Called virulence factorsGenesFactorsStrainsDifferences in virulence amongPathogenicityIsolatesInfectionAnti-virulence activityDeterminantsMutantsVirulentPathogenicInfectionsAspergillusSpeciesInfectInhibitionCharacteristicsImmunePseudomonasEpidemiologicalEvolutionExhibitGeneticsMolecularHumansMechanismRefersPathogensExpressionVirusesRoleHostVirusSpecificHigh
Called virulence factors1
- The ability of bacteria to cause disease is described in terms of the number of infecting bacteria, the route of entry into the body, the effects of host defense mechanisms, and intrinsic characteristics of the bacteria called virulence factors. (wikipedia.org)
Genes8
- Besides conferring methicillin resistance, the SCCmecIV genes also code for the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) virulence factor. (medscape.com)
- Inactivation of 10 of the 19 A. fumigatus genes caused defects in virulence. (frontiersin.org)
- All of the virulence-associated genes are transcriptionally upregulated during iron starvation and encode functions that are important for survival during iron starvation, which emphasizes the crucial role of adaptation to iron starvation in virulence. (frontiersin.org)
- Simultaneous identification of bacterial virulence genes by negative selection. (semanticscholar.org)
- Using this method, we have defined a complex set of interactions between virulence genes in this pathogen, and find that the products of unlinked genes associate to form multisubunit transporters that are required for bacterial survival in the host. (harvard.edu)
- Six virulent and three avirulent isolates were characterized in terms of pathogenicity and molecular level using PCR technique with specific primers targeting three-virulence related genes located on the megaplasmid which was involved directly or indirectly in the disease process. (academicjournals.org)
- In this study, we investigated the distribution of virulence genes, enterotoxin and biofilm formation among EAEC strains isolated from stools of children with diarrhea referred to three hospitals in south east Iran. (magiran.com)
- Genes encoding virulence factors in Acinetobacter sp. (hmi-us.com)
Factors26
- The pathogenicity of an organism-its ability to cause disease-is determined by its virulence factors. (wikipedia.org)
- Many virulence factors are so-called effector proteins that are injected into the host cells by specialized secretion apparati, such as the type three secretion system. (wikipedia.org)
- The virulence factors of bacteria are typically proteins or other molecules that are synthesized by enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
- Therefore, strategies to combat certain bacterial infections by targeting these specific virulence factors and mobile genetic elements have been proposed. (wikipedia.org)
- These virulence factors allow the bacteria to enter host cells and facilitate entry into the body across epithelial tissue layers at the body surface. (wikipedia.org)
- Immune response inhibitors Many bacteria produce virulence factors that inhibit the host's immune system defenses. (wikipedia.org)
- Toxins Many virulence factors are proteins made by bacteria that poison host cells and cause tissue damage. (wikipedia.org)
- Virus virulence factors allow it to replicate, modify host defenses, and spread within the host, and they are toxic to the host. (wikipedia.org)
- Some viral virulence factors confer ability to replicate during the defensive inflammation responses of the host such as during virus-induced fever. (wikipedia.org)
- Bacteria have evolved multiple strategies for causing infections that include producing virulence factors, undertaking motility, developing biofilms and invading host cells. (nature.com)
- N -acylhomoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated quorum sensing (QS) tightly regulates the expression of multiple virulence factors in the opportunistic pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa . (nature.com)
- This subdictionary is one of several MiniCOPE Dictionaries within COPE and now merges the contents of the previous Virulence Factors Dictionary and the contents of the Dictionary of Modulins . (copewithcytokines.de)
- cag, a pathogenicity island of Helicobacter pylori, encodes type I-specific and disease-associated virulence factors. (semanticscholar.org)
- The book also focuses on the identification of CoNS, virulence factors responsible for the symptoms and severity of infections caused by Staphylococcus spp. (novapublishers.com)
- These enzymes are considered emerging virulence factors during infection because the host glycan changes. (researchgate.net)
- Yet research into the factors, whether parasite or host, which control virulence in Human African trypanosomiasis is in its infancy. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Overall, except for pCVD432 and aggR, we detected high heterogeneity of virulence factors among EAEC isolates causing diarrhea in children. (magiran.com)
- The outcome of infection in humans can depend on a number of factors including the infecting stage of the parasite, inoculating dose and virulence of the infecting strain. (gla.ac.uk)
- The ROP protein allelic profile of the virulent Caribbean and Brazilian isolates differed indicating that perhaps other factors are involved in predicting virulence. (gla.ac.uk)
- We show that SylA irreversibly inhibits all three catalytic activities of eukaryotic proteasomes, thus adding proteasome inhibition to the repertoire of modes of action of virulence factors. (cipsm.de)
- It is concluded that several Bacillus species occurring occasionally in clinical specimens and food samples are of potential medical significance due to the expression of putative virulence factors. (strath.ac.uk)
- is related to a combination of factors contributing to their virulence, such as their ability to grow at 37 °C, their phenotypic variability (switching), their transition from budding-to-hyphae or pseudo-hyphae and biofilm formation. (biomedcentral.com)
- Targeting bacterial virulence factors is a wise option, as it can mitigate the pathogenicity of bacteria without eradicating them. (qxmd.com)
- The pathogenicity of C. albicans is mainly due to its virulence factors, which are the novel targets of antifungal drugs for low risk of resistance development. (qxmd.com)
- Here, live respiratory epithelial cells were inoculated with broth-grown or biofilm bacteria of different M-types, as well as with isogenic mutants lacking common virulence factors. (lu.se)
- Many streptococci elaborate virulence factors, including streptolysins, DNAases, and hyaluronidase , which contribute to tissue destruction and spread of infection. (msdmanuals.com)
Strains8
- The virulence of various strains of Helicobacter pylori tends to correlate with the level of production of urease. (wikipedia.org)
- The results consistently showed that strains unable to metabolize proline exhibit significantly reduced virulence properties and a clearly diminished capacity to undergo morphological transitions. (sciencedaily.com)
- Pathogen strains may differ in virulence because they attain different loads in their hosts, or because they induce different disease-causing mechanisms independent of their load. (biorxiv.org)
- The aim of this study was to compare the virulence of T. gondii strains isolated in the Caribbean to a virulent Brazilian strain and an avirulent European strain. (gla.ac.uk)
- Plasmid-cured strains of E. amylovora exhibit reduced virulence, delayed symptom expression and altered exopolysaccharide (EPS) production on minimal medium with out thiamin (MM-T). EPS in E. amylovora is composed of two separate fractions, amylovoran (a pathogenicity factor) and levan (a virulence factor), and we have established a link between carriage of pEA29 and elevated expression of the amylovoran biosynthetic operon ( ams ) during immature pear fruit infection. (ishs.org)
- 10 However, VGI is an emerging and more abundant molecular type in Asia, Australia, and Europe 11 , and some studies showed obvious differences in virulence among individual VGI strains. (researchsquare.com)
- In this study, we aimed to answer whether C gattii VGI could be genetically categorized into subgroups, hoping to explain difference in virulence among individual VGI strains. (researchsquare.com)
- In addition to multi-omics (WGS and RNA-Seq) experiments, we also performed in vitro and in vivo evaluation to characterize the virulence trait of divergent molecular subtypes of C gattii VGI strains. (researchsquare.com)
Differences in virulence among1
- Annie Hatmaker, along with a team of researchers including her adviser, Cornelius Vanderbilt Professor of Biological Sciences Antonis Rokas, recently published a study identifying the differences in virulence among Aspergillus species. (vanderbilt.edu)
Pathogenicity2
- Using viral load and CD4+ T cell measures from 2014 HIV-1 subtype B infected individuals enrolled in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, we investigated if virulence - measured as the rate of decline of CD4+ T cells - and per-parasite pathogenicity are heritable from donor to recipient. (biorxiv.org)
- Our previous studies recognized peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PrsA) as a critical virulence factor promoting SS2 pathogenicity. (qxmd.com)
Isolates8
- Several current aspects related to the virulence of S. aureus and CoNS are discussed, including isolates of different origins, phenotypic and genotypic techniques for the detection of these toxins, and the gene regulation mechanism involved in the expression of these toxins. (novapublishers.com)
- The aim of the study was to evaluate the protein similarity degree among 15 C. albicans isolates with different virulence obtained from healthy and infected human and animals. (scialert.net)
- Regarding to the virulence and host aspects, the means S D of high virulent and low virulent isolates as well as human and animal isolates were 85.8 and 85.6% in PAGE, respectively. (scialert.net)
- Such results suggest a highly protein similarity degree among the most isolates with low and high virulence as well as from human and animal hosts. (scialert.net)
- In this study, we described the use of SDS-PAGE, along with PAGE techniques, to analyze the similarity of the protein profiles of the cytoplasmic extracts and cell walls of different C. albicans isolates obtained from different host conditions (human against animal isolates and patient against healthy subject isolates) with various virulence degrees. (scialert.net)
- DNA was extracted from tachyzoites of each of the 8 T. gondii isolates and genotyped at four ROP gene loci, including ROP5, ROP16, ROP17 and ROP18 to look for association with markers of virulence. (gla.ac.uk)
- Caribbean isolates of intermediate virulence (ToxoDB #141 and #265) all had the same ROP18/ROP5 allelic profile (2/2). (gla.ac.uk)
- Putative virulence factor expression by clinical and food isolates of Bacillus spp. (strath.ac.uk)
Infection7
- cerPAC reduced the production of QS-regulated virulence determinants and protected D. melanogaster from fatal infection by P. aeruginosa PA14. (nature.com)
- Evidence will be presented for both asymptomatic forms of T. b. gambiense infection and low virulence forms of T. b. rhodesiense infection in humans. (unboundmedicine.com)
- While in both cases the mechanisms remain to be elucidated, the overall infection virulence phenotype is determined by both parasite and host genotype. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Things can always change in the wild world of viruses, but currently, more than one hospital is reporting that the COVID-19 virus is "declining both in virulence and infection rate. (investmentwatchblog.com)
- The University of Pittsburg Medical Center echoed the sentiment of the doctors in Italy, announcing that COVID19 "appears to be declining both in virulence and infection rate. (investmentwatchblog.com)
- The virulence defect of the mutants could not be rescued by addition of supernatant from an infection of INT-407 cells with SL1344 or addition of media conditioned by uninfected INT 407 cells. (bham.ac.uk)
- Nipah Shell Disorder, Modes of Infection, and Virulence" by Gerard Kian-Meng Goh, A. Keith Dunker et al. (usf.edu)
Anti-virulence activity2
- In this study, we demonstrate an anti-virulence activity of a cranberry extract rich in proanthocyanidins (cerPAC) against P. aeruginosa in the model host Drosophila melanogaster and show this is mediated by QS interference. (nature.com)
- In this study, we identified a maleimide compound [1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1hydro-pyrrole-2,5-dione, MPD] that exerts effective anti-virulence activity. (qxmd.com)
Determinants2
- Role of serotype and virulence determinants of Streptococcus pyogenes biofilm bacteria in internalization and persistence in epithelial cells in vitro. (lu.se)
- Dive into the research topics of 'Role of serotype and virulence determinants of Streptococcus pyogenes biofilm bacteria in internalization and persistence in epithelial cells in vitro. (lu.se)
Mutants3
- However, addition of media conditioned by overnight growth of SL1344 was able to ameliorate the virulence defect of the mutants. (bham.ac.uk)
- This suggests that AcrAB-TolC of SL1344 exports a factor/s required for virulence which the mutants are unable to export and that exogenous addition of this factor can restore the virulent phenotype. (bham.ac.uk)
- This method can be applied to testing other pathogens and their mutants, as well as virulence infect in mice. (jove.com)
Virulent3
- The noun virulence derives from the adjective virulent, meaning disease severity. (wikipedia.org)
- Virulence can be understood in terms of proximate causes-those specific traits of the pathogen that help make the host ill-and ultimate causes-the evolutionary pressures that lead to virulent traits occurring in a pathogen strain. (wikipedia.org)
- Here we identify SylA as a virulence factor because a SylA-negative mutant in Pss strain B728a obtained by gene disruption was markedly less virulent on its host, Phaseolus vulgaris (bean). (cipsm.de)
Pathogenic2
Infections3
- These findings provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of action of a cerPAC to restrict the virulence of P. aeruginosa and can have implications in the development of alternative approaches to control infections. (nature.com)
- Over the last decade, research on antimicrobials has shifted towards an alternative approach to combat pathogens using anti-infective drugs that selectively interrupt virulence pathways to help prevent or cure bacterial infections. (nature.com)
- Lancefield groups K through V are streptococcal species of limited virulence that can cause infections in people who are immunocompromised. (msdmanuals.com)
Aspergillus1
- This review summarizes the current knowledge on iron homeostasis and its role in virulence in Aspergillus spp. (frontiersin.org)
Species3
- Abstract - The species composition and virulence of fungi associated with Tomicus piniperda were studied at eight locations in Poland. (afs-journal.org)
- The virulence of the most common ophiostomatoid species was evaluated through inoculations using two-year-old Scots pine seedlings. (afs-journal.org)
- The links among shell disorder, transmission modes, and virulence suggest mechanisms by which viruses are attenuated as they passed through different cell hosts from different animal species. (usf.edu)
Infect1
- In the specific context of gene for gene systems, often in plants, virulence refers to a pathogen's ability to infect a resistant host. (wikipedia.org)
Inhibition1
- Sortase A (SrtA), which is critical for bacterial adhesion, invasion, and immune evasion, is a promising target for virulence inhibition in S. aureu s. (qxmd.com)
Characteristics2
- We provide substances that instead of merely eradicating all fungal cells block their virulence characteristics, and thereby prevent harm to the patient. (ubi.se)
- Virulence and transmission characteristics of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N6 subtype avian influenza viruses possessing different internal gene constellations. (qxmd.com)
Immune1
- Duality of immune recognition by tomato and virulence activity of the Ralstonia solanacearum exo-polygalacturonase PehC. (bvsalud.org)
Pseudomonas1
- This protocol is significant for creating and determining mind-body desired mutations in the genome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as the testing the effect of mutations on virulence reduction in a reproducible mouse model. (jove.com)
Epidemiological1
- In this paper we review the clinical evidence for virulence variation and the epidemiological and experimental data that give clues as to the mechanisms involved. (unboundmedicine.com)
Evolution2
- Could The Human Papillomavirus Vaccines Drive Virulence Evolution? (uwaterloo.ca)
- The evolution and maintenance of virulence in microparasites. (cdc.gov)
Exhibit1
- A challenge in virology is quantifying relative virulence ( V R ) between two (or more) viruses that exhibit different replication dynamics in a given susceptible host. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Genetics2
- Sternberg JM, Maclean L. A spectrum of disease in human African trypanosomiasis: the host and parasite genetics of virulence. (unboundmedicine.com)
- TY - JOUR T1 - A spectrum of disease in human African trypanosomiasis: the host and parasite genetics of virulence. (unboundmedicine.com)
Molecular2
- Molecular cloning of DNA was used to investigate the expression of type b capsule and its association with H. influenzae virulence. (jci.org)
- However, the geographical distribution, molecular traits, and virulence difference are poorly characterized in China. (researchsquare.com)
Humans2
- This virus is very unusual in its high virulence for a broad spectrum of animals that occasionally includes humans? (scitizen.com)
- Understanding virulence is important for predicting disease outcome in humans and may also aid vaccine design as well as drug discovery. (gla.ac.uk)
Mechanism1
- Here, we present and theoretically validate a mechanism by which the vaccine alters the transmission-recovery trade-off that constrains HPV's virulence such that higher oncogene expression is favoured. (uwaterloo.ca)
Refers2
- In most, especially in animal systems, virulence refers to the degree of damage caused by a microbe to its host. (wikipedia.org)
- Virulence refers to the relative ability of a microorganism to cause disease. (nature.com)
Pathogens1
- Our findings demonstrate the specialized and dual functions of Ralstonia PehC, which enhance virulence by degrading DAMPs to evade DTI and produce nutrients , a strategy used by pathogens to attenuate plant immunity . (bvsalud.org)
Expression1
- Its use for studying the expression of type b capsule and virulence. (jci.org)
Viruses1
- Plant viruses have evolved various virulence strategies to overcome plant immunity. (nature.com)
Role1
- Deficiency in HapX, but not SreA, attenuates virulence of A. fumigatus in a murine model of aspergillosis, which underlines the crucial role of adaptation to iron limitation in virulence. (frontiersin.org)
Host3
- Virulence is a pathogen's or microorganism's ability to cause damage to a host. (wikipedia.org)
- From an ecological standpoint, virulence is the loss of fitness induced by a parasite upon its host. (wikipedia.org)
- Several evolutionary processes influence virulence, the amount of damage a parasite causes to its host. (semanticscholar.org)
Virus1
- Usado con microorganismos, virus y parásitos para estudios sobre su capacidad para causar enfermedades en el hombre, animales o plantas. (bvsalud.org)
Specific2
- Finally, candidate subtype specific SNP was also predicted to explain the difference in virulence. (researchsquare.com)
- Quantifying V R using canonical parameters, like maximum specific growth rate ( μ max ), can fail to provide reliable information regarding virulence. (microbiologyresearch.org)
High1
- In addition, a candidate virulence SNP on SOD2 in VGIa was initially identified by comparing high-quality de novo reference genome. (researchsquare.com)