• However, the underlying mechanisms are not understood and a possible role for prophages in driving virulence of coral pathogens, as is the case for V. cholerae , has not yet been considered. (nature.com)
  • This is due to the unique virulence factor s produced by individual pathogens, which determine the extent and severity of disease they may cause. (pressbooks.pub)
  • Similar to other bacterial pathogens, multi-drug resistant (MDR) and even extensively drug-resistant (XDR) S. Typhi strains are spreading globally, which are anticipated to worsen the morbidity and mortality of typhoid fever if new interventions are not implemented. (google.com)
  • We use a multidisciplinary approach integrating data & computational science, cell biology, molecular biology, microbiology, biochemistry, glycobiology, immunology, structural biology (cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography), and murine models to decipher the interactions between the host and (drug-resistant) bacterial pathogens. (google.com)
  • The discovered mechanosensitive pathway is conserved in other pathogens, allowing this strategy to be exploited for developing unique antibiotics to combat multiple types of bacterial infections. (technologypublisher.com)
  • Furthermore, indole and its derivatives are viewed as potential antivirulence compounds against antibiotic-resistant pathogens because of their ability to inhibit quorum sensing and virulence factor production. (nih.gov)
  • However, the common virulence factors across diverse plant pathogens are largely uncharacterized. (figshare.com)
  • In particular, the disruption of PCD gene led to attenuated virulence in all pathogens and significantly affected phytotoxin production in B. glumae. (figshare.com)
  • In conclusion, our results provide cross-species in planta models for identifying common virulence factors, which can be useful for the protection of crops against diverse pathogens. (figshare.com)
  • The bacterial pathogens within the RSSC produce exopolysaccharide (EPS), a highly complicated nitrogen-containing heteropolymeric polysaccharide, as a major virulence factor. (ppjonline.org)
  • At present it is assumed that the relationship between an individual's susceptibility and bacterial virulence determines the balance between tolerance of invading pathogens and the mounting of an immune response, which in turn dictates the course of infection and subsequent recurrence. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • During my career I have gained valuable experience working with a range of bacterial pathogens. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Bacterial pathogens are also responsible for many of the infections acquired in hospitals and for some 'old' diseases, including tuberculosis, which is now on the increase in many parts of the world. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • The molecular strategies that bacterial and viral pathogens use to colonize the human body and cause disease will be studied. (sfu.ca)
  • These structures are critical for the virulence of many pathogens and represent one major way that bacteria share DNA with one another, which contributes to the spread of antibiotic resistance. (biorxiv.org)
  • Whole-genome sequencing allows for finer subtyping of pathogens and reveals evolutionary relationships between bacterial isolates, allowing for more rapid outbreak detection and a better understanding of transmission and links between cases. (cdc.gov)
  • In the United States, local, state, and federal agencies are uploading data on bacterial foodborne pathogens, influenza, and other pathogens to public databases. (cdc.gov)
  • Only a few bacterial species are human pathogens. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Important bacterial pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. (lu.se)
  • Distinct pathogens use a diverse arsenal of molecular weapons to establish infection, designated virulence factors. (lu.se)
  • When genes encoding virulence factors are inactivated, virulence in the pathogen is diminished. (pressbooks.pub)
  • Researchers in the Department of Molecular Biology at Princeton University and the School of Medicine at Dartmouth College have identified a novel strategy for inhibiting the pathogenesis of the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa by regulating its virulence factors upon surface contact instead of inhibiting its growth. (technologypublisher.com)
  • Both the alga and the bacterium were found to co-occur during a natural E. huxleyi bloom, therefore establishing this host-pathogen system as an attractive, ecologically relevant model for studying algal-bacterial interactions in the oceans. (huji.ac.il)
  • Intriguingly, exogenous application of DMSP enhanced bacterial virulence and induced susceptibility in an algal strain typically resistant to the bacterial pathogen. (huji.ac.il)
  • Deletion of the C-terminus of polynucleotide phosphorylase increases twitching motility, a virulence characteristic of the anaerobic bacterial pathogen Dichelobacter nodosus. (bvsalud.org)
  • Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) is a soil borne plant pathogen causing bacterial wilt on various important crops, including Solanaceae plants. (ppjonline.org)
  • Streptococcus pyogenes is a major human-specific bacterial pathogen that causes a wide array of manifestations ranging from mild localized infections to life-threatening invasive infections. (nih.gov)
  • We have studied how bacterial species such as the pathogen Salmonella enterica maintain a discrete number of flagellar per cell during cell growth and division. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Our activities range from fundamental bacteriology, host -pathogen interactions and the structural basis for virulence. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Specifically, identifying the origin of reads assigned to specific pathogen from a diverse environmental sample containing thousands other bacterial species can be difficult. (cdc.gov)
  • Enhanced understanding of pathogen derived virulence attributes can facilitate development of novel anti-infectives aimed at distinct virulence factors. (lu.se)
  • In this section, we examine various types and specific examples of virulence factors and how they contribute to each step of pathogenesis. (pressbooks.pub)
  • Analysis of virulence related gene expression and computational simulations of pivotal proteins involved in pathogenesis demonstrate that myricetin downregulates the saeR global regulator and interacts with sortase A and α-hemolysin. (nature.com)
  • Glycan-Mediated Molecular Interactions in Bacterial Pathogenesis. (google.com)
  • His work discovered new components of the bacterial cytoskeleton, new functions for bacterial polymers in metabolism, compartmentalization, and chromosome dynamics, and established the importance of protein assembly for unexpected processes like metabolism and pathogenesis. (technologypublisher.com)
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Indole, as an interspecies and interkingdom signaling molecule, plays important roles in bacterial pathogenesis and eukaryotic immunity. (nih.gov)
  • I also have a strong background in bacterial pathogenesis of both Animal and Plant Hosts. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Virulence factors located on chromosomal pathogenicity islands also exist in some strains of V. coralliilyticus . (nature.com)
  • A cluster of virulence genes encoded on a pathogenicity island is responsible for the pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes . (pressbooks.pub)
  • The capsule-which can be found in both gram negative and gram-positive bacteria-is different from the second lipid membrane - bacterial outer membrane, which contains lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins and is found only in gram-negative bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • The capsule is considered a virulence factor because it enhances the ability of bacteria to cause disease (e.g. prevents phagocytosis). (wikipedia.org)
  • Subsequently, the bacteria move to the xylem vessels of the plants to express their virulence factors. (ppjonline.org)
  • In bacteria, polyphosphate plays a very important part in virulence. (asbmb.org)
  • Type IV pili are ubiquitous surface appendages in Gram-negative bacteria that promote diverse activities including attachment, virulence, biofilm formation, horizontal gene transfer, and twitching motility [ 1 - 5 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • This indicates that the proportion of these bacteria increases within the remaining bacterial community, which is likely a result of a reduction or elimination of other bacteria via antimicrobial interventions applied during meat processing. (cdc.gov)
  • Role of serotype and virulence determinants of Streptococcus pyogenes biofilm bacteria in internalization and persistence in epithelial cells in vitro. (lu.se)
  • Here, live respiratory epithelial cells were inoculated with broth-grown or biofilm bacteria of different M-types, as well as with isogenic mutants lacking common virulence factors. (lu.se)
  • Microscopy of internalized bacteria showed that planktonic bacteria were internalized in lower numbers as individual or small clumps of bacteria in the cytoplasm, whereas GAS biofilm bacteria displayed a pattern of perinuclear localization of bacterial aggregates that affected actin structure. (lu.se)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Role of serotype and virulence determinants of Streptococcus pyogenes biofilm bacteria in internalization and persistence in epithelial cells in vitro. (lu.se)
  • Gram-negative bacteria have an additional outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin), increasing the virulence of these bacteria. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In Vibrio cholerae , infection by a bacterial virus (bacteriophage) results in the conversion of non-pathogenic strains to pathogenic strains and this can lead to cholera pandemics. (nature.com)
  • This process of inducing virulence in an otherwise harmless bacterium through prophage infection and integration of the prophage genome into the bacterial host genome is called lysogenic conversion 8 . (nature.com)
  • However, some patients may have bacterial infection despite negative urine cultures. (medscape.com)
  • These enzymes are considered emerging virulence factors during infection because the host glycan changes. (researchgate.net)
  • Plant bacterial disease is a complex outcome achieved through a combination of virulence factors that are activated during infection. (figshare.com)
  • The virulence of Bordetella bronchiseptica in gnotobiotic piglets was studied by intranasal infection with 11 cultures derived from eight strains isolated from pigs (4), dogs (2), a human subject and a monkey. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common bacterial infection with symptoms that include urinary frequency, urgency to void, dysuria and abdominal pain. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • However, the investigators found that mice that differed genetically reacted differently to infection-for example, two bacterial strains that caused robust bladder infection in one mouse model were much less effective in a second mouse model. (nih.gov)
  • Together, the study findings suggest that rather than a signature set of genes consistently determining virulence, a more complex and dynamic interplay between E. coli strains and their host environment determines infection and subsequent disease. (nih.gov)
  • Through our fundamental research activities, we aim to gain better understanding of the mechanisms of bacterial infection, which would aid the identification of new targets for antimicrobial compounds and vaccine candidates. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Several of us are part of the "MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection," a College cross-faculty initiative that uses multidisciplinary approaches and cutting edge techniques to study bacterial infections at atomic, cellular and organism levels. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Bacterial pneumonia (see the image below) is caused by a pathogenic infection of the lungs and may present as a primary disease process or as the final, fatal disorder primarily in an individual who is already debilitated. (medscape.com)
  • We report here that myricetin, but not its glycosylated form, can remarkably decrease the production of several S. aureus virulence factors, including adhesion, biofilm formation, hemolysis and staphyloxanthin production, without interfering with growth. (nature.com)
  • Any drug impairing crucial processes for bacterial life will inevitably lead to the development of drug-resistant strains, whereas the inhibition of biofilm formation might prevent the onset of bacterial resistance. (intechopen.com)
  • Bacterial type IV pili are critical for diverse biological processes including horizontal gene transfer, surface sensing, biofilm formation, adherence, motility, and virulence. (biorxiv.org)
  • Antimicrobial proteins and peptides offer a multifaceted mechanism suitable to fight bacterial resistance. (frontiersin.org)
  • What we figured out is that bleach works as a really potent protein-denaturing agent, essentially boiling bacterial proteins at room temperature. (asbmb.org)
  • An important concept in the evaluation of data regarding transfusion-transmitted bacterial infections (TTBIs) is the definition of a case. (medscape.com)
  • The flagellar filament is a major antigen recognized by hosts during bacterial infections. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • This might help with boosting the host defense and allowing the host to be more able to deal with bacterial infections while at the same time potentially mitigating the damage in the host. (asbmb.org)
  • Bacterial infections cause a huge burden of disease throughout the world and kill millions of people and animals each year through diseases such as pneumonia, diarrhoea and meningitis, as well as genito-urinary and blood infections. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Therefore, this descriptive observational study was performed to determine the frequency of MRSA and factor virulence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) as well as the antimicrobial resistance profile accompanying methicillin resistance in S. aureusisolated from skin and soft tissue infections in ambulatory patients from two laboratories of Asuncion, Paraguay from October, 2012 to February, 2014. (bvsalud.org)
  • These results support the hypothesis that PNPase is a virulence repressor in benign strains of D. nodosus. (bvsalud.org)
  • The present study was conducted to correlate the biotypes of Gardnerella vaginalis strains isolated from cases of bacterial vaginosis and their virulence factors. (manipal.edu)
  • Thirty-two strains of G. vaginalis isolated from cases of bacterial vaginosis were biotyped. (manipal.edu)
  • The whole genome of various RSSC strains have been analyzed, and its virulence mechanism has been extensively investigated. (ppjonline.org)
  • Despite extensive effort in studying the virulence of RSSC strains, the complete understanding of the virulence mechanism remains elusive. (ppjonline.org)
  • Bacterial strains that more robustly infected the mice correlated with markers of greater UTI severity in women, such as higher white blood cell counts in urine. (nih.gov)
  • Udayalaxmi, J , Bhat, GK & Kotigadde, S 2011, ' Biotypes and virulence factors of Gardnerella vaginalis isolated from cases of bacterial vaginosis ', Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology , vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 165-168. (manipal.edu)
  • Chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) is most often caused by Escherichia coli or other gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae, and typically affects men 36 to 50 years of age. (medscape.com)
  • Song J. (2022) Bacterial AB toxins and host-microbe interactions. (google.com)
  • Direct IgG epitope mapping on bacterial AB toxins by cryo-EM. (google.com)
  • Emphasis will be placed on the specific microbes and their virulence factors, secretion systems, toxins and surface adhesions. (sfu.ca)
  • Bacterial cell wall components and toxins, for example, are well-known virulence factors for sepsis that directly contribute to the profound dysregulation of the immune response. (lu.se)
  • A pathogen's virulence factors are encoded by genes that can be identified using molecular Koch's postulates. (pressbooks.pub)
  • She spoke with John Arnst, ASBMB Today's science writer, about her lab's work exploring molecular chaperones and mechanisms of bleach resistance in bacterial and human cells. (asbmb.org)
  • Whole-genome sequencing can also predict phenotypic characteristics, such as virulence, serotype, and antimicrobial resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • In Paraguay, there are few records aboutmethicillin resistance and virulence factors at community level. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is required to strengthen surveillance, prevention and control of bacterial resistance strategies in hospital and community environments. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this work we (1) determine the shelf-life of ready-to-use microfluidics, (2) demonstrate biofilm-like colonization on fungi, (3) describe bacterial motility on fungal hyphae (fungal highway), (4) report material-dependent bacterial-fungal colonization, (5) demonstrate germination of vacuum-sealed Arabidopsis seeds in microfluidics stored for up to 2 weeks, and (6) observe bidirectional cytoplasmic streaming in fungi. (springer.com)
  • Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) es actualmente el agente etiológico más frecuente en infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos. (bvsalud.org)
  • Most bacterial capsules are composed of polysaccharide, but some species use other materials, such as poly-D-glutamic acid in Bacillus anthracis. (wikipedia.org)
  • A significant number of bacterial species encode multiple copies of the filament building block - flagellin. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • We complement our study on flagellar abundance with research to understanding how a filament is assembled from multiple flagellins, a trait maintained by many bacterial species. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Author Summary Almost all bacterial species use thin surface appendages called pili to interact with their environments. (biorxiv.org)
  • We propose a novel function for DMSP, in addition to its central role in mutualistic interactions among marine organisms, as a mediator of bacterial virulence that may regulate E. huxleyi blooms. (huji.ac.il)
  • My expertise utilise bacterial genetics to study fundamental aspects of the bacterial life cycle and host-microbe interactions. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • The bacterial identification was performed using conventional microbiological techniques and the antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion. (bvsalud.org)
  • The flagellum is a unique molecular machine driving bacterial movement through liquid environments. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • We are a diverse group of scientists interested in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying bacterial disease. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Type III secretion system effectors form robust and flexible intracellular virulence networks. (tau.ac.il)
  • Our focus is on two S. Typhi's virulence factors, typhoid toxin and Vi capsular polysaccharide (CPS). (google.com)
  • It is a polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell envelope, and is thus deemed part of the outer envelope of a bacterial cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using mutagenesis, we uncovered a relationship between bacterial virulence and functions highly conserved and shared in the studied genomes of the bacterial phytopathogens, including flagellar biosynthesis protein, C4-dicarboxylate ABC transporter, 2-methylisocitrate lyase, and protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (PCD). (figshare.com)
  • The incidence of bacterial transmission depends on the blood product and also on the definition of the cases. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 , 6 ] The higher incidence of bacterial transmission via platelets has been attributed to the difference in storage temperatures. (medscape.com)
  • Additionally, the SL341P4 mutant exhibited reduced disease severity and incidence of bacterial wilt in tomato plants compared to the wild-type SL341 without alteration of bacterial multiplication. (ppjonline.org)
  • Unlike antibacterials that aim to inhibit cell growth, antivirulence therapies are based on the inhibition of bacterial virulence. (nature.com)
  • Regulation of bacterial virulence gene expression by the host environment. (jci.org)
  • Two bacterial virulence factors are required for effective induction of apoptosis by extracellular GAS: (i) hyaluronic acid capsule that inhibits bacterial internalization and (ii) secreted cytolysin, streptolysin O (SLO), that forms. (lu.se)
  • Two bacterial virulence factors are required for effective induction of apoptosis by extracellular GAS: (i) hyaluronic acid capsule that inhibits bacterial internalization and (ii) secreted cytolysin, streptolysin O (SLO), that forms transmembrane pores that permit extracellular calcium influx into the cytosol. (lu.se)
  • A ubiquitous organism, S pyogenes is the most common bacterial cause of acute pharyngitis , accounting for 15-30% of cases in children and 5-10% of cases in adults. (medscape.com)
  • The signal delivered by C. burnetii was triggered by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). (nih.gov)
  • My laboratory uses, bacterial genetics, protein biochemistry, structural biology, bioinformatics and microscopic techniques to validate our genetic findings. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Virulence factors expressed by G. vaginalis were not associated with a single biotype. (manipal.edu)
  • They also exclude bacterial viruses and most hydrophobic toxic materials such as detergents. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bacterial cell structure Quellung reaction, a method to visualize capsule under a microscope Peterson JW (1996). (wikipedia.org)
  • Bacterial biofilm is a major factor in delayed wound healing and high levels of biofilm production have been repeatedly described in multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs). (uniroma1.it)
  • The mainstay of drug therapy for bacterial pneumonia is antibiotic treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Further characterization of the microbiome allowed for the identification of 63 virulence factors within 27 samples (31% of samples). (cdc.gov)
  • After an episode of acute bacterial prostatitis, approximately 5% of patients may progress to CBP. (medscape.com)