• She then integrated the Viroscience Department for her post-doctoral studies, which have focused on the pathogenesis, virulence and transmissibility of influenza A viruses, with special emphasis on genetic and phenotypic viral factors involved in the emergence of new pandemics. (erasmusmc.nl)
  • Moreover, at least one of the human H7N9 isolates was readily passed from one ferret to another via respiratory droplets in the team's transmissibility experiments. (genomeweb.com)
  • From their genome sequencing data, investigators speculated that the increased virulence and transmissibility of the human H7N9 isolates may stem from subtle genetic changes that alter one or two amino acids encoded by H7N9's basic polymerase 2 gene, for instance, and/or shift hemagglutinin interactions with host cell receptors. (genomeweb.com)
  • Studies of influenza A virus (IAV) pathogenicity, transmissibility, and tropism in ferrets have revealed critical roles for upper respiratory tract tissues (URT, including the nasal respiratory epithelium and the soft palate) in virus reassortment, transmission, and elicitation of host responses following IAV infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Further virological, clinical and epidemiological investigations are needed to ascertain the role of this and other mutations that may alter the virulence and transmissibility of the pandemic influenza A (H1N1)pdm09. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fitness obstacles to infections adapting to brand-new hosts, including efficient viral replication and host-to-host transmissibility, may be selected for individually of changes associated with virulence and pathogenicity properties and might be associated with different and possibly conflicting or competing mutations (61). (biopaqc.com)
  • From the Harvard School of Public Health, Marc Lipsitch and Barry Bloom argue in their mBio commentary that H5N1 viruses that are transmissible between mammals could pose "a greater threat to public health than possibly any other infectious agent currently under study in laboratories, because of such viruses' likely combination of transmissibility and virulence to humans. (npr.org)
  • Thus, NS1, an influenza virulence factor that inhibits the RIG-I/type I IFN pathway, strongly modulated the IL-1ß response in lung epithelial cells and in ferrets. (lonza.com)
  • The influenza virus was discovered and isolated from ferrets in 1933. (vitalitymagazine.com)
  • St. Jude Children's Research Hospital scientists discovered how the current epizootic H5N1 avian influenza virus (bird flu) gained new genes and greater virulence as it spread west. (newswise.com)
  • The systems of host change, and mammalian web host version especially, remain only understood partly, characterizing the origin thus, virulence, and pathogenic properties of past pandemic influenza infections, like the 1918 trojan, is essential for current community wellness potential and preparedness pandemic setting up. (biopaqc.com)
  • These studies have shown that both the gene encoding hemagglutinin (HA) and those encoding the ribonucleoprotein polymerase (RNP) complex become virulence elements in chimeric infections in which a number of 1918 trojan genes was placed on the backdrop of the modern human-adapted seasonal influenza trojan. (biopaqc.com)
  • Mutations in the Neuraminidase-Like Protein of Bat Influenza H18N11 Virus Enhance Virus Replication in Mammalian Cells, Mice, and Ferrets. (cdc.gov)
  • TWiV 1047: Long COVID and avian flu in ferrets September 24, 2023 TWiV explains a study of postacute sequelae of COVID-19 at 2 years, and airborne transmission of human-isolated avian H3N8 influenza virus between ferrets. (microbe.tv)
  • The objective of this work was to compare the fitness of two strains of OR (R6 and R7) containing the H275Y mutation, and a wild-type (F) pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 (pdm09) virus both in vitro and in vivo in mice and to select one OR strain for a comparison with F in ferrets. (bris.ac.uk)
  • When the scientists tested the newer avian flu strains for their ability to cause disease in mammals by infecting a ferret model, they found an unexpectedly high amount of pathogenicity. (newswise.com)
  • In particular, serial passage can be quite useful in studies that seek to alter the virulence of a virus or other pathogen. (wikipedia.org)
  • The CH5424802 kinase activity assay 1918 CH5424802 kinase activity assay computer virus is highly pathogenic in mice (28, 65), ferrets (37, 67), and cynomolgus macaques (29), causing significant morbidity and mortality in each of these varieties without prior adaptation. (biopaqc.com)
  • We conclude that despite considerable genetic variances, all three contemporary swine-origin A(H3N2) viruses displayed a capacity for robust replication in the ferret respiratory tract and were also capable of limited airborne transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • Nuclear pore protein Nup98 is involved in replication of Rift Valley fever virus and nuclear import of virulence factor NSs. (sfb1021.de)
  • My lab established the first reverse genetics system for SIVs, made seminal contributions to the development of a modified live SIV vaccine (sold in the U.S. as Ingelvac Provenza™), and contributed to understanding the virulence of the reconstructed 1918 "Spanish Flu" virus in livestock. (k-state.edu)
  • This can also create strains that are more transmissible in addition to lower virulence, as demonstrated by A/H5N1 passage in ferrets. (wikipedia.org)
  • Depending on the virulence of the organism, as well as the age and comorbidities of the patient, viral pneumonia can vary from a mild, self-limited illness to a life-threatening disease. (medscape.com)
  • During this log phase of growth of the organism in the lungs, virulence factors such as leukotoxin are elaborated by M haemolytica . (merckvetmanual.com)
  • More importantly, differential viral kinetics correlated with differential pro-inflammatory host immune responses in the lungs of infected ferrets, where OR-infected animals developed a protective higher expression of type I IFN and Retinoid acid Inducible Gene I (RIG-I) genes early after infection, resulting in the development of milder disease. (bris.ac.uk)
  • It is a highly contagious and viral disease of canines and other carnivores, that being said, depending on the strain of the virus, it varies in virulence from mild to fatal. (thrive4lifepetfood.com)
  • Although the name suggests it only effects dogs, CVD can effect cats as well as other carnivores such as ferrets. (thrive4lifepetfood.com)
  • We detected ferret coronaviruses in 44 (55.7%) of 79 pet ferrets tested in Japan and classified the viruses into 2 genotypes on the basis of genotype-specific PCR. (cdc.gov)
  • Human infections with H7N9 viruses occurred each year and the viruses gained virulence markers that potentially enhance the risk for humans and may have increased their spread into the human population, making this virus a notable pandemic threat 3 , 4 . (nature.com)
  • Here we show that the European HPAI H5N8 viruses differ from the Korean and Japanese HPAI H5N8 viruses by several amino acids and that a Dutch HPAI H5N8 virus had low virulence and was not transmitted via the airborne route in ferrets. (eur.nl)
  • Together with results from infection studies on chicken, duck, mouse, and ferret models, the genetic profiles generated for the H7N9 viruses hint that fairly small genetic changes could potentially lead to a version of the virus capable of human-to-human transmission. (genomeweb.com)
  • Here, we selected three recent novel swine-origin A(H3N2) viruses isolated between 2017 to 2020, bearing HAs from the 1990.1, 2010.1 or 2010.2 clades, and evaluated their ability to cause disease and transmit in a ferret model. (cdc.gov)
  • The altered viruses are contagious between ferrets, which are the lab stand-in for humans. (npr.org)
  • This virus is very unusual in its high virulence for a broad spectrum of animals that occasionally includes humans? (scitizen.com)
  • Through the means of animal testing, we also know that ferrets can catch and spread Covid-19 just as fast as humans. (libsyn.com)
  • One consequence of this is that serial passage can be useful in creating vaccines, since scientists can apply serial passage and create a strain of a pathogen that has low virulence, yet has comparable immunogenicity to the original strain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Subsequently, R6 was selected for the fitness comparison with the F strain in ferrets. (bris.ac.uk)
  • The causative agent of ECE was demonstrated to be a novel ferret coronavirus (FRCoV) belonging to the genus Alphacoronavirus ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The genus Phlebovirus (family Phenuiviridae , order Bunyavirales ) contains virus species covering a wide spectrum of virulence. (sfb1021.de)
  • In this study, two H7N9 split virion vaccines with or without AS03 adjuvant were tested in the naive ferret model. (nature.com)
  • Herein, we investigated the metabolic response during viral shedding and post-shedding in an asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 ferret model (n = 6) challenged with two SARS-CoV-2 isolates. (mdpi.com)
  • A key virulence factor of phleboviruses is the non-structural protein NSs, an inhibitor of the antiviral type I interferon (IFN) system. (sfb1021.de)
  • A key component in the virulence of MERS-CoV is the Spike (S) protein, which binds with the host membrane receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). (frontiersin.org)
  • The S protein is responsible for helping the virus to gain entry to the cell contributing to the overall virulence of these β-CoVs. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our results show that 2 ferret coronaviruses that cause feline infectious peritonitis-like disease and epizootic catarrhal enteritis are enzootic among ferrets in Japan. (cdc.gov)
  • A systemic infection of ferrets closely resembling feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) was subsequently reported among ferrets in the United States and Europe. (cdc.gov)
  • Other cases of ECE and ferret infectious peritonitis have since been described in the United States and in Europe ( 2 - 4 , 6 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, recovery of infectious virus in periocular tissues and swabs from ferrets intranasally inoculated with IAV supports the capacity for fluid exchange between periocular and URT tissues. (cdc.gov)
  • The virulence of the virus may be changed, or a virus could evolve to become adapted to a different host environment than that in which it is typically found. (wikipedia.org)
  • These attempts increased the virulence of the virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Morbillivirus Control of the Interferon Response: Relevance of STAT2 and mda5 but Not STAT1 for Canine Distemper Virus Virulence in Ferrets Journal of Virology , vol. 88 , nº 5. (inrs.ca)
  • We examined virus distribution and associated inflammation within nasal and periocular tissues during the acute phase of H1N1 IAV infection in ferrets following intranasal or ocular inoculation. (cdc.gov)
  • Here, we inoculated ferrets with IAV by either intranasal or ocular routes and performed histopathologic assessments of the URT (nasal passages, sinuses, and soft and hard palates) and periocular tissues (conjunctiva, lacrimal glands, and nasolacrimal ducts) through the acute phase of infection, to more clearly identify the dynamic processes involved in virus spread throughout these tissues. (cdc.gov)
  • The virus has several strains and varies in virulence from mild to fatal, which suggests that the severity will be dependent on the animals' immune system. (thrive4lifepetfood.com)
  • Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is highly pathogenic representative, whereas the Sandfly fever Sicilian virus (SFSV) displays an intermediate level of virulence. (sfb1021.de)
  • Antagonism of STAT1 by Nipah virus P gene products modulates disease course but not lethal outcome in the ferret model. (mssm.edu)
  • Ferrets infected with the F virus showed more severe clinical signs, histopathological lung lesions, and viral quantification when compared to OR R6-infected animals. (bris.ac.uk)
  • Previous studies have identified that ocular exposure to IAV can result in robust infection of the URT of ferrets, albeit with delayed kinetics relative to intranasal inoculation. (cdc.gov)
  • Our recent work focuses on the establishment of preclinical animal models for SARS-CoV-2 in pigs, cats, hamsters and ferrets in order to evaluate the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics. (k-state.edu)
  • Virologist Patrick Laidlaw and his team were working with ferrets to develop a distemper vaccine when the animals caught the flu from Wilson Smith , one of the scientists in the laboratory. (jnj.com)
  • This finding has raised an intriguing question: Does C. jejuni sense, inject and secrete putative virulence factors into host cells? (assignster.com)
  • Ferrets with ECE showed general clinical signs of lethargy, anorexia, and vomiting and had foul-smelling, green mucous-laden diarrhea. (cdc.gov)
  • One case of pathology-confirmed FIP-like disease has been described among domestic ferrets in Japan ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
  • C. jejuni does not possess classical virulence factors observed in bacterial enteropathogens such as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. (assignster.com)
  • The interaction between the virulence factors of the bacteria and host defenses results in tissue damage with characteristic necrosis, thrombosis, and exudation, culminating as pneumonia. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Peak mean weight loss and rise in body temperature were more pronounced in ferrets inoculated by the intranasal route compared with the ocular route. (cdc.gov)
  • Fecal samples were collected during August 2012-July 2013 from 79 ferrets from 10 animal hospitals scattered across 5 prefectures in Japan. (cdc.gov)
  • The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of coronavirus among domestic ferrets seen by veterinarians in various parts of Japan. (cdc.gov)