• Glycoproteins are proteins which contain oligosaccharide chains covalently attached to amino acid side-chains. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glycoproteins are also often important integral membrane proteins, where they play a role in cell-cell interactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are now several methods to synthesize glycoproteins, including recombination and glycosylation of proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • This family consists of various coronavirus matrix proteins which are transmembrane glycoproteins. (nih.gov)
  • These studies aid in understanding how genes determining cell surface proteins can affect interactions between cells and confer viral disease resistance. (usda.gov)
  • Structural proteins are all encoded by the 3' terminus of the viral genome. (medsci.org)
  • As resistance against drugs targeting viral proteins emerges rapidly, we assessed the antiviral activity of already approved drugs that target cellular proteins involved in the viral life cycle and were orally bioavailable. (frontiersin.org)
  • The group antigens form the viral core structure and are the major proteins which comprise the nucleoprotein core particles. (ukessays.com)
  • LANA, a viral regulatory protein expressed during latent infection). (cdc.gov)
  • The CBAs act at an early step of DENV infection as they bind to the viral envelope of DENV and subsequently prevent virus attachment. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • This project is to discover and develop small molecule entry inhibitors for Ebola viral infection. (sbir.gov)
  • This argument is at odds with data from at least three independent studies showing Aβ fibrillization mediates host protective activities against viral infection. (alzforum.org)
  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults. (medscape.com)
  • Erratum to: Safety and efficacy of an E2 glycoprotein subunit vaccine produced in mammalian cells to prevent experimental infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus in cattle. (bvsalud.org)
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a viral infection that progressively destroys certain white blood cells and is treated with antiretroviral medications. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Glycoproteins vary greatly in composition, making many different compounds such as antibodies or hormones. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, animals that received a sham DNA vaccine (n = 12) had no detectable neutralizing antibodies against IDV, and viral RNA was readily detectable in respiratory tract tissues after intranasal challenge [3 x 10(5) TCID50] with IDV D/OK (n = 6) or D/660 (n = 6). (cdc.gov)
  • The nine E-glycoprotein-reactive monoclonal antibodies also neutralized dengue 2 virus in a plaque reduction assay. (ajtmh.org)
  • The protective monoclonal antibodies were directed against viral determinants that fell into at least three spatially separate families of epitopes on E-glycoprotein, the antigenicities of which were preserved after heat/detergent denaturation. (ajtmh.org)
  • The antibodies bind to three different regions of the glycoprotein of the Ebola virus, inhibiting viral replication. (nih.gov)
  • Monoclonal antibodies to the FLAG epitope served to monitor cell surface expression for functional analysis of the BFIV21 class I glycoprotein. (usda.gov)
  • Anti-Ebola virus glycoprotein (EBOV GP) binding and neutralising antibodies were measured at baseline and at predefined time points throughout the study. (plos.org)
  • Most current influenza vaccines target the immunodominant head domain of the viral HA and therefore antibodies produced by these vaccines are strain specific. (scienceboard.net)
  • The solution has identified and patented B cell epitopes of filovirus glycoprotein and has validated the ability of synthetic epitopes and their antibodies to capture host specific IgG responses in survivor serum and recombinant GP, respectively. (who.int)
  • J&J/Janssen COVID-19 vaccine, a viral vector vaccine has expired and is no longer available for use in the United States as of May 6, 2023. (cdc.gov)
  • Structural and immunological characterization of a linear virus-neutralizing epitope of the rabies virus glycoprotein and its possible use in a synthetic vaccine. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein N (gN/UL49.5) is a type I transmembrane protein conserved throughout the herpesvirus family. (mdpi.com)
  • gp41, the transmembrane subunit, mediates fusion of viral and cellular membranes [ 3 ]. (plos.org)
  • Contagious human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) binds to the receptors of human host cells by transmembrane spike glycoprotein that makes homotrimers protruding from viral surface region[ 9 , 10 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • These immune assays will be advanced by the development of standardized viral stocks, such as HIV-1 infectious molecular clones (IMC), that i) express a reporter gene, ii) are representative of globally diverse subtypes and iii) are engineered to easily exchange envelope (env) genes for expression of sequences of interest. (plos.org)
  • The HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoproteins are produced as a 160 kDa polyprotein that is subsequently processed to yield virion-associated, trimeric complexes of non-covalently associated gp120-gp41 heterodimers [ 1 , 2 ]. (plos.org)
  • The E1 viral membrane protein is required for formation of the viral envelope and is transported via the Golgi complex. (nih.gov)
  • Their envelope contains the ion channel forming M2 protein and the hemagglutinin (HA), and neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins. (frontiersin.org)
  • MARCH8 Targets Cytoplasmic Lysine Residues of Various Viral Envelope Glycoproteins. (cdc.gov)
  • Combinations of face envelope with T-shaped spikes measuring 7-10 key words such as Lassa fever and West Africa were nm and built with glycoprotein. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • N-linked, glycosylation can prevent proper glycoprotein folding and full inhibition can be toxic to an individual cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mechanism of action of these secondary metabolites may be due to their greater binding affinity for SARS-CoV-2 6LU7 and 6Y2E proteases and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 M protease (Mpro) and Spike (S) glycoprotein [ 6 - 22 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Experiments including photography of fluorescence in HSV-1g or plaque formation by HSV-1f, western blot assays, real-time RT-PCR assays, cytopathic effect inhibition assays, cytotoxicity assays, and viral absorption and penetration assays were performed to explore the antiviral effect and mechanism of the compounds. (molvis.org)
  • Among the most promising filovirus vaccines under development is a system based on recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) that expresses an individual filovirus glycoprotein (GP) in place of the VSV glycoprotein (G). The main concern with all replication-competent vaccines, including the rVSV filovirus GP vectors, is their safety. (nih.gov)
  • The Pan-Filovirus Rapid Diagnostic Test is premised on the identity of conserved epitopes of filovirus glycoprotein (GP) with potential for intra-genera differentiation. (who.int)
  • Our analysis of the spike glycoprotein of 2019-nCoV revealed several interesting findings: First, we identified 4 unique inserts in the 2019-nCoV spike glycoprotein that are not present in any other coronavirus reported till date. (healthimpactnews.com)
  • Further, 3D modelling suggests that at least 3 of the unique inserts which are non-contiguous in the primary protein sequence of the 2019-nCoV spike glycoprotein converge to constitute the key components of the receptor binding site. (healthimpactnews.com)
  • Spike glycoprotein (PDB Id: 6VSB) of the coronavirus was selected and analysed using immune epitope database server for prediction of potential immunogenic B and T-cell epitopes. (ijpsonline.com)
  • A total of five major Open Reading Frames (ORF) were found in COVID-19: the ORF 1a/b region coding replicase and other enzymes, the spike or S protein ORF, M or membrane glycoprotein ORF, E or small membrane protein ORF and the N or nucleocapsid ORF ( fig. 1 )[ 5 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Spike glycoprotein has two subunits, S1-responsible for its binding to host cell membrane receptors and S2-responsible for the fusion of viral and host cellular membrane[ 8 , 11 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • The spike glycoprotein sequence was retrieved from protein data bank (PDB) database. (ijpsonline.com)
  • A tale of two viruses: the distinct spike glycoproteins of feline coronaviruses. (vin.com)
  • Monitoring Viral Entry in Real-Time Using a Luciferase Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Producing SARS-CoV-2, EBOV, LASV, CHIKV, and VSV Glycoproteins. (cdc.gov)
  • The M protein or E1 glycoprotein is The coronavirus M protein is implicated in virus assembly. (nih.gov)
  • This was achieved by pseudotyping lentiviral vectors with a chimeric glycoprotein allowing for retrograde transport in combination with optimizing the promoter element used. (lu.se)
  • However, very specific promoter elements are rarely available and often large, limiting the usefulness in viral vectors. (lu.se)
  • 5 SARS-CoV-2 was isolated from the airway epithelial cells of patients with viral pneumonia in Wuhan. (medsci.org)
  • patients with viral loads greater than 30,000/μL are 18.5 times more likely to die of AIDS than those with undetectable viral loads. (medscape.com)
  • Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), an acute phase protein in serum assayed by single radial immunodiffusion using a commercially available kit, was found to significantly increase in mice infected with influenza A and B viruses. (usu.edu)
  • HA are homotrimeric glycoproteins found on the surface of influenza viruses. (scienceboard.net)
  • Based on the antigenic properties of these viral glycoproteins, influenza A viruses are classified into different subtypes. (frontiersin.org)
  • The influenza viruses are the most common viral cause of pneumonia. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, the viral fluorescence intensities were inhibited by SPS in a dose-dependent manner when the viruses or cells were preincubated with SPS. (molvis.org)
  • In studies investigating the impacts of retaining the E3 glycoprotein on mature virus outside of a host cell, we found this retention of E3 decreases receptor-mediated entry of cell targets that can be rescued on cells containing heparan sulfate suggesting viruses containing E3 on mature envelopes can utilize the E3 protein as an attachment factor. (purdue.edu)
  • It is induced by INTERFERON-GAMMA and blocks the release of enveloped mammalian viruses by directly tethering nascent VIRAL PARTICLES to the membranes of infected cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • If the immune system recognizes the peptides as foreign (such as viral or bacterial peptides), it triggers a response to attack the invading viruses or bacteria. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Emerging viral infections are among the major global public health concerns. (hindawi.com)
  • Consequently, reviewing medicinal plants used to treat different viral infections is mandatory. (hindawi.com)
  • From the 46 articles reviewed, a total of 111 plant species were claimed to treat viral infections. (hindawi.com)
  • The Ethiopian traditional knowledge applies a lot of medicinal plants to treat different viral infections. (hindawi.com)
  • Nowadays, traditional healers from different habitats and geographical locations are showing new candidate combinations for the treatment of viral infections such as SARS-CoV [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In conclusion, previously published data support the hypothesis that Aβ inhibits viral infections via an ancient, evolutionarily conserved, AMP agglutination pathway. (alzforum.org)
  • Two classes of approved drugs against influenza A virus infections have been available for years: adamantane-based M2 ion channel blockers, which prevent acidification of the endosome and therefore release of the viral particles into the cytosol ( 10 ), and neuraminidase inhibitors, which prevent the release of newly formed viral particles from infected cells ( 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Other genetic and environmental factors, for example certain bacterial and viral infections, also affect the chances of developing this disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Thus, the DC-SIGN/E-glycoprotein interaction can be considered as an important target for inhibitors of viral replication. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • possess anti-viral activity? (dtu.dk)
  • Do microRNAs induced by Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia virus in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) possess anti-viral activity? (dtu.dk)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Do microRNAs induced by Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia virus in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) possess anti-viral activity? (dtu.dk)
  • The development of oral anti-viral treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) has revolutionised the management of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in the last two decades. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] At present, six NAs have been approved as anti-viral therapy for CHB. (medscape.com)
  • Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), a fish rhabdovirus belonging to the Novirhabdovirus genus, causes severe disease and mortality in many marine and freshwater fish species worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Its presentation can range from asymptomatic illness to acute-onset viral hepatitis and hemorrhagic fever. (medscape.com)
  • Yellow fever is one of many causes of viral hemorrhagic fever . (medscape.com)
  • The NIAID Centers of Excellence for Translational Research (CETR) program supports research on immunotherapeutics against viral hemorrhagic fevers . (nih.gov)
  • This review article aims to review the ethnobotanical knowledge of medicinal plants traditionally used to treat different viral diseases by the Ethiopian people and suggests those plants as candidates to fight COVID-19. (hindawi.com)
  • Viral diseases are responsible for the global morbidity and mortality of human beings [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Targeting Polyamine Metabolism for Control of Human Viral Diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • Using an existing clone of the trout-avirulent VHSV-IVb strain MI03 (pVHSVmi), eight chimeric VHSV clones were constructed in which the coding region(s) of the glycoprotein (G), non-virion protein (NV), G and NV, or G, NV and L (polymerase) genes together, were exchanged between the two clones. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The overuse of nucleoside analogs, such as acyclovir (ACV), which suppresses viral DNA polymerase, has led to drug resistance. (molvis.org)
  • Similarities between the physical structures of avian and mammalian MHC class I glycoproteins have been proposed by comparative alignment of their amino acid sequences. (usda.gov)
  • A unique, chimeric class I glycoprotein was constructed by incorporating an epitope tag (FLAG) at the N terminus. (usda.gov)
  • The chimeric class I glycoprotein was expressed in target cells using an ALV derived retrovirus vector (RCASBP). (usda.gov)
  • It also exhaustively introduces the concrete mechanism of invading GC cells and the viral genome composition of adenovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). (frontiersin.org)
  • The retroviral promoter can direct high-level, efficient expression of genes encoded within the viral capsid of its genome using chromatin. (ukessays.com)
  • Identification of type-specific domains within glycoprotein G of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) recognized by the majority of patients infected with HSV-2, but not by those infected with HSV-1. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • In addition, 38 constructs were also created through a collaboration with Harvard university, aiming at mimicking the structure of the MPER on the surface of the viral particles. (europa.eu)
  • Importantly, viral absorption and penetration assays showed that the relative fluorescence intensity of HSV-1g was significantly reduced by SPS in a dose-dependent manner in the absorption test, but no change was observed in the penetration test. (molvis.org)
  • however, quantitative viral-load assays should not be used as a diagnostic tool. (medscape.com)
  • Here we show that a truncated form of HveC directly binds to HSV glycoprotein D (gD) in solution and at the surface of virions. (nih.gov)
  • We knew 13G8 binds to a viral glycoprotein called GP38, but it wasn't clear where that binding took place. (sciencedaily.com)
  • When reverse transcription is completed, the viral enzyme integrase looks for an appropriate storage place for the DNA, which the integrase clips the host DNA to and binds the double-stranded DNA into the host DNA. (ukessays.com)
  • Antigenic structure of rabies virus glycoprotein: ordering and immunological characterization of the large CNBr cleavage fragments. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Characterization of an antigenic determinant of the glycoprotein that correlates with pathogenicity of rabies virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • These two types of glycoproteins are distinguished by structural differences that give them their names. (wikipedia.org)
  • The critical structural element of all glycoproteins is having oligosaccharides bonded covalently to a protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • One of these structural changes altered the protein so that it could no longer function for viral resistance. (usda.gov)
  • The other structural change allowed normal viral resistance to occur but affected the shape of the protein on the surface of cells. (usda.gov)
  • Viral macrodomains: a structural and evolutionary assessment of the pharmacological potential. (cdc.gov)
  • Efficacy assessment in mice revealed that dextromethorphan consistently resulted in a significant reduction of viral lung titers and also enhanced the efficacy of oseltamivir. (frontiersin.org)
  • Their efficacy in patients with influenza viral pneumonia or severe influenza is unknown. (medscape.com)
  • To investigate the physical structure of the chicken class I glycoprotein we have cloned the cDNA representing the BFIV locus of the B21 haplotype. (usda.gov)
  • They use an integrase that acts in a site-specific manner to join the ends of the viral cDNA to target sequences in host cell DNA. (ukessays.com)
  • Glycoproteins of the cytosol and nucleus can be modified through the reversible addition of a single GlcNAc residue that is considered reciprocal to phosphorylation and the functions of these are likely to be an additional regulatory mechanism that controls phosphorylation-based signalling. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many of the more than 30 bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens that are transmissible sexually, including HIV, are transmitted predominantly through sexual intercourse. (who.int)
  • These RDTs could enable early detection and thereby control and prevention of viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) at the point of care within village settings. (who.int)
  • A chicken gene that produces a protein important for viral disease resistance was obtained and its DNA sequence was determined. (usda.gov)
  • All three virus studies support an antiviral activity for Aβ that involves viral agglutination. (alzforum.org)
  • A novel, linear B-cell epitope has been identified at the N terminus of the rabies virus (RABV) glycoprotein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Lassa fever is an acute viral zoonotic illness caused by Lassa virus, an arenavirus known to be responsible for a severe haemorrhagic fever characterised by fever, muscle aches, sore throat, nausea, vomiting and, chest and abdominal pain. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • An N-linked glycoprotein has glycan bonds to the nitrogen containing an asparagine amino acid within the protein sequence. (wikipedia.org)
  • An O-linked glycoprotein is where the sugar is bonded to an oxygen atom of a serine or threonine amino acid in the protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) is present on DC and recognizes N-glycosylation sites on the E-glycoprotein of DENV. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • oseltamivir significantly inhibited AGP levels and all other disease parameters regardless of size of viral inoculum. (usu.edu)
  • However, no specific medications and drugs are known to treat this viral disease. (hindawi.com)
  • Dextromethorphan treatment of ferrets infected with a pandemic H1N1 strain led to a reduction in clinical disease severity, but no effect on viral titer was observed. (frontiersin.org)
  • Depending on the virulence of the organism, as well as the age and comorbidities of the patient, viral pneumonia can vary from a mild, self-limited illness to a life-threatening disease. (medscape.com)
  • This knowledge sheds light on the potential of these mAbs to be effective against a broad range of CCHF viral strains. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Furthermore, these inserts are the same as certain glycoproteins in the HIV-1 virus. (healthimpactnews.com)
  • Utilization of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein levels in the serum as a parameter for in vivoassay of influenza virus inhibitors. (usu.edu)
  • Rabies virus glycoprotein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Rabies virus glycoprotein is a trimer. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Identification of amino acids controlling the low-pH-induced conformational change of rabies virus glycoprotein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Together, these data suggest that the E3 glycoprotein protects the fusion region of E1 on budded, mature virus dependent on the pH of the extracellular environment. (purdue.edu)
  • Es inducida por el INTERFERÓN GAMMA y bloquea la liberación de virus encapsulados en los mamíferos mediante el anclaje directo de los VIRIONES nacientes a la membrana de las células infectadas. (bvsalud.org)
  • Ross River Virus Immune Evasion Strategies and the Relevance to Post-viral Fatigue, and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Onset. (cdc.gov)
  • Lassa fe- Lassa virus in many more districts and states in en- ver is endemic in West Africa and has been reported demic countries of the West African sub-region and from Sierra Leone, Guinea, Liberia, and Nigeria4-7. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • Screening of a phage-display library demonstrated that two glycoprotein-specific mAbs recognized a conserved sequence, WxxxDI, which aligned between aa 14 and 19 of the mature glycoprotein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Host factor prioritization for pan-viral genetic perturbation screens using random intercept models and network propagation. (cdc.gov)