Virulent vaccines attenuated. Medical search. Frequent questions

These data demonstrated that ME49Δ cdpk3 inoculation induced effective cellular and humoral immune responses against acute and chronic Toxoplasma infections with various strains and was a potential candidate to develop a vaccine against toxoplasmosis. (nature.com)
Thus, the development of an effective toxoplasmosis vaccine is critical for limiting the infection of various Toxoplasma strains. (nature.com)
MD vaccines are often generated by attenuating virulent MDV strains through repeated passage in vitro. (usda.gov)
In order to rationally produce more effective MD vaccines, the ideal solution would be to engineer MDV strains with specific changes that result in improved vaccinal protection. (usda.gov)
Studies are underway to evaluate virulence, which will be followed by next generation sequencing of the attenuated strains at the lowest passage number. (usda.gov)
1.A. Characterize virus-host interactions and determine innate and adaptive immune pathways that contribute to PRRSV disease susceptibility or immunity to inform the development of highly effective vaccines against very virulent strains. (usda.gov)
3.A. Identify viral genes with mutations that are associated with SVA virulent and attenuated field strains and determine mechanisms of viral pathogenesis. (usda.gov)
Development of vaccines that provide better cross-protective immunity than what is currently available with today's vaccines will be approached through vaccine vector platform development, attenuated strains for vaccines and other novel technologies. (usda.gov)
[18] Differences in effectiveness depend on region, due to factors such as genetic differences in the populations, changes in environment, exposure to other bacterial infections, and conditions in the laboratory where the vaccine is grown, including genetic differences between the strains being cultured and the choice of growth medium. (wikipedia.org)
The currently used live-attenuated vaccines have the tendency to mutate and/or recombine with circulating field strains resulting in the emergence of vaccine-derived variant viruses. (umd.edu)
Currently, virulent serotype 1 strains are further divided into pathotypes (classification based on the severity of disease caused by that particular strain of virus), which are often referred to as mild (m), virulent (v), very virulent (vv), and very virulent plus (vv+) MD virus strains. (poultryhub.org)
Over time, increasingly virulent strains of MD virus have emerged, which has resulted in an ongoing need to develop new vaccines and vaccination programs to combat the disease. (poultryhub.org)
The principle of vaccination relies on artificial infection of susceptible animals with controlled numbers of either virulent or attenuated strains of coccidian oocysts that elicit a low-level infection upon which the organism responds with specific immunity. (bri.cz)
At the same time, the weakened strain prompted an immune response that protected the mice against infection by virulent strains of Toxoplasma . (dartmouth.edu)
Although monkeypox virus is much less virulent than variola virus, strains can still be fatal (1-10 per cent). (aap.com.au)
However, emerging PRRSV-1 strains are also highly virulent, highlighting the risks posed to the UK pig industry. (pirbright.ac.uk)
Vaccination is a key element to PRRS control and while both inactivated and live attenuated PRRS vaccines are widely used neither provides sufficiently effective protection against the diversity of circulating PRRSV strains. (pirbright.ac.uk)
Identifying the key determinants of PRRSV proteins that mediate immune evasion or contribute to disease to provide rational targets for the production of attenuated vaccine strains. (pirbright.ac.uk)
Although the paralogous FupB protein lacks such activity, iron transport capacity and a role in membrane stability were reported for the FupA/B chimera, a protein found in some F. tularensis strains, including the live vaccine strain (LVS). (encyclopedia.pub)
In May, researchers from the University of Idaho and Michigan State University have released encouraging findings about the effectiveness of an immersion vaccine to protect salmonids against emerging and novel strains in the family of Flavobacteria. (aquaculturenorthamerica.com)
If every once in a while, a farmer has an outbreak that is caused by one of these emerging and novel bacterial strains and not completely related to the strain that causes coldwater disease, then this vaccine could provide benefit in that context as well. (aquaculturenorthamerica.com)
History of Sabin attenuated poliovirus oral live vaccine strains. (who.int)
The ful data concerning the history of attenuated poliovirus strains developed by one of us (Sabin, 1965) for vaccine production do not appear in a single journal. (who.int)
Over the past few years we have had frequent requests for the details such as isolation and attenuation and accordingly we felt that bringing the data together in the report below would be both helpful and informative to those involved in the production and control of poliovirus vaccine (oral) prepared from these strains. (who.int)
The virulent strains of etative cells and activate the spores. (who.int)

Another problem is the use of euphemisms like 'weakened' or 'attenuated' to describe live-virus containing vaccines, implying that they are less virulent. (greenmedinfo.com)
In 2010, Cain and his colleagues had successfully developed a "live attenuated" version of the Flavobacterium - one that is less virulent, but still alive. (aquaculturenorthamerica.com)

In this study, we observed that the knockout of calcium-dependent protein kinase 3 (CDPK3) in the type II ME49 strain greatly attenuated virulence in mice and significantly reduced cyst formation. (nature.com)
To associate virulence with allele abundance in mixed populations, defined mixtures of virulent and avirulent MDVs are being used in bird challenges to provide calibration points on the percent virulent genome associated with MD incidence and related traits. (usda.gov)
The report also noted that commensal live vaccines circumvent the main limitation of vaccinations with attenuated live pathogens: reversion to virulence. (asm.org)
This research on comparative host transcriptomics will provide insights on viral pathogenesis and possible virulence factors that will enable rational design of more effective vaccines and target possible novel intervention strategies. (usda.gov)
Although taken together these findings suggest that live attenuated vaccination would be an approach to vaccination against HIV security issues including reversion to virulence by mutation LuAE58054 [20] and differential pathogenicity dependent upon host factors [21] have precluded direct development of this strategy. (crispr-reagents.com)
By comparison, in addition to his many contributions to microbiology, Pasteur introduced the concept that vaccination could be applied to any microbial disease, and he reported methods as to how the virulence of microbes could attenuated so that live microbes could be used to make prophylactic vaccines that could be made in the laboratory and manufactured in unlimited quantities for use worldwide. (frontiersin.org)
The SA14-14-2 vaccine was derived from a virulent strain SA14 after hundreds of serial passaging in cells and animals, concern about virulence reversion remains exist. (onacademic.com)
The revision takes into account the considerable experience gained from handling both highly pathogenic avian viruses and those classified as low virulence for avian species but highly virulent for humans. (who.int)

Heterologous immunity is believed to provide protection to the 2 AHSV types, 5 and 9, that are not included in the vaccine. (cdc.gov)
Hence, we evaluated the protective immunity of ME49Δ cdpk3 as a live attenuated vaccine against toxoplasmosis. (nature.com)
The question of efficacy was whether any killed-virus vaccine could produce lifelong immunity. (technologyreview.com)
2.B. Investigate and develop vaccine platforms that induce broadly cross-protective immune responses against PEDV, override PEDV vaccine interference from passively acquired immunity, and rapidly adapt to new and emerging porcine coronaviruses. (usda.gov)
OPV also provided longer-lasting immunity than the Salk vaccine, as it provides both humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity . (wikipedia.org)
As with other live-virus vaccines, immunity initiated by OPV is probably lifelong. (wikipedia.org)
As these resident memory T cells are long lived, vaccines that are able to induce them should provide long-lasting immunity. (frontiersin.org)
As of today, only one vaccine designed to induce potent mucosal immunity is in clinical development. (frontiersin.org)
Several reasons may account for this resurgence, including faster waning of immunity through acellular compared to whole-cell vaccines and potential strain adaptation to escape vaccine-induced immunity ( 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
We have a longstanding interest in understanding immunological mechanisms underlying protective immunity and the application of this knowledge to the development of new or improved vaccines. (pirbright.ac.uk)
A careful reading of Pasteur's presentations to the Academy of Sciences reveals that Pasteur was entirely mistaken as to how immunity occurs, in that he reasoned, as a good microbiologist would, that appropriately attenuated microbes would deplete the host of vital trace nutrients absolutely required for their viability and growth, and not an active response on the part of the host. (frontiersin.org)
As I too became interested in vaccines later in my career, I began to wonder about Pasteur's pioneering vaccine work, especially the idea that it was important to use live attenuated microbes to generate immunity. (frontiersin.org)
New combination vaccines should induce similar or superior levels of neutralizing antibody in serum for individual protection against paralytic disease and mucosal immunity that effectively decreases viral replication in the intestine and pharynx for population protection against transmission of poliovirus. (who.int)
The currently available yellow fever vaccine confers near lifelong immunity in 95% of patients. (medscape.com)

Early on, Sabin held that one particular strain Salk had used-a highly virulent strain called Mahoney - would be hard to kill and thus dangerous. (technologyreview.com)
Currently, there only experimental live-attenuated vaccines showing a protective effect against this highly virulent outbreak strain. (usda.gov)

It is thought that an HIV vaccine could either induce an immune response against HIV (active vaccination approach) or consist of preformed antibodies against HIV (passive vaccination approach). (wikipedia.org)
The research suggests that vaccination of humans with live S. mitis might offer protection from some of the many serotypes of S. pneumoniae that vaccines currently do not exist for. (asm.org)
Vaccination with the S. mitis vaccine boosted production of IgG and IgA antibodies, as well as Th17 cells (the investigators did not examine production of such antibodies and cells following vaccination with the engineered vaccine), said principal investigator Fernanda C. Petersen, DDS, PhD, Professor of molecular microbiology, University of Oslo, Norway. (asm.org)
These revised recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) replace recommendations on poliomyelitis issued in 1982 and 1987, and present a new ACIP poliovirus vaccination policy that increases reliance on inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). (cdc.gov)
Even the CDC's Manual for the Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases admits that "As vaccination rates have increased, the majority of varicella cases now occur among vaccinated persons. (greenmedinfo.com)
Indeed, since the introduction of universal chickenpox vaccination in the US in 1995, the vaccine has been found to have only limited effectiveness, [2] with 1 in 5 children receiving the original vaccine experiencing "breakthrough" infections. (greenmedinfo.com)
Oral polio vaccines were easier to administer than IPV, as it eliminated the need for sterile syringes and therefore was more suitable for mass vaccination campaigns. (wikipedia.org)
Live, attenuated vaccines for example carry a risk of reversion, which happens when the weakened strain used for vaccination changes into a more virulent and harmful version of the disease. (healthcentre.org.uk)
By isolating these fragments, purifying them, and placing them in a vaccine we can create safe vaccines that circumvent many of the risks posed by other vaccination types. (healthcentre.org.uk)
[8] Although no harmful effects on the fetus have been observed, there is insufficient evidence about the safety of BCG vaccination during pregnancy and therefore, vaccine is not recommended for use during pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
Single-dose vaccination also provided complete protection against virulent NDV challenge. (umd.edu)
Poliomyelitis prevention in the United States: introduction of a sequential vaccination schedule of inactivated poliovirus vaccine followed by oral poliovirus vaccine: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). (cdc.gov)
Their control and eradication require vaccination, but B. melitensis Rev 1, the only vaccine available, triggers anti-O-PS antibodies that interfere in the S-brucellae serodiagnosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Defining surrogate serologic tests with respect to predicting protective vaccine efficacy: Poliovirus vaccination. (who.int)

1.B. Define mechanisms of immune evasion that contribute to PRRSV disease pathogenicity, and which can be targeted through recombinant vaccines to improve vaccine efficacy. (usda.gov)
In order to circumvent these issues, and to develop a vaccine that is more relevant to Egypt and its neighboring countries, a recombinant avirulent Newcastle disease virus (rNDV) strain LaSota was constructed to express the codon-optimized S glycoprotein of the Egyptian IBV variant strain IBV/Ck/EG/CU/4/2014 belonging to GI-23 lineage, that is prevalent in Egypt and in the Middle East. (umd.edu)
Our current research activities are focused on the innovation of live attenuated coccidiosis vaccines ( LIVACOX ® T and LIVACOX ® Q ) and development of new immunobiologicals - i.e. recombinant coccidiosis vaccines for domestic fowl and vaccines for other avian species. (bri.cz)
We are evaluating a range of recombinant vaccine candidates, based on protein subunits as well as viral and mRNA vectors. (pirbright.ac.uk)
WHO's new recommendations on recombinant hepatitis E vaccines for regulators, manufacturers and vaccine developers provide guidance on their manufacturing and nonclinical and clinical evaluation. (who.int)

Pond trials were conducted with vaccinated fish using an experimental live-attenuated COL vaccine, and non-vaccinated channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). (auburn.edu)

Bacterial live vaccines can be highly efficient because they mimic the natural infection," said Dr. Petersen. (asm.org)
In order to better understand differences in the outcome of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection, we inoculated a very virulent (vv) strain into White Leghorn chickens of inbred line W that was previously reported to experience over 24% flock mortality, and three inbred lines (15I, C.B4 and 0) that were previously reported to display no mortality. (imperial.ac.uk)
Another glaring problem is the fact that the chickenpox vaccine itself is clearly a source of infection . (greenmedinfo.com)
The CDC states "Chickenpox vaccines contain weakened live VZV, which may cause latent (dormant) infection. (greenmedinfo.com)
[5] When the goal is to prevent infection, injecting children with the very infectious and communicable pathogen the vaccine is supposed to prevent seems like the very definition of quackery, does it not? (greenmedinfo.com)
Despite efforts made over past decades, there is no vaccine or treatment available for preventing and controlling the ASF virus (ASFV) infection, and there is an urgent need to develop novel strategies. (mdpi.com)
Another safety concern, again with live vaccines, is the fact that the attenuated strain of virus or bacteria mimics an actual infection in some ways. (healthcentre.org.uk)
In tests, ZIKV-LAV was non-virulent and protected both mice and non-human primates against Zika infection. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Epidemiological and experimental evidence has shown that the vaccines fail to prevent B. pertussis infection and transmission, although they are very effective in preventing disease. (frontiersin.org)
Furthermore, studies in mouse models have revealed that B. pertussis infection, but not immunization with current acellular pertussis vaccines induces resident memory T cells, which may also contribute to protection against colonization by B. pertussis . (frontiersin.org)
This vaccine is a live attenuated B. pertussis strain delivered nasally in order to mimic the natural route of infection. (frontiersin.org)
All three of the newly described species have negative impacts on chicken production parameters and the live vaccines currently available to control coccidiosis confer very low or no protection against them, most likely because of the species-specific nature of immune protection induced by Eimeria infection (Fornace et al. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, he showed that what we now call post-infection prophylaxis could be used to treat individuals who were exposed to a virulent organism, and if applied soon enough after infection, clinical disease and death could be averted. (frontiersin.org)
The adoption of this document will enable the licensing, subsequent prequalification and use of hepatitis E vaccines in outbreak areas to prevent hepatitis E virus infection. (who.int)

Animal experiments to be conducted involve one of three general designs: 1) disease pathogenesis and transmission studies, 2) vaccine efficacy studies, 3) sow/neonatal studies. (usda.gov)
Tuberculosis elimination is a goal of the World Health Organization (WHO), although the development of new vaccines with greater efficacy against adult pulmonary tuberculosis may be needed to make substantial progress. (wikipedia.org)
The vaccine platform will be tested in its efficacy in inducing cellular and antibody response to its components and protection again the challenge with the corresponding virulent virus. (usda.gov)
The increasing accessibility of whole-genome sequencing across research and clinical settings has improved our ability to predict antibacterial susceptibility, to track epidemics at the level of individual outbreaks and wider historical trends, to query the efficacy of the bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, and to uncover targets for novel antitubercular therapeutics. (jci.org)
Large-scale clinical trials demonstrate ideal safety and efficacy profile of this Chinese vaccine. (onacademic.com)
Recommendations to assure the quality, safety and efficacy of live attenuated poliomyelitis vaccine (oral). (who.int)

These antibodies will then be used to identify highly conserved vaccine targets that may be engineered to induce cross-protection. (pirbright.ac.uk)

Since the introduction of poliovirus vaccines in the 1950s and 1960s, poliomyelitis control has been achieved in the United States, the Americas, and elsewhere (1,2). (cdc.gov)
Discussion also centred on the role of inactivated poliovirus vaccines in the eradication program and the maintenance of a poliovirus-free world, whenever this goal should be achieved. (springer.com)
Inactivated and trivalent oral poliovirus vaccines contain either formalin- inactivated or live, attenuated poliovirus, respectively, of the three serotypes. (who.int)

As an added bonus, the strain of virus produced in this way caused fewer symptoms than the original attenuated strain , while still being effective. (anses.fr)

Now there is evidence from two separate cohorts of children, and two separate teams of researchers, that the vaccine strain measles virus is present in these children. (whale.to)
In recent years, measles has re-emerged, largely due to inadequate vaccine coverage. (gla.ac.uk)
This is true for both live, attenuated vaccines, such as the measles vaccine or the Sabin oral poliomyelitis vaccine, and non-living vaccines, such as those against whooping cough or tetanus. (theconversation.com)

When the IPV (injection) is used, 90% or more of individuals develop protective antibodies to all three serotypes of polio virus after two doses of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), and at least 99% are immune to polio virus following three doses. (wikipedia.org)
[21] Three doses of live-attenuated OPV produce protective antibodies to all three poliovirus types in more than 95% of recipients. (wikipedia.org)
Cell-associated vaccines are generally more effective than cell-free vaccines because they are neutralised less by maternal antibodies. (poultryhub.org)
Nevertheless, the only vaccine available for the immunoprophylaxis of B. melitensis and B. ovis is B. melitensis Rev 1, a live-attenuated S strain that elicits antibodies to the O-PS that interfere in B. melitensis serodiagnostic tests. (biomedcentral.com)

Inactivated or killed vaccines are made of pathogens that have been killed off, of certain parts of pathogens, or of toxins. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
Knowledge obtained will be applied to break the cycle of transmission of these swine pathogens through development of better vaccines or other novel intervention strategies. (usda.gov)
Increased disease pressures have come primarily from the ubiquitous pathogens responsible for columnaris (COL, Flavobacterium columnare), enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC, Edwardsiella ictaluri), and virulent Aeromonas hydrophila (vAh). (auburn.edu)
Viral vector-based vaccines offer the potential to provide protection against virulent pathogens entering via the mucosal route. (pirbright.ac.uk)

Attenuated vaccines contain live pathogen that has been disabled in their virulent properties. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
Subunit vaccines successfully overcome these risks as fragments of a disease causing pathogen are used rather than the whole organism. (healthcentre.org.uk)
The former uses a relative of the real pathogen that has had its teeth drawn but is sufficiently close in its make-up to evoke an immune response that then "spills over" to the virulent micro-organism. (theconversation.com)

Implementation of these recommendations should reduce the risk for vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis and facilitate a transition to exclusive use of IPV following further progress in global polio eradication. (cdc.gov)
Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) has been the only indigenous form of the disease in the United States since 1979. (cdc.gov)
[2] Oral polio vaccines cause about three cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis per million doses given. (wikipedia.org)
Vaccine- associated paralytic poliomyelitis: a review of the epidemiology and estimation of the global burden. (who.int)
Vaccine- associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) is a rare adverse event associated with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). (who.int)

and the development of viral vaccines. (gla.ac.uk)
Genvax has conducted proof of concept studies in pigs with a sa mRNA-lipid inorganic nano particle vaccine containing the hemagglutinin gene of swine influenza virus and shown robust immune response and protection against viral challenge. (usda.gov)
The sa mRNA-nanoparticle vaccine platform will contain transgene sequences that express 20 viral proteins for ASFV, CSFV or a combination of ASFV and CSFV proteins. (usda.gov)
An anti-vaccine activist's Instagram post on June 12 claims monkeypox is shingles, linking the viral illness to adverse events connected to the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine. (aap.com.au)

Altering the antigenic structure of S Brucella has been the preferred strategy to develop vaccines that circumvent the interference in S serological tests. (biomedcentral.com)

Washington, D.C. - January 25, 2019 - Vaccinating laboratory mice with Streptococcus mitis bacteria prevents their virulent sibling, Streptococcus pneumoniae from infecting the mice. (asm.org)
3.C. Develop SVA swine laboratory models to inform the development of vaccines. (usda.gov)
A vaccine to combat African swine fever could be produced based on research carried out by ANSES's Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory. (anses.fr)
To this end, the laboratory filed a patent for the vaccine that was published last August. (anses.fr)
For this purpose, Shi's laboratory developed an attenuated Zika vaccine that they named ZIKV-LAV. (medicalnewstoday.com)
These trials were a follow-up to promising laboratory results, which confirmed that the 17-23 vaccine increased protection against F. columnare in channel catfish fry. (auburn.edu)

Its hero is Albert Sabin - for if any one man conquered polio, it was Sabin, who developed the oral attenuated live-virus vaccine. (technologyreview.com)
It was only after Sabin's oral vaccine, which was cheap, effective, and easy to administer, was licensed for production in 1962 that polio could be fully controlled in the United States. (technologyreview.com)
But by the early 1950s, Sabin and many other immunologists and epidemiologists were convinced that an oral attenuated live-virus vaccine would be more effective. (technologyreview.com)
This change in policy is the most substantive since the introduction of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) in 1961. (cdc.gov)
The Western Hemisphere was certified to be free of indigenous wild poliovirus in 1994, an accomplishment achieved by the exclusive use of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) (7). (cdc.gov)
[2] However, the emergence of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV), a form of the vaccine virus that has reverted to causing poliomyelitis, has led to the development of novel oral polio vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) which aims to make the vaccine safer and thus stop further outbreaks of cVDPV2. (wikipedia.org)
[2] [11] Another attenuated live oral polio vaccine was developed by Albert Sabin and came into commercial use in 1961. (wikipedia.org)
This 1963 poster featured CDC's national symbol of public health , the " Wellbee ", encouraging the public to receive an oral polio vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
There are two types of vaccine: inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and oral polio vaccine (OPV). (wikipedia.org)
[17] IPV replaced the oral vaccine in many developed countries in the 1990s mainly due to the (small) risk of vaccine-derived polio in the oral vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
METHODS: We adapted an established poliovirus transmission and oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) evolution model to characterize dynamics of poliovirus transmission in NYS, including consideration of the immunization activities performed as part of the declared state of emergency. (cdc.gov)

These results indicate that the NDV-vectored IBV vaccines are promising bivalent vaccine candidates to control both infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease in Egypt. (umd.edu)
We are also exploring the potential for live attenuated PRRSV and pseudorabies virus to act as vaccine vectors for Nipah and thus provide a bivalent vaccine. (pirbright.ac.uk)

Onward from there to a remote Bolivian village to retrieve a particularly virulent plague bacillus for the Fort Detrick biological warfare scientists, followed by an apparent outbreak of lethal encephalitis among Guatemalan Mayans that stemmed from mercury fungicide on wheat seeds that the starving Indians had eaten. (scienceblogs.com)
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin ( BCG ) vaccine is a vaccine primarily used against tuberculosis (TB). (wikipedia.org)
RÉSUMÉ Des épidémies de Bacillus anthracis chez les animaux sont souvent signalées en République islamique d'Iran. (who.int)

The first successful demonstration of a polio vaccine was by Hilary Koprowski in 1950, with a live attenuated virus which people drank. (wikipedia.org)
[10] The success of an inactivated (killed) polio vaccine, developed by Jonas Salk , was announced in 1955 . (wikipedia.org)
Polio vaccine is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines . (wikipedia.org)

The difficulties in stimulating a reliable antibody response has led to the attempts to develop a vaccine that stimulates a response by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. (wikipedia.org)

Third, the "temperamental" Albert Sabin, who was working on his own vaccine at the University of Cincinnati, sabotaged the killed-virus vaccine. (technologyreview.com)

Several factors have influenced the risk-benefit balance of the current immunization policy, including disease risk, risk for adverse vaccine reactions, and the cost of vaccines in the United States. (cdc.gov)
2022. "Oronasal or Intramuscular Immunization with a Thermo-Attenuated ASFV Strain Provides Full Clinical Protection against Georgia 2007/1 Challenge" Viruses 14, no. 12: 2777. (anses.fr)

By dissecting the pathological and protective immune responses evoked by PRRSV, we will be able to design safer and more effective vaccines. (pirbright.ac.uk)

Reversion is a concern when using these vaccinations, and is one of the reasons why alternatives like the subunit vaccine have been developed. (healthcentre.org.uk)

Our analysis confirmed that individual outbreaks were caused by virulent revertants of AHSV type 1 live, attenuated vaccine (LAV) and reassortants with genome segments derived from AHSV types 1, 3, and 4 from a LAV used in South Africa. (cdc.gov)
We also aim to develop a safe and efficacious Nipah virus vaccine for pigs that will aid the prevention and control of Nipah outbreaks. (pirbright.ac.uk)

Between the 1880s and the mid twentieth century, no one had reproduced Pasteur's work, attenuating bacteria to make vaccines. (frontiersin.org)

But candidate antigens for new vaccines are now being designed much more deliberately. (theconversation.com)

Oxford University Press, 2005, $30.00 April 12 was the day, 50 years ago, that the U.S. Public Health Service licensed the killed-virus vaccine against poliomyelitis developed by Jonas Salk. (technologyreview.com)
On the anniversary day and minute, the Smithsonian Institution tolled the bell on its oldest building 50 times to open an exhibit at the National Museum of American History centered on Salk and the vaccine. (technologyreview.com)
That morning, the science correspondent for National Public Radio extolled the polio conquest and the Salk vaccine in the first part of a three-part series. (technologyreview.com)
Second, the Salk vaccine was effective and conquered polio in this country. (technologyreview.com)

Therefore, the immune responses raised by any vaccine need to be broad enough to account for this variability. (wikipedia.org)
This new review brings to the forefront a few critically important questions: are natural infectious challenges essential for establishing a healthy immune system, and is the chicken pox vaccine doing more harm than good? (greenmedinfo.com)
And then there were the hundreds of millions of years of bodily evolution where no such option existed, but which nonetheless enabled us through our own well-adapted innate and acquired immune apparatus to survive as a species up unto this point in time, where now we flagrantly cast our biological inheritance to the wind in favor of mass experimentation with 60+ vaccines given to our childen by age 6. (greenmedinfo.com)
Yet, compared to systemic responses, mucosal immune responses have attracted relatively little attention in the context of pertussis vaccine development. (frontiersin.org)
ASFV and CSFV proteins identified as critical in the induction of a protective immune response in pigs will be tested as experimental subunit vaccines using the self-amplifying (sa) mRNA inorganic nanoparticle technology. (usda.gov)

Why have Subunit Vaccines been developed? (healthcentre.org.uk)
What subunit vaccines are being used? (healthcentre.org.uk)
Subunit vaccines are being tested for hepatitis C, the whooping cough, and herpes simplex. (healthcentre.org.uk)
The objective of this proposal is to develop a novel experimental subunit vaccines to ASF, CSF and ASF/CSF based in the use of self-amplifying (sa) mRNA-nanoparticles (NP). (usda.gov)

One of the basic methods used to create these 'weakened' vaccines is to serially passage the infectious agent through both and/or either animal and human biological fluids (e.g. bovine serum) and cells, giving the vaccine master seed stock an opportunity to become contaminated along the way with hidden disease vectors, including cancer-causing viruses. (greenmedinfo.com)
Moreover macaques infected with attenuated SIV display potent resistance to subsequent superinfection challenge with cell-free homologous and heterologous viruses including chimeric SIV expressing HIV envelope [14-16] and disease infected cells [17]. (crispr-reagents.com)
In addition, we are applying our expertise in porcine immunology and vaccinology to contribute to the development of vaccines to combat new and emerging zoonotic viruses, such as the Nipah virus and SARS-CoV-2. (pirbright.ac.uk)
The recommended guidelines for the safe development and production of vaccines to human pandemic influenza viruses and influenza viruses with pandemic potential replace the previous guidelines adopted by the Expert Committee in 2005. (who.int)

Some vaccines based on the virus envelope have protected chimpanzees or macaques from homologous virus challenge, but in clinical trials, humans who were immunised with similar constructs became infected after later exposure to HIV-1. (wikipedia.org)
We are supporting the UK response to the COVID-19 pandemic by evaluating a range of vaccine candidates for immunogenicity in pigs to inform further clinical development. (pirbright.ac.uk)
Abstract The live attenuated Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine SA14-14-2 was licensed decades ago and now approved for clinical use in most JE endemic countries. (onacademic.com)

Presently, a polyvalent, live, attenuated vaccine (LAV) against AHSV (AHSV-LAV), which is produced by Onderstepoort Biological Products (Pretoria, South Africa) and provides broad protection against all 9 AHSV types ( 10 ), is used widely in South Africa and adjacent countries. (cdc.gov)
This phenomena, which is unique to MD and is strongly serotype specific, has led to the development of polyvalent vaccines (vaccines containing more than one vaccine strain). (poultryhub.org)

To make vaccines available on a global scale, manufacturers are increasingly entering partnerships with international public health agencies and with regulatory authorities. (theconversation.com)

The widely used control measures are anticoccidials and coccidiosis vaccines. (bri.cz)
Investigación continua enfocada sobre el estudio de la coccidiosis en los pollos y en el desarrollo de nuevas tecnología en el campo de la producción avícolas. (bri.cz)

It is estimated that whooping cough causes globally around 200,000 deaths per year and more than 24 million new pertussis cases in children younger than 5 years were reported in 2014 ( 5 ), in spite of the wide usage of efficacious pertussis vaccines ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
There is therefore an urgent need to develop more efficacious vaccines to aid PRRSV control. (pirbright.ac.uk)

In 2002, they created an attenuated, or weakened, strain of Toxoplasma that showed great promise as a vaccine. (dartmouth.edu)

Marek's disease (MD) vaccines have been successfully used for decades to control tumor formation induced by Marek's disease virus (MDV), the causative agent and an oncogenic alphaherpesvirus. (usda.gov)
With your donation you can support them in developing drugs and vaccines against the virus or in deciphering the mechanisms of disease development and progression. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
The risk for vaccine-associated poliomyelitis caused by OPV is now judged less acceptable because of the diminished risk for wild-virus-associated disease (indigenous or imported). (cdc.gov)
The team carried out a series of studies with this attenuated strain and confirmed that most pigs inoculated intramuscularly or oronasally with this virus showed only mild symptoms. (anses.fr)
The scientists will also assess the ability of the vaccine to prevent animals that are vaccinated and then exposed to the pathogenic ASF virus from retransmitting the virus. (anses.fr)
[22] The live virus used in the vaccine can rarely shed in the stool and can rarely spread to others within a community. (wikipedia.org)
All rNDV-vectored IBV vaccine candidates were genetically stable, slightly attenuated and showed growth patterns comparable to that of parental rLaSota virus. (umd.edu)
According to a recent series of experiments, it might soon be treated with the Zika virus vaccine. (medicalnewstoday.com)
An attenuated virus is still viable, or "live," but it has been altered to make it safer. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Development of a Nipah virus vaccine to eliminate porcine reservoirs and safeguard human health. (pirbright.ac.uk)
We are working with colleagues and partners to develop a prototype Nipah virus vaccine for pigs. (pirbright.ac.uk)
PRRS control is hampered by the rapid evolution of the virus and shortcomings with existing vaccines. (pirbright.ac.uk)
One vaccine had been generated using Pasteur's principles, the live attenuated Yellow Fever Virus vaccine, which was created in the 1930s ( Theiler and Smith, 1936 ). (frontiersin.org)
However, reading about this work now, I realized that the attenuated Yellow Fever Virus vaccine was made possible by a single random mutation, so that luck had a great deal to do with this vaccine. (frontiersin.org)
In the present study, to study the in vitro and in vivo genetic and attenuation stability of the vaccine virus, SA14-14-2 was serially passaged in Vero cells and mouse brain followed by sequence comparison and attenuation phenotype analysis. (onacademic.com)
An inactivated vaccine (or killed vaccine ) consists of virus particles which are grown in culture and then killed using a method such as heat or formaldehyde. (nursingguide.net)
The revised guidelines also specify the measures to be taken to prevent or minimize the risk to workers involved in the development and production of such vaccines, and the risk of virus release into the environment, including the risk of transmission to animals. (who.int)
Seroconversion is dependent on both the relative content as well as the absolute quantity of virus in the vaccine. (who.int)

When the vaccine was injected into the brains of mice, there appeared to be no physical or behavioral side effects. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The mice that only received GSCs developed tumors quickly, but the mice that received GSCs plus the vaccine showed delayed tumor growth. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The results confirmed that 25 samples con- tained B. anthracis, of which 9 were virulent for mice and guinea pigs. (who.int)

They were then challenged in four ways: with two Chryseobacterium isolates, a Flavobacterium isolate, a combination of the three, and a "standard virulent" strain. (aquaculturenorthamerica.com)

In order for these scientific discoveries to lead to effective industrial developments and ultimately to the production of vaccines, it must be possible to transfer them to the veterinary pharmaceutical industry. (anses.fr)

However, surprisingly, its prevalence is also strongly increasing in westernized countries ( 8 ), especially since the switch from the first-generation, whole-cell vaccines to the new-generation, acellular pertussis vaccines. (frontiersin.org)

Additionally, the highly respected Cochrane Database Review repeatedly contradicts the CDC's claims by demonstrating that there is a conspicuous lack of unequivocal scientific evidence supporting their claim that influenza vaccines are safe and effective . (greenmedinfo.com)

ANSES's scientists continued to work on the attenuated strain, in particular so that it could multiply in cell lines produced in vitro and not in cells that had to be taken from pigs, as had initially been the case. (anses.fr)
The vaccine developed by ANSES's scientists has the advantage of not being produced by genetic manipulation , making it easier to authorise its use in the wild. (anses.fr)

[6] These retroviruses are normally not capable of infecting other species, but during the vaccine manufacturing process where viable biological materials from different species are often cultured together, or undergo accidental admixture, they can become reactivated and infectious to another species. (greenmedinfo.com)
Toward the end of his career, Pasteur moved from microbiology to the study of vaccines, a natural extension, to try to prevent infectious diseases in domestic animals. (frontiersin.org)

And current vaccines target only 13 of more than 90 serotypes of S. pneumoniae . (asm.org)
The serotypes that exist are 'virulent' (disease causing) chicken isolates (serotype 1) and 'avirulent' (non-disease causing) chicken isolates (serotype 2). (poultryhub.org)
It was found that better protection from MD was obtained when certain combinations of serotypes were used together in a vaccine rather than one serotype alone (protective synergism). (poultryhub.org)
Interference among the three attenuated poliovirus serotypes was minimized with a 'balanced- formulation' vaccine, and serologic responses after IPV were optimized by adjusting the antigenic content of each inactivated poliovirus serotype. (who.int)

Although the pertussis incidence has dramatically decreased since the first introduction of these vaccines ( 7 ), whooping cough remains a major global public health problem, mostly in resource-poor countries. (frontiersin.org)

To facilitate the ability to identify genetic changes, a homogenous MDV strain with a single and known genome sequence was generated from a virulent Md5 BAC clone. (usda.gov)
While the genome sequence was already transformative at the time, the past 25 years of progress have substantially increased its impact on TB taxonomy, drug discovery, resistance mechanisms, epidemiology, vaccine development, and pathogenesis. (jci.org)

It remains the only vaccine licensed against tuberculosis, which is an ongoing pandemic . (wikipedia.org)

As if that were not enough, Pasteur also introduced the concept of therapeutic vaccines with his studies of rabies. (frontiersin.org)

Anatomy13

Organisms44

Diseases28

Chemicals and Drugs106

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Phenomena and Processes28

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science3

Named Groups1

Health Care10

Geographicals1

Strains25

Less virulent2

Virulence8

Immunity14

Highly virulent2

Vaccination14

Recombinant5

Experimental live-attenuated1

Infection14

Efficacy6

Induce1

Poliovirus vaccines3

Original attenuated strain1

Measles3

Antibodies4

Pathogens4

Pathogen3

Paralytic poliomyelitis5

Viral4

Circumvent1

Laboratory6

Oral11

Bivalent vaccine2

Bacillus3

Polio vaccine3

Develop a vaccine1

Sabin1

Immunization2

Effective vaccines1

Reversion1

Outbreaks2

Bacteria1

Candidate antigens1

Salk4

Immune5

Subunit vaccines4

Viruses4

Clinical3

Polyvalent2

Make vaccines1

Coccidiosis2

Efficacious2

Toxoplasma1

Virus18

Mice3

Flavobacterium1

Production of vaccines1

Acellular1

Influenza1

Scientists2

Infectious2

Serotypes4

Whooping cough1

Genome sequence2

Tuberculosis1

Rabies1