AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation ScienceHealth Care
DNA ReplicationReplication OriginEukaryotic CellsMinichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2Minichromosome Maintenance ProteinsOrigin Recognition ComplexMinichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 7Cell Cycle ProteinsDNA HelicasesDNA-Binding ProteinsReplication Protein CMolecular Sequence DataProliferating Cell Nuclear AntigenMinichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 4DNA Polymerase IIBase SequenceS PhaseDNA Polymerase ISaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsChromatinSaccharomyces cerevisiaeDNADNA Polymerase IIINuclear ProteinsAmino Acid SequenceDNA, FungalCell CycleDNA, ViralProtein BindingReplication Protein ASchizosaccharomycesChromosomal Proteins, Non-HistoneDNA-Directed DNA PolymerasePlasmidsXenopus ProteinsDNA Replication TimingMutationXenopusCell LineDNA PrimaseViral ProteinsEscherichia coliAphidicolinHeLa CellsDNA Topoisomerases, Type IDNA RepairDNA DamageDNA, Single-StrandedNucleic Acid ConformationCell NucleusTranscription, GeneticHydroxyureaBinding SitesSimian virus 40Templates, GeneticKineticsCloning, MolecularDNA, BacterialRepliconRNA, ViralRecombination, GeneticDNA, SuperhelicalSequence Homology, Amino AcidVirus ReplicationRNA NucleotidyltransferasesSequence AlignmentModels, GeneticEukaryotaGenome, ViralProtein Structure, TertiaryHistonesBacterial ProteinsFungal ProteinsSchizosaccharomyces pombe ProteinsGene Expression Regulation, ViralAdenosine TriphosphatasesProkaryotic CellsDNA LigasesDNA, CircularGenes, ViralNucleosomesDNA PrimersModels, BiologicalMitosisModels, MolecularTranscription FactorsUltraviolet RaysGemininGenes, FungalRestriction MappingGenomic InstabilityRecombinant Fusion ProteinsChromosomes, BacterialProtein-Serine-Threonine KinasesConserved SequenceMinichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 3MutagenesisPolyomavirusRecombinant ProteinsGenome, Fungal
GenomeTranscriptionProteinsVirusesGenesGenomesPolymeraseRegulationCellsNucleusRecombinationChromatinGENOMICTranscriptionalInfectionVectorsPolymerasesMechanismsCellularAntiviralEpigeneticEubacteriaImmunityMRNAsRecombinant DNA technoHomologousMembrane-boundMechanismMetagenomicsBacteriaCapsidsGeneticSequencesNucleic2020StrandsEnzymeMutationsNucleotide excisiPrinciplesStructureGenusOriginCellControlProcess
Genome12
  • We also showed that pE301R interacted with the ASFV genome and viral DNA polymerase O174L. (bvsalud.org)
  • More importantly, T2 amino alcohol, a PCNA-specific inhibitor, markedly inhibited ASFV replication at the stage of viral genome replication. (bvsalud.org)
  • 7 ] develop the Oriscan algorithm to predict replication origins in the S. cerevisiae genome by searching for sequences similar to a training set of 26 known yeast origins pinpointed by site-directed mutagenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It also exhaustively introduces the concrete mechanism of invading GC cells and the viral genome composition of adenovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). (frontiersin.org)
  • The viral ssDNA genome penetrates into the nucleus . (expasy.org)
  • The P. salinus genome is at least 2.77 megabases in length (there is some uncertainty in the actual length due to the presence of repeated sequences at the ends of the DNA), while the P. dulcis genome is 2.47 megabases in length. (virology.ws)
  • A) The double -stranded breaks induced on the genome by nucleases are repaired by a homologous recombination mechanism that occurs between genomic DNA and donor DNA (B) A large number of donor DNA molecules are produced by Algentech's patented replication system (REP), thus contributing to the effectiveness of homologous recombination. (prnewswire.com)
  • ALGENTECH has developed proprietary molecular tools for editing the genome of eukaryotic cells. (prnewswire.com)
  • The 2001 hypothesis by Prof Takemura and PJ Bell is based on striking similarities between the eukaryotic cell nucleus and poxviruses: in particular, the property of keeping the genome separate in a compartment. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Given the number of replication cycles and length of the HIV genome, there is the possibility of every possible point mutation at least once per day in a single patient. (yes4yes.com)
  • The members of this proposed genus are also called myco-like viruses because their overall genome shows similar to that of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum hypovirulence-associated DNA virus 1 (SsHADV-1), which is the first member of gemycircularvirus genus and found in fungi [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is not part of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses classification of viruses (ie, it is not a species, genus, or family), which is based on the nature and structure of the viral genome. (msdmanuals.com)
Transcription16
  • It houses the cell's DNA and is the hub for DNA replication, transcription, and RNA processing. (cshlpress.com)
  • The involvement of viral DNA-binding proteins in the regulation of virulence genes, transcription, DNA replication, and repair make them significant targets. (mdpi.com)
  • Eukaryotic TFIIH basal transcription factor complex helicase XPB subunit. (embl.de)
  • An ATP-dependent 3'-5' DNA helicase which is a component of the core-TFIIH basal transcription factor, involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) of DNA and, when complexed to CAK, in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II. (embl.de)
  • It acts by opening DNA either around the RNA transcription start site or the DNA. (embl.de)
  • dsDNA transcription gives rise to viral mRNAs when host cell enters S phase and translated to produce viral proteins. (expasy.org)
  • These newly synthesized ssDNA can either a) be converted to dsDNA and serve as a template for transcription/replication b) be encapsidated by capsid protein and form virions released by cell lysis . (expasy.org)
  • Dr. Pommier also discovered that the natural compound, ecteinascidin 743 (commercialized as Yondelis) and its analog trabectedin acts by alkylating DNA and killing cancer cells by trapping transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) (Takebayashi et al, Nature Med 2001). (cancer.gov)
  • Access to DNA is a prerequisite to the execution of essential cellular processes that include transcription, replication, chromosomal segregation, and DNA repair. (rockefeller.edu)
  • Moreover, these DNA viruses exhibit a highly controlled but complex program of transcription during replication which makes them useful and attractive models for studies on eukaryotic gene regulation. (wisc.edu)
  • We are examining the mechanisms that control the proper turn on and turn off of viral genes during infection by focusing on the molecular interactions between cis-acting DNA regulatory sequences and virus/host transcription factors. (wisc.edu)
  • In contrast with other eukaryotic DNA polymerases, HIV reverse transcriptase has no error correction ability during the transcription of RNA to viral DNA. (yes4yes.com)
  • Together, these results provide a unified model that integrates replication, transcription and epigenetics at the INK4/ARF locus. (plos.org)
  • The pluripotency of the initial cell and the establishment of cell types depend to a large extent on the coordinated deployment of hundreds of transcription factors that bind to specific DNA sequences to activate or repress the transcription of cell lineage genes 1 . (nature.com)
  • The maintenance phase often involves a plethora of non-DNA sequence specific chromatin cofactors that set up and maintain chromatin states through cell division and for extended periods of time-sometimes in the absence of the initial transcription factors 3 . (nature.com)
  • The replication of DNA and transcription takes place in the nucleus while on the other hand translation of the mRNA takes place in ribosomes, which is essential in carrying out protein synthesis for the transportation. (grabmyessay.com)
Proteins11
  • Nuclear DNA is often organized into multiple chromosomes - long strands of DNA dotted with various proteins, such as histones, that protect and organize the DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • We have shown that E1 and E2 proteins of human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV-11) were essential to support the replication of the homologous viral origin (ori) in a transient replication assay, similar to reports on bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Either set of viral proteins was also able to initiate replication of ori-containing plasmids from many other human and animal papillomaviruses. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Furthermore, our observations indicated that mutations in envelope proteins have a more significant impact on viral invasion than on virulence in the mouse model. (bvsalud.org)
  • PriA protein is one of seven proteins that make up the restart primosome, an apparatus that promotes assembly of replisomes at recombination intermediates and stalled replication forks. (embl.de)
  • These unique viruses are known for their prolific multiplication in insect (moth) cells and are the most popular eukaryotic vectors for high level expression of foreign gene products (proteins). (wisc.edu)
  • Further similarities were uncovered after the discovery and characterization of a type of large DNA virus called "giant virus," which can be up to 2.5 µm in diameter and contain DNA "encoding" information for the production of more than 400 proteins. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Histones are proteins that keep DNA strands curled up and packed into the cell nucleus. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Finally, we demonstrate that Polycomb proteins and associated epigenetic marks are crucial for the control of the replication timing of the INK4a/ARF locus during senescence. (plos.org)
  • Eukaryotic cells range from the greater primitive prokaryotic cells because of the presence of membranous organelles within the cytoplasm, a nuclear membrane and chromosomal proteins. (grabmyessay.com)
  • The novel gemycircularvirus encodes two major proteins, including a capsid protein (Cap) and a replication-associated protein (Rep). Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequence of Rep indicated that GeTz1 clusters with one gemycircularvirus discovered from bird (KF371633), sharing 46.6 % amino acid sequence identity with each other. (biomedcentral.com)
Viruses21
  • Viruses are tidily categorized into three groups according to the hosts they infect - bacteriophages, eukaryotic viruses, and archaeal viruses. (virology.ws)
  • Viruses do not infect hosts in another domain of life, and therefore lateral gene transfer is limited (giant DNA viruses might be exceptions). (virology.ws)
  • These two superfamilies encompass a large number of DNA and RNA helicases from archaea, eubacteria, eukaryotes and viruses that seem to be active as monomers or dimers. (embl.de)
  • We have also applied the AT excursion method to two other families of double stranded DNA viruses, the poxviruses and iridoviruses, of which very few replication origins are documented in the public domain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • from bi segmented ss DNA viruses. (expasy.org)
  • Their virions (750 nanometers) and DNA genomes (1,259,000 base pairs) were the biggest ever discovered, shattering the notions that viruses could not be seen with a light microscope, and that viral genomes were smaller than bacterial genomes. (virology.ws)
  • Pandoravirus DNA and virions are synthesized and assembled simultaneously, in contrast to eukaryotic DNA viruses and phages which fill pre-formed capsids with DNA. (virology.ws)
  • Some of the genes found in large DNA viruses are present, such as those encoding DNA polymerase and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and several amino acyl-tRNA synthetases, like members of the Megaviridae . (virology.ws)
  • Research in our laboratory involves the molecular biology and replication of eukaryotic DNA viruses. (wisc.edu)
  • We are particularly interested in the baculoviruses, a group of large DNA viruses that are pathogenic to invertebrates. (wisc.edu)
  • Our goal is to investigate the molecular mechanisms that govern baculovirus replication to better understand fundamental problems in regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and the interaction of viruses with their host cell. (wisc.edu)
  • Viruses also rely polyamines for productive replication, utilizing them during DNA/RNa polymerization, nucleic acid packaging, and protein synthesis. (luc.edu)
  • An exchange of genetic material that occurred when ancient giant viruses infected ancient eukaryotic cells could have caused the nucleus of the eukaryotic cell -- its defining feature -- to form. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In a way, Prof Takemura's hypothesis has its roots in 2001 when, along with PJ Bell, he made the revolutionary proposal that large DNA viruses, like the poxvirus, had something to do with the rise of the eukaryotic cell nucleus. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Independent phylogenetic analyses suggested that genes had been transferred between these viruses and eukaryotic cells as they interacted at various points down the evolutionary road, in a process called "lateral gene transfer. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Viruses are "packets" of DNA or RNA and cannot survive on their own. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Further, unlike other viruses, it does not construct its own enclosed "viral factory" in the cytoplasm of the cell within which to replicate its DNA and contains none of the genes required to carry out the replication process. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The last decade has been marked by two eminent discoveries that have changed our perception of the virology field: The discovery of giant viruses and a distinct new class of viral agents that parasitize their viral factories, the virophages. (mdpi.com)
  • In terms of numbers, with replication of cells being an ongoing nonstop process, there are more viruses in living organisms and in the environment than any other known entity. (socrates-wellness-institute.com)
  • Only sick, insane monsters would take to the weapons lab with projects known as "gain of function" experiments to attempt the modification of viruses into lab-grown weapons that are intended to try to re-enter cells to confuse the replication process with discarded waste molecules. (socrates-wellness-institute.com)
  • Recently, a diverse group of viruses with circular, replication initiator protein(Rep) encoding, single stranded DNA (CRESS-DNA) genomes, were discovered from wide range of eukaryotic organisms ranging from mammals to fungi. (biomedcentral.com)
Genes3
  • Analysis of two highly expressed genes from Chlorella virus PBCV-1: Protein characterization and the DNA sequences of the major capsid protein gene and the early/late 33-kDa protein gene. (uml.edu)
  • Discuss the regulation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes. (micourses.org)
  • Classification and structure of eukaryotic, prokaryotic and viral genes. (unict.it)
Genomes10
  • Many computational methods have been developed for predicting their locations in archaeal, bacterial and eukaryotic genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A number of computational methods have been developed for predicting replication origins in bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For example, Lobry [ 3 ] employs the GC skew plot to predict replication origins and terminus in bacterial genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 4 ] predict the replication origins for a number of bacterial and archaeal genomes by identifying some 7-mers and/or 8-mers whose orientation is preferentially skewed around the replication origins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Zhang and Zhang [ 5 ] use the Z-curve method successfully to identify several replication origins in bacterial and archaeal genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Individual ssDNA genomes are excised from replication concatemers by a process called junction resolution. (expasy.org)
  • Explore the features of bacterial and viral genomes. (micourses.org)
  • Gemycircularvirus belongs to a distinct group of CRESS-DNA genomes and is classified under the genus name of Gemycircularvirus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The organisation and evolution of the eukaryotic genomes. (lu.se)
  • Mobile DNA elements and the dynamics of genomes. (lu.se)
Polymerase7
  • The E301R protein (pE301R) from ASFV was previously predicted as a proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-like protein through clamping DNA polymerase to the DNA duplex, but its exact structure and functions remain uncharacterized. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, the crystal structure of pE301R revealed that it is composed of structurally similar head and tail domains and shares significant structural similarities to the DNA polymerase processivity factors, including sliding clamp and eukaryotic PCNA. (bvsalud.org)
  • The virus code for an eukaryotic-type family B DNA polymerase. (expasy.org)
  • A DNA polymerase is a cellular or viral polymerase enzyme that synthesizes DNA molecules from their nucleotide building blocks. (webnode.page)
  • DNA polymerase ε (Pol ε) is involved in DNA replication, repair, and cell-cycle checkpoint control in eukaryotic cells. (webnode.page)
  • The results revealed single-nucleotide (SN) gap-filling DNA polymerase activity and complete BER. (webnode.page)
  • It also holds a DNA polymerase gene and major capsid protein gene very similar to those of the amoeba. (sciencedaily.com)
Regulation2
  • The book is concerned with molecular biology studies, macromolecules and the macromolecular mechanisms found in living things, such as the molecular nature of the gene and its mechanisms of gene replication, regulation, mutation, post transcriptional modifications and expression. (agroacademics.com)
  • Viral regulation of B7 family inhibitory molecules in epithelial cells leads to suppression or termination of immune responses [ 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
Cells16
  • PL: nuclei) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Eukaryotic cells usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types, such as mammalian red blood cells, have no nuclei, and a few others including osteoclasts have many. (wikipedia.org)
  • The nucleus is the most prominent structure in eukaryotic cells. (cshlpress.com)
  • Vertebrate cells encode three well-characterised DNA ligases (DNA ligases I, III and IV), all of which are related in structure and sequence. (embl.de)
  • IMPORTANCE Sliding clamp is a highly conserved protein in the evolution of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • We study the early and late replication stages of the prototype baculovirus, Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) in cultured cells. (wisc.edu)
  • The technology claimed by the patent amplifies the effectiveness of gene editing in eukaryotic cells and can be applied in synergy with nucleases, including zinc finger nucleases, TALENs, Crispr-Cas9. (prnewswire.com)
  • Polyamines are small, positively charged molecules that are found in all eukaryotic cells. (luc.edu)
  • In the recent decades, with exponential advancement in the fields of genomics, molecular biology, and virology, several scientists on this quest have taken to looking into the evolutionary twists and turns that have resulted in eukaryotic cells, the type of cell that makes up most life forms today. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The most widely accepted theories that have emerged state that the eukaryotic cell is the evolutionary product of the intracellular evolution of proto-eukaryotic cells, which were the first complex cells, and symbiotic relationships between proto-eukaryotic cells and other unicellular and simpler organisms such as bacteria and archaea. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The origin of the eukaryotic nucleus must indeed be a milestone in the development of the cell itself, considering that it is the defining factor that sets eukaryotic cells apart from the other broad category of cells -- the prokaryotic cell. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In eukaryotic cells, the DNA is confined to the nucleus. (socrates-wellness-institute.com)
  • Moreover, we show that the Polycomb protein BMI1 interacts with CDC6, an essential regulator of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. (plos.org)
  • Structural and functional organization of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. (unict.it)
  • There are special varieties of cells which includes eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. (grabmyessay.com)
  • Eukaryotic cells may be in addition distinguished as animal cells or plant cells. (grabmyessay.com)
Nucleus8
  • The nucleus contains nearly all of the cell's DNA, surrounded by a network of fibrous intermediate filaments called the nuclear matrix, and is enveloped in a double membrane called the nuclear envelope. (wikipedia.org)
  • Despite its prominence and importance, our understanding of how the nucleus and its DNA are organized in space and time-and the implications of that organization for proper function-has lagged behind that of other cellular structures. (cshlpress.com)
  • Surprisingly, a nucleus-like structure that forms during viral infection of bacteria is the site of viral DNA replication (link to paper). (virology.ws)
  • But they fail to portray the precise process underlying eukaryotic nucleus evolution. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Prof Takemura further explains the reasons for his inquiry into the nucleus of the eukaryotic cell as such: "Although the structure, function, and various biological functions of the cell nucleus have been intensively investigated, the evolutionary origin of the cell nucleus, a milestone of eukaryotic evolution, remains unclear. (sciencedaily.com)
  • To replicate new DNA, the nucleus sends mRNA out of the nucleus, into the cell interior with the instructions for compiling an identical copy of the DNA for the new cell being created. (socrates-wellness-institute.com)
  • Once the DNA is replicated and resides in the nucleus of the new cell, the mRNA used in this process is gathered up and packaged into a proteinaceous vesicle, sealed up tight and ejected as waste matter from the cell. (socrates-wellness-institute.com)
  • The purpose of nucleus within the eukaryotic cellular is used to holds the general public of the genetic fabric and controls all pastime in the cell, analogous to an outline. (grabmyessay.com)
Recombination3
  • It is active during DNA replication, DNA repair and DNA recombination. (embl.de)
  • It has a critical role in recombination and DNA repair, helping process Holliday junction intermediates to mature products by catalyzing branch migration. (embl.de)
  • Mechanisms for maintaining genetic information during cell division and the generation of genetic variation: replication, mitosis, meiosis, recombination. (lu.se)
Chromatin4
  • Insights into DNA replication timing and RNA processing dynamics based on new technologies aimed at examining chromatin and other intranuclear structures at high resolution are also included. (cshlpress.com)
  • As Chief, Dr. Pommier oversees the Branch's clinical/translational research program, which emphasizes new approaches to cancer treatments targeting DNA, epigenetic and chromatin, and connected biomarkers. (cancer.gov)
  • Additional mechanisms that may control DNA accessibility in vivo include chromatin compaction and phase separation - processes that are beginning to be understood. (rockefeller.edu)
  • Our postdoc Zhaowei Liu has been awarded a postdoctoral fellowship from EMBO for his planned research on single-molecule studies of chromatin replication! (tudelft.nl)
GENOMIC9
  • Furthermore, we found that PRV TJ has indistinguishable genomic DNA replication capability and axonal retrograde transport dynamics compared to the PRV SC. (bvsalud.org)
  • African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a complex nucleocytoplasmic, large DNA virus that infects both domestic pigs and wild boar, but little is known about the process of genomic replication. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, knockdown of E301R by specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) significantly decreased the virus genomic replication. (bvsalud.org)
  • Taken together, we revealed that pE301R functions as a sliding clamp in ASFV genomic replication and can be used as a potential antiviral target. (bvsalud.org)
  • The sliding clamp is required for genomic replication as a critical co-factor of DNA polymerases. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this paper, we propose the AT excursion method, which is a score-based approach, to quantify local AT abundance in genomic sequences and use the identified high scoring segments for predicting replication origins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The AT excursion method will be a useful computational tool for identifying replication origins in a variety of genomic sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Replication occurs through rolling-hairpin mechanism, with NS1 endonuclease binding covalently to the 5' genomic end. (expasy.org)
  • Combined with the eight environmental viral contigs from metagenomics, this study helps fill the gap in our understanding of the isolation, genomic and evolutionary development of Oceanospirillum bacteriophages and provides new insights into the interactions between hosts and bacteriophages for these important marine hydrocarbon-degrading microbial populations. (biomedcentral.com)
Transcriptional2
  • Rather, transcriptional control of viral gene expression must play a dominant role. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Upon senescence, Jmjd3 is overexpressed and the MLL1 protein is recruited to the locus provoking the dissociation of Polycomb from the INK4/ARF locus, its transcriptional activation and its replication during early S-phase. (plos.org)
Infection4
  • Multiple chapters are devoted to physiological and disease processes involving disruption of nuclear structure and function (e.g., viral infection). (cshlpress.com)
  • During viral infection, the virus and host must compete for resources inside the cell. (luc.edu)
  • However, the interaction between viral infection and allergy is complex and the mechanism is still unclear. (hindawi.com)
  • Although, the interaction between viral infection and allergy is complex and the mechanisms remain unclear. (hindawi.com)
Vectors2
  • Based on the state-of-play in Belgium, this chapter discusses examples of regulatory journeys of applications with genetically modified viral vectors and novel vaccine candidates that have been reviewed by GMO national competent authorities in Belgium and in Europe. (intechopen.com)
  • Strategies for gene therapy and production of medicines via genetically-modified organisms (expression vectors and viral vectors). (lu.se)
Polymerases1
  • To understand the determinants of response to topoisomerase inhibitors, he is studying the repair pathway centered on tyrosyl-DNA-phosphodiesterases (TDP1 and TDP2) and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases (PARP). (cancer.gov)
Mechanisms2
Cellular3
  • This work is a reminder that our census of the microbial diversity is far from comprehensive and that some important clues about the fundamental nature of the relationship between the viral and the cellular world might still lie within unexplored environments. (virology.ws)
  • In order to precisely insert or modify a genetic sequence, existing technologies use nucleases that introduce specific breaks in the target DNA and then rely on the cellular machinery to complete the editing process. (prnewswire.com)
  • We discuss the interplay between epigenetics and DNA sequence variation as well as the implications of epigenetics for cellular memory and plasticity. (nature.com)
Antiviral2
  • Bacterial and eukaryotic antiviral SKI2-like helicase. (embl.de)
  • Taken together, our findings have unraveled novel functions of SCFAs and fiber-fermenting gut bacteria to dampen viral entry and hypercoagulation and promote adaptive antiviral immunity. (rockefeller.edu)
Epigenetic2
  • Agherbi H, Gaussmann-Wenger A, Verthuy C, Chasson L, Serrano M, Djabali M (2009) Polycomb Mediated Epigenetic Silencing and Replication Timing at the INK4a/ARF Locus during Senescence. (plos.org)
  • Genetic mutations and epigenetic modifications of DNA. (unict.it)
Eubacteria1
  • There are two forms of DNA ligase, one requires ATP ( EC 6.5.1.1 ), the other NAD ( EC 6.5.1.2 ), the latter being restricted to eubacteria. (embl.de)
Immunity2
  • Severe and fatal COVID-19 is characterized by poor anti-viral immunity and hypercoagulation, particularly in males. (rockefeller.edu)
  • SCFAs reduced viral burdens in the airways and intestines by downregulating the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and enhancing adaptive immunity via GPR41 and 43 in male animals. (rockefeller.edu)
MRNAs1
  • SKI2 has a role in the 3'-mRNA degradation pathway, repressing dsRNA virus propagation by specifically blocking translation of viral mRNAs, perhaps recognizing the absence of CAP or poly(A). (embl.de)
Recombinant DNA techno2
  • Learning of all advanced biological technologies, including recombinant DNA technology and the use of transgenic animals, is essential to achieving the stated objectives. (unict.it)
  • Expression of the L1 protein using recombinant DNA technology produces noninfectious virus-like particles (VLPs). (cdc.gov)
Homologous1
  • The mechanism is simple: the DNA fragment (donor DNA) carrying the genetic modification or sequence to be inserted has at its ends sequences homologous to the DNA strand to be modified. (prnewswire.com)
Membrane-bound1
  • The eukaryotic cell is neatly compartmentalized into membrane-bound organelles that perform various functions. (sciencedaily.com)
Mechanism1
  • Dr. Pommier conceptualized the "interfacial inhibitors" mechanism based on his finding that DNA topoisomerase inhibitors act by trapping topoisomerase-DNA complexes (Capranico et al. (cancer.gov)
Metagenomics1
  • vB_OliS_GJ44 showed synteny with six uncultured phages, which supports its representation in uncultured environmental viral contigs from metagenomics. (biomedcentral.com)
Bacteria1
  • Bacteria are microorganisms that have circular double-stranded DNA and (except for mycoplasmas) cell walls. (msdmanuals.com)
Capsids1
  • Viral nucleic acids protected from digestion within viral capsids and other small particles were then extracted using magnetic beads of MagMAX Viral RNA Isolation kit (Ambion) according to the manufacturer's instructions. (biomedcentral.com)
Genetic2
  • Scrutinize the process of genetic cloning and the applications of DNA technology. (micourses.org)
  • As evolution progressed, it appears, viral genetic material became integrated with host genetic material and the properties of both altered. (sciencedaily.com)
Sequences2
  • With the increasing availability of DNA sequences, computational methods to predict likely locations of important functional sites before experimental search are highly valuable because the computational predictions can often help design finely tuned experiments to find these functional sites in shorter time with less labor and fewer resources. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bioinformatic analyses of DNA- and protein sequences. (lu.se)
Nucleic1
  • The filtrates enriched in viral particles were treated with a mixture of DNases (Turbo DNase from Ambion, Baseline-ZERO from Epicentre, and benzonase from Novagen) and RNase (Fermentas) to digest unprotected nucleic acid at 37 °C for 60 min [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
20201
Strands1
  • The technique produces a large amount of donor DNA strands, thus multiplying the efficiency of modifications introduced: a technological leap that finds applications in crop improvement, gene therapy and synthetic biology. (prnewswire.com)
Enzyme2
  • DNA ligase (polydeoxyribonucleotide synthase) is the enzyme that joins two DNA fragments by catalysing the formation of an internucleotide ester bond between phosphate and deoxyribose. (embl.de)
  • With the exception of the atypically small PBCV-1 viral enzyme, two regions of primary sequence are common to all members of the family. (embl.de)
Mutations1
  • Our findings provide valuable insights into the roles of natural mutations on the PRV envelope glycoproteins in cell tropism, which sheds light on the relationship between cell tropism and clinical symptoms and offers clues about viral evolution. (bvsalud.org)
Nucleotide excisi1
  • Eukaryotic DNA repair helicase RAD3/ERCC-2, an ATP-dependent 5'-3' DNA helicase involved in nucleotide excision repair of UV-damaged DNA. (embl.de)
Principles1
  • Advanced Biology Part 2 will commence with Mendelian principles of genetics and the molecular biology of DNA and RNA, as well as biotechnology. (micourses.org)
Structure4
  • We found that the ASFV E301R protein (pE301R) exhibited a sliding clamp-like structure and similar functions during ASFV replication. (bvsalud.org)
  • The discovery of the DNA structure and the achievements of molecular biology have reaffirmed Boveri's theory and given technological support to developments in this field. (jcancer.org)
  • Investigate the molecular structure of DNA and the process of DNA replication. (micourses.org)
  • Methods for gene identification and analysis of gene structure: cloning, PCR, restriction mapping, in situ hybridisation, DNA sequencing. (lu.se)
Genus1
  • Thus, we propose a new viral genus Oceanospirivirus within the Siphoviridae family to reconcile this cluster, with vB_OliS_GJ44 as a representative member. (biomedcentral.com)
Origin3
  • The skew (G-C)/(G+C), where G and C respectively stand for the percentages of guanine and cytosine bases in a sliding window, switches polarity in the vicinity of the replication origin and terminus, with the leading strand manifesting a positive skew. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Z-curve of any given DNA sequence is a three-dimensional curve which uniquely represents the sequence so that unusual sequence compositional features, such as those around a replication origin, can sometimes be visually recognized. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we show that in young proliferating embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) member EZH2 together with PRC1 members BMI1 and M33 are strongly expressed and localized at the INK4/ARF regulatory domain (RD) identified as a DNA replication origin. (plos.org)
Cell3
  • The answer to that question is easy: it is a virus as long as it requires a cell for replication. (virology.ws)
  • In any case of cell replication, new components must be built from raw materials, eaten, digested and delivered by the blood stream. (socrates-wellness-institute.com)
  • Briefly, 200 microliters of each sample was collected after centrifugation (10 min, 15,000 × g ) and filtered through a 0.45-μm filter (Millipore) to remove eukaryotic and bacterial cell-sized particles. (biomedcentral.com)
Control1
  • Let's use the above logic instructions to understand DNA social science expressions and DNA social process control systems with their FEEDBACK tragic ERROR signals. (webnode.page)
Process1
  • The natural DNA repair process then repairs the cut zone, using the donor DNA fragment as a matrix, inserting it into the target DNA. (prnewswire.com)