South VietnamToxic herbicidesGlyphosateExposure to the herbicidePesticidesCropsBlend of herbicidesMillions of gallonsGallonsMultiple herbicidesDepartment of VeteJunglesMonsantoChemicalsPresumptiveMalayan Emergency1962Dioxin exposure1960sDefoliantDiseasesResistance1961-1971TCDDCompensationChemicalWeedsAgroSciencesIndiscriminatelyRoundupLaosFoliageVeterans AffairsVeteranPeople's Army ofSoutheast Asia1950sHighly toxicToxins1975Birth defectsDefoliationIndochina WarIllnessPosesDefoliantsPopulationsCropCambodiaAgent Orange in VietnamSoviet UnionDiemMilitary2000VetsEcological1946North VietnamEnemyAerialEcocideConsequencesMillion
South Vietnam15
- Success with Project AGILE field tests in 1961 with herbicides in South Vietnam was inspired by the British use of herbicides and defoliants during the Malayan Emergency in the 1950s, which led to the formal herbicidal program Trail Dust (see Operation Ranch Hand). (wikipedia.org)
- Millions of Americans and Vietnamese are still affected, directly and indirectly, by the wartime U.S. spraying of Agent Orange and other herbicides over South Vietnam. (aspeninstitute.org)
- In 1961, President Diem of South Vietnam asked the United States to conduct aerial herbicide spraying in his country. (psywarrior.com)
- Called Viet Cong, by Diem, meaning Communist Vietnamese, is established by Ho Chi Minh to infiltrate South Vietnam while guerilla's blend into the countryside. (timetoast.com)
- In an election held to determine what government style South Vietnam would have, Ngo Dinh Diem would win 98.2% of the vote and claimed the Republic of Vietnam. (timetoast.com)
- The Ho Chi Minh Trail was an series of trails used by the North Vietnamese to send their troops along a route into South Vietnam. (timetoast.com)
- It was unloaded at Tan Son Nhut Air Base in South Vietnam. (timetoast.com)
- 9/6/2016 - Almost exactly 55 years ago, the US military began a campaign to spray massive quantities of the toxic defoliant Agent Orange over the jungles of South Vietnam - its supposed ally -- in a effort to kill the plants that gave cover and food to hostile forces. (naturalnews.com)
- At the end of this war, the country was temporarily divided into North and South Vietnam. (ostatic.com)
- For the pro-war advocates (known as hawks) and conservatives, he continued to talk about keeping firm pressure on Vietnam and winning the peace.On Jan. 23, 1973, President Richard Nixon announced "peace with honor" had been achieved following a costly war launched for the express purpose of preventing a communist takeover of South Vietnam by the North. (ostatic.com)
- In 1961 and 1962, the leader of South Vietnam Ngo Dinh Diem insisted on security assistance from Australia in which Australia responded with 30 military advisers which was the official beginning of Australia's involvement in the war as the arrival in south vietnam was a great engagement. (ostatic.com)
- Vietcong started using Cambodia as a staging ground of raids into South Vietnam. (ostatic.com)
- And how does it happen that after popular disillusionment with the war persuaded one President to retire and another to come into office with a promise to "end the war," we are dropping more bombs on North and South Vietnam than ever before? (nybooks.com)
- Between 1961 and 1971, C-123 planes sprayed more than 19 million gallons of Agent Orange and other herbicides in South Vietnam. (errolmorris.com)
- From 1962 to 1971, United States military forces sprayed over 75 million litres of toxic chemical herbicides - enough to fill 30 Olympic-sized swimming pools - over South Vietnam. (eco-business.com)
Toxic herbicides2
- The major strategies to be discussed at the NAS forum represent two starkly different paths forward: cutting edge agriculture grounded in a sophisticated understanding of agroecology and evolution, or another round of genetically engineered (GE) crops, designed to be used with older, yet more toxic herbicides. (panna.org)
- A key senator and a D.C.-based think tank are calling for Washington to step up its aid in cleaning up toxic herbicides sprayed by the United States in Vietnam during the war that ended 40 years ago. (ipsnews.net)
Glyphosate13
- Washington D.C. - On May 10th scientists will gather in Washington D.C. to address one of the most significant problems facing American farmers today: the explosive growth in "superweeds" resistant to Monsanto's flagship weedkiller, "Roundup" (i.e. glyphosate), and other chemical herbicides. (panna.org)
- The mass spraying of glyphosate in Colombia, both on farmland and in the 'war on drugs', is a direct an attack on small scale farmers, rural communities and FARC rebels, writes W.T. Whitney Jr. But since the chemical was declared a 'probable carcinogen' Colombia has restricted aerial applications. (theecologist.org)
- Monsanto Corporation's glyphosate, sold as 'Roundup', is the world's most widely used herbicide. (theecologist.org)
- In Colombia glyphosate is a weapon of war. (theecologist.org)
- For 20 years the US and Colombian governments have used glyphosate in their so-called drug war to eradicate coca crops. (theecologist.org)
- Second, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified glyphosate, the herbicide most widely used on GM crops, as a "probable human carcinogen" 1 and classified a second herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), as a "possible human carcinogen. (cornucopia.org)
- But widespread adoption of herbicide-resistant crops has led to overreliance on herbicides and, in particular, on glyphosate. (cornucopia.org)
- The first of the two developments that raise fresh concerns about the safety of GM crops is a 2014 decision by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to approve Enlist Duo, a new combination herbicide comprising glyphosate plus 2,4-D. Enlist Duo was formulated to combat herbicide resistance. (cornucopia.org)
- It will be marketed in tandem with newly approved seeds genetically engineered to resist glyphosate, 2,4-D, and multiple other herbicides. (cornucopia.org)
- 8/8/2014 - A group of scientists and medical experts is calling on the Obama Administration to reject an application by Dow AgroSciences seeking approval for a new herbicide known as Enlist Duo, which contains the glyphosate component of Roundup and the 2,4-D component of the Vietnam War weapon Agent Orange in. (naturalnews.com)
- Thus a farmer can spray these crops with glyphosate and only the weeds will die, leaving herbicide saturated seeds behind. (mamavation.com)
- In response, weeds have evolved that are glyphosate-resistant, forcing farmers to use more of this herbicide. (mamavation.com)
- The dominant herbicide is still glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide marketed by Monsanto as Roundup. (grist.org)
Exposure to the herbicide2
- An individual's level of exposure to the herbicide determined the intensity of its damage. (militaryconnection.com)
- Presumptive diseases of exposure to the herbicide include certain cancers, Parkinson's disease and diabetes. (legion.org)
Pesticides5
- Many of these crops are engineered to be tolerant of herbicides, resulting in farmers increasing usage and the development of stronger pesticides. (mamavation.com)
- Dioxin, its known carcinogen, also is found in herbicides and pesticides used by U.S. farmers, forestry and chemical plant workers who studies have shown to have an increased cancer risk. (sciencedaily.com)
- Evidence indicates that one of the causes of Parkinson's disease may be exposure to herbicides or pesticides. (va.org)
- Diamond Shamrock manufactured pesticides and herbicides from the 1940s through the 1960s, including the infamous defoliating chemical Agent Orange during the Vietnam War. (dredgingtoday.com)
- Environmental and occupational risk factors typically related to heavy metal exposure (e.g., lead, mercury) and agricultural chemicals (e.g., pesticides, herbicides), and the occupations associated with exposure to these substances were most frequently explored. (cdc.gov)
Crops8
- Monsanto is not far behind with crops resistant to the herbicide, dicamba. (panna.org)
- Two-thirds of GE crops awaiting approval are resistant to one to three herbicides each. (panna.org)
- Herbicide-resistant crops increase the use of hazardous weed-killers and worsen rather than alleviate weed resistance," said Bill Freese, science policy analyst at Center for Food Safety. (panna.org)
- First, there have been sharp increases in the amounts and numbers of chemical herbicides applied to GM crops, and still further increases - the largest in a generation - are scheduled to occur in the next few years. (cornucopia.org)
- Farmers can spray herbicide both before and during the growing season, leaving their crops unharmed. (cornucopia.org)
- Developed as part of a British and American venture in 1943 to develop a herbicide to destroy enemy crops thus depriving them of their food supply, it was scheduled to be used in 1946 as part of Operation Downfall, the Invasion of Japan. (psywarrior.com)
- The USDA could soon deregulate seeds that can stand up to even stronger herbicides, but critics say more genetically modified crops are not the answer. (healthline.com)
- The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is also performing a review of the new herbicide-resistant crops, and is expected to release its own report in the coming months. (healthline.com)
Blend of herbicides2
- Among other things, the act would provide disability compensation to more of the veterans who served in the territorial seas of Vietnam during the Vietnam War under the assumption that they had been exposed to Agent Orange, a blend of herbicides used by the Department of Defense to remove dense tropical foliage. (cbo.gov)
- The toxic blend of herbicides known as Agent Orange was used as a defoliant by the US military during the Vietnam War. (brethren.org)
Millions of gallons2
- Considered by world nations to be a "Weapon of Mass Destruction" (WMD), Agent Orange was dropped in the millions of gallons on civilian populations during the Vietnam. (naturalnews.com)
- The planes had been used to spray millions of gallons of the chemical herbicide during the Vietnam War. (modernhealthcare.com)
Gallons3
- US aircraft sprayed 20 million gallons of herbicides across Vietnam during the Vietnam War. (eurasiareview.com)
- 9/25/2013 - More than 40 years later and the unspeakable devastation caused by Monsanto's Agent Orange herbicide, at least 20 million gallons of which was indiscriminately dumped on Vietnamese rainforests and crop fields during the Vietnam War by the American military, is still a grim reality for the likely millions. (naturalnews.com)
- Named for the orange stripe around its container, approximately 11-13 million gallons of Agent Orange were sprayed from C-123 aircraft over 20 million acres in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos between 1962 and 1971. (militaryconnection.com)
Multiple herbicides2
- Weeds resistant to other herbicides infest millions more, with an alarming rise in weeds immune to multiple herbicides. (panna.org)
- Fields must now be treated with multiple herbicides, including 2,4-D, a component of the Agent Orange defoliant used in the Vietnam War. (cornucopia.org)
Department of Vete4
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs ( VA ) pays disability compensation to Vietnam veterans with injuries or diseases that began in, or were aggravated by, their military service. (ca.gov)
- Vietnam veterans with type 2 diabetes who were presumed to be exposed to Agent Orange or other herbicides are eligible for disability compensation from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). (diabetes.org)
- The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) already presumes that veterans who served aboard certain U.S. Navy ships on the dates they were near the coast of Vietnam were exposed to Agent Orange. (cbo.gov)
- and, if there is a link to the toxic herbicide, the Department of Veterans Affairs' responsibility in caring for impacted children and grandchildren of veterans. (propublica.org)
Jungles4
- One of the great problems for the Government of Vietnam (GVN) and its allies was that in many cases jungles and heavy plant growth grew near villages, roads and military bases. (psywarrior.com)
- The forests and jungles in large parts of southern Vietnam were devastated and denuded. (saltlaw.org)
- During the Vietnam War, the herbicide known as Agent Orange was sprayed over jungles and forests. (environmentreport.org)
- For example, he was able to secure Senate adoption last year of an amendment to the fiscal 2021 defense authorization bill that will expand benefits for veterans who say they were made sick by exposure to herbicides the military used to clear jungles. (rollcall.com)
Monsanto3
- Monsanto conveniently sells both the seeds and the herbicide. (theecologist.org)
- Together with Dow Chemical, Monsanto produced the dioxin- containing defoliant 'Agent Orange', based on the herbicide 2,4D, that the US military used in Vietnam. (theecologist.org)
- 1/4/2012 - Residents of a small West Virginia town near a Monsanto chemical production plant have filed a class action lawsuit against the agri-giant for pollution caused by the decades-long production of 2,4,5-T, a chemical compound that represents about half of the infamous Agent Orange herbicide. (naturalnews.com)
Chemicals6
- The Rainbow Herbicides are a group of tactical-use chemicals used by the United States military in Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War. (wikipedia.org)
- Agent Orange was one of the weed-killing chemicals used by the U.S. military in the Vietnam War. (ca.gov)
- Agent Orange and similar chemicals were known as "herbicides. (ca.gov)
- That action followed a report from the National Academy of Sciences that found "limited/suggestive" evidence of an association between the chemicals used in herbicides during the Vietnam War, such as Agent Orange, and type 2 diabetes. (diabetes.org)
- Exposure to Chemicals Being around certain toxins, such as herbicides and insecticides, may raise your chances of having CLL. (everydayhealth.com)
- He is among approximately three million victims poisoned by Agent Orange and other similar chemicals during the American War in Vietnam. (peoplesworld.org)
Presumptive4
- In 2000, the VA added type 2 diabetes to the list of "presumptive diseases associated with herbicide exposure. (diabetes.org)
- Other birth defects are considered presumptive for children of women Vietnam veterans only. (militaryconnection.com)
- H.R. 299 further expands coverage and includes the provision that every veteran exposed to herbicides like Agent Orange should receive the same presumptive benefits. (legion.org)
- A provision in H.R. 299 states, "A veteran who, during active military, naval, or air service, served offshore of the Republic of Vietnam during the period beginning on January 9, 1962, and ending on May 7, 1975," will be eligible for disability compensation for presumptive conditions of herbicide exposure. (legion.org)
Malayan Emergency1
- Britain used herbicides and defoliants in the Malayan Emergency which ended in 1960. (psywarrior.com)
19623
- Under the law, veterans who served in Vietnam between 1962 and 1975 (including those who visited Vietnam even briefly), and who have a disease that Veterans Affairs recognizes as being associated with Agent Orange, are presumed to have been exposed to Agent Orange. (ca.gov)
- The first use of herbicides during the Vietnam War can be traced back to January 9, 1962. (timetoast.com)
- Veterans who served in Vietnam between 1962 and 1975 are presumed to have been exposed to Agent Orange if diagnosed with a medical condition associated with the herbicide, according to the Agent Orange Act of 1991. (legion.org)
Dioxin exposure2
- The U.S. and Vietnamese governments have both taken steps to care for veterans affected by dioxin exposure during the war. (aspeninstitute.org)
- The VA does not consider them "tied to herbicides, including Agent Orange, or dioxin exposure, but rather to the birth mother's service in Vietnam. (militaryconnection.com)
1960s3
- In addition to testing and using the herbicides in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia, the US military also tested the "Rainbow Herbicides" and many other chemical defoliants and herbicides in the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, Korea, India, and Thailand from the mid-1940s to the late 1960s. (wikipedia.org)
- Mr. Nguy ễ n Thanh Sơn was barely an adult in the 1960s when he joined the People's Army of Vietnam, known to Americans at the time as the North Vietnamese Army, or the NVA. (peoplesworld.org)
- Diamond Alkali, maker of herbicides including Agent Orange used during the Vietnam War, dumped waste into the river during the 1950s and 1960s. (odwyerpr.com)
Defoliant4
- 2,4-D formed part of the Agent Orange defoliant used in the Vietnam War. (panna.org)
- One of two ingredients in the Vietnam War defoliant Agent Orange. (foe.org)
- Increasing evidence is emerging that exposure to Agent Orange, a herbicide and defoliant used during the Vietnam War, increases risk for a variety of health problems, including prostate cancer, although the exact mechanism is unclear. (sciencedaily.com)
- Vietnam: The Secret Agent is the first comprehensive look at the history, the effects and the implications of the deadly contaminant 2,4,5-T - a main ingredient of the defoliant code-named Agent Orange during the Vietnam War. (veteransinfo.org)
Diseases5
- These veterans are eligible for service-connected compensation based on their service, if they have one of the diseases on Veterans Affair's list of 'Diseases associated with exposure to certain herbicide agents' Veterans Affairs updates this list regularly based on reports from the National Academy of Sciences, an independent research and education institution. (ca.gov)
- The Victims of Agent Orange Relief Act of 2011, which attempts to provide medical, rehabilitative and social service compensation to the Vietnamese victims of Agent Orange, remediation of dioxin-contaminated "hot spots," and medical services for the children and grandchildren of U. S. Vietnam veterans and Vietnamese-Americans who have been born with the same diseases and deformities. (saltlaw.org)
- In this article, we discuss the effects of exposure to Agent Orange for both veterans and their children, as well as VA benefits available for Vietnam War diseases and disability. (militaryconnection.com)
- Despite a successful 1979 class action lawsuit on behalf of those affected, it has been a long and difficult process for Vietnam veterans to claim and access their deserved compensation and health coverage for Agent Orange diseases. (militaryconnection.com)
- His amendment expands the list of diseases associated with exposure to certain herbicide agents for which there is a presumption of service connection for Vietnam War veterans. (rollcall.com)
Resistance3
- State-of-the-art ecological weed management includes an array of techniques and practices that are grounded in ecological sciences and principles, reduce weed populations and prevent the evolution of herbicide resistance. (panna.org)
- Herbicide resistance is the main characteristic that the biotechnology industry has chosen to introduce into plants. (cornucopia.org)
- I am continuing to get reports on suspected herbicide resistance situations. (grist.org)
1961-19711
- Operation Ranch Hand: The Air Force and Herbicides in Southeast Asia , 1961-1971 by William A. Buckingham, Jr. (errolmorris.com)
TCDD3
- Some batches of 2,4,5-T manufactured for Rainbow Herbicide use were later found to have been contaminated with synthesis-byproduct dioxins including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD). (wikipedia.org)
- Agent Orange and the other weaponized herbicides contain trace amounts of TCDD dioxin. (peoplesworld.org)
- No association was found in one study evaluating TCDD exposure through herbicides. (bvsalud.org)
Compensation3
- Orange for purposes of granting compensation to Vietnam Veterans in the United States. (saltlaw.org)
- 7/13/2015 - Thousands of military veterans will soon divvy up a ten-year installment of about $47.5 million in disability benefits recently awarded by the federal government as compensation for harm caused by exposure to Monsanto's Agent Orange herbicide. (naturalnews.com)
- For decades after the Vietnam War ended, veterans have fought for compensation and benefits as a result of their exposure to the toxic herbicide known as Agent Orange. (propublica.org)
Chemical11
- Army experiments with the chemical eventually led to the discovery that 2,4-D combined with 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) yielded a more potent herbicide. (wikipedia.org)
- Long-term cropping systems research at The Rodale Institute has demonstrated the efficacy and productivity of organic systems that have eliminated chemical herbicide use entirely, while regenerating the ecological health of soil, water, farm and landscape. (panna.org)
- Iowa State University scientists have demonstrated the ability of integrated weed management (IWM) in corn to reduce herbicide inputs by up to 94%, while obtaining profits comparable to conventional chemical-based systems. (panna.org)
- 6. Chemical weapons were used in the Vietnam War. (funtrivia.com)
- Agent Orange, a chemical used by the U.S. military during the war, continues to have harmful impacts in Vietnam today. (aspeninstitute.org)
- The chemical dioxin, contained in Agent Orange, remains toxic for decades and is still found in very high concentrations in "hot spots" in Vietnam. (aspeninstitute.org)
- For the past 51 years, the Vietnamese people have been attempting to address this legacy of war by trying to get the United States and the chemical companies to accept responsibility for this ongoing nightmare. (saltlaw.org)
- 12/27/2011 - A key chemical of one of the most horrifying elements of the Vietnam War -- Agent Orange -- may soon be unleashed on America's farmlands. (naturalnews.com)
- The following article is the first installment in a two-part series on U.S. chemical warfare in Vietnam. (peoplesworld.org)
- So you'd get farmers dousing their fields with not one but two broad-spectrum herbicides-blotting out biodiversity while conjuring up a few super- duper -weeds that will need their own chemical/GMO "solution" in the near future. (grist.org)
- Using rare archival and striking war footage in support of interviews with veterans, scientists, attorneys and representatives of the U.S. Air Force, the VA and Dow Chemical - this film documents the history of chemical warfare and the plight of our Vietnam vets. (veteransinfo.org)
Weeds5
- The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) "National Summit on Strategies to Manage Herbicide-Resistant Weeds" has the potential to signal a turning point in approaches to weed management. (panna.org)
- The never-ending war on weeds. (grist.org)
- Here's one: farmers down there-which is cotton, soy, and corn country-are having a hell of a time controlling weeds, and resorting to evermore complex herbicide cocktails to combat them. (grist.org)
- You plant your seeds, and anytime weeds break out, you can knock them down with herbicide, without damaging the crop a bit! (grist.org)
- Once those 'super-weeds' are everywhere, will we have another herbicide 'du jour? (healthline.com)
AgroSciences1
- According to Dow AgroSciences, the solution is to engineer plants that can resist an even stronger herbicide: 2,4-D. (healthline.com)
Indiscriminately1
- True, the drug trade also is destroying Colombia's ecosystem, cutting down rain forests to make room for coca fields and indiscriminately applying herbicides to maximize cocaine production. (mail-archive.com)
Roundup1
- His dream: that Bayer's "Liberty Link" trait-which allows engineered plants to withstand the herbicide glufosinate -will be "stacked" with the Roundup Ready trait. (grist.org)
Laos3
- The Battle of Dien Bien Phu consisted of French troops and the Viet Minh during the Indochina War near Laos. (timetoast.com)
- Mr. Sơn was assigned to a unit bringing supplies from the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) to his compatriots in the south via Laos, using a supply route nicknamed "The Ho Chi Minh Trail" by the U.S. military. (peoplesworld.org)
- If we were prepared to fight an ideological war in Asia, why did we pick on Laos and Vietnam as our enemies, instead of China itself? (nybooks.com)
Foliage1
- Agent Orange is an herbicide that was utilized by the United States military in Korea and Vietnam to clear foliage during combat. (eurasiareview.com)
Veterans Affairs2
- On May 15, 2018, the Congressional Budget Office transmitted an estimate of the budgetary effects of H.R. 299, a bill to amend title 38, United States Code, to clarify presumptions relating to the exposure of certain veterans who served in the vicinity of the Republic of Vietnam, and for other purposes, as ordered reported by the House Committee on Veterans' Affairs on May 8, 2018. (cbo.gov)
- Design, Setting, and Participants: This nationwide Veterans Affairs (VA) retrospective cohort study assesses the association between exposure to Agent Orange and bladder cancer risk among 2â ¯517â ¯926 male Vietnam veterans treated in the VA Health System nationwide from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2019. (bvsalud.org)
Veteran2
- Mr. Harris, a U.S. Army veteran who served in Vietnam, A. App. (findlaw.com)
- And he found in trying to do family therapy that there was always a Vietnam Veteran in the background. (maketheconnection.net)
People's Army of1
- Ho Chi Minh, known for the foundation of the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and Viet Cong, steps down as leader but plays an active role in the Presidency of North Vietnam. (timetoast.com)
Southeast Asia1
- No other war in which we have ever been engaged, except possibly the Civil War, poses so many or such difficult problems to the historian as does our ten-year war in Southeast Asia. (nybooks.com)
1950s1
- Herbicides were used by the U.S. military to defoliate military facilities in the U.S. and in other countries as far back as the 1950s. (ca.gov)
Highly toxic2
- As U.S. Vietnam-era veterans know, some of the herbicides contained dioxin, a highly toxic and persistent organic pollutant linked to cancers, diabetes, birth defects and other disabilities. (aspeninstitute.org)
- Agent Orange is a highly toxic herbicide that was used by the US military in the Vietnam War. (militaryconnection.com)
Toxins1
- After the Vietnam War, it was determined that toxins in Agent Orange had caused cancer and birth defects in those exposed to it. (errolmorris.com)
19751
- Agent Orange (AO), often called the 'last legacy' of the United States war in Vietnam (1955-1975), has popped up again thanks to its manufacturer Dow Chemical's controversial sponsorship of the Olympic Games. (ipsnews.net)
Birth defects3
- There have been thousands of documented instances of health problems and birth defects associated with rainbow herbicide exposure in Vietnam, where tested levels remain high in the soil, water, and atmosphere, decades after initial exposure. (wikipedia.org)
- From the Vietnam War alone, there is an estimate of 400,000 deaths and 500,000 children born with birth defects as a result of Agent Orange. (timetoast.com)
- There's a strong belief among Vietnam veterans that their exposure to Agent Orange has also led to health problems in their children - not only birth defects, but in some cases, conditions that manifest late in life. (propublica.org)
Defoliation1
- Agent Orange, used for defoliation during the Vietnam War, was a mixture of herbicides 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T, mixed with trace amounts of kerosene or diesel fuel. (healthline.com)
Indochina War2
- President Harry Truman, in September of 1950, established the Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) to aid the French during the First Indochina War in Saigon. (timetoast.com)
- From 1946 until 1954, the Vietnamese had struggled for their independence from France during the First Indochina War. (ostatic.com)
Illness1
- VCS has led extensive, annual national advocacy efforts that result in Congress funding the unique, treatment-focused Gulf War Illness Research Program ( GWIRP ) - and more recently the Burn Pits Exposure topic area - within the DoD CDMRP. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
Poses1
- The psychological and moral questions which this war poses will probably never be fully answered. (nybooks.com)
Defoliants3
- It is interesting to note that during World War Two the Office of Strategic Services Dirty Tricks section was already experimenting with defoliants. (psywarrior.com)
- In fact, almost a half-century after the war, it is the defoliants that are remembered for causing more deaths and injury than all the bombs dropped and bullets fired. (psywarrior.com)
- US Secretary of State Dean Rusk advised America s new President, John F. Kennedy, that the British use of herbicides/defoliants in Malaya had set a precedent for their use in warfare. (psywarrior.com)
Populations1
- Using weapons of war on civilian populations violates the laws of war, which recognize the principle of distinction between military and civilian objects, requiring armies to avoid civilian targets. (saltlaw.org)
Crop1
- It remains to be seen, however, whether our academic community and regulators will confine themselves to the same herbicide-resistant crop paradigm that got us into this predicament, or whether they will embark on a path of sustainable, ecological weed management. (panna.org)
Cambodia1
- Then, veterans who had served on ships docked at any of Vietnam's inland waterways (or near the coast of Vietnam and Cambodia) had to fight for benefits inclusion, finally achieving this in 2019 with the Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans Act. (militaryconnection.com)
Agent Orange in Vietnam2
- The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History in NYC used data from this article on a curriculum project that will be used in high school classrooms on the use of Agent Orange in Vietnam. (psywarrior.com)
- Frankly," Tester said on the floor in July, "justice is long overdue for the thousands of veterans who are currently suffering and dying due to being exposed to Agent Orange in Vietnam. (rollcall.com)
Soviet Union2
- Why did the United States transfer the cold war from the Soviet Union to China? (nybooks.com)
- The closest the United States and Soviet Union ever came to nuclear war. (errolmorris.com)
Diem2
- After the defeat at Diem Bien Phu in 1954, the United States took over the advisory role from the French who were leaving Vietnam as a result of the Accords. (timetoast.com)
- In 1961, Kennedy wrote in a letter to Ngo Dinh Diem, "The United States, like the Republic of Vietnam, remains devoted to the cause of peace and our primary purpose is to help your people maintain their independence. (timetoast.com)
Military9
- Even if you did not serve in Vietnam, you can still apply for service-connected benefits if you were exposed to an herbicide while in the military which you believe caused your disease or injury. (ca.gov)
- Orange, which was used extensively by the U.S. military in the Vietnam War. (cdc.gov)
- Many aspects of America's purported war on drugs are preposterous, but none is more absurd than using military force to solve what essentially is the medical problem of addiction and the economic reality of supply and demand. (mail-archive.com)
- Veterans' groups expressed tempered relief, expressing hope it would signal a new government willingness to acknowledge a wider range of toxic health risks undertaken by military personnel, such as Gulf War neurotoxins and burn pits in Iraq and Afghanistan. (modernhealthcare.com)
- Exposed military personnel fell severely ill or even died, which was linked back to contact with the herbicide. (militaryconnection.com)
- While the exact number of those affected is unknown, an estimated 3 million people living in Vietnam-military and civilian-were exposed, as well as personnel serving in other locations who handled Agent Orange or worked on the spraying aircraft. (militaryconnection.com)
- In the Vietnam War, several veterans were exposed to Agent Orange, a mix of herbicides that was used by the US military to defoliate trees and remove concealment for the enemy. (va.org)
- H.R. 299 extends these benefits to any military personnel who served on any vessel during the Vietnam War that came within 12 nautical miles of the coastlines of Vietnam. (legion.org)
- At present, the ICC tries individuals for four crimes: genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity (like murder and enslavement), and crimes of aggression (unprovoked military attacks). (eco-business.com)
20001
- http://www.denverpost.com/voice/voice.htm CLINTON'S WRONG WAR Sept. 7, 2000 - President Clinton is dragging the United States into another country's civil war. (mail-archive.com)
Vets2
- Affairs is offering new help to Vietnam-era vets. (environmentreport.org)
- ProPublica, Virginian-Pilot Convening Asks: Has Agent Orange Hurt the Children of Vietnam Vets? (propublica.org)
Ecological1
- Herbicides in War - The Long-term Ecological and Human Consequences. (veteransinfo.org)
19462
- As the January 1946 report by the US War Department made clear, there was very little discussion of the atomic bombings by Japanese officials leading up to their decision to surrender. (truthout.org)
- However, Agent Orange was not ready to use until 1946, after the war had already ended. (peoplesworld.org)
North Vietnam4
- Due to his Viet Minh independence movement during the 1940's, Minh is seen as leaving a legacy in North Vietnam. (timetoast.com)
- North Vietnam came under the control of Vietnamese Communists who had opposed France and who aimed for a unified Vietnam under Communist rule. (ostatic.com)
- Nixon said the agreement between the United States and North Vietnam would ensure a "stable peace," guaranteeing the right of the people "to determine their own future, without outside interference. (ostatic.com)
- Less than two years later, Vietnam was unified and communist.North Vietnam was happy to sign any agreement that would get the United States out of Vietnam, knowing it would never abide by its provisions and no mechanism existed for holding the communists accountable. (ostatic.com)
Enemy2
- The U.S. and the United Kingdom began testing weaponized herbicides during World War II to disrupt enemy food supplies. (peoplesworld.org)
- A variety of herbicide that U.S. forces used in Vietnam to kill plants and remove leaves from trees that provided cover for the enemy. (errolmorris.com)
Aerial1
- The aerial bombardments of civilian population centers in World Wars I and II violated the principle of distinction, as did the detonation of nuclear weapons at Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and August 9 of 1945. (saltlaw.org)
Ecocide2
- The history of the term "ecocide" is rooted in the Vietnam War. (eco-business.com)
- Those who, in peace time or war time, commit … acts of ecocide or destroy the natural environment, shall be sentenced to between 10 years and 20 years of imprisonment, life imprisonment or capital punishment," states Vietnam's 1999 Penal Code . (eco-business.com)
Consequences1
- Rainbow herbicides and other dioxin-like compounds are endocrine disruptors, and evidence suggests that they continue to have long-term health consequences many years after exposure. (wikipedia.org)
Million1
- The U.S.-Vietnam Dialogue Group on Agent Orange/Dioxin, established in 2007 with help from the Ford Foundation, has recommended a ten-year, $300 million remediation plan. (aspeninstitute.org)