surface to allow efficient interaction with an as yet unidentified entry factor that is ultimately responsible for DV internalization and pH-dependent fusion into DCs. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • When Vif is present in sufficient quantity in virus-producing cells, APOBEC3G is no longer incorporated into virus particles. (natap.org)
  • When stimulation occurs, such as weakened immunity, corneal injuries, or ultraviolet exposure, latent viruses are activated, producing many infectious virus particles that result in recurrent keratitis. (molvis.org)
  • The virus is transmitted via the aerosolized particles from the respiratory tract secretions of infected individuals. (medscape.com)
  • [ 23 , 24 ] Bernard et al evaluated this mechanism and found that Chikungunya virus enters mammalian epithelial cells via a clathrin-independent, Esp-15-dependent, dynamin 2-dependent route and requires an endocytic pathway in combination with other unknown pathways. (medscape.com)
  • A ) Probiotic bacteria can hinder the adsorption process via directly binding to the virus and inhibiting entry into epithelial cells. (news-medical.net)
  • E ) Upon virus attack in epithelial cells, probiotics mediate their antiviral effects by eliciting immune responses by activating macrophages and dendritic cells. (news-medical.net)
  • M-cells, which are specialized epithelial cells found in the Peyer's patches of the intestinal mucosa, may be a mechanism allowing infectious agents such as HIV to cross the intact mucosa. (nzdl.org)
  • Epithelial cells do not express CR2, and the mechanism of how EBV invades and releases from epithelial cells is not yet clear. (selfgrowth.com)
  • EBV infection of glandular epithelial cells can cause gastric cancer and bile duct cancer, and the mechanism is unclear. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Using a murine model, Lum et al showed that anti-Chikungunya virus antibodies were elicited early in the course of the illness and were directed against the C-terminus of the viral E2 glycoprotein. (medscape.com)
  • Several murine models with Chikungunya virus-related joint and neurological diseases are being investigated. (medscape.com)
  • The compounds were tested in vitro against SARS-CoV-2, as well as against a common cold virus (HCoV 229E) and murine hepatitis virus (MHV). (wraltechwire.com)
  • Ocular inflammation can be caused by a number of different etiological mechanisms. (marketresearch.com)
  • Inflammation of the eye may often result from an infection by viruses or bacteria. (marketresearch.com)
  • In the report, detailed description of the drug is given which includes mechanism of action of the drug, clinical studies, NDA approvals (if any), and product development activities comprising the technology, Ocular Inflammation and Pain collaborations, licensing, mergers and acquisition, funding, designations and other product related details. (marketresearch.com)
  • 2012) proposed that heterogeneity in antigen-induced lung inflammation between vancomycin- treated mice of different ages was associated with differences in the composition of the gut microbiota yet did not present any extensive data to provide a mechanism for this phenomenon. (cdc.gov)
  • Both natural and Chikungunya virus infection-induced specific antibodies were essential for controlling Chikungunya virus infections. (medscape.com)
  • D ) Virus neutralized by secretory antibodies like IgA. (news-medical.net)
  • We are studying the mechanism of viral membrane fusion and its inhibition by drugs and antibodies. (stanford.edu)
  • Upon re-exposure to infectious influenza virus, the immune system is prepared to identify and destroy the virus as there are circulating antibodies that recognize that particular component of the virus that it was previously exposed to. (drugbank.com)
  • In other words, the host organism's immune system doesn't have antibodies for viruses indigenous to other species and thanks to the original virus that is indigenous to the host, molecular features necessary for "optimal" host infection are retained. (science20.com)
  • B cells specifically are involved in the humoral immune system and produce antibodies , while T cells are involved in the cell-mediated immune system and destroy virus-infected cells and regulate the activities of other white blood cells (Alberts 1989). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • B cells respond to pathogens by producing large quantities of antibodies that then neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The humoral immune system acts against bacteria and viruses in the body liquids (e.g., blood ) by means of proteins called immunoglobulins (also known as antibodies ), which are produced by B cells. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Secreted antibodies bind to antigens on the surfaces of invading microbes (such as viruses or bacteria), which flags them for destruction. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • That is where monoclonal antibodies step in by targeting and neutralizing the virus after it invades the body. (moleculardevices.com)
  • Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) act on viruses through viral neutralization. (moleculardevices.com)
  • Scientists from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), in collaboration with the University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (Scotland), the University of Cambridge, the Institute of Cancer Research, University College London (all in England), and other partners, have demonstrated how hepatitis C virus (HCV) evades antibodies and have provided new evidence on the mechanism that HCV uses to enter cells. (who.int)
  • C ) Probiotic bacteria releases antimicrobial substances (such as bacteriocins, biosurfactants, lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, organic acids) and intestinal mucins from mucosal cells, which can effectively inhibit virus proliferation. (news-medical.net)
  • While offering protection against millions of possible invaders, including viruses , bacteria , are cancer cells, lymphocytes allow normal body cells and helpful, symbiotic bacteria to flourish at the same time. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Be they SARS-CoV-2, HIV, or phages that infect bacteria, all viruses comprise at least two components: their genetic material-DNA or RNA-and a protective shell called a capsid. (acs.org)
  • The predominantly commensal collection of bacteria, fungi, archaea, protozoa, and viruses that inhabit multicellular organisms constitutes the microbiota, and their DNA is referred to as the microbiome. (cdc.gov)
  • Our work focusses on developing understanding of virus-host interactions by visualising them in a frozen-hydrated state at macromolecular resolution using cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET). (gla.ac.uk)
  • We explore the intricate structural interactions between viruses and host complexes during virus infection and immune response, which is crucial for exploiting them and uncovering new avenues for the development of therapeutics. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Adsorption inhibitor (prevents entry into host target cells by coating the virus, coating the target cells, or through charged interactions). (hivplusmag.com)
  • I am particularly interested in the virus-host interactions that take place when HIV establishes infection, and how HIV-2 can be used as a model to identify an HIV-1 vaccine or functional cure. (lu.se)
  • My research interests focus on understanding virus-host interactions, factors for virus entry, pathogenicity and immunogenicity, mechanisms of viruses to evade immune system, humoral immune response and possibilities of vaccine development. (lu.se)
  • Probiotics may trap the virus in respiratory infection, as well as inhibit binding of the virus to the host cell receptor. (news-medical.net)
  • One of the more interesting findings here is that these compounds don't just prevent the virus from potentially binding to the cells, but that they may also inhibit viral activity because these compounds are acting on the lysosomes," Puhl says. (wraltechwire.com)
  • Studies designed to unravel the mechanism of action of these compounds revealed that they inhibit the reverse transcriptase activity associated with HIV. (neb.com)
  • Neuraminidase inhibitors are a new class of antiviral drugs that inhibit influenza A and B viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Due to the highly contagious nature of pathogens and the susceptibility of every human the virus spread rapidly across China then Globally. (benthamscience.com)
  • The eyes are one of the ports of entry for pathogens in the human body. (marketresearch.com)
  • The positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus, SARS-CoV-2, is a novel virus in the Coronaviridae subfamily and closely related to the genus Betacoronavirus [ 1 ]. (springer.com)
  • SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus contained in a nucleocapsid. (tocris.com)
  • Chikungunya virus infection elicited strong innate immunity with an abundant production of proinflammatory markers and cytokines, including high levels of alpha interferon, interleukin (IL)-4, IL10, and gamma interferon. (medscape.com)
  • In this researcher profile, we describe how Prof. Tijana Ivanovic is working to understand cell entry mechanisms and the relationship between virus particle structure/organization and the early steps of infection. (photonics.com)
  • So, if that mechanism is disrupted, it cannot infect other cells. (wraltechwire.com)
  • EBV can also infect T/NK lymphocytes, but the mechanism by which EBV attaches and invades T/NK lymphocytes has not been elucidated. (selfgrowth.com)
  • In order to successfully infect a new host, the virus must be able to effectively replicate in the host's cells. (science20.com)
  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) exploits the four entry factors CD81, scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI, also known as SCARB1), occludin, and claudin-1 as well as the co-factor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to infect human hepatocytes. (bvsalud.org)
  • The same trend was observed in other studies employing Lactobacillus as probiotics in mice infected with influenza viruses. (news-medical.net)
  • The influenza vaccine, also known as the 'flu shot', is a vaccine that protects against infection from the influenza viruses. (drugbank.com)
  • Avian influenza viruses replicate in the gastrointestinal tract while human influenza viruses replicate in the respiratory tract-as conveyed by their differential genetic makeup. (science20.com)
  • 1993) mechanisms of breast-milk transmission are not yet fully understood. (nzdl.org)
  • The respective roles of cell-free and cell-associated virus in breast-milk transmission are not known, nor is the association between plasma and milk virus levels understood. (nzdl.org)
  • Animal models have been used to explore potential mechanisms of transmission. (nzdl.org)
  • Enormous efforts have been taken to understand its mechanism of transmission. (biorxiv.org)
  • Extracellular vaccinia virus formation and cell-to-cell virus transmission are prevented by deletion of the gene encoding the 37,000-Dalton outer envelope protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Evolution, for example, seems as if it would be one of the mechanisms required for cross-species transmission. (science20.com)
  • virus transmission. (who.int)
  • Finally, the cure principle intends to foster the development of post-exposure therapies that would help to reduce disease mortality as well as to reduce virus transmission. (who.int)
  • The details of that self-assembly process could help researchers defeat the virus with antivirals or build protective shells for drug delivery. (acs.org)
  • The molecular mechanism of entry remains largely undefined and presents a challenge both in the understanding of fundamental molecular aspects of HCV and in the potential design of new therapeutics beyond the current direct-acting antivirals. (who.int)
  • Experiments including photography of fluorescence in HSV-1g or plaque formation by HSV-1f, western blot assays, real-time RT-PCR assays, cytopathic effect inhibition assays, cytotoxicity assays, and viral absorption and penetration assays were performed to explore the antiviral effect and mechanism of the compounds. (molvis.org)
  • The exact mechanism of entry of the virus into mammalian cells is under investigation. (medscape.com)
  • However, the exact mechanism of ZIKV-associated neurodevelopmental disorders is still unknown. (fiu.edu)
  • antiviral compounds, systems biology of viral hemorrhagic fever, novel approaches to virus detection. (bu.edu)
  • We were looking for compounds that could block the entry of the virus into the cell," says Ana Puhl, senior scientist at Collaborations Pharmaceuticals and co-corresponding author of the research. (wraltechwire.com)
  • For instance, one mouse model showed that probiotics promoted influenza virus clearance and neutralizing antibody production, via T-helper cells type 1 (Th1). (news-medical.net)
  • The roles of these proteins in virus morphogenesis and dissemination, and as targets for neutralizing antibody are reviewed. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • These mutations result in differential glycosylation, allowing the virus to evade previously-formed immunologic responses or monoclonal antibody neutralization. (moleculardevices.com)
  • From 'time of addition' experiments, whereby the polyoxometalates were added at different times after virus infection, their mechanism of anti-HIV action could be attributed to inhibition of virus-cell binding. (neb.com)
  • Ground squirrel hepatitis virus, abbreviated GSHV, is a partially double-stranded DNA virus that is closely related to human Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV). (wikipedia.org)
  • Ground squirrel hepatitis virus consists of a DNA genome is primarily double-stranded. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ground squirrel hepatitis virus is a spherical, enveloped virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ground squirrel hepatitis virus is distinguished from related viruses by its lack of pathogenic effect, even though it is common for infected hosts to have high titers of circulating virions. (wikipedia.org)
  • The study was aimed at identifying the molecular mechanism(s) of ZIKV infection using in-vitro and in vivo methods. (fiu.edu)
  • Indeed, the increased transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 compared with SARS-CoV could potentially be explained by an increased number of cellular receptors allowing the virus to penetrate host cells. (abcam.com)
  • F ) Activation of immune response leads to differentiating CD8 + T lymphocytes into CTLs, capable of destroying virus-infected cells. (news-medical.net)
  • Chloroquine can raise the pH of endosomes, vesicles inside cells that are hijacked as points of entry by viruses. (the-scientist.com)
  • ZIKV cellular entry in glial cells is primarily mediated by Axl receptor irrespective of the viral strains. (fiu.edu)
  • The mode of entry of vaccinia virus into L cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Furthermore, the viral fluorescence intensities were inhibited by SPS in a dose-dependent manner when the viruses or cells were preincubated with SPS. (molvis.org)
  • The basis of specific immunity lies in the capacity of immune cells to distinguish between proteins produced by the body's own cells ("self" antigen -those of the original organism), and proteins produced by invaders or cells under control of a virus ("non-self" antigen-or what is not recognized as the original organism). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • To explore potential host factors for SARS-CoV-2 entry, we performed an arrayed shRNA screen in H1650 and HEK293T cells. (flutrackers.com)
  • It works by blocking the virus that causes the cold sores (herpes simplex) from entering the healthy skin cells and growing in number. (medscape.com)
  • The complex mechanism used by HCV to enter cells has long been an area of focus for both fundamental virologists and groups interested in generating vaccines. (who.int)
  • This study provides new evidence on the mechanism by which HCV, one of the main causes of liver cancer worldwide, evades immunity and enters cells. (who.int)
  • Another possible mechanism is direct viral damage of infected cells. (medscape.com)
  • Dengue virus (DV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes hemorrhagic fever in humans. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is known to induce various neurodevelopmental disorders including microcephaly and growth retardation in newborns from infected mothers. (fiu.edu)
  • Both Neuropilin-1 and Neuropilin-2 have been shown to bind the cleaved form of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein to mediate host cell entry 13, 14 . (abcam.com)
  • Following binding of S protein the virus is internalized. (tocris.com)
  • Since viral protein (NS1and Env) were detected in pup's brain in the absence of ZIKV genome, we reason that viral proteins transmigrated from the placenta to the fetus by a yet unknown mechanism, probably the secretory autophagy, might be the causal factors for the neurodevelopmental disorder detected in pups born from infected mice. (fiu.edu)
  • Lipase activities of p37, the major envelope protein of vaccinia virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Sequence analysis, expression, and deletion of a vaccinia virus gene encoding a homolog of profilin, a eukaryotic actin-binding protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Here, we identified a disintegrin and a metalloproteinase domain 9 (ADAM9) protein as an important host factor for SARS-CoV-2 entry. (flutrackers.com)
  • Studying virus entry using a multidisciplinary toolkit encompassing basic virology, computational/mathematical analysis, structural biology, and advanced microscopy. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Using a series of diverse virology and computational methods, as well as molecular dynamics simulations for conformational mobility, the researchers showed that hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) acts as a "safety catch" that regulates entry. (who.int)
  • The virus attaches to and invades the respiratory epithelium. (medscape.com)
  • These data provide insight into mechanisms driving development of pulmonary sequelae during and after COVID-19 and provide a rational basis for development of targeted approaches to prevent long-term complications. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Our study reveals an insight into the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 virus entry and elucidates the role of ADAM9 in virus infection. (flutrackers.com)
  • The heart can become damaged in COVID-19 by three distinct mechanisms: (i) the acute hyper-inflammatory response increases blood coagulability, which can cause blood clots that obstruct arteries and indirectly affect the heart. (springer.com)
  • The virus primarily infects the respiratory tract, resulting in pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and other fatal complications, including acute kidney injury, coagulation dysfunction and shock, according to a published report ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Zanamivir is approved for treatment of uncomplicated acute illness caused by influenza virus in persons aged 12 years who have been symptomatic for no more than 2 days. (cdc.gov)
  • The viral RNA also encodes the structural components of the virus, i.e. spike, nucleocapsid, membrane and envelope proteins. (tocris.com)
  • Structural and biochemical analysis of a bacterial homolog, ASTBnm, in complex with its native substrate (not bile acids, but a vitamin A precursor, pantoate) show a new binding site that is consistent with classical proposals for elevator-type transport mechanisms. (elifesciences.org)
  • Nearly 100% of children in the USA are infected with the virus by 2 to 3 years of age, several hundred infants may die directly from the infection, while the deaths of an additional several thousand may be attributed to RSV-related complications ( Nair et al, 2010 ). (intechopen.com)
  • It is a member of the family of viruses Hepadnaviridae and the genus Orthohepadnavirus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gammapapillomavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Papillomaviridae. (wikipedia.org)
  • That's because malaria is caused not by a virus but by a microparasite of the Plasmodium genus. (the-scientist.com)
  • It is caused by rubella virus, which is a member of the Rubivirus genus of the family Togaviridae. (medscape.com)
  • Chikungunya virus infection has a clinical presentation that overlaps with that of Ross River virus infection (fever, rash, polyarthritis) and dengue fever transmitted by the same mosquitoes. (medscape.com)
  • Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) result from infection by any of four serotypes of dengue viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Dengue-like epidemics occurred in Egypt and on Java in 1779, but these may actually have been caused by chikungunya virus. (cdc.gov)
  • Developing high throughput methods for generating and analysing virus genomic sequences from clinical samples. (gla.ac.uk)
  • A filamentous virus particle was the most abundant form in ground squirrel sera much like human sera infected with HBV. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inactivated vaccines contain a virus particle that has been grown in media and then subsequently killed, or inactivated, through exposure to heat or chemicals such as formaldehyde 3. (drugbank.com)
  • Another reason as to why researchers are unable to predict epidemics is that they are unclear as to what key mechanisms are required for viral emergence. (science20.com)
  • Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a ubiquitous virus of worldwide distribution and is the leading cause of infant morbidity from respiratory infections. (intechopen.com)
  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a kind of γ-herpes virus that is infected with human beings. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Reference: Mechanism of anti-human immunodeficiency virus action of polyoxometalates, a class of broad-spectrum antiviral agents. (neb.com)
  • Evidence of the long battle of the mammalian cell to protect its genetic material from the onslaught of viral parasites is the existence of hundreds of endogenous retroviruses within the human genome, archaic viral sequences which no longer produce viruses but continue to be handed down from generation to generation. (natap.org)
  • Under the International Health Regulations (2005), 1 the Chinese Government reported three human cases of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus on 31 March 2013 to the World Health Organization (WHO). (who.int)
  • An infected person begins to shed the virus from the nasopharynx 3-8 days after exposure for 6-14 days after onset of the rash. (medscape.com)
  • I'm interested in how viruses engage with these pathways with respect to cellular antiviral immunity, to develop novel avenues for therapeutic intervention. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Coronaviruses are enveloped, single-strand RNA viruses characterized by club-like spikes projecting from their surface and an unusually large RNA genome 3 . (abcam.com)
  • Like all coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 utilizes the S glycoprotein to mediate entry into the host cell. (abcam.com)
  • Clinically, nasal or respiratory airway care with saline reduces symptoms of seasonal coronaviruses and other common cold viruses. (springer.com)
  • Single-molecule microscopy techniques facilitate direct study of molecular mechanisms, enabling leaps in understanding surrounding how viruses assemble, disassemble, and interact with their hosts. (photonics.com)
  • Such a task is met with multiple barriers including host cell entry via receptor binding which requires genetic compatibility. (science20.com)
  • Since the emergence of COVID-19, a huge research effort has gone into finding ways to stop the virus. (tocris.com)
  • In the first few days of its emergence, this disease was simply identified as a virus-related respiratory disease. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Objective: To investigate the effect of sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS) on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in vitro. (molvis.org)
  • Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection is extremely common in humans, and approximately 50% and 75% of the adult populations in the United States [ 1 ] and Germany [ 2 ], respectively, have been infected with this virus. (molvis.org)
  • Dr. Hingley's primary involvement is to investigate consequences of Herpes simplex virus type 1 and Chlamydia pneumoniae infection of astrocytes, either as single or dual infections. (pcom.edu)
  • Inactivated virus cannot replicate, and therefore cannot cause disease from infection, even in immunocompromised individuals. (drugbank.com)
  • This Phase II application proposes to develop potent, small molecule inhibitors, which block entry of EBOV. (sbir.gov)
  • We investigated the mechanism of action (MOA) of selected candidates, and identified druglike EBOV inhibitors with good in vitro ADME properties. (sbir.gov)
  • The virus exits the host cell by nuclear envelope breakdown. (wikipedia.org)
  • The truth is that there really aren't a lot of observable trends to base predictions off of and there isn't a way to determine how susceptible a potential host is for a given virus. (science20.com)
  • What researchers don't know is if viruses that jump the species barrier are already compatible with the new host or if they evolve compatibility after the fact. (science20.com)
  • They are effective because they interrupt the process by which the virus either recognizes the host or the virus is internalized. (moleculardevices.com)
  • This virus-host interaction could be exploited to develop novel therapeutics against COVID-19. (flutrackers.com)
  • Therefore, knowledge on the molecular characteristics and host immunity in reaction to the virus would aid physicians to further understand the disease, manage patients and implement the occupational precautions. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Since the virus presented the potential to result in a pandemic, the WHO declared a public health emergency of international concern on this epidemic on the 31st January 2020. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Elucidating the cellular entry mechanism of DNA tumor viruses! (umich.edu)