Virulence across clones. Medical search. Frequent questions

There has been horizontal gene transfer of Staphylococcus chromosome cassette mec (SCCmec) among the staphylococcal species that colonize a similar colonization niche, which eventually results in emergence of new variant with enhanced survival ability in terms of antimicrobial resistance and virulence level in S. aureus. (intechopen.com)
In Nigeria, E. coli is a common cause of bloodstream infections but the identity of circulating clones is largely unknown and surveillance of their antimicrobial resistance has been limited. (medrxiv.org)
The multilocus sequence type, spa type, SCCmec type, presence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants and virulence genes and relatedness between the isolates were all derived from the sequence data. (who.int)

Besides conferring methicillin resistance, the SCCmecIV genes also code for the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) virulence factor. (medscape.com)
Thus, serotype-independent protection with vaccines targeting virulence genes, such as PspA, have been pursued. (jcvi.org)
These findings indicate that in L. monocytogenes, LGI2 has a propensity for certain serotype 4b clones, exhibits content diversity, and is highly promiscuous, suggesting an ability to mobilize various accessory genes into diverse chromosomal loci. (usda.gov)
However, the subsequent appearance of new, diverse virulent isolates means that most of these cloned Sr genes have been overcome by at least one Pgt race within and/or beyond the Ug99 lineage. (nature.com)
This study aimed to assess the nasopharyngeal carriage of S. aureus in poultry and to investigate antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence-associated genes. (hindawi.com)
Isolates of Puccinia triticina collected from common wheat in the Central Asia countries of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan and the Caucasus countries of Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Armenia were tested for virulence to 20 isolines of Thatcher wheat with different leaf rust resistance genes and molecular genotype at 23 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. (apsnet.org)
Virulence plasmids borne by serovars of Salmonella enterica carry genes involved in its pathogenicity, as well as other functions. (springeropen.com)
For example, insertions led to the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes in the virulence plasmid of the serovar Typhimurium, thus making it not only a virulence determinant, but also the source a multi-drug resistance phenotype (Herrero-Fresno et al. (springeropen.com)
However, bacteriophages help to overcome this problem, as larger genes can be transferred by using bacteriophage as a cloning vector. (microbenotes.com)
For this, the upstream regions of the gacA, gacS, ladS, retS, rsmA, rsmZ and PA1611 genes were cloned separately into a miniTn7 vector and inserted into the PAO1 chromosome. (usp.br)
The assessment of virulence (exoS and exoU) and resistance (blaPER-1, blaCTX-M, blaOXA-10, blaGES-1, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaSPM-1, blaKPC, blaNDM and blaSIM) genes were achieved through PCR and biofilm forming capacity was determined using a microtiter plates based-assay, as described previously. (bvsalud.org)
The virulence of this bacterium results from the 32 Y pestis chromosomal genes and two Y pestis -specific plasmids, constituting the only new genetic material acquired since its evolution from its predecessor. (medscape.com)

Virulence of strain B1 was significantly increased by introducing a functional copy of the protease gene on a plasmid. (usda.gov)
This method is fast and very efficient: over 90 % of recovered colonies lacked their virulence plasmid. (springeropen.com)
Different methods were developed to cure bacteria of their virulence plasmids, they involve heat or chemical treatments to exclude the plasmid from the cell. (springeropen.com)
In this paper we describe a new system to cure the virulence plasmid of Salmonella enterica that is based on the λ-Red recombination and I- Sec I meganuclease. (springeropen.com)
But the size of the plasmid is important for cloning purposes. (microbenotes.com)
Ti plasmid is an example of virulence plasmid which is present in Agrobacterium tumefaciens and causes crown gall disease in dicotyledonous plants. (microbenotes.com)
We beforehand recognized Ok2606, a CG23 scientific hypervirulent pressure of Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring a conjugative virulence plasmid. (bioconstructor.com)
The plasmid pSP65 which has cloned the complete HBV sequence, was amplified by transformation of coli (DH5). (bvsalud.org)

Although virulence is typically attributed to single pathogenic strains, here we investigated whether effectors secreted by a population of non-virulent strains could function as public goods to enable the emergence of collective virulence. (nature.com)
The other cloned strains vary in growth rates and virulence. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST)-defined clones could conceivably include strains from multiple PspA clades. (jcvi.org)
All but one of the 70 serotype 4b strains belonged to clonal complex 1 (CC1), CC2, and CC4, three major clones associated with enhanced virulence. (usda.gov)
Strain B1 also has lower virulence on barley than strains that exhibit protease activity. (usda.gov)
We cloned the protease from protease positive strains and functionally complemented the protease deficient strains, restoring visible activity when grown on skim milk agar. (usda.gov)
Additionally, exploring the regulatory differences between CA-MRSA and other MRSA strains may aid our understanding of the increase in virulence observed amongst community-associated isolates. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, we examine the conservation of 135 USA300 TFs amongst 11 other S. aureus strains, identifying a key group of regulators that display a high degree of conservation, including many that have previously been demonstrated to play a role in virulence gene regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Characterization of phenotypes associated with virulence plasmids requires a system for efficiently curing strains of their virulence plasmids. (springeropen.com)
In Chile, although a sustained increase in CR- Kp infections has been observed, few strains have been described at the genomic level, lacking molecular details of their resistance and virulence determinants and the mobile elements mediating their dissemination. (biorxiv.org)
Conjugative virulence plasmids have the potential to trigger extra threatening dissemination of hv-CRKP strains. (bioconstructor.com)
The article reports the findings of a broader study led by Amaral, with 12 co-authors who are researchers and graduate students, on the virulence and drug resistance of E. coli strains associated with urinary tract infections. (fapesp.br)

A 4.4-kb EcoRI fragment, common to both DNA clones, was used to characterize clinical isolates representing all six encapsulated serotypes as well as several capsule-deficient H. influenzae by Southern hybridization analysis. (jci.org)
Several current aspects related to the virulence of S. aureus and CoNS are discussed, including isolates of different origins, phenotypic and genotypic techniques for the detection of these toxins, and the gene regulation mechanism involved in the expression of these toxins. (novapublishers.com)
Electrophoretically generated DNA profiles were digitized and analyzed using Gel Compar software, and isolates with specific DNA profiles were grouped into one of the previously described, or newly identified Canadian epidemic clones (2,8) . (canada.ca)
In order to better understand the virulence mechanisms used by this pathogen, we screened several isolates for production of secreted extracellular enzymes. (usda.gov)
Together, our result indicate that extracellular protease contributes to virulence of Xanthomonas translucens, but that a subset of environmentally occurring isolates share an in-frame deletion rendering the protease non-functional. (usda.gov)
UAB researchers, based on a collection of clinical isolates from several countries, have established a link between the cell-to-cell communication system (the quorum sensing) and the virulence and resistance phenotypes in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. (news-medical.net)
After clone correction within each country, 99 isolates were analyzed for measures of population diversity, variation at single SSR loci, and for genetic differentiation of virulence phenotypes and SSR genotypes. (apsnet.org)
Isolates from Central Asia and the Caucasus were also compared with 16 P. triticina isolates collected from common wheat in North America that were representative of the virulence and molecular variation in this region and two isolates collected from durum wheat in France and the United States. (apsnet.org)
All populations from Central Asia and the Caucasus were significantly differentiated from the North American isolates and isolates from durum wheat for SSR variation and virulence phenotypes. (apsnet.org)
There was a correlation between virulence phenotype and SSR genotype among individual isolates and at the population level. (apsnet.org)
The strain set included isolates from globally disseminated high risk clones including those belonging to ST12 (n=2), ST131 (n=12) and ST648 (n = 4). (medrxiv.org)
In addition, clone A isolates were also biofilm producers. (bvsalud.org)

As virulence determinant production is very tightly regulated in S. aureus , a thorough understanding of its regulatory network is necessary to fully comprehend the pathogenic processes of this bacterium. (biomedcentral.com)
The mutant viruses replicated poorly in the brain of infected mice when inoculated subcutaneously but replicated well following intracranial inoculation, suggesting that the N-linked glycosylation of the E protein is an important determinant of ZIKV virulence and neuroinvasion. (unl.edu)
2012 ). Despite overall differences in composition, some genetic components are conserved, most notably the virulence determinant spv operon which is expressed during infection and codes for SpvB, a toxin that ADP-ribosylates actin of the macrophage cell destabilizing its cytoskeleton (Heithoff et al. (springeropen.com)
Finally, H 2 O 2 -scavenging is not a determinant of Hib virulence in the infant rat model of infection. (biomedcentral.com)

Here, we developed a 3-step protocol for targeted curing of virulence plasmids. (springeropen.com)
In many pathogens, including Salmonella enterica , virulence determinants are often carried on plasmids (rev. (springeropen.com)
These plasmids function as virulence determinants, contributing to pathogenesis of S. enterica , especially during the systemic phase of the disease (Libby et al. (springeropen.com)
These high-risk pathogens have developed mainly by acquiring different mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including plasmids and genomic islands (GIs) encoding an array of virulence and antibiotic resistance factors[ 2 ]. (biorxiv.org)
Hence, the compatibility of the plasmids plays an important role in the selection of cloning vectors. (microbenotes.com)
Virulence plasmids are present in pathogenic bacteria and responsible for causing infection or disease to the host cell. (microbenotes.com)
A major problem of using plasmids as a cloning vector is the size of the gene of interest is small. (microbenotes.com)

What's a SNP between friends: The influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms on virulence and phenotypes of Clostridium difficile strain 630 and derivatives. (cdc.gov)

In the United States, most community-associated methicillin-resistant S aureus (CA-MRSA) infections have been caused by the USA300 epidemic clone. (medscape.com)
The pathogenicity of S. aureus is related to the expression of a large number of virulence factors that promote adhesion and evasion of the host immunologic responses [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
S. aureus has a vast array of virulence determinants whose expression is modulated by an intricate regulatory network, where transcriptional factors (TFs) are the primary elements. (biomedcentral.com)
Evolution and dissemination of SCCmec structure resulted in the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) clones around the world covering hospital, community, and livestock settings. (intechopen.com)
La sensibilité de Staphylococcus aureus à l'oxacilline a diminué significativement, passant de 95,0 % entre 1999 et 2002 à 84,4 % en 2008. (who.int)
The MRSA burden can be partially attributed to pathogen-specific characteristics of the circulating clones, but little was known about the S. aureus clones circulating in the Philippines. (who.int)
Prevalence of Major Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clones in Korea Between 2001 and 2008. (who.int)

This organism produces a diverse array of virulence factors, including toxins, adhesins, colonization and biofilm factors. (biomedcentral.com)

The pneumococcus capsule consists of a complex polysaccharide that determines serologic type and contributes to virulence and pathogenicity. (msdmanuals.com)

Maiden MC , Bygraves JA , Feil E , Morelli G , Russell JE , Urwin R , Multilocus sequence typing: a portable approach to the identification of clones within populations of pathogenic microorganisms. (cdc.gov)
Using a well-characterized rat model of H. influenzae systemic infection, we showed that type b transformants elicited by the cloned DNA were pathogenic, causing bacteremia and meningitis, whereas the untransformed capsule-deficient H. influenzae organisms were not. (jci.org)
These studies provide a basis for pursuing the molecular analysis of the epidemiology and virulence of pathogenic H. influenzae. (jci.org)
Recombinant MR766 (rMR) virus recovered from the full-length cDNA clone mimicked growth and pathogenic properties of the parental virus both in vitro and in vivo. (unl.edu)

In the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, arsenic resistance is encountered primarily in serotype 4b clones considered to have enhanced virulence and is associated with an arsenic resistance gene cluster within a 35-kb chromosomal region, Listeria genomic island 2 (LGI2). (usda.gov)
These results provide baseline knowledge for the detailed understanding of molecular and genetic determinants behind antibiotic resistance and virulence of K. pneumoniae in Chile and South America. (biorxiv.org)
Amaral is first author of an article published in the journal Pathogens on the virulence of these bacteria and their resistance to antibiotics in hospitalized patients. (fapesp.br)
and ST2237, classified in the different clones, displaying carbapenem resistance and exoU virulence gene. (bvsalud.org)
We showed independent acquisition of resistance to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim in various locations and genetic clones but mostly in paediatric patients with invasive infections. (who.int)

Several types of Xoo virulence factors have been identified, including proteins associated with exopolysaccharide (EPS) production and motility, outer membrane (OM) proteins and TonB-dependent receptors, hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (Hrp) proteins, and type III (T3) effectors [ 2 ]. (researchsquare.com)
It is quite resistant to antimicrobials and has several virulence factors that contribute to its high pathogenicity. (usp.br)
In order to establish the course of infection, virulence and pathogenicity, a Paraguayan Trypanosoma cruzi strain isolated from a 12 year old patient in 1989, Balb/c mice were inoculated, and the number of parasites were determined by direct parasitemia (micromethod). (bvsalud.org)

km, a chaperone knockout strain exhibiting a reduced-virulence phenotype. (actahort.org)
Five of the 12 dspF mutants failed to complement the virulence phenotype of the dspF knockout. (actahort.org)

First, a full-length functional ZIKV cDNA clone was engineered as a bacterial artificial chromosome, with each reporter gene under the cap-independent translational control of a cardiovirus-derived internal ribosome entry site inserted downstream of the single open reading frame of the viral genome. (mdpi.com)
In this study, a gene encoding for an rpoS -like sigma factor, rpoX , has been cloned and characterized. (hindawi.com)
A second gene-specific primer was designed and used in 5ʹ RACE PCR to clone the 5՛ region. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Given the high number of virulence factors present in these bacteria, and the niche-specific role many of them play during different stages of the infectious process, gene expression must be finely tuned in order to efficiently coordinate their expression, and also continue to preserve energy pools. (biomedcentral.com)
However, Haemophilus influenzae type b strain Eagan (Hib), a causative agent of bacterial sepsis and meningitis in young children, disrupted in its hktE gene is not attenuated in virulence, and retains the ability to rapidly scavenge H 2 O 2 . (biomedcentral.com)
three belonging to clone A and five carrying the exoU virulence gene. (bvsalud.org)

The work package focusing on molecular studies generated new evidence about the changes effected by antibiotic therapy on commensal organisms or opportunistic pathogens in the oropharyngeal, nasal and gastro-intestinal flora and study AMR mechanisms and the dissemination of successful clones of fluoroquinolone-resistant, carbapenem-resistant or extended-spectrum beta-lactamase harboring Gram-negative bacteria, MRSA and fluoroquinolone-resistant viridans streptococci. (europa.eu)
MRSA currently represent a serious threat to public health worldwide due to the rapid dissemination and diversification of pandemic clones. (novapublishers.com)
The CC30 genomes were related to the South-West Pacific clone but formed a distinct, diverse lineage, with evidence of global dissemination. (who.int)

Each coisogenic strain was individually unfit, but the metaclone was collectively as virulent as the wild-type strain on Arabidopsis thaliana , suggesting that effectors can drive the emergence of cooperation-based virulence through their public action. (nature.com)
Amastigotes were obtained from the high- and low-virulent clones of the Talahuen strain and fron the G-1 strain. (bvsalud.org)

This method can be applied to testing other pathogens and their mutants, as well as virulence infect in mice. (jove.com)

An important factor of bacterial virulence is the formation of biofilms which are aggregates of microorganisms incorporated into an extracellular matrix that protects bacteria from hostile environments. (usp.br)

The key to the organism's virulence is the phenomenon of "blockage," which aids the transmission of bacteria by fleas. (medscape.com)

The epidemiology of MRSA infections is discussed highlights the importance of understanding why specific clones predominated in different regions in order to develop more effective control strategies and to choose more appropriate antimicrobial therapy. (novapublishers.com)

Fig. 1: Metaclones of P. syringae facilitate the emergence of population virulence. (nature.com)
Recent independent emergence of multiple multidrug-resistant Serratia marcescens clones within the United Kingdom and Ireland. (cdc.gov)

This protocol is significant for creating and determining mind-body desired mutations in the genome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as the testing the effect of mutations on virulence reduction in a reproducible mouse model. (jove.com)

To address the changes in the viral genome that may have led to increased virulence of the virus, I constructed an infectious cDNA clone for the historical ZIKV isolate MR766. (unl.edu)

Subsequent cloning and sequencing of gcsap fragments obtained from PCR with genomic DNA revealed a 73 bp intron beginning at nt 728. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Moreover, we characterized a variety of genomic islands carrying virulence and fitness factors. (biorxiv.org)
Genomic surveillance is valuable for tracking these and other clones and for outbreak identification. (medrxiv.org)

The MRSA population in the Philippines comprised a limited number of genetic clones, including several international epidemic clones, such as CC30-spa-t019-SCCmec-IV-PVL+, CC5-SCCmec-typeIV and ST239-spa-t030-SCCmec-typeIII. (who.int)

Molecular cloning of DNA was used to investigate the expression of type b capsule and its association with H. influenzae virulence. (jci.org)
Organización molecular del complejo II y su rol en la anaerobiosis. (bvsalud.org)

The vectors are generally characterized by three factors such as the origin of replication, multi cloning site, and a selective marker. (microbenotes.com)

Is the Subject Area "Virulence factors" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
The book also focuses on the identification of CoNS, virulence factors responsible for the symptoms and severity of infections caused by Staphylococcus spp. (novapublishers.com)
Escherichia coli bloodstream infections are typically attributed to a limited number of lineages that carry virulence factors associated with invasion and, in recent years, invasive E. coli are increasingly multiply antimicrobial resistant. (medrxiv.org)
Most of this regulation is carried out directly by transcription factors that modulate the activity of promoters aimed at expressing virulence factors. (usp.br)

Compared to current models, procedures with reproducibility plus clone validation before and after infection can benefit other investigators in the field. (jove.com)
To study the role of PGdx in virulence and to assess the requirement of H 2 O 2 -scavenging during the course of infection, both a pgdx single mutant and a pgdx / hktE double mutant of Hib were assayed for virulence in an infant rat model. (biomedcentral.com)

Title : Wide Distribution of a High-Virulence Borrelia burgdorferi Clone in Europe and North America Personal Author(s) : Qiu, Wei-Gang;Bruno, John F.;McCaig, William D.;Xu, Yun;Livey, Ian;Schriefer, Martin E.;Luft, Benjamin J. (cdc.gov)

The fragments were cloned and some clones were size-selectd and sequenced. (bvsalud.org)

Cloning of chromosomal DNA from Haemophilus influenzae. (jci.org)

Virulence varies somewhat within serologic types because of genetic diversity. (msdmanuals.com)

already, two genomes have been completely cloned and at least five others will be cloned by the end of 2002. (who.int)

While it is difficult to study P. chabaudi in its natural host given the difficulty of taming the thicket rat, it has been studied extensively in laboratory mice, largely using the clone P. chabaudi chabaudi (AS). (wikipedia.org)

Its use for studying the expression of type b capsule and virulence. (jci.org)

Then something new happened in the early 2000s, because new clones again emerged this time in livestock. (cdc.gov)

These results demonstrated that DspF residues L32, E39, E44, H55 and F78 are important for virulence, and yeast-two-hybrid experiments showed that DspF residues E39, E44 and H55 are required for binding to DspE. (actahort.org)

Multiple major disease-associated clones of Legionella pneumophila have emerged recently and independently. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy19

Organisms66

Diseases25

Chemicals and Drugs52

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes69

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science4

Health Care2

Antimicrobial Resistance3

Genes12

Plasmid8

Strains12

Isolates12

Determinant4

Plasmids7

Phenotypes1

Aureus7

Array of virulence1

Contributes to virulence1

Pathogenic4

Resistance5

Pathogenicity3

Phenotype2

Gene6

Dissemination3

Virulent2

Pathogens1

Bacterial1

Bacteria1

Epidemiology1

Emergence2

Pseudomonas1

ZIKV1

Genomic3

Epidemic1

Molecular2

Vectors1

Factors4

Infection2

North America1

Fragments1

Haemophilus1

Genetic diversity1

Genomes1

Largely1

Type1

Livestock1

Results1

Major1