• The Company is advancing multiple product candidates with distinct mechanisms of action that suppress viral replication, reduce surface antigen and reawaken the immune system. (biospace.com)
  • ACIP also recommends that vaccinated HCP receive postvaccination serologic testing (antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen [anti-HBs]) 1-2 months after the final dose of vaccine is administered (CDC. (cdc.gov)
  • A functional cure, or hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) loss, is difficult to achieve in patients with hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B. The HBV vaccine and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) have been reported to help reduce HBsAg levels and promote HBsAg loss. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • For example, a hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) level of less than 1 s/c is considered negative, while a level more than 5 s/c is considered positive. (medscape.com)
  • Routine screening of donor blood for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) has nearly eliminated the previously common posttransfusion transmission, but transmission through needles shared by drug users remains common. (msdmanuals.com)
  • HBV) DNA loss with d detection of antibodies against HBeAg) or - until Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroconversion or - until loss of efficacy (see section 4.4). (who.int)
  • HAV infection can be differentiated from other viral hepatitides by identifying elevated anti-HAV immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the serum. (medscape.com)
  • Some multiplex molecular assays are available that can detect influenza viral nucleic acids and distinguish influenza virus infection from other respiratory pathogens and may also be useful for management of severely immunosuppressed patients, or for use in identifying the cause of an institutional outbreak of respiratory illness. (cdc.gov)
  • We discuss the different vectored vaccines that have been or are currently in clinical trials, with a forward-looking focus on immunogens that may be protective against seasonal and pandemic influenza infection, in the context of viral-vectored vaccines. (mdpi.com)
  • Infection and depletion of CD4(+) T helper cells interfere with CTL memory generation, resulting in persistent viral replication and disease progression. (nih.gov)
  • Using multiplex immunohistochemistry, we detected SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NP) in the appendix (Figure 1A-B) and breast (Figure 1C-D), supporting the persistence of residual viral particles in these tissues for more than a year after infection. (researchsquare.com)
  • The virus exploits the host machinery to facilitate efficient viral replication, which ultimately leads to progression of infection. (news-medical.net)
  • Viral tests (nucleic acid or antigen detection tests) are used to assess acute infection, whereas antibody tests provide evidence of prior infection with SARS-CoV-2. (medscape.com)
  • Interferons are produced by a wide variety of cells in response to the presence of double-stranded RNA , a key indicator of viral infection. (wikidoc.org)
  • Interferons assist the immune response by inhibiting viral replication within host cells, activating natural killer cells, increasing antigen presentation to lymphocytes, and inducing the resistance of host cells to viral infection. (wikidoc.org)
  • NUCs may repress the movement of HBV polymerase, in this manner hindering viral replication and diminishing the infection stack, which was the short-term objective. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Besides, after start of antiviral treatment HCV RNA viral energy can be utilized for expectation of virologic reaction and estimation of HCV RNA at distinctive time focuses is utilized for fitting treatment term in patients with persistent hepatitis C. HBV DNA viral stack levels are emphatically related with infection movement to liver cirrhosis and HCC. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Viral antigens - NS1 protein appears before antibodies during acute infection. (healthcarentsickcare.com)
  • Viral isolation from blood - Growth in cell culture means current infection. (healthcarentsickcare.com)
  • Moderna Inc. mRNA-1647 vaccine is designed to produce an immune response to both pentamer and gB antigens to prevent CMV infection. (precisionvaccinations.com)
  • Infection with this type of hepatitis accompanies infection with hepatitis B virus because the delta antigen relies on hepatitis B virus for its replication. (cliffsnotes.com)
  • is a general expression for viral infection of the intestine. (cliffsnotes.com)
  • Presence of the antigen longer than 6 months after initial exposure indicates chronic infection. (medscape.com)
  • We tested for HCV antibody and HCV core antigen as markers for exposure to HCV and active infection, respectively. (who.int)
  • The choice of [HA410 trade name] to treat antiretroviral-experienced patients with HIV-1 infection should be based on individual viral resistance testing and/or the treatment history of the patient. (who.int)
  • Pegasys is indicated for the treatment of hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg)-positive or HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in adult patients with compensated liver disease and evidence of viral replication, increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and histologically verified liver inflammation and/or fibrosis. (roche.com)
  • It is also indicated for the treatment of HBeAg-positive CHB in non-cirrhotic children and adolescents 3 years of age and older with evidence of viral replication and persistently elevated serum ALT levels. (roche.com)
  • Treatment of adult patients with chronic hepatitis B associated with evidence of hepatitis-B viral replication (presence of DNA of hepatitis-B virus (HBV-DNA) and hepatitis-B antigen (HBeAg), elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and histologically proven active liver inflammation and / or fibrosis. (europa.eu)
  • In hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) positive persistent hepatitis B, unconstrained or treatment-induced clearance of HBeAg and seroconversion to anti-HBe is ordinarily taken after by a longterm period of low-level replication, which may be named supported virologic reaction (SVR). (alliedacademies.org)
  • Since HBeAg is produced only during replication of the virus, it can also be used to indirectly determine the state of HBV in the hepatocyte. (medscape.com)
  • In patients who are positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg-positive patients) without cirrhosis, treatment should be continued - for at least 6-12 months after confirmed BeAg seroconversion (i.e. (who.int)
  • In particular, the authors monitored two specific molecules, RIG-1 and STAT1, involved in interferon signaling and found that the levels of these proteins correlate with viral loads. (asbmb.org)
  • The virus can also be modified to produce human signaling proteins that summon immune cells to the site of the lysed tumors, where they encounter tumor antigens. (amgen.com)
  • A virus that can produce human signally proteins to summon immune cells to the site of the tumor and teach them to recognize and target tumors with similar antigen profiles. (amgen.com)
  • Non-structural proteins (NSP) are produced during viral replication. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • The inactivated vaccines consist of purified viral particle without or with only minor contaminants of NSP and thus induce antibody mainly against structural proteins of virus. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • Progression to malignancy is associated with the expression of viral proteins whose primary function is to drive virus replication by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis and the recognition of infected cells by the immune system. (ki.se)
  • The genes of the virus have been expressed from the cDNA copies of the genome in E. coli and the viral proteins are now being studied, in particular the viral RNA-directed RNA polymerase P2. (cuny.edu)
  • Proteins encoded by a VIRAL GENOME that are not structural components of VIRUS PARTICLES. (bvsalud.org)
  • Some of these proteins may play roles within the infected cell during VIRUS REPLICATION or act in regulation of virus replication or VIRUS ASSEMBLY. (bvsalud.org)
  • HA410 trade name] is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in adults with: · compensated liver disease and evidence of immune active disease, i.e. active viral replication, persistently elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and histological evidence of active inflammation and/or fibrosis. (who.int)
  • HBsAg usually appears 4 weeks after viral exposure but can be detected any time after the first week. (medscape.com)
  • Currently, there are three basic types of tests to determine if an individual has been infected with SARS-CoV-2: viral nucleic acid (RNA) detection, viral antigen detection, and detection of antibodies to the virus. (medscape.com)
  • Hookipa's proprietary arenavirus-based technologies, VaxWave, a replication-deficient viral vector, and TheraT, a replication-attenuated viral vector, are designed to induce antigen specific cytotoxic T cells and pathogen-neutralizing antibodies for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes activating body's immune response. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
  • Expression of the Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen-1 (EBNA-1) in the mouse can elicit the production of anti-dsDNA and anti-Sm antibodies. (cuny.edu)
  • There are a number of alternate vaccination strategies in current development which may circumvent the need for annual re-vaccination, including new platform technologies such as viral-vectored vaccines. (mdpi.com)
  • These therapeutic methods, including but not limited to oncolytic virus therapies, T-cell therapies and cancer vaccines, are based on the body's ability to recognize mutated antigen peptides presented on the cell surface by MCH-receptors (also known as HLA-receptors in humans) and the disposal of the malignant cells by cytotoxic T-cells. (helsinki.fi)
  • Achieving sufficient worldwide vaccination coverage against SARS-CoV-2 will require additional approaches to currently approved viral vector and mRNA vaccines. (nature.com)
  • Here, we present a new generation of subunit vaccines targeting viral antigens to CD40-expressing antigen-presenting cells. (nature.com)
  • MHC class II invariant chain-adjuvanted viral vectored vaccines enhances T cell responses in humans. (hervolutiontx.com)
  • Unfortunately, influenza vaccine composition needs to be updated annually due to antigenic shift and drift in the viral immunogen hemagglutinin (HA). (mdpi.com)
  • The antigens are now considered to be targets for HIV vaccine development. (ajol.info)
  • The antigens were also successfully purified in bulk from the bacterium.Salmonella can therefore potentially be used to overexpress HIV-1 antigens and used as a possible delivery system in HIV-1 vaccine development. (ajol.info)
  • It is a bivalent vaccine containing two recombinant, replication-deficient lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (rLCMV) vectors, one expressing the pp65 protein and one expressing the gB protein of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
  • The potential of adenoviral vaccine vectors with altered antigen presentation capabilities. (hervolutiontx.com)
  • Menactra vaccine contains N meningitidis serogroup 8 A, C, Y and W-135 capsular polysaccharide antigens individually conjugated to diphtheria toxoid 9 protein. (precisionvaccinations.com)
  • MV-LASV vaccine candidate is a recombinant, live-attenuated, viral vectored vaccine. (precisionvaccinations.com)
  • MVA-M1+NP vaccine candidate consists of MVA, a replication-deficient pox viral vector that has been safely tested in thousands of patients, to generate a strong immune reaction against Matrix 1 (M1) and Nucleoprotein (NP) influenza antigens. (precisionvaccinations.com)
  • Can enhance viral replication of HDV via A-to-I editing at a site designated as amber/W, thereby changing an UAG amber stop codon to an UIG tryptophan (W) codon that permits synthesis of the large delta antigen (L-HDAg) which has a key role in the assembly of viral particles. (thermofisher.com)
  • Our study indicates that co-expression of GP and VP40 antigens based on the SFV replicon vector generates EBOV VLPs in vitro , and vaccination with recombinant DREP vectors containing GP and VP40 antigens induces Ebola antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. (frontiersin.org)
  • We utilized established viral vectors, the replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus serotype 63 (ChAd63), and the attenuated orthopoxvirus modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), encoding RH5 from the 3D7 clone of P. falciparum. (jci.org)
  • Glycoprotein (GP) is the major protective antigen of EBOV, and can generate virus-like particles (VLPs) by co-expression with matrix protein (VP40). (frontiersin.org)
  • oBST-2A prevents the release of JSRV/enJSRV viral particles by 'tethering' them at the cell membrane similarly to what observed by human BST-2. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Several lines of evidence obtained in this thesis suggest that oBST-2B reduces significantly Env incorporation into viral particles. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Novel adenovirus encoded virus-like particles displaying the placental malaria associated VAR2CSA antigen. (hervolutiontx.com)
  • Stimulates both the release and infectivity of HIV-1 viral particles by an editing-dependent mechanism where it associates with viral RNAs and edits adenosines in the 5'UTR and the Rev and Tat coding sequence. (thermofisher.com)
  • They enhance viral replication and down-regulate expression of MHC Class I molecules, respectively. (ajol.info)
  • The researchers say this heralds the application of these molecules as chemical probes to explore viral biology and produce specific antivirals targeting RNA regions of the coronavirus genome. (news-medical.net)
  • and viral genome condensation for virion assembly. (news-medical.net)
  • Specifically, they identified the presence of stem-loops at the 5' end of the RNA genome and other structures involved in frameshifting and replication. (news-medical.net)
  • This eventually leads to an inhibition of replication, transcription and translation of the viral genome, followed by its degradation and recruitment of immune cells. (asbmb.org)
  • Furthermore, interferon leads to upregulation of MHC I and therefore to increased presentation of viral peptides to cytotoxic CD8 T cells, as well as to a change in the proteasome (exchange of some beta subunits by b1i, b2i, b5i - then known as the immunoproteasome) which leads to increased production of MHC I compatible peptides. (wikidoc.org)
  • Immune response to a viral antigen is wide-ranging, from an interferon-mediated antiviral response to downstream events that activate transcription factors. (asbmb.org)
  • The work presented in this thesis focuses on the ovine bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (Bst-2)/ tetherin, a recently identified cellular restriction factor with a broad antiviral activity, and its interaction with sheep Betaretroviruses. (gla.ac.uk)
  • In this study, we constructed a recombinant Alphavirus Semliki Forest virus (SFV) replicon vector DREP to express EBOV GP and matrix viral protein (VP40). (frontiersin.org)
  • Notably, vaccination with DREP-GP and DREP-VP40, which produces both GP and VP40 antigens, induced a significantly higher level of anti-GP IgG2a antibody and increased IFN-γ secreting CD8 + T-cell responses relative to vaccination with DREP-GP or DREP-VP40 vector alone. (frontiersin.org)
  • Replication deficient human adenovirus vector serotype 19a/64: Immunogenicity in mice and female cynomolgus macaques. (hervolutiontx.com)
  • Increased T cell breadth and antibody response elicited in prime-boost regimen by viral vector encoded homologous SIV Gag/Env in outbred CD1 mice. (hervolutiontx.com)
  • Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a viral disease, common across the world, and associated with several extraintestinal manifestations including vasculitis. (hindawi.com)
  • Chronic liver disease related to viral hepa titis has emerged as a leading public health problem in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. (who.int)
  • In patients with chronic hepatitis B, determined viral replication is related with movement of liver illness and treatment is pointed at maximal viral concealment. (alliedacademies.org)
  • and antigen detection tests (including rapid influenza diagnostic tests and immunofluorescence assays). (cdc.gov)
  • To determine the impact of Plasmodium falciparum malaria coinfection and its treatment on cellular reservoirs of viral replication in HIV-1-infected persons and to relate this to changes in systemic immune activation. (lww.com)
  • Acute P. falciparum malaria coinfection impacts virus-host dynamics in HIV-1-infected persons at the cellular level, notably showing a reversible induction of HIV-1 replication in CD14 macrophages that is associated with changes in immune activation. (lww.com)
  • Kwun HJ, Shuda M, Feng H, Camacho CJ, Moore PS, Chang Y. Merkel cell polyomavirus small T antigen controls viral replication and oncoprotein expression by targeting the cellular ubiquitin ligase SCFFbw7. (medscape.com)
  • The co-evolution of viruses with their hosts has led to the selection of a broad repertoire of viral strategies for manipulation of the cellular environment. (ki.se)
  • ADAR can edit both viral and cellular RNAs and can edit RNAs at multiple sites (hyper-editing) or at specific sites (site-specific editing). (thermofisher.com)
  • This prevents viral replication and inhibits normal cell ribosome function, killing both the virus and the host cell if the response is active for a sufficient amount of time. (wikidoc.org)
  • Mylan Laboratories Ltd.), HA410 · compensated liver disease and evidence of immune active disease, i.e. active viral replication, persistently elevated serum ALT levels and histological evidence of active inflammation and/or fibrosis. (who.int)
  • This master thesis is a part of a project aiming to set up immunoaffinity-purification/MS based method in order to analyse the ligandome and determine T-cell recognized cancer associated antigens from tumor cells. (helsinki.fi)
  • By deleting certain viral genes, scientists can make viruses that can replicate effectively in tumor cells but not in normal cells. (amgen.com)
  • Tumor-selective viral replication can cause tumor cells to lyse, or burst open (oncolysis). (amgen.com)
  • The ability to lyse, or burst, tumor cells to expose tumor antigens to the immune system. (amgen.com)
  • The expression of this antigen in animals has been achieved through the use of DNA-based vaccination of recombinant plasmids. (cuny.edu)
  • Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and other molecular assays can identify the presence of influenza viral RNA or nucleic acids in respiratory specimens with very high sensitivity and specificity. (cdc.gov)
  • Notably, the detection of influenza viral RNA or nucleic acids by these assays does not necessarily indicate detection of viable infectious virus or on-going influenza viral replication. (cdc.gov)
  • The absence of detectable viral mented in other mammals and birds, H5N1 viral replication antigen-positive cells in previous reports may relate to the in humans may be restricted to the lung and intestine, and fact that the patients died during the late phase of the dis- the major site of H5N1 viral replication in the lung is the pneumocyte. (cdc.gov)
  • Indeed, antigen-presenting cells are important reservoirs of HIV-1 [ 16,17 ] and induction of HIV-1 replication within these cells may contribute significantly to the cofactor effect of confections on HIV-1 pathogenesis. (lww.com)
  • Antigen from Lytically-Infected Cells and Comparison of its Behavior with D@T Antigen. (doctortaylor.com)
  • Fifty six patients with a mean CD4+ T-cell count and viral load of 484 cells/mm3 and 4.42 log copies/mL respectively were randomised to receive d4T/3TC/nelfinavir/saquinavir with or without adjuvant IL-2. (i-base.info)
  • The post-test probability or predictive values (positive and negative predictive values) of an influenza virus test depend upon the prevalence of circulating seasonal influenza viruses in the patient population, and the specific test characteristics (sensitivity and specificity) compared to a "gold standard" comparison test (molecular assay or viral culture). (cdc.gov)
  • A host of viral RNAs and other RNAs involved in disease processes have also been demonstrated to be targeted effectively by small molecules. (news-medical.net)
  • Furthermore, our positive finding in the breast tissue also corroborated with recent reports that immunocompromised patients had also experienced LC symptoms and persistent viral replication. (researchsquare.com)
  • Persistent shedding of viral RNA for an extended period after the onset of acute symptoms has been reported,[5, 8, 9] but none of a viable virus. (researchsquare.com)
  • 2. Interferon γ cytokine secretion was determined by ELISPOT to assess PBMC response against known antigens in a preliminary experiment to approximate usable range for the following antigen specific PBMC assays. (helsinki.fi)
  • Since we have previously reported residual viral antigens in tissues of convalescent patients, we now aim to assess the presence of such antigens in post-convalescent tissues. (researchsquare.com)
  • 5] Here, we aimed to assess the presence of such antigens in tissues from LC patients. (researchsquare.com)
  • We report on the first clinical trial to our knowledge to assess the RH5 antigen - a dose-escalation phase Ia study in 24 healthy, malaria-naive adult volunteers. (jci.org)
  • Influenza A H5N1 Replication Sites in Humans reaction (RT-PCR) on a nasopharyngeal wash specimen as with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-mouse described (12) and was confirmed by seroconversion of immunoglobulin at a 1:400 dilution (Dako) for 30 min at neutralizing antibody against H5N1 virus. (cdc.gov)
  • As the etiological agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and other PCV-associated diseases (PCVADs), PCV2 is one of the most economically important viral pathogens in the world-wide pig population [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dengue and chikungunya are viral diseases transmitted by infected mosquitoes. (healthcarentsickcare.com)
  • 10] While the presence of viral RNA and/or antigen in gastrointestinal samples of convalescent patients has been widely reported,[5, 8] we believe this study is the first to detect viral RNA and/or antigen in the tissues of patients with LC, up to 426 days after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. (researchsquare.com)
  • By utilizing RNAscope, we were able to detect both positive-sense (genomic) and negative-sense (replicative intermediate) viral RNA in the appendix and breast tissue (Figure 2). (researchsquare.com)
  • The laboratory has cloned and sequenced the three genomic segments and identified the viral genes. (cuny.edu)
  • However, as with the previous study, after the second and third interruptions about half of the patients developed a strong specific CD4+ T-lymphocyte proliferative response against HIV p24 antigen (irrespective of exposure to HU). (i-base.info)
  • 98%) is thought to be derived from short-lived lymphocytes ordinarily [ 11,12 ], HIV-1 replication within the macrophage reservoir is increased during mycobacterial and Pneumocystis carinii coinfections [ 13-15 ]. (lww.com)
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were then established using the purified 3A and 3AB antigens. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • Viral hepatitis remains the leading cause of liver inflammation and liver cancer requiring transplantation. (medscape.com)
  • The viral load in the liver at sacrifice was in line with this finding. (unav.edu)
  • Another major concern is long-term utilize of NUCs might lead to the advancement of safe viral mutants, which might cause serious liver aggravation or indeed liver disappointment. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Overview of Acute Viral Hepatitis Acute viral hepatitis is diffuse liver inflammation caused by specific hepatotropic viruses that have diverse modes of transmission and epidemiologies. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Despite severe and generalized transcription-polymerase chain reaction in lung, intestine, clinical manifestations, the result of multiple organ dys- and spleen tissues, but positive-stranded viral RNA indicat- function, previous limited autopsy data failed to show evi- ing virus replication was confined to the lung and intestine. (cdc.gov)
  • This research project focuses on characterizing the anti-double stranded DNA (dsDNA) response in mice that express the viral Epstein Barr Nuclear Antigen-1 (EBNA-1). (cuny.edu)
  • Hydroxyurea also appeared to be neither effective in increasing the control of viraemia after 3 interruptions of therapy, nor in inducing a higher proportion of specific immune responses against HIV-1 antigens. (i-base.info)
  • The purpose of this paper is to raise awareness regarding the burden of disease related to viral hepatitis and the need for urgent action to prevent hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus transmission in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. (who.int)
  • Very low to undetectable viral burden in lymph node by in situ hybridisation. (i-base.info)
  • HBV DNA (quantitative viral load) indicates viral burden and viral replication. (medscape.com)
  • However, the level of the antigen does not appear to correlate with disease severity. (medscape.com)
  • Structural basis of molecular motor regulation in a viral capsid. (cuny.edu)
  • SIMC1 uses its SIMs and Nse5-like domain to localize SMC5/6 to polyomavirus replication centers (PyVRCs) at SUMO-rich PML nuclear bodies. (elifesciences.org)
  • Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an economically important viral pathogen for swine industry worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All patients had a rebound in plasma viral load after treatment interruption which was detectable after 1.5 to 6 weeks (median 3 weeks). (i-base.info)
  • It was concluded that HU associated with antiretroviral therapy neither prevents viral load rebound nor changes viral load rebound dynamics after treatment interruption. (i-base.info)
  • The sensitivity and specificity of the indirect ELISA using baculovirus expressed 3AB protein as the antigen were 62.4% and 86.8-91.7%, respectively. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • The sensitivity and specificity of the double-sandwich blocking ELISA using E. coli expressed 3AB protein as the antigen were 94% and 98-100%, respectively. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • Their mechanism of RNA packaging, replication and transcription is similar to that of the Reoviridae of which one member, rotavirus, is a major cause of infant gastroenteritis. (cuny.edu)
  • A new U.S. study published on the bioRxiv * preprint server reports the use of an amiloride-based scaffold that targets a viral RNA structure known to be essential in viral replication in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of the virus. (news-medical.net)
  • Over the past a long time a expansive number of ponders have distinguished viral- and patient-related variables for pretreatment forecast of the likelihood of a supported virologic reaction. (alliedacademies.org)
  • While immunoglobulin isotypes provide high-level antigen-specific information, HAI titers alone can provide a meaningful representation of day 28 post-vaccination response. (cdc.gov)
  • 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7] Previously, we have also reported the persistence of residual viral antigens for up to 180 days in gastrointestinal and hepatic tissues of COVID-19 convalescent patients. (researchsquare.com)
  • In addition, various genes of the innate and intrinsic immunity of the host have evolved to block viral replication. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Enhances the replication of MV, VSV and HIV-1 through an editing-independent mechanism via suppression of EIF2AK2/PKR activation and function. (thermofisher.com)
  • 6 of 10 patients regardless of IL-2 had therapy reintroduced after a median 3 months when their viral loads reached pretreatment levels. (i-base.info)
  • The group concluded that on a single interruption pretreatment levels of plasma viraemia are reached regardless of previous IL-2 treatment and that CD4+ and CD8+ activation and proliferation shows a strong correlation with viral load. (i-base.info)
  • Hepatitis A Hepatitis A is caused by an enterically transmitted RNA virus that, in older children and adults, causes typical symptoms of viral hepatitis, including anorexia, malaise, and jaundice. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The host has evolved the intrinsic, innate and adaptive immunity to fight viral infections. (gla.ac.uk)
  • We define CTL memory as long-term persistence of CTL precursors in the absence of antigen. (nih.gov)
  • Many of these viral products interfere with the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) that controls protein turnover and trafficking. (ki.se)