• This document provides evidence-based clinical practice guidelines on the diagnostic utility of nucleic acid-based testing of respiratory samples for viral pathogens other than influenza in adults with suspected community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). (guidelinecentral.com)
  • Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common infectious diseases and an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. (medscape.com)
  • In this prospective study, the authors assessed the incidence, aetiology, and outcome of patients with community-acquired pneumonia in the general population. (ersjournals.com)
  • or =14 yrs of age (annual average population size 74,368 inhabitants) with clinically suspected community-acquired pneumonia were registered. (ersjournals.com)
  • There were 241 patients with community-acquired pneumonia, with an annual incidence rate of 1.62 cases (95% confidence interval, 1.42-1.82) per 1,000 inhabitants. (ersjournals.com)
  • The high rate of hospital admission, prolonged stay in hospital, and long period of inactivity all continue to constitute a social and health care burden of community-acquired pneumonia. (ersjournals.com)
  • Etrapenam Is Being Projected As Drug For Community Acquired Pneumonia, Intractable Abdominal Infections And Complicated Uti. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) include community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), acute bronchitis, and acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). (thermofisher.com)
  • In the multicentric, randomized controlled, interventional ProHosp trial (n=1359), antibiotic duration and antibiotic prescription rates were significantly reduced in the PCT group in comparison to the standard-of-care group for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) (n=925), acute exacerbations of COPD (n=228), and bronchitis (n=151), resulting in an overall reduction of antibiotic exposure by 34.8% versus standard-of-care. (thermofisher.com)
  • Background: Community-acquired pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity in developed countries and an important cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. (benthamscience.com)
  • Objective: To provide an update on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children. (benthamscience.com)
  • Patents were searched using the key term "community-acquired pneumonia" from www.google.com/patents, http://espacenet.com, and www. (benthamscience.com)
  • Results: Generally, viruses, notably respiratory syncytial virus, are the most common cause of community- acquired pneumonia in children younger than 5 years. (benthamscience.com)
  • Recent patents related to the management of community-acquired pneumonia are discussed. (benthamscience.com)
  • For community-acquired pneumonia, risk factors include: being very young or older, having a long-term (chronic) lung disease, having a compromised immune system, having a swallowing disorder, staying in dormitory conditions, exposure to smoke or pollutants, abusing drugs or alcohol. (adam.com)
  • Human adenovirus (Adv) infection is responsible for most community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children, which results in significant morbidity and mortality in children every year. (hindawi.com)
  • Human adenovirus (Adv) infection is responsible for most community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Pneumonia in immunocompromised patients is often caused by unusual pathogens but may also be caused by the same pathogens that cause community-acquired pneumonia. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Etiology Community-acquired pneumonia is defined as pneumonia that is acquired outside the hospital. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Additional trials have also suggested that it can be used to guide antibiotic treatment in community-acquired pneumonia infection (5) as well as in symptom exacerbations in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease patients (6), since it allows distinction of viral and bacterial infections. (aacc.org)
  • 2016. Duration of Antibiotic Treatment in Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial. (aacc.org)
  • Background: Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and cigarette smoking both increase risk for the development of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), likely through adverse effects on proximal airway mucociliary clearance and pathogen recognition. (cdc.gov)
  • Chest radiographs (X-ray photographs) often show a pulmonary infection before physical signs of atypical pneumonia are observable at all. (wikipedia.org)
  • There were 81 episodes of bacterial infection and 33 of viral infection. (ersjournals.com)
  • After stress or viral infection, the replication rate of M haemolytica in the upper respiratory tract increases rapidly, as does the likelihood of culturing the bacterium. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Pneumonia is a bacterial, viral, or fungal (rare) infection of one or both lungs. (momjunction.com)
  • Infection with viruses such as influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, adenoviruses, and parainfluenza viruses may lead to pneumonia. (momjunction.com)
  • The overuse and misuse of antibiotics-such as in cases where the infection is viral, or the clinical conditions are due to non-infectious causes-lowers their efficacy and promotes the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria. (thermofisher.com)
  • 5 In this case, viral infection cannot be proved, and the bronchopneumonia was not detected in other dolphins sharing the same environment. (vin.com)
  • Pneumonia is inflammation caused by infection that affects the air sacs in the lungs. (adam.com)
  • It can be defined according to the setting of infection (community- or hospital-based pneumonia). (adam.com)
  • Bloodstream infection (BSI), surgical site infection (SSI), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and urinary tract infection (UTI) are examples of hospital-acquired infections. (servicenation.org)
  • Knowing the miRNA expression profile will help understand the role of miRNAs in modulating the host response to adenovirus infection and possibly improve the diagnosis of adenovirus-infected pneumonia. (hindawi.com)
  • Also, viral infection has proved to have a great impact on cellular small RNA expression and gene expression [ 9 - 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In our study, we sought to present the different miRNA profiles between Adv-infected pneumonia children and healthy controls, identify candidate diagnostic biomarkers for pneumonia with Adv infection in children, and examine the role of miRNAs in host defense response in Adv-infected children. (hindawi.com)
  • This term describes asthma and other conditions in which the airways abnormally constrict in response to stimuli such as smoke or a viral infection, leading to wheezing and shortness of breath. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Overview of Pneumonia Pneumonia is acute inflammation of the lungs caused by infection. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The rK2-PVM pathogen promotes lethal infection in BALB/c mice and elicits characteristic cytokine production and leukocyte recruitment to the lung parenchyma. (nih.gov)
  • There are not "cures" or defined treatments, per se, for every viral respiratory illness, and the specific pathogen isn't always identified in every respiratory infection. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • The study notes that coinfections with things like bacterial pneumonia alongside a viral respiratory infection can also complicate diagnosis and management-particularly with a mindset on efforts to control antimicrobial resistance. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • In contrast, cytokines produced upon viral infections such as Interferon-γ suppress PCT expression, allowing distinction between bacterial and viral infection (3). (aacc.org)
  • When recurrent meningitis happens because of a viral infection, it's called Mollaret's meningitis. (healthline.com)
  • Prescription drugs and vaccines treat and help prevent viral infection and disease but are not capable of totally controlling a dangerous new or novel virus (1). (totalhealthmagazine.com)
  • Canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV) - synonyms - SV-5-like virus, parainfluenza-2 virus - is an enveloped RNA virus of the paramyxovirus group most frequently recognized as an upper respiratory pathogen and infrequently as a CNS infection of dogs. (tamu.edu)
  • Generally, CPIV infection of the respiratory tract of dogs has a mild to moderate clinical course, but concurrent infections with other viral and bacterial pathogens including canine distemper virus, canine herpesvirus, canine adenovirus-2, Bordetella bronchiseptica and, as in this case, with Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus can lead to severe disease and death. (tamu.edu)
  • Microscopically, the infection is characterized by severe fibrino-hemorrhagic and necrotizing pneumonia. (tamu.edu)
  • La proportion d'infections positives au VRS était plus élevée chez les patients hospitalisés pour une infection respiratoire aiguë que chez les patients en consultation externe souffrant de légers symptômes. (who.int)
  • The increased bacterial growth rate in the upper respiratory tract, followed by inhalation and colonization of the lungs, may occur because of suppression of the host's defense mechanism related to environmental stressors or viral infections. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Most commonly, it is the result of infections (bacterial, viral, or fungal), but it can occur as a result of chemical injury (gastric acid/aspiration of food/hydrocarbon and lipoid pneumonia/radiation-induced pneumonia). (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Lymphocytic predominance may be seen in viral pneumonia, pertussis, and atypical infections. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • 75% of patients with acute respiratory tract infections are treated with antibiotics even though the cause is mainly viral. (thermofisher.com)
  • 3,4 Bacterial pneumonia could be secondary to other causes such as viral infections, other systemic diseases, immune suppression, high sporulation and dust from the environment. (vin.com)
  • Antibiotics do not directly affect SARS-CoV-2, the respiratory virus responsible for COVID-19, but viral respiratory infections often lead to bacterial pneumonia. (pulitzercenter.org)
  • The best way to prevent serious respiratory infections such as pneumonia is to avoid sick people (if possible) and to practice good hygiene. (adam.com)
  • Adv causes infections for 5-10% of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children, which results in pneumonia and nearly 1.3 million deaths of children every year [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • As a result, people with PN experience recurrent sinus infections and pneumonia, especially in the first few years of life. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The spread of the coronavirus SARS -CoV-2 strikingly illustrates the global health threat posed by respiratory viral infections. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • How can outbreaks of viral respiratory infections be controlled and contained? (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • This increased risk has been observed for other viral respiratory infections in pregnant women, specifically influenza and SARS. (cdc.gov)
  • There is no single approved treatment for many viral respiratory illnesses in children, but the prevalence and burden of acute viral respiratory infections-sometimes called the common cold-in pediatric practice warrant a closer look at treatment guidelines. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • There is some benefit to taking a symptom-management approach with limited pharmaceutical intervention with many of these illnesses, but data suggests that in some children, infections caused by pathogens like SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory syncytial virus can lead to severe illness, hospitalization and the need for intensive care admission, or even death. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • The rate at which these infections lead to severe illness in some children has helped to motivate an increase in research into more aggressive treatment strategies for acute viral respiratory infections, according to the report. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Children who present with acute respiratory viral infections must be evaluated and most often are referred to an emergency department for management," Hallas says, adding that the goal of care in infants and children is cough improvement in about a week. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • It is critical for parents to partner with trusted and credible pediatric health care providers to make evidence-based decisions on treating individual viral infections in a shared decision-making model, leveraging the best available external evidence, patient values and preference, and clinician expertise. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Common viral infections cause most cases of meningitis in the United States. (healthline.com)
  • It's also a common cause of ear infections, sinusitis, and pneumonia. (healthline.com)
  • Pregnancy is also a state of partial immune suppression which makes them more vulnerable to viral infections [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Various studies also noticed that pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 had pre-existing medical comorbidities including diabetic Mellitus, bacterial and viral co-infections, and obstetric complications including pre-eclampsia, cesarean delivery, preterm birth, premature rupture of membrane, placenta previa, and post-partum hemorrhage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • SilverSol provides proven prevention and treatment against viral and bacterial infections, while there is nothing else with such broad spectrum benefits (2). (totalhealthmagazine.com)
  • Viral infections further weaken the pulmonary defense mechanisms and facilitate colonization of the lung by bacteria. (tamu.edu)
  • RSV remains important viral etiological agent causing influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory infections especially among infants in Morocco. (who.int)
  • The most common viral pathogens recovered from hospitalized patients admitted with CAP include human rhinovirus and influenza . (medscape.com)
  • citation needed] Known viral causes of atypical pneumonia include respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A and B, parainfluenza, adenovirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), COVID-19 and measles. (wikipedia.org)
  • The identification of influenza or other viruses as the causes of pneumonia can help to change the current perceptions of clinicians and health policy makers regarding the ability of these viruses to cause severe illness and improve provision of antivirals. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The team's research may also have an impact on enhancing surveillance for pathogens, especially influenza H5N1, that may cause a pandemic threat. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The gold standard for diagnosing influenza A and B is a viral culture of nasopharyngeal samples or throat samples. (medscape.com)
  • Traditionally, the vaccine was trivalent (ie, designed to provide protection against three viral subtypes, generally an A-H1, an A-H3, and a B). The first quadrivalent vaccines, which provide coverage against an additional influenza B subtype, were approved in 2012 and were made available for the 2013-2014 flu season. (medscape.com)
  • The curve depicts the excess pneumonia and influenza deaths that were recorded in 122 cities during periods when influenza viruses were in circulation, 1998-2000. (cdc.gov)
  • The aims were to measure incidence, prevalence, risk factors, clinical spectrum and outcomes for SARI and associated influenza and other respiratory pathogen cases as well as to understand influenza contribution to patients not meeting SARI case definition. (who.int)
  • If a patient met the World Health Organization's SARI case definition, a respiratory specimen was tested for influenza and other respiratory pathogens. (who.int)
  • 3,4 A surveillance system can provide critical data on the epidemiology, burden, impact, circulating influenza, other respiratory pathogens and effectiveness of influenza prevention and control measures at a time when similar data in the northern hemisphere are not available. (who.int)
  • In children who have recurrent or chronic symptoms, further testing including skin testing to identify fungal pathogens, sweat chloride estimation to identify Cystic fibrosis, titers against rare organisms, and bronchoscopy may be required. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • As we head into cold and flu season, it's good to know that the ACA Ionizer also deactivates other viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens, such as those that cause the common cold, flu (swine, avian, etc. (duncanaviation.aero)
  • Since one syndrome (e.g. pneumonia) can have a range of bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens that are responsible, or one pathogen can cause a diversity of clinical presentations, pathogens are covered according to the primary system in which their main clinical manifestations occur. (sgu.edu)
  • Historical clues and physical examination findings may suggest a causative pathogen, but the clinical signs and symptoms of CAP are not sufficiently specific to reliably differentiate the exact etiologic agent. (medscape.com)
  • Its clinical presentation contrasts to that of "typical" pneumonia. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the majority of cases, bacterial and viral pneumonia cannot be reliably distinguished from each other on clinical grounds. (benthamscience.com)
  • The most common clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 include fulminant pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [ 3 ]. (springer.com)
  • If clinical suspicion of pneumonia is high and the chest x-ray shows no or minor abnormalities, a chest CT scan should be done. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) is a natural rodent pathogen that replicates in bronchial epithelial cells and reproduces many clinical and pathological features of the more severe forms of disease associated with human respiratory syncytial virus. (nih.gov)
  • Detection results of respiratory specimens by real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR (rRT-PCR) during the clinical course of COVID-19 pneumonia. (ajtmh.org)
  • Multiple randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that PCT is a powerful tool to diagnose and follow up sepsis and, most importantly, guide withdrawal from antibiotic treatment in septic patients since reduction of PCT reflects elimination of the pathogen. (aacc.org)
  • This is another example of how combining key elements from the history and clinical exam (afebrile, wheezing, normal WBC count) create a low clinical pretest probability for a bacterial pneumonia in the setting of an abnormal chest x-ray. (medscape.com)
  • Viral pneumonia can be diagnosed by isolation and identification of the pathogen through viral culture. (medscape.com)
  • However, newer techniques aid in the definitive identification of the pathogen, which may lead to more individualized treatment plans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Legionella pneumophila Causes a severe form of pneumonia with a relatively high mortality rate, known as legionellosis or Legionnaires' disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • The fatality rates for untreated severe pneumonia or disseminated disease caused by Adv may even exceed to 50% [ 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • An unexplained outbreak of viral pneumonia in Wuhan, the government made a risk assessment, announced today (4th) 'new infectious disease preparedness and contingency plan important to public health', and launched a severe contingency level with immediate effect. (flutrackers.com)
  • Pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) is a natural mouse pathogen that serves as a model for severe human respiratory syncytial virus disease. (nih.gov)
  • the latter includes severe pneumonia, ARDS, sepsis and septic shock. (who.int)
  • A gross diagnosis of acute, severe pneumonia was established. (tamu.edu)
  • Necropsy lesions consist of pleural effusion and severe pneumonia. (tamu.edu)
  • Major outbreaks of other respiratory viruses illustrate the concern: p to half the 300,000 people who died of the 2009 H1N1 flu and the majority of deaths from the 1918 flu actually died of bacterial pneumonia. (pulitzercenter.org)
  • Pneumonia can also be caused by viruses, fungi, and other agents. (adam.com)
  • Neutropenia makes it more difficult for the body to fight off pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The coronaviruses are a family of viruses that includes a series of very different pathogens. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • It is not part of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses classification of viruses (ie, it is not a species, genus, or family), which is based on the nature and structure of the viral genome. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Examples of these pathogens include Chlamydiae, Chlamydophila species, and rickettsiae. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This is true regardless of the specific pathogen, Hallas notes, adding that the Microorganisms report is simply a descriptive literature review-not a review of controlled trials-and should be interpreted with caution. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • This study will evaluate the use of an algorithm utilizing several rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), biomarkers, and standard of care (SOC) procedures in differentiating these different pathogens in pediatric patients admitted to Tangerang and Kariadi hospitals in Indonesia. (nationalacademies.org)
  • As the conditions caused by the various agents have different courses and respond to different treatments, the identification of the specific causative pathogen is important. (wikipedia.org)
  • The distinction was historically considered important, as it differentiated those more likely to present with "typical" respiratory symptoms and lobar pneumonia from those more likely to present with "atypical" generalized symptoms (such as fever, headache, sweating and myalgia) and bronchopneumonia. (wikipedia.org)
  • As the disease progresses, however, the look can tend to lobar pneumonia. (wikipedia.org)
  • It can be defined according to its location in the lung (lobar pneumonia or bronchopneumonia). (adam.com)
  • In elderly or high-risk patients with pulmonary symptoms, perform chest radiography to exclude pneumonia. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, this form of pneumonia is atypical in presentation with only moderate amounts of sputum, no consolidation, only small increases in white cell counts, and no alveolar exudate. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is a rare form of pneumonia during pregnancy, and mostly caused by the fungus Coccidioidomycosis, in the third trimester. (momjunction.com)
  • However, the detection of viral pathogens does not always indicate active disease. (medscape.com)
  • Efficient detection of viral transmissions with Next-Generation Sequencing data. (cdc.gov)
  • common bacterial pathogens and atypical organisms respond to antimicrobial therapy. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • S. zooepidemicus has caused several outbreaks of hemorrhagic pneumonia in dogs in recent years. (tamu.edu)
  • With the project completed in February 2021, the project team hope to inform the current status of common pathogens causing pneumonia in children in LMIC and developing country settings, for better case management and inform vaccination policymakers. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Improved information regarding the pathogens causing pneumonia will help to identify and highlight research priorities in pediatric pneumonia and also enable health programs to develop improved control and prevention measures at the community level. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Because of the difficulty in distinguishing between the various etiologic agents, both viral and bacterial, causing pneumonia, the workup for symptomatic patients with an infiltrate on chest radiograph should include laboratory studies. (medscape.com)
  • Have a high index of suspicion for pneumonia in immunocompromised patients because symptoms can be atypical or muted. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia Pneumocystis jirovecii is a common cause of pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients, especially in those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and in those receiving systemic. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Additionally in China, acute respiratory distress syndrome developed in 20% to 30% of hospitalized patients with pneumonia, with a median time of eight days from symptom onset to respiratory distress. (cdc.gov)
  • Nous avons réalisé une étude prospective en recourant à la surveillance de la grippe basée sur des sites sentinelles dans le but de dépister le VRS grâce à la PCR en temps réel chez des patients souffrant d'infections respiratoires aiguës recrutés au cours de deux saisons (2014-2015 et 2015-2016). (who.int)
  • A bacteriological culture may be performed using a throat swab, expectorated throat sputum, or throat washings the respiratory tract of patients with pharyngitis, croup, bronchitis, or pneumonia. (medscape.com)
  • This organism may opportunistically colonize lungs with chronically damaged respiratory defenses, such as occurs with enzootic calf pneumonia or existing lung lesions of feedlot cattle, and cause a purulent bronchopneumonia. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Localized crepitations in a febrile child without underlying lung disease is pneumonia until proven otherwise. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Some forms of viral pneumonia, particularly adenoviral disease, tend to cause bronchiolitis obliterans and hyperlucent lung syndrome. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Physicians can struggle to tell which pathogen is causing a person's lung problems. (pulitzercenter.org)
  • Small children who develop pneumonia and survive are at risk for developing lung problems in adulthood. (adam.com)
  • Although miRNAs have been examined in Adv type 3-infected human laryngeal epithelial cells and Adv type 2-infected human lung fibroblast cells [ 19 , 20 ], there is no research about small RNA profiling in whole blood of Adv-infected pneumonia children. (hindawi.com)
  • While advances have been made in the management of childhood pneumonia, gaps remain that may hinder efforts to reduce morbidity and mortality. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Also, as a result of the project, the team can provide several biomarkers to predict bacterial pathogen as the pneumonia pathogen to avoid unnecessary antibiotic treatment. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Opportunistic pneumonias, caused by organisms that are usually harmless for people with a normal immune system, can arise in people with impaired immunity. (adam.com)
  • It is important to identify the infecting organisms, because they require different treatments, but the exact cause of pneumonia is only found in 30% to 40% of cases. (adam.com)
  • The most common bacterial pathogen overall is S pneumoniae , although, in some settings, including in the United States, its incidence is decreasing, possibly owing to vaccination. (medscape.com)
  • Persistent effusions and empyemas are the most common serious complications of bacterial pneumonia. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Pneumonia is considered the most common disease in both wild and captive bottlenose dolphins. (vin.com)
  • Pneumonia is the most common complication. (cdc.gov)
  • Viral meningitis is the most common form. (healthline.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with viral replication and host immune response. (hindawi.com)
  • Small RNAs include microRNA (miRNA), siRNA, tRFs, piRNA, and rasiRNAs, which regulate gene expression in a wide range of processes such as viral replication and host immune response. (hindawi.com)
  • miRNAs regulate gene expression in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes such as in immune response and viral replication [ 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Cardinal signs of resolution are: (1) limitation/cessation of PMN infiltration, (2) sequestration and counter-regulation of pro-inflammatory chemical mediators, (3) apoptosis of PMN and removal (e.g., by efferocytosis), (4) clearance of pathogens, inflammatory stimuli, and cell debris, and (5) tissue repair. (frontiersin.org)
  • citation needed] It is commonly known as "walking pneumonia" because its symptoms are often mild enough that one can still be up and about. (wikipedia.org)
  • Symptoms and signs depend on the pathogen and on the conditions compromising the immune system. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These highly upregulated microRNAs may have crucial roles in Adv pathogenesis and are potential biomarkers for adenovirus-infected pneumonia. (hindawi.com)
  • Recurrent meningitis can be viral, bacterial, or of noninfectious origin. (healthline.com)
  • Viral meningitis isn't typically transmitted from person to person. (healthline.com)
  • Recurrent viral meningitis, which is also known as Mollaret's meningitis , is typically caused by the herpes simplex virus . (healthline.com)
  • Coupled with identification of a viral pathogen and a low procalcitonin level, the likelihood of an invasive bacterial coinfection is very low, safely supporting a decision not to administer further antibiotics. (medscape.com)
  • Primary atypical pneumonia" is called primary because it develops independently of other diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2 As everyone now knows, these pathogens eventually played a critical role in the conquests of the New World, whose inhabitants had no immunity to the Old World diseases brought by the conquistadors and early settlers. (gutenberg-e.org)
  • Finally, the team determined several factors as a proxy to predict the worst outcome, which can help reduce mortality in hospitalized pediatrics pneumonia. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Facultative intracellular pathogens are able to live and reproduce either inside or outside of host cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • For hospital-acquired pneumonia, risk factors include: being very young or older, undergoing surgery, having a long-term (chronic) illness, being in the intensive care unit, receiving sedation, receiving antibiotics. (adam.com)
  • The combination of antibiotics with Silver Sol has been shown to enhance antibiotic function by as much as ten fold due to the fact that SilverSol kills the residual pathogens that the antibiotics cannot (2). (totalhealthmagazine.com)