• The aims of this research work were to determine the patterns of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from the meat of wild or domestically reared pigeons from Spain, to detect the presence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes, and to carry out a phylogenetic classification of the isolates. (mdpi.com)
  • Variation in virulence was examined among isolates of Phytophthora ramorum from epidemiologically important or infectious (non-oak) and transmissive dead-end (oak) hosts from North America. (forestphytophthoras.org)
  • In spite of extreme genetic similarity among the isolates employed, and even within the same genotype, significant differences in lesion size were measured, suggesting virulence in this pathogen is also controlled by epigenetic factors. (forestphytophthoras.org)
  • A quantitative differential in virulence of isolates from hosts with different epidemiological roles has been described for many animal diseases, but is a novel report for a plant disease. (forestphytophthoras.org)
  • Six virulent and three avirulent isolates were characterized in terms of pathogenicity and molecular level using PCR technique with specific primers targeting three-virulence related genes located on the megaplasmid which was involved directly or indirectly in the disease process. (academicjournals.org)
  • Detection anddigestion of the amplification PCR of the three genes by two restriction endonuclease enzymes EcoRI and DraI showed differences between the two forms of R. solanacearum , whereas digested egI gene by the DraI enzyme gave two bands with all virulent isolates, while it gave only one band with the avirulent isolates. (academicjournals.org)
  • Fifty isolates per Armillaria species were chosen to ensure virulence differences due to intraspecies' variation were assessed. (rhs.org.uk)
  • The aim of the study was to evaluate the protein similarity degree among 15 C. albicans isolates with different virulence obtained from healthy and infected human and animals. (scialert.net)
  • Regarding to the virulence and host aspects, the means S D of high virulent and low virulent isolates as well as human and animal isolates were 85.8 and 85.6% in PAGE, respectively. (scialert.net)
  • Such results suggest a highly protein similarity degree among the most isolates with low and high virulence as well as from human and animal hosts. (scialert.net)
  • In this study, we described the use of SDS-PAGE, along with PAGE techniques, to analyze the similarity of the protein profiles of the cytoplasmic extracts and cell walls of different C. albicans isolates obtained from different host conditions (human against animal isolates and patient against healthy subject isolates) with various virulence degrees. (scialert.net)
  • There are significant genetic and antigenic differences between these initial isolates. (iastate.edu)
  • In contrast, 32% (35 of 111) of the dams shed ECO157, with 1.8% (2 of 111) of the shed isolates containing virulence genes. (cdc.gov)
  • nevertheless, such a trait seems to be insufficient to discriminate between different degrees of virulence of field isolates. (ucm.es)
  • The present paper proposes a baseline (minimum required information) for the phenotypic characterization of T. gondii virulence and intends to highlight the needs for consistent methods when a panel of T. gondii isolates is evaluated for virulence. (ucm.es)
  • The aim of this study was to determine differences in the virulence factors of pigmented and non-pigmented P aeruginosa isolates. (uwi.edu)
  • I have also used microarray analyses to compare gene expression in known virulent and attenuated C. albicans clinical isolates, demonstrating that there are few differences under laboratory conditions (Eukaryotic Cell, 2009). (abdn.ac.uk)
  • By examining host responses to different C. albicans clinical isolates, I have demonstrated that low virulence isolates stimulate a lower innate immune response than more virulent isolates and that it is the early host response that determines infection outcome (PLoS One, 2009). (abdn.ac.uk)
  • Within serogroup 1, large differences in prevalence in clinical isolates have been described. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Heterogeneity in virulence has also be studied by comparing the genotype distributions of environmental strains with those of clinical Legionella isolates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using genomotyping to identify virulence markers, a recent study described four markers that could discriminate clinical isolates and environmental strains in a systematic collection of 222 Dutch Legionella strains [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, in our study, E. coli complex, multi-factorial mechanism involv- isolates from diarrhoeal cases were ana- ing a large number of virulence factors that lysed using specific DNA probes for genes vary with pathotype. (who.int)
  • Several features exhibited distinct differences between these isolates and HF-2. (bvsalud.org)
  • Based on the genetic similarity of the isolates and pattern of amino acid variations identified by partial sequencing of the gtfB gene, base-pair changes were identified and correlated with different virulence patterns among the isolates. (bvsalud.org)
  • On the other hand, there were no differences in bands with the two genes hrpB and fliC . (academicjournals.org)
  • The presence of ECO157 and virulence genes was measured in the samples and confirmed via PCR. (cdc.gov)
  • Of the calves, only 1 (0.25%) of 399 individuals shed during the time period, and the ECO157 strain detected carried no measured virulence genes (eaeA, stx1, and stx2). (cdc.gov)
  • The study found that pigment production was significantly associated with multi-drug resistance, presence of virulence-associated genes, and expression of some important virulence factors. (uwi.edu)
  • The next step will be to study the key genes involved in pathogenicity and virulence in this new species aiming to develop detection markers for detection of pathogenic strains through phytosanitary surveys to delineate effective epidemiologic control plans. (cost.eu)
  • Genomic analysis revealed significant differences on the profiles of pathogenicity and virulence genes, which can be determinant in explaining distinct lifestyles and infective behaviour. (cost.eu)
  • In addition, IGS sequencing (e.g., sequencing of intergenic regions between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes) has been used to taxonomy studies, while partial sequencing of the gene gtfB , which encodes the enzyme glucosyltransferase B, has been used to investigate enzymatic activity and virulence 11-12 . (bvsalud.org)
  • 10 However, VGI is an emerging and more abundant molecular type in Asia, Australia, and Europe 11 , and some studies showed obvious differences in virulence among individual VGI strains. (researchsquare.com)
  • In this study, we aimed to answer whether C gattii VGI could be genetically categorized into subgroups, hoping to explain difference in virulence among individual VGI strains. (researchsquare.com)
  • In addition to multi-omics (WGS and RNA-Seq) experiments, we also performed in vitro and in vivo evaluation to characterize the virulence trait of divergent molecular subtypes of C gattii VGI strains. (researchsquare.com)
  • Here we describe the major differences at the genomic level between seven grapevine endophytic test bacteria, and 12 reference strains. (fmach.it)
  • Odds also helped invent an infection model that promoted rapid evaluation of the relative virulence or Candida strains and mutants. (wikipedia.org)
  • The results presented here clearly demonstrate the differences between the two biovar antiqua lineages and support the notion that grouping Y. pestis strains based strictly on the classical definition of biovars (predicated upon two biochemical assays) does not accurately reflect the phylogenetic relationships within this species. (asm.org)
  • A comparison of four virulent Y. pestis strains with the human-avirulent strain 91001 provides further insight into the genetic basis of virulence to humans. (asm.org)
  • Strains of PRRS virus vary markedly in virulence. (iastate.edu)
  • Our results suggest that genetic differences in Legionella strains exist between geographically distinct entities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In these studies, virulence was explored by comparing causative strains derived from immuno-competent and immuno-compromised LD patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Distinct disorder and, therefore, genetic differences can be found in all three group of strains. (usf.edu)
  • Characterization of Virulence-Associated Traits in Mycoplasma penetrans Strains Acting as Likely Etiological Agents of Idiopathic Nongonococcal Urethritis. (bvsalud.org)
  • We conclude that subtle differences among M. penetrans strains may be critical for this organism to establish an infection in an otherwise healthy individual. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces multiple virulence factors that have been implicated in pathogenesis and quorum sensing. (uwi.edu)
  • The outcome of these interactions may lead to healthy plants through beneficial interactions, or to disease through the inducible production of molecules known as virulence factors. (fmach.it)
  • Virulence is the outcome of a complex network of interactions, and drawing the line between pathogens and endophytes has proven to be conflictive, as strain-level differences in niche overlapping, ecological interactions, state of the host's immune system and environmental factors are seldom taken into account. (fmach.it)
  • We describe the virulence factors detected in the genomes of the test group, as compared to endophytic and non-endophytic references, to better understand the distribution of these traits in endophytic genomes. (fmach.it)
  • Furthermore, pathogenicity is determined by virulence factors. (pediaa.com)
  • Especially, virulence is related to the pathogenicity as virulence factors are the major determinants of pathogenicity. (pediaa.com)
  • In bacteria, virulence factors include proteins and other molecules. (pediaa.com)
  • For instance, both immune response inhibitors and toxins are virulence factors. (pediaa.com)
  • Virulence factors determine pathogenicity, while virulence factors are proteins or other molecules. (pediaa.com)
  • Also, it is determined by the virulence factors of the pathogen. (pediaa.com)
  • However, these infected pathogens should have virulence factors in order to become pathogenic. (pediaa.com)
  • We report here that myricetin, but not its glycosylated form, can remarkably decrease the production of several S. aureus virulence factors, including adhesion, biofilm formation, hemolysis and staphyloxanthin production, without interfering with growth. (nature.com)
  • Odds also used Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) to determine the population structure of Candida albicans and other Candida species which allowed for virulence factors to be explored across different phylogenetic groups. (wikipedia.org)
  • These enzymes are considered emerging virulence factors during infection because the host glycan changes. (researchgate.net)
  • Yet research into the factors, whether parasite or host, which control virulence in Human African trypanosomiasis is in its infancy. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Several studies have demonstrated that the colonization and accumulation of Streptococcus mutans is associated with dental caries in humans, since they are influenced by various factors in the oral cavity, such as nutrition and hygiene conditions of the host, salivary components, cleaning power and salivary flow and characteristics related with microbial virulence factors 3 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, the presence of S. mutans in individuals with low caries experiences could be explained by differences in bacterial virulence factors or endogenous factors within the host populations. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, we previously established an ex vivo human whole-blood infection model that allowed us to define which immune cells interact with the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans ( 4 ), to identify cross-talk between different components of the host response ( 5 ), and to detect substantial differences between related fungal pathogens ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • These targets are critical for different biological functions but converge on virulence expression in persistent infections such as the lung infection in patients with cystic fibrosis. (luc.edu)
  • My research has centred on investigating fungal pathogenesis and virulence, focussing mainly on the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans and mouse models of infection. (abdn.ac.uk)
  • Initially, my research focussed on investigating pathogenesis from the fungal perspective, using experimental infection models to assay the contribution of fungal gene products in virulence. (abdn.ac.uk)
  • Nipah Shell Disorder, Modes of Infection, and Virulence" by Gerard Kian-Meng Goh, A. Keith Dunker et al. (usf.edu)
  • For over 50 years it has been known that there are considerable differences in the severity and rate of progression of both Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and T. b. gambiense infection between individuals. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Evidence will be presented for both asymptomatic forms of T. b. gambiense infection and low virulence forms of T. b. rhodesiense infection in humans. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • While in both cases the mechanisms remain to be elucidated, the overall infection virulence phenotype is determined by both parasite and host genotype. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • AU - Sternberg,Jeremy M, AU - Maclean,Lorna, Y1 - 2010/07/21/ PY - 2010/7/29/entrez PY - 2010/7/29/pubmed PY - 2011/2/15/medline SP - 2007 EP - 15 JF - Parasitology JO - Parasitology VL - 137 IS - 14 N2 - For over 50 years it has been known that there are considerable differences in the severity and rate of progression of both Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and T. b. gambiense infection between individuals. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • These data help explain pneumococcal virulence after IAV infection and have important implications for studies of S. pneumoniae pathogenesis. (lu.se)
  • The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted sex differences during infection, with increased hospitalizations and deaths in SARS-CoV-2-infected men as compared to women. (lu.se)
  • Unlike antibacterials that aim to inhibit cell growth, antivirulence therapies are based on the inhibition of bacterial virulence. (nature.com)
  • Pathogenicity and virulence are two types of host-pathogen interactions found in a type of symbiotic relationship called parasitism . (pediaa.com)
  • Meanwhile, virulence is the tendency of a pathogen to cause damage to the host's fitness is related to pathogenicity. (pediaa.com)
  • Pathogenicity and virulence are two types of interactions, which occur between host and pathogens. (pediaa.com)
  • Pathogenicity refers to the absolute ability of an infectious agent to cause disease in a host, while virulence refers to the ability of the pathogen to infect or damage the host. (pediaa.com)
  • Pathogenicity follows virulence, while virulence is in the initial stage of host-pathogen interactions. (pediaa.com)
  • Pathogenicity is a qualitative term, while virulence is a quantitative term. (pediaa.com)
  • The pneumococcus capsule consists of a complex polysaccharide that determines serologic type and contributes to virulence and pathogenicity. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Overall, a variety of approaches including protein engineering, inhibitor design and discovery of super agonistic ligands will be used to exploit the potential of reducing virulence, to bring about novel treatments that overcome antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and to improve the quality of life of patients who suffer from these life-long infections. (luc.edu)
  • A challenge in virology is quantifying relative virulence ( V R ) between two (or more) viruses that exhibit different replication dynamics in a given susceptible host. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Annie Hatmaker, along with a team of researchers including her adviser, Cornelius Vanderbilt Professor of Biological Sciences Antonis Rokas, recently published a study identifying the differences in virulence among Aspergillus species. (vanderbilt.edu)
  • infections in order to identify differences in virulence between Malassezia species. (uu.nl)
  • The links among shell disorder, transmission modes, and virulence suggest mechanisms by which viruses are attenuated as they passed through different cell hosts from different animal species. (usf.edu)
  • Molecular characterization has been normalized to some extent, but this is not the case for the phenotypic characterization and definition of virulence. (ucm.es)
  • As amino acid variations are likely to be correlated with differences in biological risk, molecular characterization, such as that described in this paper, could be the key for assessing the development of dental caries in children. (bvsalud.org)
  • We also observed host-dependent differences for interaction of platelets with C. albicans , showing enhanced platelet aggregation, adhesion and activation in murine blood. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our results reveal substantial differences between murine and human whole-blood models infected with C. albicans and thereby demonstrate limitations in the translatability of this ex vivo model between hosts. (frontiersin.org)
  • Moreover, the virulence bacteria cause diseases in a mechanism, which composes of five steps. (pediaa.com)
  • After that, these virulence bacteria invade host cells by disrupting host cell membranes. (pediaa.com)
  • We currently focus on three protein targets involved in difference aspects of virulence expression in pathogenic bacteria. (luc.edu)
  • Similar transcriptional differences were also observed when actively dispersed bacteria were compared with avirulent planktonic bacteria. (lu.se)
  • However, fungal virulence in soil as determined by excised root bioassays was. (avf.org)
  • Presence of phylloxera nodosities as a source of the wandering insects and the high fungal virulence observed at damaged sites supports this hypothesis. (avf.org)
  • Analysis of virulence related gene expression and computational simulations of pivotal proteins involved in pathogenesis demonstrate that myricetin downregulates the saeR global regulator and interacts with sortase A and α-hemolysin. (nature.com)
  • In this paper we review the clinical evidence for virulence variation and the epidemiological and experimental data that give clues as to the mechanisms involved. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Defining genomic differences between endophytes and plant pathogens is decisive for understanding the boundaries between these two groups. (fmach.it)
  • As described above, virulence occurs while spreading pathogens in their hosts. (pediaa.com)
  • However, the geographical distribution, molecular traits, and virulence difference are poorly characterized in China. (researchsquare.com)
  • This characteristic makes biotype H ideal for comparative proteomics to investigate the basis of biotype virulence in aphids. (usda.gov)
  • Finally, we tested whether aphid genetics can be used to further dissect the genetic mechanisms of biotype virulence in aphids. (usda.gov)
  • Phylloxera collected from two 101-14 Mgt sites were virulent on young feeder roots of a number of strongly resistant rootstocks showing greater virulence than the common ?biotype A? (avf.org)
  • We were pleasantly surprised by the differences in phenotype (i.e., the suite of compounds produced) when changing from room to body temperature," Oberlies said. (vanderbilt.edu)
  • We compared the genotype distribution of EHEC O157 in the cattle reservoir with human EHEC O157 disease incidence internationally to test the hypothesis that EHEC O157 disease incidence is due to differential exposure to genotypes of differing virulence. (usda.gov)
  • Mechanisms of virulence on the aphid side of the plant-insect interaction are not well understood. (usda.gov)
  • In this study, we used comparative proteomics to identify protein expression differences associated with virulence. (usda.gov)
  • This marker encodes for a structural toxin protein RtxA, described for L . pneumophila as a factor involved in virulence and entry in both human cells and amoebae. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 5 Minor differences in CoV S protein structure and function correlates with striking changes in CoV tropism (ability to infect different cell types) and virulence. (ispe.org)
  • Unravelling the role of virulence in endophytes may crucially improve our understanding of host-associated microbial communities and their correlation with host health. (fmach.it)
  • Genome sequencing on C gattii in recent years has become a powerful tool to reveal novel lineages as well as genetic variations that were associated with phenotypes and virulence in different lineages and/or subtypes within the same lineage. (researchsquare.com)
  • Survival in blood can thus be considered a major virulence trait in the development of systemic infections. (frontiersin.org)
  • Nigéria, en décembre 2022 et publie depuis lors des rapports mensuels. (who.int)
  • Virulence is the ability of the pathogen to infect or damage a host. (pediaa.com)
  • These disparities are consistent with differences in virulence, infectivity and/or environmental survival among EHEC O157 genotypes. (usda.gov)
  • The combination of a mixed-genome micro-array and statistical analysis using a Random Forest algorithm has identified virulence markers in a consistent way. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, it has been observed that degrees of virulence might be related to the physiological status of the host and its genetic background. (ucm.es)
  • Finally, candidate subtype specific SNP was also predicted to explain the difference in virulence. (researchsquare.com)
  • Nevertheless, the involved DENV type and the host genetic makeup may explain some differences in clinical manifestations observed, since genetic polymorphisms appear to provide protection or predispose to more severe forms of dengue [ 27 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Sternberg JM, Maclean L. A spectrum of disease in human African trypanosomiasis: the host and parasite genetics of virulence. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • TY - JOUR T1 - A spectrum of disease in human African trypanosomiasis: the host and parasite genetics of virulence. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Host-dependent differences in replication strategy of the Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus strain SSV9 (a.k.a. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The authors conclude that since pigment production is easy to determine, this might be a good starting point to identify the virulence status of an isolate. (uwi.edu)
  • In the process, they've identified telling genetic differences-many of them introduced by viruses-that distinguish the dangerous pathogen from its less virulent relatives. (sciencenews.org)