Viral genome into human. Medical search. Frequent questions

This approach has been called " genomic epidemiology "-using pathogen genome sequences to detect emerging diseases, assess their potential virulence and resistance to antibiotics, and monitor their spread in populations. (cdc.gov)
The entire text of the Guide is searchable, and tools are available for identifying human protein sequences using those from other species. (cshlpress.com)
More evolutionarily ancient HML-2 viruses showed the highest expression levels in human tissues, which may indicate that the activity of younger, less-degraded HERV fragments containing complete protein-coding sequences may be repressed by cells to prevent production of harmful viral proteins, the authors say. (scienceblog.com)
Qualitative RT-PCR for HCV RNA Test to detect HCV RNA by amplification of viral genetic sequences. (cdc.gov)
Quantitative assays for HCV RNA Tests to detect HCV RNA concentration (viral load) by amplification of viral genetic sequences or by signal amplification. (cdc.gov)
Broad Genomics Platform sequences a whole human genome every four minutes. (broadinstitute.org)
Virus detection often utilizes nucleic acid amplification to identify the presence of specific sequences in SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA. (neb.com)
Current diagnostic PCR assays target a variety of SARS CoV-2 genes and the vast majority target sequences in regions of the SARS CoV-2 genome that are highly conserved. (who.int)
The sequencing of the human genome revealed that at least 1% of the human genome consists of endogenous retroviral sequences, representing past encounters with retroviruses during the course of human evolution. (msdmanuals.com)
2019) Human Papillomavirus 16 sub-lineage dispersal and cervical cancer risk worldwide: whole viral genome sequences from 7 116 HPV16-positive women. (who.int)

The rate of occurrence of E6-E7 genes is the highest (88.9%) compared with that of other subgenomic fragments of HPV-16 in specimens of human cervical cancer in China. (nih.gov)
This implies that E6 and E7 may be the oncogenic genes of HPV-16 and play an important role in the carcinogenesis of human cervical epithelial cells. (nih.gov)
The mechanism that controls this is very complex because expression of viral proteins during latency is decreased a great deal, meaning that the virus must have transcription of its genes repressed. (wikipedia.org)
In the lytic phase, the viral genes are being actively transcribed and many times ultimately lead to cell death. (wikipedia.org)
Presenting the genes of the human genome in their biological context, Guide to the Human Genome is an extensive online resource (also available in print) that provides easy access to information about human genes and their roles in specific processes. (cshlpress.com)
In the online version, these sections contain links to more information about proteins encoded by over 17,000 known or predicted human genes. (cshlpress.com)
Viral infection of sperm or egg cells can result in viral genes being permanently incorporated into the host genome, and the genetic remnants of ancient viruses - known as human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) - make up about 8% of the human genome. (scienceblog.com)
Although no longer infectious, some HERVs still contain intact genes, and the production of HERV RNA transcripts in human cells has been linked to some cancers. (scienceblog.com)
Researchers have generated the full set of distances, routes and degrees of separation between any two human genes, creating a map of gene "shortcuts" that aims to simplify the hunt for disease-causing genes in monogenic diseases. (sciencedaily.com)
The investigation, spearheaded by Yuval Itan, a postdoctoral fellow in the St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, has led to the creation of what he calls the human gene connectome, the full set of distances, routes (the genes on the way), and degrees of separation, between any two human genes. (sciencedaily.com)
The researchers also used the TLR3 connectome -- the set of all human genes sorted by their predicted distance from TLR3 -- to successfully predict two other genes, EFGR and SRC, as part of the TLR3 pathway before they were experimentally validated, and applied other gene connectomes to detect Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and sensorineural hearing loss disease causing genes. (sciencedaily.com)
The human gene connectome is, to the best of our knowledge, the only currently available prediction of the specific route and distance between any two human genes of interest, making it ideal to solve the needle in the haystack problem of detecting the single disease causing gene in a large set of potentially fatal genes," says Itan. (sciencedaily.com)
Approaches based on the human gene connectome have the potential to significantly increase the discovery of disease-causing genes for diseases that are genetically understood in some patients as well as for those that are not well studied. (sciencedaily.com)
Because of their ability to integrate their genetic code into the code of their host, viral genes are found hidden in the genetic codes of many living things all over the world, from bacteria to humans, in habits from deep in the ocean to inside Arctic ice, and even sometimes falling from the sky. (livescience.com)
1 It turns out that the bacterial genome has a few high-level instructions that control a few middle-level processes, that in turn control a massive number of protein-coding genes. (creation.com)
In participating UK research institutions, investigators can publish open access in Genome Research, Genes & Development, RNA, and Learning & Memory without article publication charges and all staff can read the entire renowned Cold Spring Harbor journal collection. (cshlpress.com)
Recognition of the genome of a virus initiates a signaling cascade that results in the expression of several hundreds of genes that are capable of blocking various stages of viral replication. (pasteur.fr)
Galls upon plants of species that support infection by virus particles as well as upon non-host plants were analysed by immunoblotting using antisera specific to proteins encoded by viral genes I, IV and VI. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Arcturus' proprietary UNA technology can be used to target any gene in the human genome, as well as viral genes, and other species for therapeutic purposes. (prnewswire.com)

By investigating two of these receptors during infection by dengue and Zika viruses, scientists from the Institut Pasteur discovered that a precise region of the viral genome was recognized by a receptor known as RIG-I. Their discovery paves the way for the future development of vaccines for these diseases. (pasteur.fr)
Purified DNA will be analyzed for 37 types of HPV by means of a multiplex polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) assay targeted to the conserved L1 region of the viral genome, using PGYM09/11 primer pools and primers for ß-globin (33). (cdc.gov)

I see +ssRNA, -ssRNA and dsRNA genomes as all part of the same process of RNA replication, just depends which has evolved to be put in the virion. (virology.ws)
This was possible in the lab because the molecular biology of replication is well characterised and that measles virus is polyploid allowing the engineering of a tri-segmented genome that can replicate and be packaged into virions. (virology.ws)
I think beside the benefit of genetic reassortment, having a segmented genome in influenza would probably mean all 8 segments can be made into proteins at the same time, shortening replication time. (virology.ws)
Dengue and Zika virus infection has been found to up against a human and mosquito immune defense mechanism and highjack specific host proteins for virus replication. (medindia.net)
We can use the little errors that emerge during viral replication to piece together the historical spread of viruses. (medindia.net)
The high levels of HIV-1 replication in many hosts, coupled with the large numbers of viral mutants that are produced, ensure that resistance will emerge. (virology.ws)
Influenza virus shares similar features as HIV-1: high replication rates in many hosts, and the generation of large numbers of viral mutants. (virology.ws)
A new U.S. study published on the bioRxiv * preprint server reports the use of an amiloride-based scaffold that targets a viral RNA structure known to be essential in viral replication in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of the virus. (news-medical.net)
The virus exploits the host machinery to facilitate efficient viral replication, which ultimately leads to progression of infection. (news-medical.net)
Specifically, they identified the presence of stem-loops at the 5' end of the RNA genome and other structures involved in frameshifting and replication. (news-medical.net)
These are apparently cis-elements involved in regulating viral replication. (news-medical.net)
Some viruses have an outer envelope consisting of protein and lipid, surrounding a protein capsid complex with genomic RNA or DNA and sometimes enzymes needed for the first steps of viral replication. (msdmanuals.com)
Classification of viruses is principally according to their genome sequence taking into consideration nature and structure of their genome and their method of replication, but not according to the diseases they cause (see International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), 2021 release ). (msdmanuals.com)
Collectively, our findings help to elucidate that SREBPs are crucial host factors required for viral replication and pathogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the impact of viral growth on cellular structures and its replication kinetics may offer better strategies for the development of new drugs with antiviral properties. (bvsalud.org)
Using HSV-1 as our primary model system, you will investigate the roles of internal DNA pressure for viral replication. (lu.se)

The capsid proteins are viral protein 1 (VP1) and viral protein 2 (VP2). (medscape.com)
Having a segmented genome is another way to get around the limitation that eukaryotic mRNAs can only encode one protein. (virology.ws)
Viruses with segmented RNA genomes can produce at least one protein per segment, sometimes more. (virology.ws)
Two protein-protein interaction sites on the spliceosome-associated human cyclophilin CypH. (nih.gov)
For each protein, basic characteristics about its composition and length, its human relatives and relatedness to proteins in other species, and direct links to resources at NCBI are included. (cshlpress.com)
The B.1.1.7 variant contains several mutations, including several in the gene that encodes the viral spike protein. (eurekalert.org)
An enzyme (protein) that's part of the human immunodeficiency virus reads the sequence of viral RNA nucleic acids (yellow in graphic) that have entered the host cell and transcribes the sequence into a complementary DNA sequence (shown in blue). (cellsalive.com)
What apparently happened is that the mutation that causes drug-resistance, a change from histidine to tyrosine at position 274 of the viral NA protein, emerged in parts of the world were little Tamiflu is used. (virology.ws)
This response is activated when RIG-I-like protein receptors (also known as RLRs) recognize viral genomes. (pasteur.fr)
The viral S gene is important as it codes for the Spike protein which is the molecule that makes contact with, and allows entry of the virus into susceptible host cells, causing infection. (who.int)
Some mutations in the S gene may lead to changes in the spike protein which result in inhibition of contact and entry of the virus into human cells, however in the case of the VOC, they contain mutations in the S gene that enhance the process of contact and entry into human cells, increasing transmissibility of the virus. (who.int)
Herpesviruses consist of a double-stranded DNA genome contained within a protein shell, termed the capsid, that is surrounded by an unstructured protein layer and a lipid-envelope. (lu.se)

Most of the 61 articles on human genomics were related to epidemiology. (cdc.gov)
CDC-authored articles on human genomics, 2012. (cdc.gov)
The GCID has led many technical, analytical, and translational advances that have revolutionized the application of genomics to viral human disease. (broadinstitute.org)
GCID scientists conduct additional work on viral genomics through the Broad Institute's Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program . (broadinstitute.org)
In November 2022, Broad's Genomics Platform sequenced its 500,000th whole human genome, a mere four years after sequencing its 100,000th. (broadinstitute.org)
Using an RLR-purification technique in conjunction with high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, "we demonstrated that a precise region of the genomes of the dengue and Zika viruses (known as the 5' untranslated region) was recognized by RIG-I," explains Nolwenn Jouvenet, a scientist in the Viral Genomics and Vaccination Unit at the Institut Pasteur and last author of the paper. (pasteur.fr)
The mission of the Bacterial Genomics Group at Broad is to develop and implement 'omics methodologies to answer pressing questions related to bacteria and their role in human health. (broadinstitute.org)
The goals of the Broad Viral Genomics Group are to pioneer the application of these technologies to address the crucial unanswered biological questions in viral disease, and to foster a community of research leaders focused on using genomics to advance preventative and therapeutic strategies for viral diseases. (broadinstitute.org)

Human herpes viruses, also known as HHVs, are part of a family of DNA viruses that cause several diseases in humans. (wikipedia.org)
Human herpesviruses are all double stranded DNA viruses that enter the nucleus of the host cell. (wikipedia.org)
The 2009 H1N1 pandemic strain is a reassortant of avian, human, and swine influenza viruses. (virology.ws)
However: why are there perfectly good and successful (-) sense viruses with single-component genomes, like rabies and mumps, then? (virology.ws)
In my view, all viruses should have plus strand RNA genomes! (virology.ws)
Remnants of ancient viruses in the human genome are active in healthy tissues as well as diseased ones, limiting their utility as disease biomarkers, according to a study by Aidan Burn at Tufts University in Boston, USA and colleagues, publishing October 18th in the open access journal PLOS Biology . (scienceblog.com)
Among viruses that aren't yet zoonotic, the top-ranking virus - or the one that is most likely to both hop from animals to people and cause a pandemic - was coronavirus 229E (bat strain), which belongs to the same viral family as SARS-CoV-2 and infects bats in Africa. (livescience.com)
Unlike humans, viruses do not have a genetic repair system," says Henrik Salje. (medindia.net)
The drug selects, from the diverse viral population in an individual, those viruses that can multiply in its presence. (virology.ws)
Antibodies to influenza viruses (including the human A2-Asian-57 strain) in sera from Australian shearwaters (Puffinus pacificus). (cdc.gov)
Unraveling the molecular mechanisms used by human cells to detect viral infections will help improve understanding of the diseases caused by these viruses. (pasteur.fr)
Genetic remnants of viruses that are naturally present in the human genome could affect the development of neurodegenerative diseases. (dzne.de)
Specifically, this involved HERV-W and HERV K - both viruses are present in the human genome but are usually dormant. (dzne.de)
Positive-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded RNA genome that can serve as messenger RNA (mRNA) that can be directly translated to produce an amino acid sequence. (msdmanuals.com)
Negative-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded negative-sense genome that first must synthesize a complementary positive-sense antigenome, which is then used to make genomic negative-sense RNA. (msdmanuals.com)
Examples of retroviruses are the human immunodeficiency viruses and the human T-cell leukemia viruses. (msdmanuals.com)
the genome of RNA viruses ranges from 3.5 kilobases (some retroviruses) to 27 kilobases (some reoviruses), and the genome of DNA viruses ranges from 5 kilobases (some parvoviruses) to 280 kilobases (some poxviruses). (msdmanuals.com)

Additional links to NCBI resources are provided for human noncoding RNAs and repeated DNA elements and for proteins of interest from other species. (cshlpress.com)
A host of viral RNAs and other RNAs involved in disease processes have also been demonstrated to be targeted effectively by small molecules. (news-medical.net)

HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. (cdc.gov)
With about 10 16 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genomes on the planet today, it is highly probable that somewhere there exist HIV genomes that are resistant to every one of the antiviral drugs that we have now or are likely to have in the future. (virology.ws)

De Grazia S , Giammanco GM , Martella V , Ramirez S , Colomba C , Cascio A , Rare AU-1-like G3P[9] human rotaviruses with a Kun-like NSP4 gene detected in children with diarrhea in Italy. (cdc.gov)
We believe the human gene connectome will provide a shortcut in the search for disease-causing mutations in monogenic diseases. (sciencedaily.com)
Itan and his colleagues, including researchers from the Necker Hospital for Sick Children, the Pasteur Institute in Paris, and Ben-Gurion University in Israel, designed applications for the use of the human gene connectome. (sciencedaily.com)
To test how well the human gene connectome could predict a disease-causing gene, the researchers sequenced exomes -- all DNA of the genome that is coding for proteins -- of two patients recently shown to carry mutations of a separate gene, TBK1. (sciencedaily.com)
The human gene connectome should also progress the general field of human genetics by predicting the nature of unknown genetic mechanisms. (sciencedaily.com)
The product of viral gene VI was present in all plants tested, but no other viral gene products could be detected in any host. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a member of the alpha subfamily of herpesviruses and is responsible for the human diseases of the chicken pox and shingles. (wikipedia.org)
The experience, resources, and innovative capacity of this group will all be necessary to fully address the significant gaps that remain in our understanding and ability to respond to the ongoing threat posed by viral diseases. (broadinstitute.org)
Gastroenteritis Branch in the Division of Viral Diseases at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
These two diseases are transmitted to humans by mosquitoes of the Aedes genus, for which surveillance has been stepped up in France from May to November 2018 since the tiger mosquito ( Aedes albopictus ) is now present in 42 French départements, twice as many as two years ago. (pasteur.fr)
It has been suspected for some time that viral infections contribute to the genesis and development of neurodegenerative diseases. (dzne.de)
Viral diseases have an enormous impact on human health worldwide. (broadinstitute.org)
Although gut microbes have been explored for several decades, investigations of the role of microorganisms that reside in the human gut has attracted much attention beyond classical infectious diseases. (bmj.com)
1 2 A large number of recent papers and reviews have covered different aspects of the microbiome and its potential role in human health, including the early life 3-5 but also specific diseases, such as cardiometabolic disorders, inflammatory bowel diseases, neuropsychiatric diseases and cancer. (bmj.com)

It is suggested that HPV-16 infection may be an etiological factor in the development of human cervical carcinoma. (nih.gov)
Nucleic acid amplification via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been used to detect human bocavirus in respiratory samples from children with acute respiratory tract infection worldwide. (medscape.com)
The pathophysiology of human bocavirus infection is not yet fully understood. (medscape.com)
LAT manages this suppression of the viral genome through miRNAs that block viral transcription factors such as ICP0 and ICP4 that play a very important role in the lytic phase of infection. (wikipedia.org)
John Coffin, the senior author, adds, "We have found that nearly all normal human tissues express, in their RNA, one or another of about three dozen endogenous proviruses, remnants of widespread retrovirus infection of our distant ancestors. (scienceblog.com)
Studying tissue-specific and single-cell characterizations of host response and viral dynamics during viral hemorrhagic fever infection. (broadinstitute.org)
We discuss the different vectored vaccines that have been or are currently in clinical trials, with a forward-looking focus on immunogens that may be protective against seasonal and pandemic influenza infection, in the context of viral-vectored vaccines. (mdpi.com)
No evidence of sustained human-to-human transmission has been found, and no human cases of H7N9 virus infection have been detected outside China, including the United States. (cdc.gov)
Vaccines, which induce the production of antibodies that recognize and binding to very specific viral surface molecules, are an unlikely player in fighting HIV, because throughout infection, HIV surface molecules are continually changing. (cellsalive.com)
The human papillomavirus (HPV) in oral rinse estimates the prevalence and determinants of oral HPV infection in the United States population. (cdc.gov)
On infection, HIV spreads through the human body after it incorporates its DNA into the host cells' genome. (genengnews.com)
To date, WHO has designated 4 SARS CoV-2 genotypes that meet the working definition of a VOC: i) contain mutations divergent from the Wuhan strain and ii) that the mutations impact one or more of the aspects of viral infection that have public health significance. (who.int)
No distinction between confirmed, apparently isolated bocavirus-associated disease and any other nonspecific viral respiratory infection has been established. (medscape.com)
The physical examination findings are similar to those of a typical viral respiratory infection. (medscape.com)
High viral load of human bocavirus correlates with duration of wheezing in children with severe lower respiratory tract infection. (medscape.com)
OBJECTIVE: To contribute to knowledge of the virus infection effects in a cellular model, which is important for diagnosis infections not yet included in a provider´s differential diagnosis and for developing viral inhibition strategies. (bvsalud.org)
FINDINGS: We follow the viral isolation in Vero cell culture from a Mpox positive clinically diagnosed sample and show the infection effects on cellular structures using a TEM. (bvsalud.org)

METHODS: We describe a virus isolation protocol for a human clinical sample from a patient from Brazil, the viral growth in a cell model through plaque forming units (PFU) assay, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). (bvsalud.org)

[ 3 , 4 ] More recently, human bocavirus has been implicated in respiratory tract infections in adults and in acute gastroenteritis in children and adults. (medscape.com)
It has always been necessary for researchers to visualise pathogenic microorganisms in their host cell's environment, in order to define the host-pathogen interactions contributing to viral infections. (pasteur.fr)
On March 29, 2013, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention completed laboratory confirmation of three human infections with an avian influenza A(H7N9) virus not previously reported in humans ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
As of April 29, 2013, China had reported 126 confirmed H7N9 infections in humans, among whom 24 (19%) died ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
The source of the human infections remains under investigation. (cdc.gov)
Cells defend themselves against viral infections by rapidly triggering an innate immune response. (pasteur.fr)
Human bocavirus: passenger or pathogen in acute respiratory tract infections? (medscape.com)

Wuhan strain will continue to arise, yet not all viral variants generated through mutation of the virus are important or have immediate public health relevance. (who.int)

Extraction of RNA is often the first step in viral detection assays and has become an increasingly important laboratory technique in the midst of this global pandemic. (neb.com)
Overall, these assays and approaches detect specific mutations or features such as insertions, deletions and point mutations in the SARS CoV-2 genome that are characteristic of a particular VOC/VOI using PCR. (who.int)
Successful SARS-CoV-2 inactivation allows its safe use in Biosafety Level 2 facilities, and the use of the whole viral particle helps in the development of analytical methods and a more reliable immune response, contributing to the development and improvement of in vitro and in vivo assays. (bvsalud.org)

Matthijnssens J , Ciarlet M , Heiman E , Arijs I , Delbeke T , McDonald SM , Full genome-based classification of rotaviruses reveals a common origin between human Wa-like and porcine rotavirus strains and human DS-1-like and bovine rotavirus strains. (cdc.gov)
By producing a phylogenetic tree of the Zika virus in Thailand, the scientists discovered that the viral strains within Thailand were genetically very different from each other, and their ancestor seems to have appeared in the country in 2002. (medindia.net)
In South America, all the viral strains are very similar to each other. (medindia.net)
These findings could also pave the way for the development of viral strains that induce a robust innate response and thus could be used as live attenuated vaccines. (pasteur.fr)
Of the 120 strains of Variola virus in the Russian collection, 55 isolates had been selected for further investigation, involving viability studies, biological characterization and genome analysis. (who.int)

To avoid elimination by this mechanism, human papillomaviruses (HPV) have developed several mechanisms that enable the cells they infect to elude both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
Scientists in the Broad community are sequencing and analyzing the genomes of a wide range of insects and microorganisms to understand their genetic regulation, population variation, and specialized genomic mechanisms. (broadinstitute.org)
Once the provirus is integrated into the host cell DNA, it is transcribed using typical cellular mechanisms to produce viral proteins and genetic material. (msdmanuals.com)
These studies will provide new insights into the key mechanisms facilitating as well as inhibiting viral infectivity. (lu.se)

Find that Viral miRNAs Mimic Human. (genengnews.com)

Retroviruses use reverse transcription to create a double-stranded DNA copy (a provirus) of their RNA genome, which is inserted into the genome of their host cell. (msdmanuals.com)

Other segmented viral genomes include those of reoviruses, arenaviruses, and bunyaviruses. (virology.ws)
Why do totiviruses have single-component dsRNA genomes when reoviruses need 10-12 components? (virology.ws)

To gain in-depth insights into the viral population and to perform detailed characterization of viral genomes, we used a new approach combining long-range PCR with next-generation and third-generation sequencing which allowed near full-length sequencing of HEV-3 genomes. (nature.com)

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the main causes of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. (nature.com)
It is a hepatotropic, approximately 7.2 kb single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus whose genome contains three open reading frames (ORF1, ORF2, and ORF3), 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs), and a poly(A) tract at the 3′ end. (nature.com)
Human bocavirus (HBoV) was first described in 2005 by a group of Swedish scientists who identified a previously uncharacterized virus in the respiratory secretions of acutely ill children. (medscape.com)
Human bocavirus is a small, single-molecule, linear DNA, nonenveloped virus with a nucleocapsid measuring 18-26 nm and a genome length of 4000-6000 nucleotides. (medscape.com)
[ 1 , 2 ] Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome of human bocavirus (see image below) has shown that the virus is most closely related to the significant veterinary pathogens bovine parvovirus and canine minute virus (hence the name, boca virus), which are members of the genus Bocavirus, family Parvoviridae. (medscape.com)
The breakthrough came in 1994, when the Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus (human herpesvirus type 8 [HHV-8]) was identified using representational difference analysis. (medscape.com)
Using this approach, they were able to observe the AIDS virus and its capsids (containing the HIV genome) within cells at a scale of 30 nanometres, for the first time with light. (pasteur.fr)
This new method has helped researchers visualise the AIDS Virus and localise its capsids in human cells, at a scale of 30 nm. (pasteur.fr)
Zika virus is transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes which causes mild fever with maculopapular rash. (medindia.net)
The virus enters human cells via endocytosis by binding the ACE2 receptor and releasing its positive-sense RNA genome. (news-medical.net)
RIG-I Recognizes the 5' Region of Dengue and Zika Virus Genomes, Cell Reports , July 10, 2018. (pasteur.fr)
The expression of cauliflower mosaic virus proteins was examined in crown gall tissue transformed by integration of virus genome DNA into plant host chromosomes by Agrobacterium tumefaciens- mediated transfer. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Initiation of translation of the cauliflower mosaic virus genome from a polycistronic mRNA: evidence from deletion mutagenesis. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The VOC differ from the original Wuhan virus as they have mutations across the genome. (who.int)
Several reports of isolated human bocavirus in patients with wheezing episodes suggest that it primarily causes obstructive respiratory disease, is a secondary inflammatory response (similar to respiratory syncytial virus), or acts as a trigger to patients who are susceptible to reactive airways, such as those with preexisting asthma. (medscape.com)
This manageable size together with the current advances in nucleotide sequencing technology means that partial and whole virus genome sequencing will become an essential component in epidemiologic investigations of disease outbreaks. (msdmanuals.com)

and viral genome condensation for virion assembly. (news-medical.net)

A TriPPPro-Nucleotide Reporter with Optimized Cell-Permeable Dyes for Metabolic Labeling of Cellular and Viral DNA in Living Cells. (uni-hamburg.de)
It is known that the innate immune response is based on the recognition of viral genomes by cellular receptors. (pasteur.fr)
Over 100 fungi have been sequenced, including human and plant pathogens as well as fungi that serve as basic models for molecular and cellular biology. (broadinstitute.org)

A research for the relationship between human papillomavirus and human uterine cervical carcinoma. (nih.gov)
In human cervical neoplasia human papillomavirus (HPV) type 18 has a higher cancer/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) prevalence ratio than HPV 16. (nih.gov)

From the results of Southern blot hybridization, it appeared that HPV-16 DNA had been integrated into the genome of the host cell in cervical cancer. (nih.gov)
This newly developed approach represents a significant advance in molecular biology, opening the door to less invasive and more precise analyses of pathogenic microorganisms present in human host cells. (pasteur.fr)
These structures must dismantle in order for the viral genome to integrate itself into the host cell's genome. (pasteur.fr)
Without reverse transcriptase, the viral genome couldn't become incorporated into the host cell, and couldn't reproduce. (cellsalive.com)
Viral DNA joins host DNA b. (cellsalive.com)
Microbes that reside in the human gut are key contributors to host metabolism and are considered potential sources of novel therapeutics. (bmj.com)
Dr. Loyter contends that while HIV integrates its DNA into the human genome, it inserts enough DNA to replicate but avoids host genome instability, which could lead to programmed death of the infected cells. (genengnews.com)

Furthermore, we developed a targeted ultra-deep sequencing approach to assess the dynamics of clinically relevant mutations in the RdRp-region and to detect insertions in the HVR-domain in the HEV genomes. (nature.com)

direct detection of viral antigens in respiratory secretions using immunofluorescence or enzyme immunoassay. (cdc.gov)
Systematically discovering viral antigens using thousands of rationally designed oligonucleotides. (broadinstitute.org)

Mutagenesis studies confirm that hydrophobic residues in the centre of the three-helix bundle are crucial for capsid assembly and stability, and for viral infectivity. (nature.com)

Our work on Ebola gave us the confidence that we could sequence any organism, including the human genome. (nih.gov)
We had established a very robust metagenomic platform that enabled us to sequence the whole genome of the first SARS-CoV-2 in Africa from the first index case in Nigeria within 48 hours of receiving the samples. (nih.gov)
The large black area is a repeat that the human genome project skipped over (they did not yet have the technology to sequence highly repetitive DNA). (creation.com)

Virology question of the week: why a segmented viral genome? (virology.ws)

Genomes are found at all three corners of the epidemiologic triangle: human or animal hosts are engaged in genomic contests with pathogens of all kinds, played out in an environment teeming with the genomes of other people, animals, plants, and microbes. (cdc.gov)
Other known pathogens were detected along with human bocavirus in 58% of stool samples in one study from Spain. (medscape.com)

Thus, this molecular approach will add incrementally to our current knowledge of the HEV-genome organization and pathogenesis in chronic hepatitis E. (nature.com)

The genomic detection and epidemiology of emerging viral threats in humans and vectors. (broadinstitute.org)

The focus is on pathogen genomes, applying advances in molecular and bioinformatics methods first developed for human genome research. (cdc.gov)

He has won numerous honors for his accomplishments, including the 2019 African Prize from the Human Genome Organization. (nih.gov)

CRISPR-Cas9, an RNA-guided genome editing technology, is revolutionizing cell biology due to the ease and efficiency by which it enables genetic manipulation of mammalian cells. (stemcell.com)
This Technical Bulletin provides instructions for CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing and maintenance of human CD34 + cells, including optimized pre- and post-editing culture conditions and methods to evaluate genome editing efficiency. (stemcell.com)
While CRISPR-Cas9 technology has been successfully applied in numerous cell lines, its application in primary human CD34 + cells has been hampered by challenges in efficient expression and delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 components. (stemcell.com)
These mutations increase the spike's ability to bind to the ACE2 receptor on human cells. (eurekalert.org)
In particular, the loss of ALKBH6 in human pancreatic cancer cells increases alkylating agent-induced DNA damage and significantly decreases cell survival. (frontiersin.org)
Overall, our data suggest that ALKBH6 is required to maintain the integrity of the genome and promote cell survival of pancreatic cancer cells. (frontiersin.org)
Using cell cultures, the researchers simulated the situation in which human cells produce certain proteins from the envelope of endogenous retroviruses. (dzne.de)
The current research and earlier studies by Vorberg's team suggest that viral proteins serve as transport mediators for tau aggregates because they insert into the cell membrane and into the membrane of so-called extracellular vesicles: These are small fat bubbles that are naturally secreted by cells. (dzne.de)
Moreover, the current understanding is that some gut bacteria may also achieve this goal by communicating with human cells and mostly by promoting immune interactions. (bmj.com)
They developed a mix of peptides along with the protease inhibitor Ro 31-8959 that penetrated infected cells and stimulated the activity of the viral integrase. (genengnews.com)
This in turn increased the number of viral DNA molecules integrated into the infected cells, which put the cells into panic mode, causing self-destruction. (genengnews.com)
Dijkman R, Koekkoek SM, Molenkamp R, Schildgen O, van der Hoek L. Human bocavirus can be cultured in differentiated human airway epithelial cells. (medscape.com)

Capsids are conical structures which contain the HIV genome. (pasteur.fr)
The difficulty of finding effective antivirals in the current pandemic has stimulated the search for better drug development approaches that will reveal targetable viral structures, thus helping to prevent and treat both the current and any future coronavirus outbreaks. (news-medical.net)

What genomic studies are CDC public health scientists doing-and which genomes are they writing about? (cdc.gov)

A triangle demonstrates LTR driven transcription of viral ORF shown. (scienceblog.com)

The researchers say this heralds the application of these molecules as chemical probes to explore viral biology and produce specific antivirals targeting RNA regions of the coronavirus genome. (news-medical.net)

Therefore, to capture the heterogeneity of the HEV quasispecies, including recombination events and SNP that occur with very low frequencies, we developed new sequencing approaches for HEV genotype 3 based on the amplification of the near full-length genome of HEV by long-range PCR (lrPCR) followed by subsequent next-generation sequencing (NGS) and third-generation sequencing. (nature.com)

We expect this finding to provide a basis for further studies to understand the role of these elements in human biology and disease. (scienceblog.com)

Cloning of a human parvovirus by molecular screening of respiratory tract samples. (medscape.com)
Human bocavirus: a novel parvovirus epidemiologically associated with pneumonia requiring hospitalization in Thailand. (medscape.com)

Herpesviruses are a leading cause of human viral disease. (lu.se)

Now, Vorberg's team found that the viral proteins facilitate the transport of so-called t au aggregates from cell to cell. (dzne.de)

Of the 58 human-derived samples, 26 (45%) were collected through surveillance or epidemiologic surveys and 10 (17%) were from outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
Almost all confirmed cases have been sporadic, with no epidemiologic link to other human cases, and are presumed to have resulted from exposure to infected birds ( 3,4 ). (cdc.gov)

Therefore, these data will help toward better understanding of genome functioning and designing effective anti-viral therapeutics. (researchgate.net)
fective anti-viral therapeutics. (researchgate.net)
And for most viral threats, our ability to respond is hampered by a lack of systematic, high-throughput methods that evaluate and inform the development of therapeutics and vaccines. (broadinstitute.org)
The human gut microbiota is viewed as a potential source of novel therapeutics. (bmj.com)

H3K9me2 was found at several paternally methylated imprinted regions in sperm, suggesting that this histone mark signals special sites of the paternal genome where methylation is maintained. (i-sis.org.uk)
After fertilization, the sperm genome is rapidly stripped of protamines and most, but not all histones. (i-sis.org.uk)

Viral gastroenteritis. (cdc.gov)

In the latent phase the amount of viral transcript is heavily reduced. (wikipedia.org)

We recently discovered a high internal DNA pressure of tens of atmospheres in HSV-1 capsids, resulting from tight genome confinement and repulsive DNA-DNA interactions. (lu.se)

Therefore, genome-wide understanding of these elements holds great therapeutic promise. (researchgate.net)

Human bocavirus and acute wheezing in children. (medscape.com)

According to this study, the culprits would be "endogenous retroviruses" that are naturally present in the human genome. (dzne.de)

Unfortunately, influenza vaccine composition needs to be updated annually due to antigenic shift and drift in the viral immunogen hemagglutinin (HA). (mdpi.com)
Esta página contiene una descripción breve de los antecedentes, una línea de tiempo y un resumen de los brotes importantes de influenza aviar que se produjeron en el pasado en aves silvestres, aves de corral domésticas y personas. (cdc.gov)
The 1999-2000 avian influenza (H7N1) epidemic in Italy: veterinary and human health implications. (cdc.gov)

The genome of human bocavirus. (medscape.com)
The vast majority of human bocavirus-positive samples have been derived from infants and young children. (medscape.com)
[ 8 ] To further cloud the picture, human bocavirus 2 (HBoV2) and human bocavirus 3 (HBoV3) are newly discovered bocaviruses. (medscape.com)
A newly identified bocavirus species in human stool. (medscape.com)
Human bocavirus in the nasopharynx of otitis-prone children. (medscape.com)
Blessing K, Neske F, Herre U, Kreth HW, Weissbrich B. Prolonged detection of human bocavirus DNA in nasopharyngeal aspirates of children with respiratory tract disease. (medscape.com)

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