Viral rna helicases. Medical search. Frequent questions

The central region of the genome contains 90-100+ homologous genes that are involved in viral replication, and these genes are generally relatively conserved among Poxviruses. (wikipedia.org)
Previous studies have demonstrated that viral RNA helicases represent promising pharmacological targets for antiviral drugs/inhibitors, as they are implicated in viral replication and proliferation. (spandidos-publications.com)
The latter region of NS proteins, at the C-terminal part of the polyprotein, has a great contribution in the RNA replication process. (spandidos-publications.com)
The viral RNA helicases are attributed to the NS3 region of the viral polyprotein, and they are involved in duplex unwinding, during viral RNA replication. (spandidos-publications.com)
Being a promising antiviral target, helicase inhibition leads to the pause of the replication, proliferation and consequently, to the survival and transmission of Flaviviridae viruses ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Resistance depends on the efficient sensing of the infection and mounting of antiviral responses that involve programmed death of infected cells, suppression of viral replication, inflammation and the establishment of adaptive immunity. (frontiersin.org)
Surprisingly, RNA viruses such as SARS-CoV2 also depend on host cell eIF4A and we found that inhibitors can block viral replication. (mskcc.org)
The Cusack group uses X-ray crystallography and cryo electron-microscopy (cryoEM) to study the structural biology of protein-RNA complexes involved in RNA virus replication, innate immunity and cellular RNA metabolism. (embl.org)
Our goal is to understand the molecular mechanisms whereby the genomic RNA of influenza-like viruses is, on the one hand, the template for transcription and replication of the viral genome by its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and, on the other hand, an Achilles' heel, whose recognition as non-self can trigger an innate immune response to counter the viral infection. (embl.org)
Our current goal is to derive models explaining the detailed mechanisms of transcription and replication of the viral genome (vRNA) by influenza-like viral polymerases. (embl.org)
In parallel, we are doing the same for viral replication, which is unprimed and occurs in two-steps via an intermediate complementary RNA (cRNA). (embl.org)
These studies are being extended to viral RNPs (the physiological RNA synthesis units) to understand the behaviour of the viral nucleoprotein during replication and transcription and to include host factors important for viral replication. (embl.org)
Replication of plus-strand RNA viruses depends on recruited host factors that aid several critical steps during replication. (prolekarniky.cz)
In this paper, we show that an essential translation factor, Ded1p DEAD-box RNA helicase of yeast, directly affects replication of Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV). (prolekarniky.cz)
To separate the role of Ded1p in viral protein translation from its putative replication function, we utilized a cell-free TBSV replication assay and recombinant Ded1p. (prolekarniky.cz)
Altogether, the two host factors enhance TBSV replication synergistically by interacting with the viral (−)RNA and the replication proteins. (prolekarniky.cz)
Thus, two small RNA viruses, which do not code for their own helicases, seems to recruit a host RNA helicase to aid their replication in infected cells. (prolekarniky.cz)
All eukaryotic plus-stranded (+)RNA viruses have similar replication cycles in infected cells. (prolekarniky.cz)
After translation of their mRNA-sense genomic RNA(s), the viral RNA and the viral replication proteins are recruited to the site of viral replication in membranous compartments. (prolekarniky.cz)
This is then followed by (+)-strand synthesis in an asymmetric manner, producing excess amounts of (+)-strand progeny, which is released from replication for other viral processes. (prolekarniky.cz)
For efficient replication, (+)RNA viruses recruit numerous host proteins [1] - [5] . (prolekarniky.cz)
The co-opted host proteins likely affect several steps in viral RNA replication, including the assembly of the replicase complex and/or viral RNA synthesis. (prolekarniky.cz)
However, the functions of host factors in (+)RNA virus replication are known only for a small number of host factors [1] - [9] . (prolekarniky.cz)
The single genomic RNA codes for two replication proteins, p33 and p92 pol , which are sufficient to support TBSV replicon (rep)RNA replication in yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) model host [13] , [14] . (prolekarniky.cz)
RIG-I and MDA5 are two distinct sensors of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) , a replication intermediate for RNA viruses [1-3]. (invivogen.com)
We propose that the "stealth phase" phenomenon is primarily responsible for the suppression of symptoms during the incubation period and results from viral antagonism that inhibits major pathways of the innate immune system allowing an extended time of unhindered virus replication. (scienceopen.com)
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) produced during viral replication is believed to be the critical trigger for activation of antiviral immunity mediated by the RNA helicase enzymes retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5). (scienceopen.com)
Our goal is to recapitulate RNA replication in vitro using biological relevant substrates and proteins and a biologically relevant sub-genomic replicon of HCV. (uams.edu)
We are investigating several helicases that function in DNA and RNA replication and in transcription termination. (rutgers.edu)
Binds RNA and may function as a RNA chaperone to induce the RNA structural rearrangements taking place during virus replication (PubMed:18033802). (proteopedia.org)
It is expressed early in the viral replication cycle and as such is a good candidate for early detection of infection. (biotechafrica.com)
In addition to DNA or RNA polymerases, a helicase is therefore required to displace the single-stranded genome after replication, thus leading to the formation of progeny viral particles. (eurekaselect.com)
In humans, DNA helicases play essential roles in facilitating cellular DNA metabolisms including genome replication, DNA repair, recombination, transcription as well as telomere maintenance. (eurekaselect.com)
NS3 is a protease and a helicase, whereas NS5 is the RNA polymerase in charge of viral RNA replication. (denguevirusnet.com)
Replication of all positive-stranded RNA viruses occurs in close association with virus-induced intracellular membrane structures. (denguevirusnet.com)
This process is regulated by both viral and cellular factors, which are necessary for an efficient viral replication as well as for the setting up of viral latency, leading to a repressed transcription of the integrated provirus.nnRESULTS: In this study, we examined the role of two parameters in HIV-1 LTR promoter activity. (cnrs.fr)
Positive-stranded (+)RNA viruses greatly exploit host cells to support viral replication. (uky.edu)
However, unlike many other pathogens, (+)RNA viruses code for only a limited number of genes, making them highly dependent on numerous co-opted host factors for supporting viral replication and other viral processes during their infections. (uky.edu)
This excessive dependence on subverted host factors, however, renders (+)RNA viruses vulnerable to host restriction factors that could block virus replication. (uky.edu)
Interestingly, cellular ATP-dependent DEAD-box RNA helicases could promote or inhibit the replication of Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) replication. (uky.edu)
We demonstrate that in the absence of the N-terminal domain, the core helicase domain becomes unhinged, showing altered specificity in unwinding viral RNA duplexes containing cis -acting replication elements. (uky.edu)
S2 Fig. Effect of expression of truncation mutants of the antiviral RH30 DEAD-box helicase on tombusvirus genomic RNA replication in N. benthamiana plant. (uky.edu)
Specifically, they found increasing mutations in the nucleocapsid protein, which packages the virus's RNA after entering a host cell, and the 3a viroporin protein, which creates pores in host cells to facilitate viral release, replication, and virulence. (news-medical.net)
The different interactions between viral proteins and cellular host proteins are required for efficient replication of HIV-1. (biomedcentral.com)
The siRNA knockdown (KD) of PSF resulted in increased viral replication in TZM-bl cells, suggesting PSF has negative influence on viral replication. (biomedcentral.com)
In an attempt to study the host interacting protein of IN, we have identified a new interacting host protein PSF which is a splicing factor and elucidated its role in integration and viral replication. (biomedcentral.com)
Identification of these interacting host cellular protein provide better understanding of mechanism of viral replication and subsequently development of new therapeutic approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
Splicing factor such as Serine Arginine rich splicing factor (SRSF1) [ 16 ] regulate HIV-1 transcription whereas, Small nuclear RNAs [ 17 ] inhibit HIV-1 replication through excessive RNA Splicing. (biomedcentral.com)
We have combined proteomic analysis of the viral translation and replication complexes with a CRISPR screen, to identify host factors required for norovirus infection. (liverpool.ac.uk)
The plus strand RNA genome of the human SARS coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) is replicated by the viral replication-transcription complex (RTC) composed of nonstructural proteins nsp3-nsp16, encoded by open reading frames ORF1a and ORF1b. (reactome.org)
nsp13 is an RNA helicase which is thought to melt secondary structures in the genomic RNA during replication and transcription. (reactome.org)
The SARS-CoV-2 Non-structural protein 13 (NSP13) has been identified as a target for anti-virals due to its high sequence conservation and essential role in viral replication. (ox.ac.uk)
These multifunctional proteins, including NS3, are essential for viral replication. (saifpharma.com)
The N-terminal of NS3 protein confers serine protease activity, while the C-terminus of NS3 encodes a DExH/D-box RNA helicase which hydrolyzes NTP as an energy source to unwind double-stranded RNA in a 3′ to 5′ direction during replication of viral genomic RNA. (saifpharma.com)
NS5A is a phosphoprotein that plays an essential role in the replication, assembly, and maturation of infectious viral proteins. (saifpharma.com)
Mathematical modeling of plus-strand RNA virus replication to identify broad-spectrum antiviral treatment strategies. (cdc.gov)

Late viral genes are now being transcribed (most encode for structural proteins, enzymes and transcriptions factors) and are then translated. (wikipedia.org)
The concatameric intermediates produced earlier are now resolved into double strand DNA and packaged in the late viral proteins to produce and immature virions (IV). (wikipedia.org)
Fecal samples from that is organized in 3 open reading frames (ORFs), of which 25 (40%) of the 63 dogs with diarrhea and 4 (9%) of the ORF1 encodes a polyprotein that is proteolytically cleaved 42 controls tested positive for a new canine NoV (Viseu into 6 nonstructural proteins, including RNA-dependent strain) (Table). (cdc.gov)
The most crucial NS proteins are the viral helicase and the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
These distinctive flanking sequences inform the particular protein-protein and RNA-protein interactions for the diverse human DEAD-Box proteins. (bellbrooklabs.com)
The open reading frame encodes a 3,011 amino acid protein that is cleaved into several different proteins by proteases of viral and cellular origins. (biomedcentral.com)
Among the identified host proteins are RNA-binding proteins, such as translation factors, ribosomal proteins and RNA-modifying enzymes [1] . (prolekarniky.cz)
The excised DNA quadruplexes can bind to proteins such as DHX36 (a helicase), leading to formation of sub-organelles called stress granules. (uams.edu)
Helicases are ubiquitous proteins that catalyze the separation of duplex DNA strands, the removal of secondary structures in RNA, and the reorganization of proteins bound to DNA. (rutgers.edu)
Being involved in almost all DNA and RNA metabolism processes, helicases and related proteins constitute greater than 2% of the genome. (rutgers.edu)
Biochemical studies reveal that helicases are nucleic acid motor proteins that use the chemical energy from NTP hydrolysis to move along DNA and RNA. (rutgers.edu)
We study the HCV proteins including the helicase and replicase to understand their function and mechanism of action, substrate specificity, and structure-function-studies to ultimately aid in obtaining agents to inhibit their function. (rutgers.edu)
T7 RNA polymerase is one of the best structurally characterized proteins of this class. (rutgers.edu)
The viral nonstructural proteins use a negative-sense intermediate to replicate the positive-sense RNA genome, which then associates with capsid protein and is packaged into individual virions. (denguevirusnet.com)
These RCs seem to contain viral proteins, viral RNA and host cell factors. (denguevirusnet.com)
RNA helicases are members of a large family of proteins considered crucial for RNA metabolism and gene expression. (thescitech.com)
DEAD box proteins, characterized by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD), are putative RNA helicases which are implicated in a number of cellular processes involving RNA binding and alteration of RNA secondary structure. (cncb.ac.cn)
Remarkably, sites within two other notable proteins also became more stable starting in April, including the NSP12 polymerase protein, which duplicates RNA, and the NSP13 helicase protein, which proofreads the duplicated RNA strands. (news-medical.net)
The integration process is catalyzed by viral protein integrase which utilizes different host proteins for integration of viral DNA [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Using cells expressing nonfunctional PKR or reduced levels of kinase, we show that PKR is required for production of IFN-alpha/beta proteins in response to a subset of RNA viruses including encephalomyocarditis, Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis, and Semliki Forest virus, but not influenza or Sendai virus. (ox.ac.uk)
All these effects are mediated by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), which therefore play a key role in the regulation of transcription. (deep-dv.org)
Importantly, many interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) code for RBPs, such as the IFIT family, several RNA helicases, members of the OAS protein family, or splicing-associated proteins. (deep-dv.org)
Type We Interferons are cytokines from the innate disease fighting capability that creates antiviral proteins manifestation in response to AT7867 viral disease. (researchdataservice.com)
Recent studies possess determined IFITM proteins as the 1st ISG to inhibit viral admittance processes and exposed mechanistic knowledge of known anti-viral ISGs such as ISG15 and Viperin. (researchdataservice.com)
Two RTC proteins, nsp8 and nsp12, possess 5'-3' RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity. (reactome.org)
The pleiotropic effects of both proteins are perfect examples of the importance of RNA decay and translation in maintaining correct cell functioning. (ens-lyon.fr)
Glecaprevir is an inhibitor of the HCV NS3/4A protease, which is a viral enzyme necessary for the proteolytic cleavage of the HCV-encoded polyprotein into mature forms of the NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, and NS5B proteins. (saifpharma.com)
When pieces of viral RNA are present inside a cell, multiple MDA5 proteins attach to it, one after another, forming a filament. (medlineplus.gov)
The altered protein may more readily attach to RNA, even pieces of RNA that are not from viruses, or to other MDA5 proteins to form filaments. (medlineplus.gov)
Studies suggest that the altered protein is unable to attach to viral RNA or to other MDA5 proteins to form filaments. (medlineplus.gov)
These are proteins that carry out a variety of functions during the creation and expansion of the CRISPR ARRAYS, the capture of new CRISPR SPACERS, biogenesis of SMALL INTERFERING RNA (CRISPR or crRNAs), and the targeting and silencing of invading viruses and plasmids. (bvsalud.org)
A large superfamily of CRISPR-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS that contain at least one RNA recognition motif. (bvsalud.org)

These early genes are expressions are mediated by virally encoded transcriptional machinery that includes: a heterodimeric transcription factor (vETF), a seven-subunit RNA polymerase, the heterodimeric capping enzyme/ termination protein, and the heterodimeric poly(A) polymerase. (wikipedia.org)
A new yeast poly(A) polymerase complex involved in RNA quality control. (nature.com)
RNA polymerase (RdRp), helicase, and protease ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
4 On the other hand, DDX5 binds the SARS-CoV helicase to enhance viral proliferation, facilitates HIV-1 mRNA export, and enhances influenza virus polymerase activity. (bellbrooklabs.com)
The HCV RNA polymerase is highly error prone, and the sequences of HCV genomes display enormous amounts of variation. (biomedcentral.com)
Our structural work on influenza polymerase has opened up the area of structure-based drug design of novel anti-virals targeting multiple functional sites on the polymerase. (embl.org)
This polyprotein contained conserved motifs of putative viral methyltransferase (MTR), helicase 1 (Hel-1), UDP-glycosyltransferase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. (microbiologyresearch.org)
We are currently investigating a) replicative enzymes: helicases and DNA polymerase b) transcriptional enzymes: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. (rutgers.edu)
and c) viral replicases: HCV RNA helicase and RNA polymerase. (rutgers.edu)
Viral RNA polymerase and methyltransferase. (nbsbioscience.cn)
nsp12 is the main RNA polymerase, while nsp8 is thought to act as an RNA primase. (reactome.org)

The viral genome is now replicated as concatamers and transcription and translation of intermediate genes (mainly coding for transcription factors) occurs. (wikipedia.org)
The viral capsid encloses a AG-3) and JV103 (5-TGC GCA ATA GAG TTG ACC single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome of 7.3-7.7 kb TG-3) and retested all 105 samples. (cdc.gov)
The viral genome is located inside the capsid of the virion, having a positive-sense polarity and a long open reading frame, which is flanked by untranslated regions at the 5' and 3' ends. (spandidos-publications.com)
Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne transplacentally transmissible flavivirus, is an enveloped virus with an ~10.8 kb plus-strand RNA genome that can cause neurological disease. (mdpi.com)
First, a full-length functional ZIKV cDNA clone was engineered as a bacterial artificial chromosome, with each reporter gene under the cap-independent translational control of a cardiovirus-derived internal ribosome entry site inserted downstream of the single open reading frame of the viral genome. (mdpi.com)
Encapsidation of the RNA genome. (nbsbioscience.cn)
Figure 4: Evolution of genome organization in RNA viruses. (nature.com)
A tick-borne segmented RNA virus contains genome segments derived from unsegmented viral ancestors. (nature.com)
The DENV RNA genome is in the infected cell translated by the host ribosomes. (denguevirusnet.com)
The discovery of the sequence plasticity of DEAD-box helicases that can alter recognition of different cis -acting RNA elements in the viral genome illustrates the evolutionary potential of RNA helicases in the arms race between viruses and their hosts, including key roles of RNA helicases in plant innate immunity. (uky.edu)
The HIV-1 life cycle includes two essential processes, reverse transcription, forming the linear double stranded DNA (cDNA) and the integration of viral dsDNA into host genome. (biomedcentral.com)
First, viral mRNA needs to be transcribed from the viral genome. (deep-dv.org)
Within the first funding period, we will identify host cell RBPs playing a role in HSV-1 infection, as well as RBPs coded in the viral genome by applying unbiased proteomics-based methods. (deep-dv.org)
Furthermore, we show that G3BP1 functions in the novel paradigm of viral VPg-dependent translation initiation, contributing to the assembly of translation complexes on the VPg-linked viral positive sense RNA genome by facilitating ribosome recruitment. (liverpool.ac.uk)
LOCUS NC_001959 7654 bp ss-RNA linear VRL 13-AUG-2018 DEFINITION Norovirus GI, complete genome. (cdc.gov)

For the evaluation of the accuracy and reliability of the model in structure‑based drug design strategies, the crystal structure of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) helicase was used, complexed with a single‑stranded RNA, a key molecule for the establishment of interactions with a future inhibitor of the SPONV helicase. (spandidos-publications.com)
Their viral particles (virions) are small (~50 nm), spherical and enveloped, that incorporate a single-stranded RNA of 9.5-12.5 kb ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The Q motif is necessary for single-stranded RNA binding and for proper conformational dynamics in response to ATP binding and hydrolysis. (bellbrooklabs.com)
HCV is a small (50 nm) single-stranded RNA member of the flaviviridae family. (biomedcentral.com)
2006. RIG-I mediated antiviral responses to single-stranded RNA bearing 5'-phosphates. (invivogen.com)
Innate antiviral responses by means of TLR7-mediated recognition of single-stranded RNA. (scienceopen.com)
Single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) molecules of nonviral origin also induce TLR7-dependent production of inflammatory cytokines. (scienceopen.com)
We showed that influenza A virus infection does not generate dsRNA and that RIG-I is activated by viral genomic single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) bearing 5'-phosphates. (scienceopen.com)
Phylogenetic analysis of some large double-stranded RNA replicons from plants suggests they evolved from a defective single-stranded RNA virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
These ring helicases bind single stranded nucleic acid through their central channel and their subunits display a high degree of cooperativity, which is among the topic of our studies. (rutgers.edu)
Hepatitis C Virus is a single-stranded, positive RNA flavivirus that causes severe liver disease. (biotechafrica.com)
DENV is an single stranded RNA positive-strand virus of the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. (denguevirusnet.com)
The cystoviral hexameric NTPase, P4, uses chemical energy to translocate single-stranded RNA genomic precursors into the procapsid. (ox.ac.uk)

RIG-I is a cytoplasmic RNA helicase that belongs to the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) family and triggers an antiviral immune response by the activation of type-I interferons (IFN-α and -β) [1]. (invivogen.com)
2009. 5'-triphosphate RNA requires base-paired structures to activate antiviral signaling via RIG-I. PNAS 106(29):12067-72. (invivogen.com)
Many viruses encode their own helicases that are potential antiviral targets. (rutgers.edu)
This review addresses these topics and discusses the design of antiviral and antitumoral agents based on the knowledge of structures and functions of helicases. (eurekaselect.com)
The new research identifies the RNA helicase A/DHX9 protein as a potential target for new therapies that could neutralize its antiviral properties, thus improving the cancer-fighting potential of myxoma and other oncolytic viruses. (thescitech.com)
However, it is currently unknown what features make a particular DEAD-box helicase either pro-viral or antiviral. (uky.edu)
In this work, we succeeded in reversing the viral function of the antiviral DDX17-like RH30 DEAD-box helicase by converting it to a pro-viral helicase. (uky.edu)
We also turned the pro-viral DDX3-like RH20 helicase into an antiviral helicase through deletion of a unique N-terminal domain. (uky.edu)
Overall, these findings open up the possibility to turn the pro-viral host factors into antiviral factors, thus increasing the potential antiviral arsenal of the host for the benefit of agriculture and health science. (uky.edu)
S1 Fig. Comparison of amino acide sequences in the pro-viral RH20 and the antiviral RH30 DEAD-box helicases from Arabidopsis. (uky.edu)
The effect of deletions on the antiviral activity of RH30 DEAD-box helicase. (uky.edu)
Therefore, we hypothesize that RBPs are important modulators of viral transcription as well as transcription of the host's antiviral program. (deep-dv.org)
Componentes proteicos de los SISTEMAS CRISPR-CAS, de defensa antiviral en ARCHAEA y BACTERIAS. (bvsalud.org)

The recent fi ndings of viruses genetically related to human 2 JV12y/13i sequences were identical and contained the NoVs, as well as to animal NoV sequences in pigs and GLPSG amino acid motif characteristic of viral RNA poly- calves, have raised concerns about the possible emergence merases. (cdc.gov)
Like several other DDXs, most notably DDX3, it acts as a viral RNA sensor and contributes to immunity via type I interferon induction, but it is also hijacked by some viruses to enable their propagation. (bellbrooklabs.com)
The cell counters RNA viruses with innate immune pattern-recognition receptors, such as the RNA helicase RIG-I, which recognise particular viral RNA structural motifs (e.g. 5′ triphosphate-dsRNA) as non-self, thus activating a signalling pathway leading to interferon production and establishment of the anti-viral state. (embl.org)
We have extended our work on viral polymerases to those of other segmented negative-strand RNA viruses such as the large order of Bunyavirales . (embl.org)
Here we review studies of the interaction between human pathogenic respiratory RNA viruses and the host with a particular emphasis on the mechanisms used by viruses to inhibit immunity. (scienceopen.com)
These results identify ssRNA as a ligand for TLR7 and suggest that cells of the innate immune system sense endosomal ssRNA to detect infection by RNA viruses. (scienceopen.com)
Here we profile the transcriptomes of over 220 invertebrate species sampled across nine animal phyla and report the discovery of 1,445 RNA viruses, including some that are sufficiently divergent to comprise new families. (nature.com)
The identified viruses fill major gaps in the RNA virus phylogeny and reveal an evolutionary history that is characterized by both host switching and co-divergence. (nature.com)
Figure 2: Phylogenetic diversity of RNA viruses. (nature.com)
Figure 3: Genetic exchange among RNA viruses. (nature.com)
Unprecedented genomic diversity of RNA viruses in arthropods reveals the ancestry of negative-sense RNA viruses. (nature.com)
Koonin, E. V. The phylogeny of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of positive-strand RNA viruses. (nature.com)
Feschotte, C. & Gilbert, C. Endogenous viruses: insights into viral evolution and impact on host biology. (nature.com)
Recent in vitro studies show that RNA helicases are involved in immune responses toward viruses, serving as viral RNA sensors or immune signaling adaptors. (bvsalud.org)
Viruses, like all other organisms, synthesize their DNA or RNA genomes in a template-dependent manner. (eurekaselect.com)
Cytosolic viral RNA recognition by the helicases RIG-I and MDA5 is considered the major pathway for IFN-alpha/beta induction in response to RNA viruses. (ox.ac.uk)
Viruses replicating in the nucleus, such as Herpesviruses, Polyomaviruses, or Adenoviruses, affect the cellular RNA metabolism in two ways. (deep-dv.org)
While RNA virus recognition is well understood new pathways are constantly being elucidated and the receptor for DNA viruses is a subject of intense research. (researchdataservice.com)
Release of interferon after viral recognition signals to cells to induce the expression of a set of Interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) that activate anti-viral processes including AT7867 amplification of interferon signaling production of cytokines that activate adaptive immunity and many factors that directly inhibit viruses. (researchdataservice.com)
Our data uncovers a novel function for G3BP1 in the life cycle of positive sense RNA viruses and identifies the first host factor with pan-norovirus pro-viral activity. (liverpool.ac.uk)
RNA-Seq of untreated wastewater to assess COVID-19 and emerging and endemic viruses for public health surveillance. (cdc.gov)
In particular, the MDA5 protein recognizes a molecule called double-stranded RNA (a chemical cousin of DNA), which certain viruses, including rhinovirus (the virus that causes the common cold), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and the influenza (flu) virus, have as their genetic material or produce when they infect cells and copy (replicate) themselves. (medlineplus.gov)

2019) The DDX5/Dbp2 subfamily of DEAD-box RNA helicases. (bellbrooklabs.com)
A Co-Opted DEAD-Box RNA Helicase Enhances Tomb. (prolekarniky.cz)

Therefore, the present study proposes the three‑dimensional structure of the helicase/protease enzyme of SPONV through homology modeling, using the crystal structure of the Dengue virus‑4 helicase/protease of the same viral family as a template. (spandidos-publications.com)
Protease/ nucleotide triphosphatases and helicase activity used for viral RNA synthesis. (nbsbioscience.cn)
It is an essential viral protein with serine protease and RNA helicase activity. (biotechafrica.com)
Glecaprevir disrupts the intracellular processes of the viral life cycle by inhibiting the NS3/4A protease activity of cleaving downstream junctions of HCV polypeptide and proteolytic processing of mature structural protein. (saifpharma.com)
78 (9), 4827-4837 (2004) PUBMED 15078964 REFERENCE 2 (bases 1 to 7654) AUTHORS Liu,B.L., Viljoen,G.J., Clarke,I.N. and Lambden,P.R. TITLE Identification of further proteolytic cleavage sites in the Southampton calicivirus polyprotein by expression of the viral protease in E. coli JOURNAL J. Gen. Virol. (cdc.gov)

The RNA polymerases encoded by certain bacteriophages have a simple and economical organization, Interestingly, these polymerases show homology to mitochondrial and chloroplast RNA polymerases. (rutgers.edu)

DDX5 (Dead-Box 5 or p68) is a member of a family of 37 "DEAD-Box" ATP-dependent RNA helicases that play a role in nearly all aspects of RNA processing and also act as nucleic acid recognition receptors for viral immunity. (bellbrooklabs.com)
Interferons (IFNs) are critical for protection from viral infection, but the pathways linking virus recognition to IFN induction remain poorly understood. (scienceopen.com)
Here, we show that this requires endosomal recognition of influenza genomic RNA and signaling by means of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and MyD88. (scienceopen.com)
2009 . Recognition of 5' triphosphate by RIG-I helicase requires short blunt double-stranded RNA as contained in pandhandle of negative-strand virus. (invivogen.com)
Exosome RNA Unshielding Couples Stromal Activation to Pattern Recognition Receptor Signaling in Cancer. (invivogen.com)
The resulting polyprotein is subsequently cleaved by cellular and viral proteases at specific recognition sites. (denguevirusnet.com)
It is involved in viral double-stranded (ds) RNA recognition and the regulation of immune response. (cncb.ac.cn)
Recognition of distinctive viral nucleic acids as a pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by cellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) will lead to IFN induction. (researchdataservice.com)

The basal phosphorylated form of NS5A, which is maintained by the C-terminal serine cluster, is key in ensuring its interaction with the viral capsid protein, or the core protein. (saifpharma.com)

de la Cruz, J., Kressler, D., Tollervey, D. & Linder, P. Dob1p (Mtr4p) is a putative ATP-dependent RNA helicase required for the 3′ end formation of 5.8S rRNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . (nature.com)
A double-stranded RNA from a Phytophthora species is related to the plant endornaviruses and contains a putative UDP glycosyltransferase gene. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Helicases are enzymes that manipulate DNA and RNA in all aspects of nucleic acid metabolism. (uams.edu)
This helicase is involved in many aspects of DNA metabolism ranging from telomere maintenance to transcription. (uams.edu)
Targeting Polyamine Metabolism for Control of Human Viral Diseases. (cdc.gov)

Nonstructural protein 3 (NS3), is a nonstructural viral protein derived from the HCV polyprotein. (biotechafrica.com)

Development of DDX5 inhibitors will help to delineate the complex roles of DDX5 and other DEAD-Box helicase in cancer and viral infection and hopefully lead to development of improved therapeutic strategies. (bellbrooklabs.com)
Use of the Transcreener ® ADP 2 assay for detection of helicase-linked ATP hydrolysis is a robust, HTS-proven method for identifying and characterizing DEAD-Box helicase inhibitors. (bellbrooklabs.com)
Sci Rep. 2018) and nucleoside analogue, RNA synthesis inhibitors (Kouba et al . (embl.org)
In drug design against viral helicases, a number of viral helicase inhibitors have been developed and used in clinical studies. (eurekaselect.com)
Identifying helicase specific-inhibitors may lead to the development of drugs in the treatment of human cancers. (eurekaselect.com)
Hence, an antitumor therapy designed to interfere with both helicases and telomerases may be much more effective than the helicase or telomerase inhibitors alone. (eurekaselect.com)

DDX58/RIG-I, a sensor of cytoplasmic viral RNA and toll-like receptors (TLR) 3, 7, and 8, which bind RNA in endosomes, are conserved in pangolins. (frontiersin.org)
However, other cytoplasmic RNA sensors, including the double-stranded RNA-binding protein kinase R (PKR), have been implicated in IFN-alpha/beta production, although their relative contribution and mechanism have been unclear. (ox.ac.uk)
MARCH8 Targets Cytoplasmic Lysine Residues of Various Viral Envelope Glycoproteins. (cdc.gov)

Previous research has shown that infection with coronaviruses activates an innate immune response upon sensing of viral RNA by interferon-induced with helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1), also known as MDA5. (frontiersin.org)
These results identify RIG-I as a ssRNA sensor and potential target of viral immune evasion and suggest that its ability to sense 5'-phosphorylated RNA evolved in the innate immune system as a means of discriminating between self and nonself. (scienceopen.com)
Introduction Type I Interferon (IFN) is a key innate immune cytokine produced by cells to combat viral infections. (researchdataservice.com)
nsp14 also has the RNA capping activity and, in concert with nsp16, it caps viral plus strand and minus strand genomic and subgenomic RNAs, which confers stability to viral RNAs by enabling them to escape interferon-mediated innate immune responses of the host. (reactome.org)
Ross River Virus Immune Evasion Strategies and the Relevance to Post-viral Fatigue, and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Onset. (cdc.gov)
At least four genetic changes in the IFIH1 gene have been found to cause MDA5 deficiency, an immune system disorder (immunodeficiency) that leads to recurrent, severe viral infections in the lungs and airways (respiratory tract). (medlineplus.gov)
A lack of the important early immune response stimulated by interferons leads to severe viral infections in infants with MDA5 deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)

from the Toll like receptors (TLRs) as receptors for extracellular or endocytosed viral parts was a significant progress in understanding viral reputation in the IFN procedure1. (researchdataservice.com)

This releases the RNA into the cell and infection starts. (denguevirusnet.com)
Cellular and viral RBPs thus constitute a key layer in transcriptional regulation in virus infection. (deep-dv.org)

Members of this family also possess highly conserved ATPase and helicase domains, flanked by individually distinctive N and/or C-terminal motifs. (bellbrooklabs.com)
This gene encodes a protein containing RNA helicase-DEAD box protein motifs and a caspase recruitment domain (CARD). (cncb.ac.cn)

Structure, mechanism and crystallographic fragment screening of the SARS-CoV-2 NSP13 helicase. (ox.ac.uk)

Here, single-molecule high-resolution optical trapping measurements reveal that Mtr4p unwinds RNA duplexes by 3′-to-5′ translocation on the loading strand, that strand separation occurs in discrete steps of 6 base pairs and that a single Mtr4p molecule performs consecutive unwinding steps. (nature.com)
In agreement with general endornavirus features, BPEV contains a nick in the positive-strand RNA molecule. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Sloan, K.E., Bohnsack, M.T., Schneider, C. & Watkins, N.J. The roles of SSU processome components and surveillance factors in the initial processing of human ribosomal RNA. (nature.com)
It functions as an RNA chaperone, a transcriptional regulator, a facilitator of mRNA processing, an enabler of nonsense-mediated decay, an important player in R loop resolution, an aid in micro-RNA processing, and an instrument of ribosomal biogenesis. (bellbrooklabs.com)
Modulates viral translation initiation by interacting with viral IRES and 40S ribosomal subunit (By similarity). (proteopedia.org)

In a broader sense, viral and bacterial pathogens are among the strongest drivers of evolutionary change and the genomes of vertebrate species have been shaped, to a large extent, by adaptations to pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
The plus strand genomic RNA is first used to synthesize the minus strand genomic RNA complement, which is subsequently used as a template for synthesis of plus strand viral RNA genomes that are packaged into mature virions. (reactome.org)

Inclusion of Mtr4p within the TRAMP complex increases the rate constant for unwinding initiation but does not change the characteristics of Mtr4p's helicase mechanism. (nature.com)
We are studying a DNA helicase from Bacteriophage T4 called Dda (for DNA-Dependent-ATPase) in order to develop a detailed chemical and kinetic mechanism for DNA unwinding by this model DNA helicase. (uams.edu)
They reveal the existence of a new mechanism of TOP1/G4-dependent transcriptional repression conserved between viral and human genes. (cnrs.fr)
This mechanism contrasts with the known property of TOP1 as global transcriptional activator and offers new perspectives for anti-cancer and anti-viral strategies. (cnrs.fr)
We previously dissected the mechanism of RNA translocation for one such phage, 12, and have now investigated three further highly divergent, cystoviral P4 NTPases (from 6, 8 and 13). (ox.ac.uk)
Comparisons of these structures reveal details of conformational changes that provide insights into the helicase mechanism and possible modes of inhibition. (ox.ac.uk)

In addition to the E glycoprotein, only one other viral protein, NS1, has been associated with a role in protective immunity. (denguevirusnet.com)

To better apprehend how a RNA can act on gene expression regulation as part of a RiboNucleoProtein complex (RNP), we are also interested in specific RNP formations and processings. (ens-lyon.fr)

Also important for transcription is a capsidated RNA helicase, and two NTPases. (wikipedia.org)
Human noroviruses (NoVs) are the most frequent instructions and tested for the presence of NoV RNA by 2 cause of epidemic and sporadic acute gastroenteri- broadly reactive NoV conventional reverse transcription- tis worldwide among humans of all ages ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
A class of helicases assembles into hexamer rings including T7 DNA helicase and the Rho transcription termination factor. (rutgers.edu)
In the past decade, it became clear that RNA molecules are not merely a passive product of transcription, but themselves regulate it by many ways, for example via enhancer-associated RNAs or transcription factors-associated non-coding RNAs. (deep-dv.org)
For selected cellular and viral RBPs, target transcripts will be identified and the impact of RBPs on transcription and chromatin conformation will be examined. (deep-dv.org)

By contrast, IFIH1 a sensor of intracellular double-stranded RNA, has been inactivated by mutations in pangolins. (frontiersin.org)
Also the latest discovery from the RIG-I-like RNA Helicases as RNA pathogen sensors offers elucidated what sort of cell detects a dynamic intracellular pathogen disease2. (researchdataservice.com)
Shape 1 Aged and New Players in the Induction of IFN Furthermore to TBK1 with this pathway IFN induction through a LRRFIP1 mediated pathway was proven AT7867 in mouse peritoneal macrophages subjected to intracellular DNA or RNA. (researchdataservice.com)

Here, we performed a comparative genomics study of RNA sensor genes in three species of pangolins. (frontiersin.org)

The in vitro data show that Ded1p plays a role in enhancing plus-strand synthesis by the viral replicase. (prolekarniky.cz)
The data obtained with wt and ATPase deficient Ded1p mutants support the model that Ded1p unwinds local structures at the 3′-end of the TBSV (−)RNA, rendering the RNA compatible for initiation of (+)-strand synthesis. (prolekarniky.cz)

POLG_HCV77 Packages viral RNA to form a viral nucleocapsid, and promotes virion budding (Probable). (proteopedia.org)

The RNA helicase Mtr4p modulates polyadenylation in the TRAMP complex. (nature.com)
The C-terminal RGS-RGG (Arg-Gly-Ser-Arg-Gly-Gly) motif modulates DDX5-specific biological functions through its interaction with RNA and DDX3. (bellbrooklabs.com)

Wang, X., Jia, H., Jankowsky, E. & Anderson, J.T. Degradation of hypomodified tRNA(iMet) in vivo involves RNA-dependent ATPase activity of the DExH helicase Mtr4p. (nature.com)

The conserved Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ski2-like RNA helicase Mtr4p plays essential roles in eukaryotic nuclear RNA processing. (nature.com)
RNA helicases play roles in various essential biological processes such as RNA splicing and editing. (bvsalud.org)
The care-taker roles of helicases suggest that they might be suitable for targeting to prevent cell proliferation during carcinogenesis. (eurekaselect.com)

Johnson, S.J. & Jackson, R.N. Ski2-like RNA helicase structures: common themes and complex assemblies. (nature.com)

The viral cycle is located between mosquitoes and non-human primates, causing symptomatic infections of mild illness. (spandidos-publications.com)
We put forward the hypothesis that loss of IFIH1 and ZBP1 provided an evolutionary advantage by reducing inflammation-induced damage to host tissues and thereby contributed to a switch from resistance to tolerance of viral infections in pangolins. (frontiersin.org)
To cope with viral infections, vertebrate species have evolved response strategies which can be classified into resistance and tolerance ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
This notion is supported by the finding that bats tolerate many viral infections some of which have spread to humans causing zoonoses such as Ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
sexual and vertical transmission also occur, but at substantially lower rates than in other blood-borne viral infections. (biomedcentral.com)
90,000 animals died or were destroyed (www.oie.int). Experimental infections of pigs confirmed that isolates obtained after introduction of ASF into Armenia and the Russian Federation cause acute disease and result in high mortality rates (www.efsa.europa.eu/en/scdocs/scdoc/1556.htm). (cdc.gov)

The wide distribution of endornaviruses, large double-stranded RNA replicons with plasmid-like properties. (microbiologyresearch.org)
In the cell, the unwinding of double-stranded polynucleotides is catalyzed by helicases that are present in all kingdoms of life from virus to man. (eurekaselect.com)

In addition, we have developed an in vitro assay for Flock house virus (FHV), a small RNA virus of insects, that also demonstrated positive effect on FHV replicase activity by the added Ded1p helicase. (prolekarniky.cz)

RNA helicase activity of Mtr4p is critical for biological functions of the enzyme, but the molecular basis for RNA unwinding is not understood. (nature.com)
While both the ATP binding domain and the helicase domain share and cooperate in conformationally dictated ATP binding and hydrolysis, RNA binding, and helicase functions, the N-terminal Rec A-like domain principally orchestrates ATP binding and hydrolysis, while the C-terminal Rec A-like domain mainly controls RNA binding and helicase activities. (bellbrooklabs.com)
We are the Ph.D students of the Collaborative Research Center 455 (Sonderforschungsbereich, SFB 455) Viral functions and immunomodulation funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). (virology.ws)
ISGs with direct anti-viral functions remain poorly understood largely because they are virus-specific and can have multiple mechanisms. (researchdataservice.com)
We established recently how the viral protein Tax is able to interact and alter some functions of INT6/EIF3E and UPF1, especially in Nonsense Mediated mRNA Decay (NMD). (ens-lyon.fr)

In the past, we have been working on two cellular factors, the translation initiation factor INT6/EIF3E and the RNA helicase UPF1, that act at the crossroads of RNA translation and decay. (ens-lyon.fr)

Our guests will be Andrew Baker (adenovirus tropism and gene therapy), Karl-Klaus Conzelmann (genetics and host cell interplay of mononegavirales), Peter Palese (towards a universal influenza virus vaccine), and Katharina EisenÃ¤cher (RNA helicase RIG-I and its regulation). (virology.ws)
Regulation of RNA stability and translation are two key steps of cellular homeostasis. (ens-lyon.fr)

The interaction between E2 and host apolipoprotein E/APOE allows the proper assembly, maturation and infectivity of the viral particles (PubMed:25122793, PubMed:29695434). (proteopedia.org)

Amplifying those nucleic acids enables NAATs to detect very small amounts of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in a specimen, making these tests highly sensitive for diagnosing COVID-19. (cdc.gov)

Anderson, J.T. & Wang, X. Nuclear RNA surveillance: no sign of substrates tailing off. (nature.com)
Bernstein, J., Patterson, D.N., Wilson, G.M. & Toth, E.A. Characterization of the essential activities of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mtr4p, a 3′>5′ helicase partner of the nuclear exosome. (nature.com)
Schmidt, K. & Butler, J.S. Nuclear RNA surveillance: role of TRAMP in controlling exosome specificity. (nature.com)
Bernstein, J. & Toth, E.A. Yeast nuclear RNA processing. (nature.com)
van Hoof, A., Lennertz, P. & Parker, R. Yeast exosome mutants accumulate 3′-extended polyadenylated forms of U4 small nuclear RNA and small nucleolar RNAs. (nature.com)
RNA degradation by the exosome is promoted by a nuclear polyadenylation complex. (nature.com)
Callahan, K.P. & Butler, J.S. TRAMP complex enhances RNA degradation by the nuclear exosome component Rrp6. (nature.com)
S3 Fig. Confocal microscopy shows the nuclear localization of RH30ΔN helicase in plants. (uky.edu)

There are 180 identical copies of the envelope (E) protein attached to the surface of the viral membrane by a short transmembrane segment. (denguevirusnet.com)

Anatomy4

Organisms6

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs46

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes40

Information Science3

Health Care1

Replication56

Proteins32

Polymerase11

Genome15

Single-stranded13

Antiviral13

Viruses22

DEAD-box RNA2

Protease5

Polymerases1

Recognition8

Capsid1

Putative2

Metabolism3

Nonstructural1

Inhibitors6

Cytoplasmic3

Immune7

Receptors1

Infection2

Motifs2

NSP131

Molecule2

Ribosomal3

Genomes2

Mechanism6

Immunity1

Gene expression1

Transcription5

Intracellular3

Genes1

Synthesis2

Nucleocapsid1

Modulates2

ATPase1

Roles3

Structures1

Infections6

Double-stranded2

Vitro1

Functions5

Initiation1

Regulation2

Particles1

Nucleic Acids1

Nuclear8

Transmembrane1