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Sensory ThresholdsDifferential ThresholdAuditory ThresholdPain ThresholdTaste ThresholdThreshold Limit ValuesAnaerobic ThresholdPsychophysicsContrast SensitivityAudiometry, Pure-ToneTime FactorsElectric StimulationThermosensingAction PotentialsEvoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain StemAudiometryPhysical StimulationDiscrimination (Psychology)Perceptual MaskingSensitivity and SpecificityNoiseAcoustic StimulationShiveringHearingHearing Loss, Noise-InducedVibrationReproducibility of ResultsAlgorithmsPhotic StimulationPainSignal Detection, PsychologicalAdaptation, OcularCochleaModels, BiologicalNociceptorsNeural ConductionNeurons, AfferentElectrophysiologyDose-Response Relationship, DrugPsychoacousticsPain MeasurementTouchReaction TimeROC CurveHearing LossHyperalgesiaVisual FieldsMechanoreceptorsModels, NeurologicalVisual Field TestsSkin TemperaturePressureCatsSensationLoudness PerceptionCochlear NerveMaximum Allowable ConcentrationColor PerceptionComputer SimulationMotion PerceptionAnalysis of VarianceFlicker FusionHot TemperatureElectrodes, ImplantedOtoacoustic Emissions, SpontaneousRats, Sprague-DawleyNeuronsMembrane PotentialsElectromyographyReference ValuesAudiometry, Evoked ResponseMotor NeuronsVisual AcuityReflexPresbycusisSound SpectrographyCochlear ImplantsVision, OcularVisual PerceptionSeizuresPredictive Value of TestsSweatingEvoked Potentials, AuditoryBody Temperature RegulationRecruitment, NeurophysiologicalLightNerve FibersBehavior, AnimalAuditory PerceptionHearing TestsHearing Loss, SensorineuralModels, TheoreticalLightingElectric CountershockSmellModels, StatisticalSpeech Reception Threshold TestThermoreceptorsOxygen ConsumptionMuscle Contraction
GenomesRange of viralMaternal viral loadHepatitisLoadsAssayNucleicPolymeraseInfectionsLoad measuredVirusesRespiratory2021TransmissionCycle threshold valuesMeasurementSurveillanceInfectivityDynamicsError thresholdValuesCoronavirusVirusGeneClimateDiseaseLevelNationalDataHigherActivityPresentTalkResultsLevelsVideoPatientsLongSamplesRecentDirect
Genomes4
  • One of the proposed modes of action of RBV is a direct mutagenic effect on viral genomes, inducing mismatches and subsequent nucleotide substitutions. (mdpi.com)
  • Replication in a single cell imposes a genetic bottleneck, as few viral genomes are present. (virology.ws)
  • I would be very interested to know if the conclusions of this work would be changed by the ability to determine the sequences of all the viral genomes recovered from a single infected cell . (virology.ws)
  • The "gold standard" for COVID-19 detection is nucleic acid amplification for use of Ag-RDT testing (NAAT) where viral genomes are detected indicating the presence of the virus in an individual. (who.int)
Range of viral1
  • We demonstrate that the method concentrates virus from 1 mL samples prior to RNA extraction, substantially improving detection of virus using real-time RT-PCR across a range of viral titers (100-1,000,000 viral copies/mL) and enabling detection of virus using the 2019 nCoV CDC EUA Kit down to 100 viral copies/mL. (nature.com)
Maternal viral load1
  • As stated in the paper, the U.S., European, British and French guidelines all differ in their recommendations on the level of suppression required for maternal viral load," she noted. (medscape.com)
Hepatitis2
  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV), an important agent of viral hepatitis worldwide, can cause severe courses of infection in pregnant women and immunosuppressed patients. (mdpi.com)
  • The most common causes of advanced liver disease are chronic viral infections ( hepatitis C [HCV] and B [HBV]), alcohol abuse , NAFLD/NASH , autoimmune disease, drugs or toxins, metabolic disorders (eg, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency , hemochromatosis , and Wilson disease ), and biliary tract diseases. (medscape.com)
Loads5
  • Objective To evaluate viral loads at different stages of disease progression in patients infected with the 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the first four months of the epidemic in Zhejiang province, China. (bmj.com)
  • Mothers taking antiretroviral drugs with low plasma viral loads may still transmit HIV to their breastfeeding children. (bmj.com)
  • Participants with higher Ct values corresponding to lower viral loads had shorter viral clearance time than those of lower Ct values or higher viral loads. (bvsalud.org)
  • Between 2000 and 2013, the viral loads of the 212 women having 290 deliveries were consistently monitored. (medscape.com)
  • HIV viral loads and comorbidities are not regional unless medical care affects the resulting comorbidities," Dr. Thies, who also was not involved in the study, told Reuters Health by email. (medscape.com)
Assay2
  • 1991). However, direct measurement of viral presence using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay will usually show extremely high levels of virus during this window period. (health.am)
  • Virus-containing culture fluids were then subjected to plaque assay, during which 2 viral replication cycles took place. (virology.ws)
Nucleic4
  • This method is compatible with commercially available nucleic acid extraction kits (i.e., from Qiagen) and a simple heat and detergent method that extracts viral RNA directly off the particle, allowing a sample processing time of 10 min. (nature.com)
  • At present, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends diagnosis of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection via measurement of viral nucleic acid and antigen tests ( https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/hcp/clinical-criteria.html ). (nature.com)
  • The quantitative cross/cycle threshold (Ct) value for the detection of nucleic acids within the spike (S) gene of the SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in various respiratory specimens by PCR with probe-based detection. (loinc.org)
  • Cycle threshold values, a measure of nucleic acid concentration, were plotted onto the standard curve constructed on the basis of the standard product. (bmj.com)
Polymerase2
  • The cycle threshold value stands for the number of cycles it takes a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test to detect a virus. (theepochtimes.com)
  • One of these changes lead to a single amino acid change in the viral RNA polymerase. (virology.ws)
Infections1
  • its efficacy in other viral infections is being evaluated. (medscape.com)
Load measured2
  • Main outcome measures Ribonucleic acid (RNA) viral load measured in respiratory, stool, serum, and urine samples. (bmj.com)
  • Approximately 1 out of 7 tested miners had SARS-CoV-2 infection and the duration of their RT-PCR tests positivity independently correlated with the initial viral load measured by initial Ct values. (bvsalud.org)
Viruses3
  • it's also that enters the error threshold relation, and that causes all the viruses to be different. (webofstories.com)
  • Avian influenza is a viral disease caused by various strains of avian influenza viruses that can be classified as low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) or highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). (usgs.gov)
  • Measles is not the only virus that can hijack the immune system, and Cattaneo said he hopes to determine the activation thresholds for other viruses, such as the yellow fever virus and the Chikungunya virus (which are both spread by mosquitoes). (livescience.com)
Respiratory1
  • Universal masking in healthcare facilities was adopted during the pandemic based on research that indicates masking could reduce the risk of respiratory viral transmission. (healthleadersmedia.com)
20211
  • Méthodologie: Entre septembre 2021 et février 2022, des écouvillonnages oropharyngés et/ou nasopharyngés de travailleurs symptomatiques COVID-19 et apparemment en bonne santé sélectionnés consécutivement du site minier de Wahgnion dans le sud-ouest du Burkina Faso qui ont consenti à l'étude ont été prélevés selon les deux programme de quart de semaines et testé pour le SRAS-CoV-2 à l'aide d'un test RT-PCR. (bvsalud.org)
Transmission9
  • Thus, despite the fact that the threshold level of genital-tract HIV necessary for transmission is not known, caution is warranted. (medscape.com)
  • Epidemiological studies indicate that semen, cervical and vaginal secretions, breast milk, and blood and blood products are the predominant, if not exclusive, vehicles for viral transmission (Staprans and Feinberg 1997). (health.am)
  • As with other routes of transmission, the likelihood of transmission increases with the size of the viral inoculum. (health.am)
  • Transmission from mother to child via breast milk is influenced by maternal HIV viral load and occurs through cell-free and cell associated HIV-1. (bmj.com)
  • We conducted epidemiologic investigations on six farm s to identify the source of virus introduction, track cross-species transmission, and assess viral evolution. (cdc.gov)
  • To establish seasonal and alert thresholds and transmission intensity categories for influenza to provide timely triggers for preventive measures or upscaling control measures in Cambodia. (who.int)
  • With these parameters, four threshold levels (seasonal, moderate, high and alert) were established and transmission intensity was categorized based on a World Health Organization alignment method. (who.int)
  • This study reiterates what we have been practicing in the United States for many years: that having a low HIV viral load prior to vaginal delivery does not increase the risk of vertical transmission to the fetus," said Dr. Alexis Gimovsky of the Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine at the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences in Washington, D.C., who was not involved in the research. (medscape.com)
  • In women with HIV, avoiding cesarean is arguably even more crucial to decrease their risk of severe infection, prolonged hospital stay, wound complication and other morbidity, as long as the viral load is below the threshold for fetal transmission. (medscape.com)
Cycle threshold values2
  • The authors said that while infectivity is determined by numerous factors which are difficult to model, cycle threshold values are a commonly used proxy for infectiousness. (theepochtimes.com)
  • His samples were sent for genome sequencing, as he had low CT (cycle threshold) values, indicating a high viral load. (thehindu.com)
Measurement2
  • Viral load, a quantifiable measurement of how many viral particles are present in a cubic centimeter of blood, can be determined by several different assays, some of which detect as few as 50 viral particles per cubic centimeter of blood. (health.am)
  • Below that threshold of measurement, the result is reported as "nondetectable. (health.am)
Surveillance3
  • Information on SARS-CoV-2 in representative community surveillance is limited, particularly cycle threshold (Ct) values (a proxy for viral load). (ox.ac.uk)
  • 20% of all viral surveillance in the US. (helix.com)
  • Helix is working together with the CDC and other public health agencies on national viral surveillance efforts. (helix.com)
Infectivity5
  • The retrospective analysis examined the waning effect of protection from the vaccine, which the authors said had not been thoroughly analyzed before in terms of cycle threshold and infectivity. (theepochtimes.com)
  • Cycle threshold negatively correlates with viral load which is a major factor of infectivity. (theepochtimes.com)
  • So a higher cycle threshold value reflects lower infectivity. (theepochtimes.com)
  • The authors found that the infectivity of those who had recovered from the Delta variant of COVID-19 was similar to that of people who had received 2 and 3 doses at the peak of their viral protection, from 10 to 39 days. (theepochtimes.com)
  • A consequence is that RNA virus populations exist close to an error threshold beyond which infectivity is lost. (virology.ws)
Dynamics3
  • Viral load dynamics. (bmj.com)
  • CoV-2 infection in Burkina Faso and to use the initial cycle threshold (Ct) values of RT-PCR as a tool to monitor the dynamics of the viral load. (bvsalud.org)
  • The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of SARSCoV-2 infection in Burkina Faso and to use the initial cycle threshold (Ct) values of RT-PCR as a tool to monitor the dynamics of the viral load. (bvsalud.org)
Error threshold4
  • We talk much about error threshold. (webofstories.com)
  • Error threshold says that any replicating system, in order to keep its information stable, must be below the error threshold. (webofstories.com)
  • It should be closed to the error threshold in order to be versatile and in order to be adaptable. (webofstories.com)
  • But it must not exceed the error threshold. (webofstories.com)
Values1
  • The latest cycle threshold (Ct) values of coronavirus (COVID-19) positive tests, as well as latest analysis of the genetic lineages of COVID-19 seen in the samples we sequence, are provided in our Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection Survey dataset . (ons.gov.uk)
Coronavirus1
  • Contexte: Pour contrôler la propagation de la maladie à coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) causée par le syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère coronavirus-2 (SRAS-CoV-2), il est nécessaire d'identifier et d'isoler de manière adéquate les patients infectieux, en particulier sur le lieu de travail. (bvsalud.org)
Virus3
  • We furthermore tested our method in transport medium diagnostic remnant samples that previously had been tested for SARS-CoV-2, showing that our method not only correctly identified all positive samples but also substantially improved detection of the virus in low viral load samples. (nature.com)
  • Plaque purification has been used for years in virology to produce clonal virus stocks, but at least for VSV, a plaque is not produced by a single viral genome. (virology.ws)
  • Greater virus yields means more viral RNA replication, and more change for diversity. (virology.ws)
Gene1
  • Hachung Chung, a postdoctoral fellow at Rockefeller University in New York City, who was not involved in the research, said it's important to now figure out the mechanisms that different forms of the ADAR1 gene use to transform viral double-stranded DNA. (livescience.com)
Climate2
  • For the first time since record keeping began, Earth has surpassed a critical temperature threshold that scientists have long warned could unleash the worst effects of climate change. (yahoo.com)
  • The study moves three years closer the date when the world will eventually hit a critical climate threshold, which is an increase of 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) since the 1800s. (fourstateshomepage.com)
Disease1
  • Viral load is a strong predictor of disease progression in untreated patients. (health.am)
Level2
  • This defines a dynamic range between the hearing threshold at that frequency and the loudnes discomfort level. (banishtinnitus.net)
  • Establishing specific influenza thresholds at the national level for season onset and intensity levels could provide timely triggers for public health measures, such as awareness-raising for prevention, upscaling control measures and resource allocation. (who.int)
National1
Data1
  • Thresholds established using the composite parameter, combining syndromic and laboratory data, had the least number of false alarms in declaring season onset and were most useful in monitoring intensity. (who.int)
Higher1
  • Independent predictors of lower Cts (i.e. higher viral load) included self-reported symptoms and more genes detected, with at most small effects of sex, ethnicity and age. (ox.ac.uk)
Activity4
  • Cox noted that if viral activity reached specified thresholds, public health action would be swift and could result in pausing the reopening process. (latimes.com)
  • Unlike in temperate regions, the syndromic parameter was less useful in monitoring influenza activity or for setting thresholds. (who.int)
  • Influenza thresholds based on appropriate parameters have the potential to provide timely triggers for public health measures in a tropical country where monitoring and assessing influenza activity has been challenging. (who.int)
  • [ 47 ] Seizure activity can be closely observed using electroencephalography (EEG), and the threshold for administering temporary anticonvulsant therapy should be low. (medscape.com)
Present1
  • Here, we present a new generation of subunit vaccines targeting viral antigens to CD40-expressing antigen-presenting cells. (nature.com)
Talk1
  • We have to do something against them, and this is perhaps a good transition to talk about anti-viral strategies. (webofstories.com)
Results2
  • Because specific therapy for encephalitis is limited and because potentially serious sequelae (or death) may result from HSE, early treatment with acyclovir should be started as soon as possible in all patients with suspected viral encephalitis, pending the results of diagnostic studies. (medscape.com)
  • These results bolster the European community's guidelines and will provide more support to continue the practice of offering safe vaginal delivery for women with HIV as long as viral load is low. (medscape.com)
Levels1
  • The study compared cycle threshold levels of individuals that were unvaccinated, vaccinated with two, three, or four doses, with individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 and had not been vaccinated. (theepochtimes.com)
Video6
  • Buoyed by a viral announcement video in which he invited his prospective Republican opponent, House Speaker Paul Ryan, to switch jobs with him-"you can come work the iron and I'll go to DC"-he raised nearly half a million dollars in two weeks and became a fixture on cable news. (motherjones.com)
  • The subsequent backlash, and well-publicised breakdown of filmmaker Jason Russell, does nothing to diminish the significance of the achievement of the fastest-spreading viral video in history. (campaignlive.co.uk)
  • Digital experts have long argued that two minutes is the optimum viral-video viewing time for consumers. (campaignlive.co.uk)
  • For those of us who are a little behind in understanding the use of viral video and other new video tools in politics, Peter Leyden' Blog at NDN provides a good introduction here . (thedemocraticstrategist.org)
  • Leyden notes that George Allen's "macaca moment" was first publicized through "viral video" ( wikipedia also has an informative entry on the term here ). (thedemocraticstrategist.org)
  • Leyden introduces the first installment of NPI's new series "Re-Imagining Video" with former Hollywood producer Julie Bergman Sender's more in depth piece on the subject " Viral Video in Politics: Case Studies in Creating Compelling Video " Readers can link to the PDF from this summary. (thedemocraticstrategist.org)
Patients1
  • Clinicians in Scotland, particularly those caring for immunocompromised patients, should have a low threshold for testing for HEV. (eurosurveillance.org)
Long1
  • Similarly, online publishers have long viewed 'the fold' as the threshold few consumers will cross. (campaignlive.co.uk)
Samples1
  • Speaking to reporters here on Friday, he said that the samples of international travellers and citizens who test positive, and have a high viral load are sent for genome sequencing. (thehindu.com)
Recent1
  • I'll turn it over to you, Bob, to tell us a bit about the viral tweet about your recent experience with COVID. (medscape.com)
Direct1
  • Sharing needles or other equipment during injection is a very efficient means of transmitting HIV and amounts to a direct inoculation of viral particles from the infected to the noninfected person. (health.am)