Viral replication virus cultivation. Medical search. Frequent questions

In disseminated cytomegalovirus infections, as may be seen in the context of an immunosuppressed host, the virus is readily transmitted between polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PM-NLs) and endothelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
These molecular and cellular mechanisms are combined with the concepts of immunology to explain viral pathogenesis, nonspecific defenses, persistent infections, epidemiology, evolution, and control. (himpub.com)
This commentary discusses the use of nucleic acid (deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid) vaccines against viral infections and pandemic-like settings. (canada.ca)
The potential advantages of the nucleic acid vaccines over conventional vaccines are presented, and the nucleic acid vaccines currently in development against viral infections and the challenges these vaccines face entering clinical trial are discussed. (canada.ca)
In the past few decades, there has been rapid spread of numerous severe viral infections, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza A, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Ebola and Zika. (canada.ca)
The clinical manifestation of AIDS results from continuous replication of HIV in infected individuals that causes slow but steady decline of CD4 + T lymphocytes to levels that no longer control opportunistic infections [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Viral infections are often difficult to diagnose, and viral culture results can be falsely negative. (medscape.com)

HCMV infection is more widespread in developing countries and in communities with lower socioeconomic status and represents the most significant viral cause of birth defects in industrialized countries. (wikipedia.org)
Infection requires close, intimate contact with a person secreting the virus in their saliva, urine, or other bodily fluids. (wikipedia.org)
It also infects fibroblasts, which requires expression of only a trimeric viral receptor complex, rather than the full pentameric complex that is required for infection of endothelial and epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
Immediate early genes (0-4 hours after infection) are involved in the regulation of transcription, followed by early genes (4-48 hours after infection) which are involved in viral DNA replication and further transcriptional regulation. (wikipedia.org)
Late genes are expressed during the remainder of infection up to viral egress and typically code for structural proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Having studied the virology section, students should be easily able to understand many principles of virology and to explain individual manifestations of virus infection and the processes that bring them about. (himpub.com)
Infection with this type of hepatitis accompanies infection with hepatitis B virus because the delta antigen relies on hepatitis B virus for its replication. (cliffsnotes.com)
is a general expression for viral infection of the intestine. (cliffsnotes.com)
The Coxsackie virus is an RNA virus also capable of causing intestinal infection. (cliffsnotes.com)
Consequently, an equilibrium is established in the infected plant responsible for phenomena of full infection (the virus wins), recovery (the plant wins), meristem exclusion (silencing is most active in new growth), cross protection (silencing initiated by one virus is directed against a related virus) and synergism (the suppressors of two different viruses cooperate). (unibas.ch)
Finally plants recover fast from initial infection or even become immune to incoming virus. (unibas.ch)
The study of PRV replication and pathogenesis of the infection has been impeded by the inability to propagate PRV in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
The ex vivo infection model closely reflects the situation in vivo and can be used to study the infection and replication mechanisms of PRV, as well as the antiviral immune responses of salmonid erythrocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells may get killed by the infection of viruses. (biologyease.com)
In recent years, the increase in the incidence of HCC has been the result of a combination of factors, especially the phenotype caused by hepatitis B or C virus (HBV or HCV) infection [ 2 , 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). (lookformedical.com)
Virologists, those devoting their lives to the study of virus biology, knew that the virus' genome had a gene encoding a coat protein that surrounded the virus' genetic material and that was essential to its infection of plant cells. (umn.edu)
The human lymphoid aggregate culture (HLAC) from tonsil maintains the cell populations and cytokine milieu found in vivo , supports a productive infection without exogenous stimulation, and Nef contributes to efficient HIV-1 replication as well as CD4 + T cell depletion in this experimental ex vivo -model. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, we compared infection of macrophages, CD4(+) T cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) conferred by macrophage-tropic and non-macrophage-tropic envelopes in the context of full-length replication competent viral clones. (ox.ac.uk)

Even though a plethora of advanced research books in Virology are available at hand which explore all basic information about viruses, however no detailed study of viral genetics, replication, its pathogenesis and preventive measures of viral diseases can be found compiled in one single book, which can be easily availed by university level students and teachers. (himpub.com)
Using the SARS-CoV reverse genetics system 2 , we generated and characterized a chimeric virus expressing the spike of bat coronavirus SHC014 in a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV backbone. (nature.com)

Our antiviral strategy is to shift this equilibrium in favour of the plant by providing dsRNA cognate to the virus sequences. (unibas.ch)
Impaired antiviral response of adenovirus-transformed cell lines supports virus replication. (probiogen.de)

Additionally, in vivo experiments demonstrate replication of the chimeric virus in mouse lung with notable pathogenesis. (nature.com)
Analyzing which of Nef's activities contribute to HIV pathogenesis has been hampered by the lack of a cell culture model in which Nef exerts pronounced effects on HIV replication. (biomedcentral.com)
Non-macrophage-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 R5 envelopes predominate in blood, lymph nodes, and semen: implications for transmission and pathogenesis. (ox.ac.uk)

Microfusions between the cells then take place in a manner dependent on expression of the viral gene locus UL128L. (wikipedia.org)
Cell cultures have played a critical role in modern infectious disease research, particularly in the area of viruses and the expression of viral gene products," Bloom says. (the-scientist.com)
Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses. (lookformedical.com)
As discussed in the chapter on DNA, the genetic code is the sequence of bases along a strand of DNA, and is universal among all living organisms, enabling the transfer of a gene from a bacteria, virus, or any organism to a plant. (umn.edu)
The viral gene is engineered to be in the opposite orientation from its orientation in the virus. (umn.edu)
This opposite orientation of the viral gene, now acting as plant gene, effectively shuts down viral replication before it can cause disease, making the plant resistant. (umn.edu)
To introduce the engineered viral gene into the plant's chromosome without crossing, horticulturist John Sanford invented a means of introducing genes into plant cells by literally shooting the gene into the nucleus of a cell. (umn.edu)
Virus-induced host gene shutoff in animals and plants. (notulaebotanicae.ro)

Our plan for conveying this knowledge is to present, first the concepts of viral structure, and then relate them to principles of viral multiplication. (himpub.com)
Viruses are acellular pathogenic organisms that rely on the host cells for their multiplication and growth because of the lack of their own metabolic machinery. (biologyease.com)
The morphological changes that occurred in cells are linked with the multiplication of viruses. (biologyease.com)
Cells showing any cytopathic changes is an indication of multiplication of viruses and vice-versa. (biologyease.com)

An efficient in vitro cultivation system would be a highly desired tool of PRV research. (biomedcentral.com)
Subsequent in vitro cultivation of T cells confirmed HHV-6's reactivation in T cells. (medicaltrend.org)

Virology is the study of viruses which are ultramicroscopic, parasitic particles of genetic material contained in a protein coat and viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity. (himpub.com)

Nearly 75% of the genes encoded by HCMV strain AD169 can be deleted and still result in the production of infectious virus. (wikipedia.org)
On the basis of these findings, we synthetically re-derived an infectious full-length SHC014 recombinant virus and demonstrate robust viral replication both in vitro and in vivo . (nature.com)
The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses ( PROVIRUSES ) or PROPHAGES of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and then released as infectious viruses. (lookformedical.com)
Virus shedding is an important means of vertical transmission (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL). (lookformedical.com)

The importance of a virus is not due to the virus itself, but to the hosts they infect and affect, and many viruses are imperative because they cause diseases in humans, animals, or crops. (himpub.com)
Viruses and constantly emerging novel viral diseases have been at the interiors of human health, biological science, agriculture, and medicine for millennia. (himpub.com)
Now a day's monolayer cell cultures are most widely used in diagnostic and research purposes in viral diseases. (biologyease.com)
Cell culture technique is used for isolation of viruses from the clinical specimens and for diagnosis of viral diseases. (biologyease.com)
Number of viruses are used for the production of Vaccines against different viral diseases. (biologyease.com)
In response to the pressing need for an efficient viricide to combat viral diseases, we proudly introduce Viro Raze - a revolutionary, broad-spectrum botanical-based organic bio viricide that has been meticulously formulated to specifically counteract this viral menace. (kaybeebio.com)
Respiratory viruses infect the human upper respiratory tract, mostly causing mild diseases. (mdpi.com)
In addition, many of these viruses represent zoonoses (zoonotic diseases), increasing the risk of introducing a virus with completely new immunogenic properties into the human population. (canada.ca)
Furthermore, it is impossible to predict the characteristics of these viruses, the severity of the diseases they might induce and the scope of the outbreaks they can cause. (canada.ca)
Virus diseases caused by the HERPESVIRIDAE. (lookformedical.com)
A general term for diseases produced by viruses. (lookformedical.com)

This necessitates need of such a book which includes classification, cultivation, and study of all type of viruses in a simplified way which is easy to understand for under graduate and postgraduate students of various academia all over the country. (himpub.com)

Moreover, they infect cells with viruses, or express individual viral proteins, to follow the virus's actions and the host cell response. (the-scientist.com)
Proteins found in any species of virus. (lookformedical.com)
Proteins associated with the inner surface of the lipid bilayer of the viral envelope. (lookformedical.com)
These proteins have been implicated in control of viral transcription and may possibly serve as the "glue" that binds the nucleocapsid to the appropriate membrane site during viral budding from the host cell. (lookformedical.com)

In this study we developed an ex vivo cultivation system for PRV in Atlantic salmon erythrocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Crucially for virologists, cell lines tend to mount an abnormal immune response, so they may not defend themselves against viruses as cells would in vivo. (the-scientist.com)

Human Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses: Underestimated Opportunistic Pathogens of the Central Nervous System? (mdpi.com)
Respiratory viruses can also exacerbate asthma and lead to various types of respiratory distress syndromes. (mdpi.com)
The goal of the present study was to isolate and characterize equine lung-derived DCs (L-DCs) for use in studies of respiratory viruses and compare their features with equine blood-derived DCs (B-DCs), which are currently used for these types of studies. (biomedcentral.com)

Outbreaks can, however, be quickly and effectively controlled with preventive strategies based upon early accurate viral diagnosis, knowledge of the current epidemiological season and effective hygiene practices to decrease the risk of transmission [ 8 ]. (springer.com)

Viruses are not able to grow on culture media as that of bacteria and they require healthy living cells called host cells. (biologyease.com)
A ≥ 5 log 10 (99.999%) decrease of bacteria and ≥ 4 log 10 (99.99%) reduction in viral titre represented effective bactericidal and virucidal activity, respectively, per European standards. (springer.com)
It is estimated that 50% or less of those individuals infected with enteric viruses or bacteria actually become ill (Haas et al. (scienceopen.com)
This chapter describes basic principles of ecology and evolution for waterborne viruses, bacteria, and protozoa (and yeasts and molds to a lesser extent) of public health concern as an aid to better understand how selective forces may alter one's ability to assess the microbial quality of water. (nationalacademies.org)
Growing the bacteria on highly selective media allows cultivation within 1-2 weeks, although identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing may take longer. (medscape.com)

Nuclear antigens encoded by VIRAL GENES found in HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 4. (lookformedical.com)

Bulk preparation of the viral suspension is required for the production of vaccines which can be obtained with the help of the chick embryo technique. (biologyease.com)
This pandemic, as defined by the World Health Organization, is "an epidemic occurring worldwide, or over a very wide area, crossing international boundaries and usually affecting a large number of people" Footnote 1 , led the scientific and medical communities to initiate serious efforts to limit the wave of viral spread by developing preventative vaccines. (canada.ca)
A vaccine (or vaccines) against SARS-CoV-2 would help develop community immunity against the virus and thus prevent the spread and recurrence of the disease at the population level. (canada.ca)
Furthermore, conventional vaccines pose challenges with commercial production, as they require whole pathogen cultivation and propagation, which require the use of biosafety level labs. (canada.ca)
Growing viruses in cell cultures allowed preparation of purified viruses for the manufacture of vaccines . (wikipedia.org)

Before delving into CAR-T cell research, the team examined various viruses known for latent replication cycles and reactivation in T cells. (medicaltrend.org)
Furthermore, we discuss recent findings on EBV associated gastric carcinogenesis by focusing on the roles of latent genes, epigenetic abnormalities, genomic alterations, and post-transcriptional regulation by cellular and viral microRNAs (miRNAs). (spandidos-publications.com)

Since viruses infect cells by moving their genetic material into the host cells nucleus, they are helpful in the investigation of the functions of cells. (himpub.com)

Viral silencing suppressors interfere with one or another step in the silencing pathway, by inhibiting e.g. dicing or slicing. (unibas.ch)
Egg lacks their own defense mechanism and hence do not interfere with the cultivation of viruses. (biologyease.com)
However, viruses including alphaherpesvirinae have developed strategies to interfere with the function or maturation of DCs, causing immune dysfunction and avoidance of pathogen elimination. (biomedcentral.com)

RAB18 binds to NS5A to improve the interaction between sites of viral replication and lipid droplets [ 20 ]. (hindawi.com)

The guide-strand forms together with the Slicer protein AGO a "RISC"-complex which recognizes and cleaves cognate, i.e. in our case viral RNA. (unibas.ch)
The inclusions resembled viral factories and contained both PRV protein and dsRNA. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, to examine the emergence potential (that is, the potential to infect humans) of circulating bat CoVs, we built a chimeric virus encoding a novel, zoonotic CoV spike protein-from the RsSHC014-CoV sequence that was isolated from Chinese horseshoe bats 1 -in the context of the SARS-CoV mouse-adapted backbone. (nature.com)
The hybrid virus allowed us to evaluate the ability of the novel spike protein to cause disease independently of other necessary adaptive mutations in its natural backbone. (nature.com)
The coat protein protects the virus as it is transmitted from plant to plant, and is essential for replication. (umn.edu)
Determination of HIV-1 replication revealed that enhancement of the virus spread by Nef is governed by a complex set of protein interaction surfaces. (biomedcentral.com)

Of all herpes viruses, HCMV harbors the most genes dedicated to altering (evading) innate and adaptive host immunity and represents a lifelong burden of antigenic T cell surveillance and immune dysfunction. (wikipedia.org)
While HCMV encodes for its own functional DNA polymerase, the virus makes use of the host RNA polymerase for the transcription of all of its genes. (wikipedia.org)
We will construct variants that target all these viruses, including those that mimic natural micro (mi)RNAs or transacting (ta)siRNAs down-regulating host genes, and those provided with constitutive or virus-inducible promoters. (unibas.ch)

Efficient and stable production of Modified Vaccinia Ankara virus in two-stage semi-continuous and in continuous stirred tank cultivation systems. (probiogen.de)
Purification of modified vaccinia virus Ankara from suspension cell culture. (probiogen.de)
Boosting Upstream, Downstream Processing: To Expedite Biomanufacturing, Deploy a New Genotype of Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara. (probiogen.de)
A genotype of modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) that facilitates replication in suspension cultures in chemically defined medium. (probiogen.de)
In 1913, E. Steinhardt, C. Israeli, and R. A. Lambert grew vaccinia virus in fragments of guinea pig corneal tissue. (wikipedia.org)
Rabbitpox virus is a subspecies of VACCINIA VIRUS . (lookformedical.com)

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses. (lookformedical.com)

Previous research demonstrated that DCs have strong potential for anti-viral defense in the host. (biomedcentral.com)

CMV is a double-stranded DNA virus. (wikipedia.org)
Synthesis of the viral double-stranded DNA genome occurs at the host cell nucleus within specialized viral replication compartments. (wikipedia.org)
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), also known as human herpes virus 4, is a gamma-herpes virus that consists of double-stranded DNA of ~170 kb in length. (spandidos-publications.com)

Some viruses can be detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay or by detection of antibodies to the virus. (medscape.com)

Further studies involving CAR-T cells from four donors revealed HHV-6 activation during cultivation, with increasing levels of HHV-6 nucleic acid over time. (medicaltrend.org)

Another surprising suggestion is garlic to combat grimy toes.It's said that rubbing some fresh garlic or even freshly juiced variety onto warts can gradually help them disappear when its virucidal allicin hits molecules on surface of viral cells,destroying their nucleus without arousing damage negative impact towards healthy cells.Garlic is an immune system booster too! (dane101.com)

Together these concepts form the basis for understanding how viruses are classified, how they affect cells, and how their genetic system functions. (himpub.com)
Viruses whose genetic material is RNA. (lookformedical.com)

The virus is extremely fragile and passes directly from person to person, primarily in blood and semen. (cliffsnotes.com)
Hepatitis C is caused by an RNA virus transmitted by blood and semen. (cliffsnotes.com)

In eukaryotes, subsequent activation and viral replication is thought to be caused by extracellular stimulation of cellular transcription factors. (lookformedical.com)

Immunity to mumps is rendered by an injection of the MMR vaccine , using attenuated mumps virus. (cliffsnotes.com)

This insidious virus not only causes visible damage to chilli crops but also puts a shadow of economic uncertainty over farmers and food security worldwide. (kaybeebio.com)
Chilli leaf curl virus poses the most destructive to chilli production, and its repercussions extend far beyond the visible damage to crops. (kaybeebio.com)
Traditional farming practices provide only limited relief, and the virus continues to damage chilli crops and hazards the livelihoods of those dependent on chilli cultivation. (kaybeebio.com)
Their contributions include herbicide tolerance for improved weed control, resistance to insect and viral pests, and improved health benefits for crops. (umn.edu)
Occurrence of viruses in field-grown pepper crops and some of their reservoir weed hosts in Samsun, Turkey. (notulaebotanicae.ro)

Researchers also use cells as biological test tubes to grow viral stocks. (the-scientist.com)
Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response. (lookformedical.com)

The results indicate that group 2b viruses encoding the SHC014 spike in a wild-type backbone can efficiently use multiple orthologs of the SARS receptor human angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2), replicate efficiently in primary human airway cells and achieve in vitro titers equivalent to epidemic strains of SARS-CoV. (nature.com)
Our work suggests a potential risk of SARS-CoV re-emergence from viruses currently circulating in bat populations. (nature.com)
Considering the severity of the health crisis that SARS-CoV-2 has caused worldwide, and with so little known about the virus, our focus should be drawn towards approaches that can bring better development outcomes in a relatively short period of time. (canada.ca)
PVP-I was tested against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae according to bactericidal quantitative suspension test EN13727 and against severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV), rotavirus strain Wa and influenza virus A subtype H1N1 according to virucidal quantitative suspension test EN14476. (springer.com)
PVP-I gargle/mouthwash diluted 1:30 (equivalent to a concentration of 0.23% PVP-I) showed effective bactericidal activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae and rapidly inactivated SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, influenza virus A (H1N1) and rotavirus after 15 s of exposure. (springer.com)
In addition to seasonal endemic viruses, emerging and re-emerging virus outbreaks such as severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV) require close contact for human-to-human transmission and can spread nosocomially [ 5 , 6 ]. (springer.com)
Respiratory pathogens such as influenza are also transmitted via airborne dispersion of small particle aerosols (≤ 5 µm) when an infected individual breathes, coughs or sneezes [ 11 ], while respiratory syncytial viruses, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV can be spread by large droplets propelled through the air and inoculated into the eyes, nose and mouth at close range [ 12 ]. (springer.com)

This suggests that the virus focuses on avoiding the host immune system for a timely entrance into latency. (wikipedia.org)
This suggests that the cultivation time of CAR-T cells is crucial for HHV-6 activation, a conclusion supported by longer cultivation times in allogeneic CAR-T cells. (medicaltrend.org)
The uniformity of the numbers of terminal repeats (TRs) among EBV positive carcinoma cells reflects the clonal origin of a tumor and suggests that EBV is a causative virus for gastric carcinoma ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

During cultivation a significant increase in viral load was observed by RT-qPCR and flow cytometry, which coincided with the formation of cytoplasmic inclusions. (biomedcentral.com)

For example, influenza A virus/H1N1 led to a phase 6 pandemic alert in 2009 but caused relatively mild symptoms compared with the 1918 pandemic (the "Spanish flu") that resulted in the death of 50 million people Footnote 2 . (canada.ca)
High cell density cultivations by alternating tangential flow (ATF) perfusion for influenza A virus production using suspension cells. (probiogen.de)

When she started her own lab, Kaushic decided to investigate how the sexually transmitted viruses HIV and herpes simplex 2 interact with those same cell types. (the-scientist.com)
A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily ALPHAHERPESVIRINAE, consisting of herpes simplex-like viruses. (lookformedical.com)

Human betaherpesvirus 5, also called human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), is species of virus in the genus Cytomegalovirus, which in turn is a member of the viral family known as Herpesviridae or herpesviruses. (wikipedia.org)

Propagation of viruses infecting waterfowl on continuous cell lines of Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) origin. (probiogen.de)
New avian suspension cell lines provide production of influenza virus and MVA in serum-free media: studies on growth, metabolism and virus propagation. (probiogen.de)

For each fecal filtrate, data represent mean viral RNA increase from 3 experiments with 3 technical replicates each. (cdc.gov)
A major cause is the rotavirus , a virus transmitted by the fecal‐oral route and capable of causing severe diarrhea. (cliffsnotes.com)

This approach avoids potentially selective culture protocols used in virus isolation. (ox.ac.uk)

Hepatitis A. Hepatitis A is caused by an RNA virus usually placed in the Picornaviridae family. (cliffsnotes.com)
Immunization may be rendered with an injection of the hepatitis A vaccine containing inactivated viruses. (cliffsnotes.com)
The hepatitis A virus is extremely resistant and remains active outside the body in the environment. (cliffsnotes.com)
Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B , also called serum hepatitis , is caused by a DNA virus that is classified in the Hepadnaviridae. (cliffsnotes.com)
Injections of gamma globulin containing hepatitis B antibodies are used for passive immunization in those infected by the virus. (cliffsnotes.com)
The majority of virus studies use such lines, says Mohsan Saeed, a postdoctoral associate at Rockefeller University in New York City and at the Center for the Study of Hepatitis C , a collaboration of Rockefeller, Weill Cornell Medical College, and New York-Presbyterian Hospital. (the-scientist.com)

A first step in developing GMO papaya was to understand the virus, its genome, and its replication. (umn.edu)

Replication of Norovirus in cell culture reveals a tropism for dendritic cells and macrophages. (cdc.gov)
Addressing concerns about the CAR-T cell production process triggering HHV-6 reactivation, the team conducted a 19-day replication of the standard CAR-T cell manufacturing process and found no evidence of HHV-6 activation. (medicaltrend.org)
They proposed a model where HHV-6 reactivation is a random event influenced by various factors during cell cultivation and intrinsic differences in host cells. (medicaltrend.org)
Cultivation of viruses in the cell line method. (biologyease.com)
The growth of the viruses in the cell line can be detected by changes in the morphology of infected cells. (biologyease.com)
Cell culture is the most convenient and advanced technique used for the cultivation of viruses. (biologyease.com)
Biochemical studies like the replication of viruses are also studied by the cell line method. (biologyease.com)
Not all types of viruses are grown by this cell line method. (biologyease.com)
That's why virologists need cell cultures, but to wield those cultures well they must understand both viruses and host cells. (the-scientist.com)
Here, The Scientist examines the decisions virologists must make, and techniques they can apply, as they design virus-cell culture systems. (the-scientist.com)
If a virus turns out to be picky, several cell lines, such as HeLa, welcome a variety of viruses, Bloom says. (the-scientist.com)
Continuous influenza virus production in cell culture shows a periodic accumulation of defective interfering particles. (probiogen.de)
This vaccine was made possible by the cell culture research of John Franklin Enders , Thomas Huckle Weller , and Frederick Chapman Robbins , who were awarded a Nobel Prize for their discovery of a method of growing the virus in monkey kidney cell cultures. (wikipedia.org)
Consistently, in HLAC from 9 out of 14 donors, Nef enhanced CD4 + T cell depletion in the absence of a significant effect on virus replication. (biomedcentral.com)
Despite our expanding knowledge on the molecular details of the multi-faceted interactions of HIV with its host, the basic question of which viral factors and cell death mechanisms contribute to the loss of CD4 + T lymphocytes in HIV infected patients has not been entirely solved. (biomedcentral.com)
EBV was the first virus to be associated with human malignancy, which was discovered from a Burkitt's lymphoma cell line in 1964 ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Special stains or PCR assays for viruses, chlamydia, fungi, and mycobacteria should be included in selected patients. (medscape.com)

During the initial isolation of 13 individuals with COVID-19 at the University of Nebraska Medical Center, we collected air and surface samples to examine viral shedding from isolated individuals. (nature.com)
We detected viral contamination among all samples, supporting the use of airborne isolation precautions when caring for COVID-19 patients. (nature.com)
Our project involves isolation, sequencing and cloning of the I/SL/ACV virus populations and their satellites occurring in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. (unibas.ch)
The Chick embryo technique is the first technique used for the isolation of viruses. (biologyease.com)

Inoculate the cells with the viral suspension by using the Pasteur pipette in the flask. (biologyease.com)
Live attenuated influenza viruses produced in a suspension process with avian AGE1.CR.pIX cells. (probiogen.de)

Viruses have been used extensively in molecular and cellular biology studies. (himpub.com)
Some of our supreme confront and conquests have involved viruses, which have proved to be best tools in the study of molecular and cellular biology. (himpub.com)

however, experts question the presence of viable virus and the implication for transmission through fomites contaminated by the direct contact of the infected person or the settling of virus-laden particles onto the surface 5 . (nature.com)
The expelling of virus particles from the body. (lookformedical.com)

Managing disease necessitates not only addressing the virus itself but also reducing the population of its vectors. (kaybeebio.com)

The obvious place to start is with cells that match the animal and tissue that naturally host the virus. (the-scientist.com)
The researchers always had to keep in mind that they were studying the virus in an atypical host. (the-scientist.com)

Recent virus epidemics and rising antibiotic resistance highlight the importance of hygiene measures to prevent and control outbreaks. (springer.com)

2001). The toilet flush study was designed to replicate the number of virus released from an infected individual. (scienceopen.com)

As a result, more siRNAs are produced, more virus RNA is destroyed and more systemic silencing signal reaches the growing tissue. (unibas.ch)

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