• Higher-order structures of the foot-and-mouth disease virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase required for genome replication. (cabi.org)
  • The host cell must provide the energy and synthetic machinery and the low- molecular-weight precursors for the synthesis of viral proteins and nucleic acids. (wikipedia.org)
  • New drugs targeting essential viral proteins other than pUL54 are therefore urgently needed. (frontiersin.org)
  • Relocation of the lysosome marker LAMP1 towards the assembly compartment and its detection in transport vesicles of viral proteins confirm an important role of lysosomes in SARS-CoV-2 egress. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • We have shown that E1 and E2 proteins of human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV-11) were essential to support the replication of the homologous viral origin (ori) in a transient replication assay, similar to reports on bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Either set of viral proteins was also able to initiate replication of ori-containing plasmids from many other human and animal papillomaviruses. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Has been involved, along with HHV-8 viral proteins pro-inflammatory and / or other angiogenic, in HHV-8-related Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD), in addition to an MCD -related disorders involving elevation of systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines, including human vIL-6 and IL-6 (HIL-6). (ilgenetics.org)
  • On the one hand, the UPS acts as a host defense mechanism to selectively recognize HBV proteins as well as special cellular proteins that favor the viral life cycle and induces their ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation to limit HBV infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • pgRNA translates viral HBc and Pol proteins, and also acts as a template for the replication of the HBV genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After translation of viral RNAs into HBV proteins occurs in the host cytoplasm, viral pgRNA is encapsulated into core particles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Once the provirus is integrated into the host cell DNA, it is transcribed using typical cellular mechanisms to produce viral proteins and genetic material. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These genomes are made by either a viral polymerase or (in some DNA viruses) a cellular enzyme, particularly in rapidly dividing cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • HBV replication is initiated by the binding of polymerase (P) to epsilon (ε), a 61 nucleotide (nt) cis -acting regulatory stem-loop RNA located at the 5′-end of the pregenomic RNA (pgRNA). (nist.gov)
  • However, for these avian (av) viruses to efficiently replicate in mammalian cells, host adaptation of the viral polymerase is necessary. (nature.com)
  • Replication of IAV is carried out by the RNA-dependent RNA viral polymerase that functions as a heterotrimeric complex, formed from separate components PA, PB1 and PB2. (nature.com)
  • Influenza A viruses contain a segmented negative-sense RNA genome, which is transcribed and replicated by the viral-RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (FluPolA) composed of PB1, PB2 and PA subunits3-5. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Noteworthy, was our demonstration that although termination of DNA replication did not require specific DNA sequences, some DNA sequences did promote pausing of DNA replication forks in vivo (and DNA polymerase in vitro), and some sequences, such as thosewithin the termination region for SV40 DNA replication, did promote formation of catenated intertwines during separation of sibling chromosomes. (nih.gov)
  • Human antimicrobial peptides LL-37 and human β-defensin-2 reduce viral replication in keratinocytes infected with varicella zoster virus. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The active n-butanol fraction was evaluated for its inhibition against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, integrase, protease, pro-viral genome integration and viral Tat protein mediated transactivation. (nih.gov)
  • The results presented here show a potential anti-HIV-1 activity of A. catechu mediated by the inhibition of the functions of the viral protein and Tat. (nih.gov)
  • Identification of a new dengue virus inhibitor that targets the viral NS4B protein and restricts genomic RNA replication. (bris.ac.uk)
  • In conclusion, we have identified a new DENV inhibitor, SDM25N, which restricts genomic RNA replication by - directly or indirectly - targeting the viral NS4B protein. (bris.ac.uk)
  • Ten material replication penetration transcription-sembly-protein synthesis Branscripti. (solvedlib.com)
  • Many viruses use the microtubule transport system to transport nucleic acid/protein cores to intracellular replication sites after invasion host the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclin A degradation by primate cytomegalovirus protein pUL21a counters its innate restriction of virus replication. (virosin.org)
  • Together with PCBP-1, this protein also functions as a translational coactivator of poliovirus RNA via a sequence-specific interaction with stem-loop IV of the IRES, promoting poliovirus RNA replication by binding to its 5'-terminal cloverleaf structure. (nih.gov)
  • The use of a highly heat-inducible heat shock protein gene (HSP) promoter to regulate the expression of replication-essential genes of a pathogenic virus is one possibility, representing perhaps the only possible solution available at this time. (digiwire.co.in)
  • Among the viral transcripts, preC mRNA encodes precore protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • LANA, a viral regulatory protein expressed during latent infection). (cdc.gov)
  • Some viruses have an outer envelope consisting of protein and lipid, surrounding a protein capsid complex with genomic RNA or DNA and sometimes enzymes needed for the first steps of viral replication. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 2008. Viral and cellular microRNAs as determinants of viral pathogenesis and immunity. (virosin.org)
  • During hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the UPS is shown to act as a double-edged sword in viral pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The molecular interaction of HBV with the UPS to modulate viral propagation and pathogenesis is summarized in the review. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Considering the important role of the UPS in HBV infection, a better understanding of the HBV-UPS interaction could provide novel insight into the mechanisms that are involved in viral replication and pathogenesis and help to develop potential treatment strategies targeting the UPS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Currently, cumulative evidence indicates that the host ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) has vital roles in HBV replication as well as virus-related pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using irf7(-/-) and wild-type bone marrow chimeras we analyzed the contribution of IFN-I from bone marrow-derived sources in the control of viral infections and immunopathology in mice. (uzh.ch)
  • Rather, transcriptional control of viral gene expression must play a dominant role. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Viral replication is the formation of biological viruses during the infection process in the target host cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The virus exploits the host machinery to facilitate efficient viral replication, which ultimately leads to progression of infection. (news-medical.net)
  • Together, these findings illustrate a mechanism of glioma cell defense against an incoming infection by oHSV and identify possible approaches to enhance oHSV replication and subsequent lysis of tumor cells. (jci.org)
  • A ) Bioluminescence (measured as RLU) assay was performed 24 hours after infection with a replication-defective HSV-1 encoding a Fluc cDNA of U251 cells (MOI of 3). (jci.org)
  • The n-butanol fraction showed a dose-dependent inhibition against HIV-1NL4.3 infection of the peripheral blood lymphocytes and against HIV-1BaL(R-5-tropic) as well as two different primary viral isolates of HIV-1 infection of TZM-bl cells. (nih.gov)
  • In a study, a new HIV drug reduced viral replication and increased immune cells in individuals with advanced, drug-resistant HIV infection. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The cytopathic effect caused by MERS-CoV infection was measured to evaluate viral replication. (biorxiv.org)
  • We found that during systemic cytopathic virus infection, hematopoietic cells were essential for production of IFN-I, inhibition of viral spread to peripheral organs, and limiting cell damage. (uzh.ch)
  • These data suggest that during systemic viral infection primarily hematopoietic cell-derived IFN-I controls viral replication and viral-induced disease. (uzh.ch)
  • These results imply that hcmv-miR-US5-1 may affect viral replication and host cellular environment by regulating expression kinetics of GMNN during HCMV infection. (virosin.org)
  • 2003. Human cytomegalovirus infection leads to accumulation of geminin and inhibition of the licensing of cellular DNA replication. (virosin.org)
  • Human cytomegalovirus latent infection alters the expression of cellular and viral microRNA. (virosin.org)
  • We will also discuss the chemical tools available to study the role of PI4Ks in viral infection . (bvsalud.org)
  • We performed in vivo assays in rabbits to study virus replication kinetics in several tissues at the early stage of infection, and to estimate the minimum infective dose. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nuclear extracts prepared from uninfected cells as well as cells harvested at 5 and 12 hr after infection contained similar levels of MLTF/USF footprint activity, therefore the lack of a detectable interaction early after infection is not due to reduced levels of the factor early in the viral growth cycle. (princeton.edu)
  • During HBV infection, a variety of cellular factors are recruited by the virus to regulate multiple steps in the HBV replication cycle [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, the HBV is capable of selectively and specifically altering the expression of intracellular factors, which are involved in the host immune response, to mediate persistent viral infection [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HIV infection and a broad range of other health conditions including various noncommunicable diseases and coinfections such as tuberculosis, malaria, viral hepatitis, requiring better integration of and linkage to programmes to leverage broader health outcomes. (who.int)
  • Greater divergence can suggest ongoing transmission of infection or prolonged viral replication, for example in the intestinal tracts of persons with primary immunodeficiency (PI) disorders . (cdc.gov)
  • We also show that a nanobody (a single-domain antibody) that interferes with FluPol A dimerization inhibits the synthesis of vRNA and, consequently, inhibits virus replication in infected cells. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 4: Nb8205, which binds FluPol A at the dimer interface, inhibits cRNA to vRNA replication and virus growth. (nature.com)
  • Type I interferon (IFN-I) strongly inhibits viral replication and is a crucial factor in controlling virus infections and diseases. (uzh.ch)
  • Dehydroepiandrosterone inhibits replication of feline immunodeficiency virus in chronically infected cells. (johnsonvet.com)
  • Myricetin inhibits SARS-CoV-2 viral replication. (naturalhealth24-7.com)
  • Myricetin Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Viral Replication by Targeting Mand Ameliorates Pulmonary Inflammation. (naturalhealth24-7.com)
  • We also show that a nanobody (a single-domain antibody) that interferes with FluPolA dimerization inhibits the synthesis of vRNA and, consequently, inhibits virus replication in infected cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In the past, our research focused on viral genomes as models for DNA replication in mammalian cell nuclei. (nih.gov)
  • In this disease, lytic (productive) replication, in addition to viral latency, is believed to play an important role. (ilgenetics.org)
  • A viral microRNA down-regulates multiple cell cycle genes through mRNA 5′UTRs. (virosin.org)
  • it blocks viral replication by preventing mRNA synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • Dynein and kinesin can both be exploited by viruses to mediate the viral replication process. (wikipedia.org)
  • Viruses can manipulate this regulation , with the Type III phosphatidylinositol 4- kinases (PI4KA and PI4KB) being hijacked by many RNA viruses to mediate their intracellular replication through the formation of phosphatidylinositol 4- phosphate (PI4P)-enriched replication organelles (ROs). (bvsalud.org)
  • The viral titer in the cell supernatant was quantified by standard plaque assay using Vero/ TMPRSS2 cells. (biorxiv.org)
  • To increase the sensitivity for detecting infectious influenza virus in an aerosol sample, the viral replication assay was developed. (cdc.gov)
  • With this assay, influenza virus is first amplified by replication in Mandin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells followed by detection with quantitative PCR (qPCR). (cdc.gov)
  • Compared with the traditional culture-based viral plaque assay, the viral replication assay resulted in a 4.6x10(5) fold increase in influenza virus detection. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, viral replication assay results were obtained in half the time of the viral plaque assay. (cdc.gov)
  • To demonstrate that the viral replication assay is capable of detecting airborne influenza virus, dilute preparations of strain A/WS/33 were loaded into a nebulizer, aerosolized within a calm-air settling chamber and subsequently collected using NIOSH Two-Stage Bioaerosol Samplers. (cdc.gov)
  • At the most diluted concentration corresponding to a chicken embryo infectious dose 50 percent endpoint (CEID(50)) of 2.8E+02/ml, the viral replication assay was able to detect infectious influenza virus that was otherwise undetectable by viral plaque assay. (cdc.gov)
  • The results obtained demonstrate that the viral replication assay is highly sensitive at detecting infectious influenza virus from aerosol samples. (cdc.gov)
  • It has always been necessary for researchers to visualise pathogenic microorganisms in their host cell's environment, in order to define the host-pathogen interactions contributing to viral infections. (pasteur.fr)
  • Patients with AE are more susceptible to severe cutaneous viral infections, including varicella zoster virus (VZV). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Low virulence coupled with high diversity has led to the suggestion that bats have evolved mechanisms to control viral replication more effectively than have most mammals and that some attribute common to all bats might also explain the apparent low virulence of viral infections in these animals. (cdc.gov)
  • Our study provides high-resolution structures of medically relevant FluPol A , as well as insights into the replication mechanisms of the viral RNA genome. (nature.com)
  • This book provides a collection of in-depth reviews broadly related to the mechanisms of viral replication as applied to various viruses of critical relevance for human or animal disease. (e-booksdirectory.com)
  • 2013. Geminin deploys multiple mechanisms to regulate Cdt1 before cell division thus ensuring the proper execution of DNA replication. (virosin.org)
  • Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of genomic viral RNA (vRNA) replication-which proceeds through a complementary RNA (cRNA) replicative intermediate, and requires oligomerization of the polymerase7-10-remain largely unknown. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In fact, amplification of genes by over replication of certain regions of DNA is one of the primary mechanisms by which cancer cells become resistant to drug therapy. (nih.gov)
  • Molecular mechanisms of PI4K regulation and their involvement in viral replication. (bvsalud.org)
  • Until now, the molecular mechanisms related to HBV replication and associated liver diseases have not been well understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our current research now focuses on two basic, interrelated questions: (1) How do mammalian cells decide where and when to initiate DNA replication? (nih.gov)
  • The HDAC6-specific inhibitor, tubacin, improves HSV-1-mediated gene expression and oHSV replication. (jci.org)
  • First, a full-length functional ZIKV cDNA clone was engineered as a bacterial artificial chromosome, with each reporter gene under the cap-independent translational control of a cardiovirus-derived internal ribosome entry site inserted downstream of the single open reading frame of the viral genome. (mdpi.com)
  • In this report, the effects are assessed of two well-characterized antimicrobial amphipathic peptides (melittin and cecropin) on human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) replication and gene expression in acutely infected cells at subtoxic concentrations. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Bramson[12] endorsed that full immune response can be obtained from immunisation with a disease-causing virus modified to subject replication-essential genes to the control of a non-lethal heat-activated gene switch in the presence of a drug-like compound. (digiwire.co.in)
  • These results indicate that DNA replication participates in the regulation of adenovirus late gene expression by facilitating the binding of a transcription factor to the major late promoter. (princeton.edu)
  • Spanning a 20-h replication period, matrix gene expression levels from infectious virus were measured at several time points using qPCR and found to exponentially increase. (cdc.gov)
  • Promising new inhibitors that target the viral helicase-primase complex have been reported to block replication of herpes simplex and varicella-zoster viruses, but they have no activity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), another herpesvirus. (frontiersin.org)
  • We therefore screened the NIH Clinical Collection (NCC), a library of drug-like small molecules, for inhibitors of DENV replication using a cell line that contains a stably replicating DENV serotype 2 (DENV2) subgenomic replicon. (bris.ac.uk)
  • A new U.S. study published on the bioRxiv * preprint server reports the use of an amiloride-based scaffold that targets a viral RNA structure known to be essential in viral replication in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of the virus. (news-medical.net)
  • Some of these viruses require host cell polymerases to replicate their genome, while others, such as adenoviruses or herpes viruses, encode their own replication factors. (wikipedia.org)
  • In glioma cell lines and glioma-stem-like cells, HDAC6 inhibition (HDAC6i) by either pharmacologic or genetic means substantially increased replication of oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (oHSV). (jci.org)
  • What is FALSE about herpes simplex virus replication? (medicalquiz.net)
  • My laboratory has developed new technologies and applied them towards understanding the molecular biology and enzymology of DNA replication in animal cells and viruses (SV40, polyomavirus, papillomavirus, and herpes simplex virus), and at the beginning of animal development (mouse preimplantation embryos and frog eggs). (nih.gov)
  • First the process of penetration takes place which leads to replication of the genetic material and then transcription starts. (solvedlib.com)
  • 2) What are the requirements for DNA replication and transcription at the beginning of mammalian development? (nih.gov)
  • Within this library, ciclesonide, an inhaled corticosteroid, suppressed human coronavirus replication in cultured cells, but did not suppress replication of respiratory syncytial virus or influenza virus. (biorxiv.org)
  • The novel product, INNA-051, being developed by Australian biotech company, Ena Respiratory, reduced viral replication by up to 96 percent in a gold-standard animal study led by Public Health England's (PHE) Deputy Director, Professor Miles Carroll and published today on biomedical pre-publication research site, Biorxiv. (uniseed.com)
  • Systemic treatment with corticosteroids is contraindicated for the severe pneumonia caused by viruses such as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, as steroids suppress the innate immune system, resulting in increased viral replication. (biorxiv.org)
  • reviewed antiviral immune responses in bats and suggested the possibility that bats might be able to control viral replication through innate immunity. (cdc.gov)
  • Fig. 2: Mutations at the interface of the FluPol A dimer inhibit cRNA to vRNA replication. (nature.com)
  • At the concentrations tested DHEAS did not inhibit FIV replication or impact on cellular viability or proliferation. (johnsonvet.com)
  • The n-butanol fraction demonstrates a potent inhibitory activity against the viral protease (IC50 = 12.9 μg/ml), but not reverse transcriptase or integrase. (nih.gov)
  • DNA replication is the primary event that regulates cellular and viral proliferation. (nih.gov)
  • Oncolytic viral (OV) therapy, which uses genetically engineered tumor-targeting viruses, is being increasingly used in cancer clinical trials due to the direct cytolytic effects of this treatment that appear to provoke a robust immune response against the tumor. (jci.org)
  • The discovery of murine norovirus (MNV) in 2003 and the fact that this virus successfully replicated in a murine macrophage cell line in vitro and in primary immune cells in vivo suggested that immune cells may also support replication of human norovirus ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • However, immune cells isolated from healthy adults did not support replication ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Melbourne, Australia, 28 September - A novel nasal treatment developed to boost the natural human immune system to fight common colds and flu, has proved remarkably successful in reducing COVID-19 viral replication test results, released today, reveal. (uniseed.com)
  • Many studies, however, contrasted immune responses elicited by viral vectors that were attenuated but retained residual capacity to replicate and corresponding vectors that were incompetent for replication[7-10]. (digiwire.co.in)
  • Results showed that attenuated viruses retaining some replication capacity induced immune responses that were more complete and more potent than non-replicating comparison viruses. (digiwire.co.in)
  • Destruction of lung tissue is thought to result from an over- exuberant immune response rather than from the direct effects of viral replication. (who.int)
  • When a bat is confronted by a viral antigen, the proportional increase in metabolism for raising an immune response may be trivial compared to the very large increase in the metabolic costs of flight. (cdc.gov)
  • A lot of us were pushing for this approach back in the late 1990s because the biology was coming out saying that it was viral replication, this ongoing onslaught to the immune system of 1 to 10 billion viruses produced a day. (medscape.com)
  • Using a transient subgenomic replicon, we demonstrate that SDM25N restricts genomic RNA replication rather than translation of the viral genome. (bris.ac.uk)
  • Four tested doses, negligible (10 − 1 viral genome copies), low (10 4 ), high (10 7 ) and very high (10 11 ) were quantified using a method combining density gradient centrifugation of the viral particles and an RT-qPCR technique developed to quantify genomic RNA (gRNA). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We use a combination of cell-based and in vitro assays to show that the interface of the FluPol A dimer is required for vRNA synthesis during replication of the viral genome. (nature.com)
  • We demonstrated that DNA synthesis occurs discontinuously only on one arm of replication forks (the arm where the direction of synthesis is opposite to the direction of fork movement) through the repeated initiation, synthesis and joining of Okazaki fragments (transient nascent DNA chains of 40 to 300 nucleotides). (nih.gov)
  • It interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis during active replication, causing bactericidal activity against susceptible organisms. (medscape.com)
  • On the basis of these considerations and observations, we hypothesised that a genetically engineered viral pathogen that can be triggered transiently in an inoculation site region to (local) replicate will be a superior immunisation agent to a traditional vaccine with an efficiency approaching that of the corresponding wild type agent[11]. (digiwire.co.in)
  • Replication between viruses is greatly varied and depends on the type of genes involved in them. (wikipedia.org)
  • Viruses are classed into 7 types of genes, each of which has its own families of viruses, which in turn have differing replication strategies themselves. (wikipedia.org)
  • A human cytomegalovirus-encoded microRNA regulates expression of multiple viral genes involved in replication. (virosin.org)
  • In animal cells these viruses get into the cell through the process of endocytosis which works through fusing of the virus and fusing of the viral envelope with the cell membrane of the animal cell and in plant cells it enters through the process of pinocytosis which works on pinching of the viruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • These data provide new insights into the spatiotemporal regulation of SARS-CoV-2 assembly, and refine current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 replication. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Control the host cell cycle: viral regulation of the anaphase-promoting complex. (virosin.org)
  • She said: "These significant findings shed light on the key molecular interactions and dynamics involved within these complicated viral replication complexes, which we still have much to learn about. (cabi.org)
  • The researchers say this heralds the application of these molecules as chemical probes to explore viral biology and produce specific antivirals targeting RNA regions of the coronavirus genome. (news-medical.net)
  • The difficulty of finding effective antivirals in the current pandemic has stimulated the search for better drug development approaches that will reveal targetable viral structures, thus helping to prevent and treat both the current and any future coronavirus outbreaks. (news-medical.net)
  • These studies confirmed the role of enterocytes as the major site for human norovirus replication and host restriction based on genetic factors, as well as the role of bile as a strain-specific requirement or enhancer for virus infectivity. (cdc.gov)
  • Since the HBV is a small DNA virus, and there is only limited genetic information in the viral genome, the virus heavily relies on cellular factors for viral replication. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The phenotypic analysis showed that the pathogenicity of GI.1d/00-21 and the replication kinetics in infected organs were close to those reported for the original GI.1 strains, and could not alone explain the observed selective advantage of the GI.1d strains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We used isolated nuclei from virus infected cells supplemented with cytoplasm, and discovered that viral replicating chromosomes could continue replication in the absence of a nucleus. (nih.gov)
  • The HCMV helicase-primase complex (pUL105-pUL102-pUL70) is essential for viral DNA replication and could thus be a relevant antiviral target. (frontiersin.org)
  • Based upon previous reports demonstrating the antiviral and immunostimulatory activities of DHEA and DHEA-sulfate (DHEAS) we sought to determine whether introduction of these compounds would affect replication of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in chronically infected cells. (johnsonvet.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Both LL-37 and hBD-2 have an antiviral effect on VZV replication in the keratinocyte HaCaT cell line and in B cells, but their mechanism of action is different. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A host of viral RNAs and other RNAs involved in disease processes have also been demonstrated to be targeted effectively by small molecules. (news-medical.net)
  • SIMC1 uses its SIMs and Nse5-like domain to localize SMC5/6 to polyomavirus replication centers (PyVRCs) at SUMO-rich PML nuclear bodies. (elifesciences.org)
  • We were among the first to develop and exploit sub-cellular systems that allowed SV40 and polyomavirus to complete DNA replication in vitro. (nih.gov)
  • As OVs enter tumor cells, intrinsic host defenses have the potential to hinder viral replication and spread within the tumor mass. (jci.org)
  • Steroid compounds, which are expected to have dual functions in blocking host inflammation and MERS-CoV replication, were screened from a chemical library. (biorxiv.org)
  • These structures must dismantle in order for the viral genome to integrate itself into the host cell's genome. (pasteur.fr)
  • Then, mature viral particles containing HBV DNA are enveloped and released from host cells [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We infer that the stringent species and tissue specificities observed for papillomaviruses in vivo are not entirely due to direct restrictions on viral DNA replication. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Determining the minimum dose of viral particles required to cause mortality in rabbits is an important input for in vivo studies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As a post-doctoral fellow with Paul Berg, I developed a subcellular system that allowed simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA to continue replication in vitro. (nih.gov)
  • Cortisone and prednisolone, which are commonly used for systemic steroid treatment, dexamethasone, which has strong immunosuppressant effects, and fluticasone, a commonly used inhaled steroid, did not suppress viral growth ( Fig. 1a ). (biorxiv.org)
  • As a highly conserved cellular degradation mechanism, the UPS affects a variety of biological processes and participates in viral propagation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These ORFs were first identified as essential for oriLyt-dependent DNA replication ( Pari and Anders, 1993 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • A recombinant virus with the mutation was also resistant to ciclesonide suppression of viral replication. (biorxiv.org)
  • B ) Replication of rQNestin34.5 (MOI of 0.1) in tubacin-treated (dashed line) and control U251 cells (solid line). (jci.org)
  • Viral titer was measured as described in panel a. (c) Vero cells were infected with the parental MERS-CoV/EMC strain (Re-EMC/MERS) or the recombinant mutant strain (Re-Nsp15-A25V) with an amino acid substitution at A25V in NSP15. (biorxiv.org)
  • A more recent study reported that BJAB cells, a continuous human B cell line, supported replication of a GII.4 norovirus strain in the presence of bacteria ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Despite being the target of extensive research efforts due to the COVID-19 pandemic, relatively little is known about the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 replication within cells. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Drugs that block DNA replication can arrest the spread of cancer cells and eliminate viral pathogens. (nih.gov)
  • Therefore, the overall goal of our work is to discover how DNA replication is regulated both in the large chromosomes of cells and in the "mini-chromosomes" of viruses and small extrachromosomal DNA molecules. (nih.gov)
  • This study provides evidence that proteasomal activity is required for both survival of PEL cells stably harboring the KSHV genome and viral replication of KSHV. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In addition, proteasome activity is required for KSHV replication in KSHV latently infected PEL cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Pro-replication activity of vIL-6 has been identified experimentally in PEL and endothelial cells, but the relative contribution of different vIL-6 interaction has not been established. (ilgenetics.org)
  • METHODS: Flow-cytometry analysis was used to investigate LL-37 expression in normal human keratinocytes, and quantitative PCR was used to determine viral loads in infected HaCaT keratinocytes and B cells, with and without exogenous LL-37 and hBD-2. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Our recent nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structure of ε provides a useful starting point toward a detailed understanding of HBV replication, and hints at the functional importance of ε dynamics. (nist.gov)
  • Taken together, our work strongly implicates RNA dynamics as an integral feature that governs HBV replication. (nist.gov)