Virtually all epithelial cell mammal clone cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

In particular, the invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of embryonic stem cells into muscle cells or vascular endothelial cells. (justia.com)
Therefore there remains a need for providing effective methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells into specific cell types, such as myocytes or endothelial cells. (justia.com)
BACKGROUND: In endothelial cells, phospholipase C (PLC) ß1-activated Ca2+ is a crucial second messenger for the signaling pathways governing angiogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
Angiogenic activities of GSLs in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were evaluated. (bvsalud.org)
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the fucose residue in GHCer dictated the glycan conformation for its complexing with TRAX to release TRAX-sequestered PLCß1, leading to Ca2+ mobilization in endothelial cells and enhancing angiogenesis in tumor microenvironments. (bvsalud.org)
Podoplanin (PDPN), a 36-kDa type I transmembrane O-glycoprotein, is expressed in normal cells, including renal epithelial cells (podocytes), lymphatic endothelial cells, and pulmonary type I alveolar cells, and in cancer cells, including brain tumors and squamous cell lung carcinomas. (bvsalud.org)

FPR1 is prominently expressed by mammalian phagocytic and blood leukocyte cells where it functions to mediate these cells' responses to the N-formylmethionine-containing oligopeptides which are released by invading microorganisms and injured tissues. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, embryonic stem cells may be modified by homologous recombination for use in producing chimeric or transgenic mammalian hosts, which may be used as source of universal donor organs. (justia.com)
The protective mechanism which protects the host from disease, as a result of invasion of viruses, bacteria, or other pathogens, is also able to recognize cells which come from a different mammalian host, even an allogeneic host. (justia.com)
and virtually all mammalian cells possess a specific TGF receptor. (caslab.com)
TGF beta 2 is produced by many cell types and has been found at the highest concentration in porcine platelets and mammalian bone. (caslab.com)
However, the impact of silencing as a mammalian antiviral defense mechanism and the ability of mammalian viruses to suppress silencing in natural host cells have remained controversial. (moam.info)
Some examples include the specialized hair cells of the mammalian cochlea, that display a spectacularly polarized organization of kinocilia and stereocilia on their apical surfaces, the dynamic ciliated cells of the tracheal and reproductive tract epithelia, and cells in the gastrulating vertebrate embryo that display polarized migration and intercalation behaviors. (stanford.edu)

The diaphragm divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals through a partition of skeletal muscle and connective tissue. (microscopyu.com)
We also demonstrate that the transcriptional regulator PRDM16 (PRD1-BF1-RIZ1 homologous domain containing 16) controls a bidirectional cell fate switch between skeletal myoblasts and brown fat cells. (bioseek.eu)

A wide variety of hematopoietic cells exist, with the major protective lineages being lymphoid and myeloid. (justia.com)
In other cases, where certain cells are lacking, such as islets of Langerhans in the case of diabetes, or cells which secrete dopamine in the case of Parkinson's disease, or bone marrow cells in various hematopoietic diseases, or muscle cells in muscle wasting disease, or retinal epithelial cells in visual disorders, it would be desirable to be able to provide cells which could fulfill the desired function. (justia.com)

In mammals, nephrectomy is the treatment of choice for unilateral renal tumors. (duckdvm.com)
Expression of FUTs is upregulated in renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, and prostate cancer. (bvsalud.org)

Non-muscle cell contractility is critical for tissues to adopt shape changes. (elifesciences.org)
Mechanochemical Principles of Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Cells and Tissues. (mpi-cbg.de)
Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)
The epidemic of obesity, closely associated with increases in diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cancer and other disorders, has propelled a major interest in adipose cells and tissues. (bioseek.eu)
Adipose tissues contain two distinct types of fat cells, white and brown. (bioseek.eu)
This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. (lookformedical.com)
In each case, PCP is critical to the function of these cells and tissues, and errors in the signaling system controlling PCP lead to human diseases and developmental defects, including congenital deafness, neural tube closure defects and cardiac outflow tract anomalies. (stanford.edu)

Conversely, ectopic expression of PRDM16 in myoblasts induces their differentiation into brown fat cells. (bioseek.eu)
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is the prototypic member of the alphaherpesvirus subfamily, which induces lytic infections in epithelial cells of its native host (47, 65). (moam.info)

The present invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells. (justia.com)
The process of differentiation in stem cells involves selective development of immature cells to committed and fully mature cells of various lineages. (justia.com)
Differentiation of stem cells is known be triggered by various growth factors and regulatory molecules. (justia.com)
During differentiation the expression of stem cell specific genes and markers are often lost and cells acquire gene expression profiles of somatic cells or their precursors. (justia.com)
Whilst differentiation of some lineage specific stem cells can be induced with a degree of certainty, a differentiation outcome of a population of pluripotent stem cells is less predictable. (justia.com)
Placing the cells under conditions which induce specific cell types has been one form of an attempt to regulate the differentiation outcome. (justia.com)
These conditions include growing the cells to high or low density, changing media, introducing or removing cytokines, hormones and growth factors, creating an environment which suits differentiation toward a specific cell type, such as providing a suitable substrate. (justia.com)
Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
The induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation in stem cells is especially useful in developing therapeutic methods and products for heart disease and abnormal heart conditions. (justia.com)
However, the molecular pathways that lead to specification and terminal differentiation of specific cell types, such as myocytes, from embryonic stem cells during development are not entirely clear. (justia.com)
culturing a stem cell in the presence of an embryonic cell and/or extracellular medium of an embryonic cell, under conditions that induce differentiation of the stem cell. (justia.com)
capable of influencing cell proliferation, differentiation and other functions in a wide range of cell types. (caslab.com)
Mounting evidence also suggests a role for p53 in differentiation of cells including neuronal precursors. (biomedcentral.com)
We studied the transcriptional role of p53 during nerve growth factor-induced differentiation of the PC12 line into neuron-like cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The data show p53 protein was transcriptionally activated and contributed to NGF-mediated neurite outgrowth during differentiation of PC12 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
p53 transcriptional activity may be further involved in the differentiation of other non-neuronal cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
This process of regional specification occurs through a cascade of cell fate decisions, in which broad regional specification is followed by differentiation of increasingly smaller domains. (biologists.com)

When the host lacks the ability to raise a defense against a particular disease, there may also be an interest in administering specific T-cells or B-cells or precursors thereof which may supplement the host's compromised immune system. (justia.com)
Here we show by in vivo fate mapping that brown, but not white, fat cells arise from precursors that express Myf5, a gene previously thought to be expressed only in the myogenic lineage. (bioseek.eu)

This review summarizes evidence for the role of proteolytic enzymes that degrade and inactivate insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) during follicular development in mammals. (bioone.org)
Increases in the amount of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells during follicular development occurs in some but not all species, indicating that other proteases or protease inhibitors may be involved in IGFBP degradation. (bioone.org)

A. Oncogenes in Phylogeny Neoplasia is not limited to human beings, or to mammals, but develops in all taxonomic groups of recent Eumetazoa and even in multicellular plants. (science-connections.com)

The multimodal nature of TGF beta is seen in its ability to stimulate or inhibit cell proliferation. (caslab.com)
Combined treatment with selumetinib and a dose of palbociclib sufficient to reinforce G1 arrest in selumetinib-sensitive cells, but not to impair proliferation of resistant cells, delays the emergence of resistant colonies, meaning that escape from G1 arrest is critical in the formation of resistant clones. (babraham.ac.uk)
Its product is a GTP-binding protein which probably activates phospholipase C that generates the internal promoter diazylglycerol for kinase C, thus signalizing cell proliferation [14-16]. (science-connections.com)

B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. (lookformedical.com)

Discovery of non-genotoxic mechanisms through which p53 protein may be activated within tumor cells harboring wild-type p53 remains an important therapeutic objective, both in effort to alleviate traditional off-target chemotherapeutic side-effects and to prevent the unpredictable mutagenicity characteristic of these therapies. (biomedcentral.com)

In mammals, the immune systems serves as the primary defense with many different types of cells and mechanisms to protect the host. (justia.com)
The molecular mechanisms of animal cell osmoregulation are poorly understood. (prolekarniky.cz)
In response to alterations in tonicity, virtually all cells activate mechanisms to regulate cell water and solute content [1] . (prolekarniky.cz)
One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). (lookformedical.com)
Because of the availability of remarkably powerful genetic, molecular and cell biological tools, we use the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster, as our primary model for investigating the fundamental mechanisms of PCP signaling. (stanford.edu)
As a result of interaction of host cells with these foreign substances, defense mechanisms may be initiated to neutralize the invading infectious agents. (rupress.org)
Microbial LPS and viral dsRNA are potent inducers of nuclear factor (NF)-κB transcription factors, which have been implicated in regulation of host defense mechanisms in diverse species ranging from insects to mammals ( 3 ). (rupress.org)

or actively by prior immunization of the recipient with graft antigens which evoke specific antibodies and form antigen-antibody complexes which bind to the antigen receptor sites of the T-cells and block their cytotoxic activity. (lookformedical.com)
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)

During development, a small number of conserved signaling molecules regulate regional specification, in which uniform populations of cells acquire differences and ultimately give rise to distinct organs. (biologists.com)
A classification of B-lymphocytes based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells. (lookformedical.com)

Organic osmolytes accumulation is mediated by metabolic biosynthesis or transport into the cell via specialized organic osmolyte transporter proteins [5] . (prolekarniky.cz)
This silencing response leads to reduced levels of viral proteins, and in the case of cells infected with an RNA virus, viral sense or antisense genomes can also be targeted for degradation by siRNA. (moam.info)

Lymphoma b cell. (lookformedical.com)
Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. (lookformedical.com)
Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. (lookformedical.com)
A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. (lookformedical.com)

It is therefore of interest to find effective ways to produce cells which may function, proliferate, and differentiate as appropriate, while being safe from attack by a recipient's immune system. (justia.com)
Generally, when a stem cell culture is induced to differentiate, the differentiated population is analysed for particular cell types by expression of genes, markers or phenotypic analysis. (justia.com)
In particular, the induction of stem cells to differentiate into muscle cells (myocytes) is useful for muscle transplantation and therapeutic purposes, as well as providing potential human disease models in culture (e.g. for testing pharmaceuticals). (justia.com)
Development requires that cells differentiate to acquire the necessary complement of cell fates, and that they adopt the structure required to carry out their functions. (stanford.edu)

The immune system which results from cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages is developed in vivo, so as to recognize self from non-self. (justia.com)

Using a genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation cloning technique, we identified and validated 14 novel p53-regulated genes following NGF treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
Selumetinib causes long-term G1 arrest accompanied by reduced expression of DNA replication and repair genes, but cells stochastically re-enter the cell cycle during treatment despite continued repression of pERK1/2. (babraham.ac.uk)
The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1). (lookformedical.com)
Our results show that RelA plays a critical role in activation of immune system genes in response to nonspecific stimuli and demonstrate a novel proapoptotic function for this protein in Fas-induced cell death. (rupress.org)

Formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1, FPR1 receptor, fMet-Leu-Phe receptor 1, FMLP receptor 1, or N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine receptor 1) is a cell surface receptor protein that in humans is encoded by the formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) gene. (wikipedia.org)
Until quite recently, brown adipose tissue (BAT) was thought to be of metabolic importance only in smaller mammals and infant humans. (bioseek.eu)
Other recent studies verified the presence of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells of humans, monkeys, cattle, mice, and pigs. (bioone.org)

Although, the non-muscle myosin II holoenzyme (myosin) is a molecular motor that powers contraction of actin cytoskeleton networks, recent studies have questioned the importance of myosin motor activity cell and tissue shape changes. (elifesciences.org)
Overall, our data highlights that myosin activity is required for rapid cell contraction and tissue folding in developing Drosophila embryos. (elifesciences.org)
Cell shape changes and cell movements drive these tissue-scale transformations. (elifesciences.org)
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the embryo and are pluripotent, thus possessing the capability of developing into any organ, cell type or tissue type. (justia.com)
An induced state of non-reactivity to grafted tissue from a donor organism that would ordinarily trigger a cell-mediated or humoral immune response. (lookformedical.com)
Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. (lookformedical.com)
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. (lookformedical.com)
Numerous cells working together toward one common goal are called tissue. (regenerativemedicine.net)
The study was also conducted in larger mammals with equally impressive results: Liver tissue grown in pigs lymph nodes could treat genetic liver diseases. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. (lookformedical.com)
B-cell lymphoid tumors that occur in association with AIDS. (lookformedical.com)

This gene encodes a G protein-coupled receptor cell surface protein that binds and is activated by N-Formylmethionine-containing oligopeptides, particularly N-Formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). (wikipedia.org)
Further studies cloned a receptor for these N-formyl oligopeptides, FPR1. (wikipedia.org)

Its activity is also high in animal and human melanoma [19, 20], the cells of which are probably all derived from the neural crest cell-system. (science-connections.com)

We have used conditional gene deletion of mouse β-catenin in Sox17-positive embryonic and extra-embryonic endoderm as well as vascular endothelial progenitors to address the function of canonical Wnt signalling in cell lineage formation and patterning. (biologists.com)
Sox17 lineage tracing in the definitive endoderm (DE) shows a cell-autonomous requirement for β-catenin in midgut and hindgut formation. (biologists.com)

Ultrastructurally, neoplastic cells were characterized by abundant microvilli at their apical pole and by numerous junctional complexes on lateral cell membranes. (duckdvm.com)

In October 2003, researchers succeeded in cloning two laboratory rats by the problematic technique of nuclear transfer. (microscopyu.com)

The tumor suppressor p53 is recognized as a critical regulator of cell cycle progression and apoptosis, incorporating signals from DNA damage and other cellular stressors to decide cell fate [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

A multiplicity of viral functions has evolved to modulate the host cell environment in order to ensure the efficient production of new infectious virus during lytic infection. (moam.info)
Thus, LPS present in cell walls of gram-negative bacteria is recognized by cell surface receptors present on many different types of cells, and viral products such as double-stranded (ds)RNA molecules can activate intracellular kinases ( 1 , 2 ). (rupress.org)

In metazoans, homogeneous cell populations acquire regional differences and form specific domains that ultimately give rise to distinct organs. (biologists.com)
In effect, therefore, cells acquire a global knowledge of which way is which, much as a compass tells us direction on the earth s surface. (stanford.edu)

The primary goal of my work on PCP has been to elucidate, at molecular and cell biological levels, the nature of the signals that induce subcellular asymmetry, and how cells then respond to this molecular asymmetry to orient their cytoskeletons. (stanford.edu)

The field of the subject invention is the use of major histocompatibility complex antigen lacking cells and organs which may serve as universal donors in cellular and organ therapies including transplantation and to produce chimeric non-human mammals. (justia.com)
The induction of a specific differentiated cell type can be useful for transplantation or drug screening and drug discovery in vitro. (justia.com)

glycerol, sorbitol, myo-inositol, etc), which are non-ionic solutes that can be accumulated to high (100s of mM) concentrations without affecting cell structure and/or protein function [4] . (prolekarniky.cz)

We have not identified cancer in sponges, but ,src was found highly active in the sponges which, because of the autonomy of their cells, can be considered to grow as independently as tumors. (science-connections.com)
The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. (lookformedical.com)

Cell volume is one of the most aggressively defended homeostatic set points in biology. (prolekarniky.cz)
Cold Spring Harbor, NY -- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (CSHLP) announced the release of The Digital Cell: Cell Biology as a Data Science, available on its website in hardcover format. (cshlpress.com)

Moreover, mutant viruses defective in these functions increased the stability of EGFP mRNA even more than did the wild-type virus in silenced cells compared to results in control cells. (moam.info)

The FRET analysis also indicated the disruption of colocalization of TRAX and PLCß1 in cells by GHCer derived from EVs. (bvsalud.org)

p53 is recognized as a critical regulator of the cell cycle and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. (lookformedical.com)

This interaction is of unknown physiological significance although peptide T20/DP178 is a licensed anti-retrovirus agent (pentafuside) termed Enfuvirtide which acts at the level of HIV-target cell fusion and is used clinically to treat HIV-1 infection). (wikipedia.org)
It is likely that polyclonal B-cell lymphoproliferation in AIDS is a complex result of EBV infection, HIV antigenic stimulation, and T-cell-dependent HIV activation. (lookformedical.com)

In contrast, an adaptive immune response exists only in vertebrates and is dependent on the presence of antigen receptors displayed on specialized cells of the immune system. (rupress.org)

Here, we investigate amplification events that underlie resistance to the MEK inhibitor selumetinib (AZD6244/ARRY-142886) in COLO205 cells, a well-characterized model for reproducible emergence of drug resistance, and show that amplifications acquired are the primary cause of resistance. (babraham.ac.uk)

In order for the cells to be effective, they must be safe from attack by the host, so that they may function without being destroyed by the immune system. (justia.com)

In any case, the respective cell types may then be selectively cultured to enrich their percentage population to eventually obtain a single cell type and culture. (justia.com)

Surgical removal of kidneys in birds is virtually impossible due to their location and intricate relationship with the surrounding blood vessels and nerves. (duckdvm.com)
They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation. (lookformedical.com)

In addition, heterozygous hosts having one wild-type gene and one mutated gene could be mated to obtain homozygous hosts, so that all of the cells would have the appropriate modification. (justia.com)
In addition, ELISA, Biacore, and in-cell FRET assays confirmed the competition between GHCer and PLCß1 for binding to TRAX. (bvsalud.org)

Transforming growth factor (TGF) betas are involved in many cell-to-cell interactions that occur during embryonic development. (caslab.com)

Despite this, clinical responses are typically transient as tumour cells develop resistance. (babraham.ac.uk)

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells which can give rise to a succession of mature functional cells. (justia.com)
compared the structural and functional properties of F-ATP synthases in plant mitochondria with those of yeast and mammals. (tcdb.org)

When the host is immunocompromised, there may be an interest in transfusing specific white cells, particularly T-cells, which may protect the host from various diseases. (justia.com)

There are many situations where one may wish to transplant cells into a recipient host where the recipient's cells are missing, damaged or dysfunctional. (justia.com)

The invention also includes cells, cell lines, testing models and culture systems used in the methods of the present invention and differentiated cells produced therefrom. (justia.com)
High activity of src measured as activity of its product, the pp60c-src kinase, was detected in the nervous cell systems of all groups of animals tested. (science-connections.com)

Consistent with this, cells lacking stat92E exhibit ectopic wg expression. (biologists.com)

Anatomy68

Organisms22

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs59

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment35

Phenomena and Processes65

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Endothelial cells6

Mammalian7

Skeletal2

Hematopoietic2

Renal2

Tissues7

Induces2

Differentiation17

Precursors2

Follicular2

Taxonomic1

Proliferation3

Immature cells1

Tumor cells1

Mechanisms7

Antigens2

Populations of cells2

Proteins2

Lymphoma4

Differentiate4

Lineages1

Genes4

Humans3

Tissue9

Lymphoid2

Receptor2

Neural1

Lineage2

Neoplastic1

Nuclear1

Fate1

Viral2

Acquire2

Molecular1

Transplantation2

Protein1

Tumors2

Biology2

Viruses1

Disruption1

Apoptosis2

Infection2

Receptors1

Emergence1

Immune system1

Types1

Birds2

Addition2

Occur1

Responses1

Functional2

Diseases1

Recipient1

Systems2

Expression1