Vibrio cholerae serotype o1. Medical search. Frequent questions

Although the predominant Vibrio cholerae serotype in Pakistan is Ogawa and serotype Inaba is rare, there has been a significant increase in the isolation of Inaba in our referral laboratory in Karachi. (bvsalud.org)
Of these, 243 were serotype Inaba, outnumbering serotype Ogawa. (bvsalud.org)
Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 serotype Ogawa was isolated from stool specimens collected from both patients. (cdc.gov)
South Africa and found that isolates linked to the out- when_there_are_no_breakpoints break were Vibrio cholerae O1 serotype Ogawa from 7. (cdc.gov)
On 10 May 2018, staff at the north Delhi district surveillance unit identified a laboratory-confirmed cholera outbreak when five people tested positive for Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa serotype in Bhadola. (cdc.gov)
Of the 836 confirmed isolates, 87% (728/836) were V.cholerae O1 Ogawa,12% (103/836) were V.cholerae O1 Inaba and only 6 isolates were V.cholerae O1 Hikojima. (biomedcentral.com)
In 2006 all the Vibrio isolates were of Inaba serotype, followed by all 3 serotypes during 2007.During 2008-2014 only Ogawa serotype was isolated while few cases of Inaba again surfaced in 2015. (biomedcentral.com)
General Information: Vibrio cholerae O395 is a classical O1 serotype strain of the Ogawa biotype. (up.ac.za)
Cholera was first detected in Papua New Guinea in July 2009, caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor serotype Ogawa. (who.int)
Se pudo establecer una relación genética del 100% entre cepas de Vibrio cholerae O1 biotipo El Tor serotipo Ogawa productora de toxinas ctxA y tcpA aislada del caso índice del brote de cólera. (bvsalud.org)
A genetic relationship of 100% was established between strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor serotype Ogawa toxin producer ctxA and tcpA isolated from the index case of the cholera outbreak. (bvsalud.org)
A water sample was taken from a fish tank at stall no. 5 of Yue Wan Market Cooked Food Centre, Yee Fung Street, Chai Wan, which tested positive for Vibrio cholerae O1 E1 Tor serotype Ogawa. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
We show that the isolates from Yemen that were collected during the two epidemiological waves of the epidemic1-the first between 28 September 2016 and 23 April 2017 (25,839 suspected cases) and the second beginning on 24 April 2017 (more than 1 million suspected cases)-are V. cholerae serotype Ogawa isolates from a single sublineage of the seventh pandemic V. cholerae O1 El Tor (7PET) lineage. (pasteur.fr)
Of the 154 V. cholerae O1 isolates, 89 (58%) were of the El Tor Ogawa serotype and 65 (42%) were El Tor Inaba. (biomedcentral.com)
Each biotype is further subdivided into two serotypes, termed Inaba and Ogawa . (mhmedical.com)

cholera isolates were tested for antimicrobial resistance by disc-diffusion. (cdc.gov)
CDC requests that Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates be referred to the Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Laboratory for characterization. (cdc.gov)
The isolates were examined by group-specific PCR (GS-PCR) specific for the pandemic clone, and for the presence of two major virulence genes, tdh and trh , and the O : K serotype. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The O : K serotypes of the pandemic isolates remained unchanged. (microbiologyresearch.org)
All V. cholerae isolates are submitted to the Cen- tre for Enteric Diseases, which provides further labora- tory investigation, including phenotypic and genotypic characterization (Appendix 1, https://wwwnc.cdc. (cdc.gov)
Suspected isolates of V. cholerae should be submitted to public health laboratories for confirmation. (cdc.gov)
The PCR assay showed that all the V. cholerae isolates belong to non-O1/non-O139 serogroups. (biomedcentral.com)
Of the isolates, Vibrio Cholera (84%), V. mimicus (73%), V. alginolyticus (91%) and V. parahaemolyticus (100%) isolates harboured at least one of the virulence-associated genes investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
The cumulative MVGI for V. cholerae , V. mimicus , V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus isolates were 0.34, 0.20, 0.45, and 0.40 respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Methods: This is a cross-sectional, retro-prospective descriptive and analytical study of Vibrio cholerae (Vc) O1 isolates collected at the North Kivu provincial public health laboratory (AMI LABO) from January 1, 2011 to June 30, 2022. (clinmedjournals.org)
Here we investigate the phylogenetic relationships, pathogenesis and determinants of antimicrobial resistance by sequencing the genomes of Vibrio cholerae isolates from the epidemic in Yemen and recent isolates from neighbouring regions. (pasteur.fr)
These 116 genomic sequences were placed within the phylogenetic context of a global collection of 1,087 isolates of the seventh pandemic V. cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 biotype El Tor2-4. (pasteur.fr)

All 190 patients with positive stool cultures had V. cholerae serogroup O1, biotype El Tor and serotype Inaba positive. (who.int)
On a identifié chez l'ensemble des 190 patients, dont les cultures de selles étaient positives, V. cholerae du sérogroupe O1, biotype El Tor, sérotype Inaba. (who.int)
The first 6 occurred from 1817-1923 and were probably the result of V cholerae O1 of the classic biotype. (medscape.com)
This seventh pandemic was the first recognized to be caused by the El Tor biotype of V cholerae O1. (medscape.com)
SPAdes: a new genome ing 1970, and the related cholera strain, Vibrio choler- assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell ae O1 biotype El Tor (7PET), has since become endemic sequencing. (cdc.gov)
The Latin American epidemic strain is biotype El Tor, serotype Inaba. (cdc.gov)
The earlier pandemics were caused by the classical biotype of V. cholerae O1, whereas the 7th ongoing pandemic is caused by serogroup O1 El Tor and has been the most extensive in geographical spread and duration [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Over the past few years, V. cholerae O1 biotype El Tor causing Asiatic cholera has shown remarkable changes in its phenotypic and genetic characteristics [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Confirmation was done by biochemical profiling (API 20E, bioMerieux, Marcy-l'Étoile France) and serology to determine biotype and serotype. (who.int)
El Tor (O1) is the predominant biotype and is responsible for the most recent epidemic ( 1 ). (unboundmedicine.com)
However, mild or asymptomatic infection is much more common with the currently predominant El Tor biotype and with non-O1 and non-O139 serogroups of V. cholerae . (msdmanuals.com)

V. cholerae O139 Bengal [ 1 ]. (who.int)
Currently, in most regions of south-east Asia, V. cholerae serogroup O1 remains dominant, whereas in Methods other regions serogroup O139 periodically re-emerges [ 1,2 ]. (who.int)
other than toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 or O139 from a clinical specimen. (cdc.gov)
Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139) should be reported. (cdc.gov)
Infections due to toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 or O139 are reportable as cholera (see current cholera case definition). (cdc.gov)
A new strain of cholera, V cholerae serogroup O139 (Bengal) emerged in the fall of 1992 and caused outbreaks in Bangladesh and India in 1993. (medscape.com)
Although more than 200 serogroups of V cholerae have been identified, V cholerae O1 and V cholerae O139 are the principal ones associated with epidemic cholera. (medscape.com)
The causative organism, V. cholerae serogroups O1 and O139, is a short, curved, motile, aerobic, gram-negative bacillus that produces enterotoxin, a protein that induces hypersecretion of an isotonic electrolyte solution by the small-bowel mucosa. (msdmanuals.com)
strains O1 and O139, which do not produce cholera toxin. (msdmanuals.com)
7] S. Chakraborty, J. Deokule, and et al Garg P, "Concomitant infection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in an outbreak of cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 in Ahmedabad, India," vol. 7, no. (uns.ac.id)
Although the term cholera has occasionally been applied to any severely dehydrating secretory diarrheal illness, whether infectious in etiology or not, it now refers to disease caused by V. cholerae serogroup O1 or O139-i.e., the serogroups with epidemic potential. (mhmedical.com)
Although some non-O1 V. cholerae serogroups (strains that do not agglutinate in antisera to the O1 group antigen) have occasionally caused sporadic outbreaks of diarrhea, serogroup O1 was, until the emergence of serogroup O139 in 1992, the exclusive cause of epidemic cholera. (mhmedical.com)
Researchers revealed in a study published in the scientific journal Nature, how the O139 Vibrio cholerae , instead of triggering the eighth pandemic as predicted, has disappeared after suddenly becoming susceptible to antibiotics. (sbmt.org.br)
In the study entitled " Vibrio cholerae O139 genomes provide a clue to why it may have failed to usher in the eighth cholera pandemic ", researchers examined 330 samples taken between 1992 and 2015 and observed that over time there were significant changes in their genome and these changes caused the "unexpected decline" of the variant. (sbmt.org.br)
Dr. Ankur Mutreja, one of the authors of the study, explains that O139 Cholera spread in three overlapping waves and that antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was crucial for the early success and subsequent failure of the O139 cholera lineage. (sbmt.org.br)
VAXCHORA has not been shown to protect against disease caused by V. cholerae serogroup O139 or other non-O1 serogroups. (rxlist.com)

To prevent future cholera outbreaks, improvements to WASH and enhanced disease surveillance systems in Dadaab camp and the surrounding area are needed. (cdc.gov)
Preventing future cholera outbreaks in Africa will depend on interrupting both waterborne and foodborne transmission of this pathogen. (cambridge.org)
Throughout history, populations all over the world have sporadically been affected by devastating outbreaks of cholera. (medscape.com)
Strengthening surveillance, improving water, and sanitation systems are recommended to prevent future cholera outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
In Nepal, cases of Cholera occur annually either as sporadic or as outbreaks claiming the lives of many in rural areas. (biomedcentral.com)
With changing epidemiology and antibiogram of V.cholerae in Nepal, the present study reflects the importance of continuous monitoring, which could be used by policy makers and health professionals for better management of outbreaks. (biomedcentral.com)
Every year, cases of cholera occur sporadically or as outbreaks. (biomedcentral.com)
Five (sites SR, PA5, PA6, EL4 and EL6) out of the seventeen sampling sites were detected as the hotspots for potential cholera-like infection and vibriosis outbreaks. (biomedcentral.com)
Muenchen, which at the same time are the serotypes associated with outbreaks. (bvsalud.org)
Using genomic approaches, we link the epidemic in Yemen to global radiations of pandemic V. cholerae and show that this sublineage originated from South Asia and that it caused outbreaks in East Africa before appearing in Yemen. (pasteur.fr)

ABSTRACT An analytical cross-sectional study determined the serogroups and serotypes of Vibrio cholerae , and their antibiotic resistance rates, in the 2005 cholera epidemic in Hamadan. (who.int)
Other serogroups of V. cholerae, and nontoxigenic V. cholerae O1, may be isolated from stools of patients with diarrhea, but these bacteria are not associated with epidemic cholera. (cdc.gov)
The species V. cholerae is classified into more than 200 serogroups based on the carbohydrate determinants of their lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O antigens. (mhmedical.com)

Toxigenic V. cholerae O1, serotype Inaba, was isolated from patients and stored household water. (cambridge.org)
Description: Vibrio Cholerae serotype O1 (strain ATCC 39315 / El Tor Inaba N16961) arginine--tRNA ligase (argS), recombinant protein. (gemini-genomics.com)
Of the 3 serotypes isolated, the serovar Inaba was the majority (57.6%, n = 2522). (clinmedjournals.org)
CVD 103-HgR was constructed from the serogroup O1 classical Inaba strain 569B by deleting the catalytic domain sequence of both copies of the ctxA gene, which prevents the synthesis of active cholera toxin ( CT ). (rxlist.com)

Cholera is caused by V. cholerae serogroup O1 strains that produce cholera toxin. (cdc.gov)
Vaxchora ( Cholera Vaccine , Live, Oral) is a vaccine indicated for active immunization against disease caused by Vibrio cholera serogroup O1. (rxlist.com)
VAXCHORA is a vaccine indicated for active immunization against disease caused by Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 in persons 2 through 64 years of age traveling to cholera-affected areas. (rxlist.com)

The suspected cholera case was a resident of Shahpur huts, 1 year of age having 3 loose stools within a 24-h period between September 1 and 28, 2019 and a laboratory-confirmed cholera case, whose stool specimen tested positive for Vibrio cholerae. (cdc.gov)

Noteworthy was detection and identification of enteroaggregative E. coli O104:H4 and Vibrio cholerae serotype O1 El Tor, however, cholera toxin genes were not identified. (montana.edu)
Cholera is an acute infection of the small bowel by the gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae , which secretes a toxin that causes copious watery diarrhea, leading to dehydration, oliguria, and circulatory collapse. (msdmanuals.com)
After penetrating the mucus layer, these organisms colonize the epithelial lining of the gut and secrete cholera toxin. (msdmanuals.com)
The B protomer binds cholera toxin to intestinal epithelial cells, and facilitates the uptake of the A1 fragment. (curehunter.com)
The B subunit portion of cholera toxin (CTB) is a safe and effective oral immunizing agent in humans, affording protection against both cholera and diarrhoea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli producing heat-labile toxin (LT) (Clemens et al. (curehunter.com)

In July, toxigenic V. cholerae O1 resembling the Latin American strain was isolated by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) researchers from oysters taken from closed oyster beds in Mobile Bay, Alabama, off the Gulf of Mexico. (cdc.gov)
Because of the considerable travel between Latin America and the United States, and because of the presence of the Gulf Coast strain, additional cases of cholera may occur. (cdc.gov)
This strain can be distinguished from the strain of V. cholerae O1 that is endemic to the U.S. Gulf Coast by hemolysin production and by molecular subtyping techniques (7). (cdc.gov)
Outbreak of epidemic cholera caused by a non-O1 strain of V. cholerae designated V. cholerae 0139 has also been reported from various parts of Bangladesh, India and other countries [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Description: Shigella Boydii serotype 4 (strain Sb227) Arginine--tRNA ligase, recombinant protein. (gemini-genomics.com)
Description: Shigella Dysenteriae serotype 1 (strain Sd197) Arginine--tRNA ligase, recombinant protein. (gemini-genomics.com)
In this study we describe three PAIs found in environmental Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains, as well as a genomic fitness island found in a Vibrio diabolicus strain. (springeropen.com)
VAXCHORA ( Cholera Vaccine, Live, Oral) is a live, attenuated bacterial vaccine suspension for oral administration containing the V. cholerae strain CVD 103-HgR. (rxlist.com)
In addition, a marker was inserted into the hemolysin gene locus (hlyA) to enable differentiation of the vaccine strain from wild type V. cholerae O1. (rxlist.com)

1133 cases of cholera with 12 deaths in the east India. (who.int)
In addition, approximately two cases of cholera are reported each year among travelers returning to the United States from non-Western Hemisphere countries. (cdc.gov)
126 new cases of cholera were reported during week 52 , of which reported from 16 districts of Banadir region. (who.int)
Nearly 4 million cases of cholera are reported each year worldwide, including 189,000 (5 to 14%) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). (clinmedjournals.org)

Although not the first description, the discovery of the cholera organism is credited to German bacteriologist Robert Koch, who independently identified V cholerae in 1883 during an outbreak in Egypt. (medscape.com)
10 8 organisms) through contaminated food/water sources, the organism reaches the small intestine where V. cholerae (O-group 1) produces an enterotoxin (CTX) that promotes fluid secretion into the intestinal lumen. (unboundmedicine.com)
The natural habitat of V. cholerae is coastal salt water and brackish estuaries, where the organism lives in close relation to plankton. (mhmedical.com)

Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. (wikipedia.org)
Cholera, caused by infection with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae through ingestion of contaminated food or water, can spread rapidly in densely populated settings such as refugee camps. (cdc.gov)
Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The Hong Kong Food and Environmental Hygiene Department (FEHD) today ordered the temporary closure of a food stall after the bacterium, Vibrio cholerae was detected in their fish tank. (outbreaknewstoday.com)

Cholera can be endemic, epidemic, or pandemic. (medscape.com)
Infection by the pandemic clone of Vibrio parahaemolyticus is prevalent in southern Thailand. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Prevalence of the pandemic genotype of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and significance of its distribution across different serotypes. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Emergence of serovar transition of Vibrio parahaemolyticus pandemic strains isolated during a diarrhea outbreak in Vietnam between 1997 and 1999. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Cholera: the return of a forgotten pandemic? (sbmt.org.br)
To avoid the eighth pandemic, we need to implement constant surveillance efforts to monitor the evolutionary changes of the population of V. cholerae worldwide, especially in endemic areas," he says. (sbmt.org.br)

Scanning electron microscope image of Vibrio cholerae bacteria, which infect the digestive system. (medscape.com)
V. cholerae and its close relative V. mimicus are bacteria of public health importance, especially as an etiological agent of waterborne infections. (biomedcentral.com)
Food is often contaminated by water containing cholera bacteria or by being handled by a person ill with cholera. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
Notable exceptions include various species of Vibrio and Legionella bacteria and protozoan parasites such as the free-living amoebae Naegleria and Acanthamoeba . (nationalacademies.org)
Cholera bacteria are not monitored regularly because cholera is generally easy to treat and to avoid when adequate WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) systems are adequate. (sbmt.org.br)

Cholera is diagnosed by isolation of toxigenic V. cholerae serotype O1 from feces. (cdc.gov)

An outbreak of cholera began in Yemen in October 2016. (wikipedia.org)
Here we report on the diagnostic challenges and the logistical factors that impacted on diagnosis during the first reported outbreak of cholera in Papua New Guinea. (who.int)

The impact of shigellosis is exacerbated by the threat of antimicrobial resistance, whereas that of cholera is aggravated by its severe manifestations. (biomedcentral.com)

Cholera is an intestinal infection caused by Vibrio cholerae (see the images below). (medscape.com)
Cholera is spread by ingestion of water, shellfish, or other foods contaminated by the excrement of people with symptomatic or asymptomatic infection. (msdmanuals.com)
Household contacts of patients with cholera are at high risk of infection, which probably occurs through shared sources of contaminated food and water. (msdmanuals.com)
Other vibrioses caused by other Vibrio species include syndromes of diarrhea, soft tissue infection, or primary sepsis. (mhmedical.com)

Although the disease may be asymptomatic or mild, severe cholera can cause dehydration and death within hours of onset. (medscape.com)
Cholera should be suspected in a patient with severe watery diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration. (cdc.gov)
Vibrio cholerae can colonize the mucosal surface of the small intestines of humans where it will cause cholera, a severe and sudden onset diarrheal disease. (up.ac.za)
Both the El Tor and classic biotypes of V. cholerae O1 can cause severe disease. (msdmanuals.com)
Accordingly, cholera gravis (the severe form) is a much-feared disease, particularly in its epidemic presentation. (mhmedical.com)

Diarrhea and gastroenteritis (including cholera and dysentery) comes in second position among top ten causes of inpatient morbidity and top ten reasons for OPD consultation. (biomedcentral.com)
Cholera is a bacterial disease that can cause diarrhea and dehydration. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
Cholera can be subclinical, a mild and uncomplicated episode of diarrhea, or a fulminant, potentially lethal disease. (msdmanuals.com)

In a decade, six episodes of laboratory confirmed cholera outbreak has been recorded by NPHL. (biomedcentral.com)

In 2017 and 2019, war-torn Yemen accounted for 84% and 93% of all cholera cases in the world, with children constituting the majority of reported cases. (wikipedia.org)
Following "on the heels of civil conflict between Houthi rebels and the internationally recognized Yemeni regime", the Yemen cholera outbreak began in early October 2016, and by January 2017, the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (WHO EMRO) considered the outbreak to be unusual in its rapid and wide geographical spread. (wikipedia.org)
2017 . Cholera . (ajtmh.org)
Genomic insights into the 2016-2017 cholera epidemic in Yemen. (pasteur.fr)
2017). Cholera and other vibrioses. (mhmedical.com)

The present study is a laboratory based surveillance which aims to analyze the changing epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility trend of V. cholerae strains isolated or referred to National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL) over a period of 11 years (2006-2016). (biomedcentral.com)
The study affirms the relevancy of environmental Vibrio species to the epidemiology of vibriosis, cholera and cholera-like infections. (biomedcentral.com)

This paper reports this observation and further analysis of previous cholera data from 1993 to 2005 to assess the trend of occurrence and resistance pattern of V. cholerae strains . (bvsalud.org)
1,2 ], our objectives were to determine the of cholera in the first 3 months of 1993. (who.int)

The FDA-approved vaccine is for adults 18 to 64 years traveling to an area of active cholera transmission. (unboundmedicine.com)

Prevention methods against cholera include improved sanitation and access to clean water. (wikipedia.org)

The rapidity with which newly arrived refugees became infected precluded effective use of a cholera vaccine to prevent cases unless vaccination had occurred immediately upon camp arrival. (cambridge.org)
Map of Uganda showing districts where oral cholera vaccine (OCV) campaigns were conducted, 2018-2021. (ajtmh.org)
19A, a serotype not within the earlier vaccine, was noticed. (ncccam.com)
of this, serotype 19A is included within the present 13 serotype vaccine. (ncccam.com)
Our Vaxchora (Cholera Vaccine, Live, Oral) Side Effects Drug Center provides a comprehensive view of available drug information on the potential side effects when taking this medication. (rxlist.com)
The effectiveness of VAXCHORA has not been established in persons who have pre-existing immunity due to previous exposure to V. cholerae or receipt of a cholera vaccine. (rxlist.com)

Clinical suspicion should be increased for persons returning from areas known to have epidemic cholera or for persons with a recent history of ingestion of raw or undercooked shellfish. (cdc.gov)
Cholera is most often spread through the ingestion of contaminated food or drinking water. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
Ingestion of water contaminated by human feces is the most common means of acquisition of V. cholerae . (mhmedical.com)

Note that species identification and, if applicable, serotype designation (i.e. (cdc.gov)
Vibrio can affect shellfish, finfish, and other marine animals and a number of species are pathogenic for humans. (up.ac.za)
All Vibrio species are highly motile, facultatively anaerobic, curved gram-negative rods with one or more flagella. (mhmedical.com)

From January to September 2005, 245/3292 [7.4%] specimens yielded growth of V. cholerae. (bvsalud.org)
Culture of rectal swabs or fecal specimens on thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS) medium should be requested for any patient suspected to have cholera. (cdc.gov)
Stool specimens were tested for Vibrio cholerae, and water samples were also tested for any fecal contamination and residual chlorine. (cdc.gov)
All seven stool specimens tested negative for V. cholerae. (cdc.gov)
Tested samples of water from tanks (n = 6), sewage effluent (n = 2), and 22% (4/18) of stool specimens collected from suspected cases were positive for V. cholerae. (cdc.gov)

Classic among them is cholera, a devastating diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae that has been responsible for seven global pandemics and much suffering over the past two centuries. (mhmedical.com)
Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease that can, in a matter of hours, result in profound, rapidly progressive dehydration and death. (mhmedical.com)

Isolation of Vibrio spp. (cdc.gov)

Our findings suggest that humans having contact with water resources in our study areas are exposed to potential public health risks owing to the detection of virulent determinants in human pathogenic Vibrio spp. (biomedcentral.com)
Hence we suggest a monitoring program for human pathogenic Vibrio spp. (biomedcentral.com)

Indonesia in 1961 and spread throughout have been 12 epidemics of cholera with Asia as Vibrio cholerae El Tor, displacing the 1st epidemic in 1965 (Figure 1). (who.int)
This survey was carried out using an ana- is most common cause of cholera epidemics. (who.int)
Epidemics occur after war, civil unrest, or natural disasters when water and food supplies become contaminated with V cholerae in areas with crowded living conditions and poor sanitation. (medscape.com)
Seven cholera epidemics have occurred in the past 200 years ( 1 ). (unboundmedicine.com)

2 years who was epidemiologically linked to a confirmed cholera case. (cdc.gov)

Two biotypes of V. cholerae O1, classical and El Tor, are distinguished. (mhmedical.com)

Uganda maps showing districts deemed to be endemic (shaded districts) and those deemed to have eliminated cholera (non-shaded districts) for ( A ) 2018, ( B ) 2019, ( C ) 2020, and ( D ) 2021. (ajtmh.org)
2020. https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/816264/all/Cholera. (unboundmedicine.com)

Global climate and infectious disease: the cholera paradigm. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Clonal dissemination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus displaying similar DNA fingerprint but belonging to two different serovars (O3 : K6 and O4 : K68) in Thailand and India. (microbiologyresearch.org)
BACKGROUND: In the Gangetic plains of India, including Delhi, cholera is endemic. (cdc.gov)
New serotype in Bangladesh, India (0139). (unboundmedicine.com)

Antimicrobial agents play a secondary role in the treatment of cholera. (who.int)
This report provides an update on cholera in the Western Hemisphere and provides recommendations on the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cholera in the United States. (cdc.gov)

The 19th century English physician John Snow provided the first demonstration that the transmission of cholera was significantly reduced when uncontaminated water was provided to the population. (medscape.com)
Proper treatment of sewage and drinking water in the United States should prevent transmission of cholera by these routes within the United States. (cdc.gov)

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cholera cases increased in 2022 especially in regions suffering from poverty. (sbmt.org.br)

Variability in properties of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from single patients. (microbiologyresearch.org)

However, cholera remains under ac- tive surveillance in South Africa. (cdc.gov)
It is accepted that "prompt and accurate diagnosis of Vibrio cholerae is a key step in cholera outbreak surveillance that can greatly influence rapid intervention and prevention to minimize disease spread and mortality. (who.int)
In preparation of vaccines trials to estimate protection against shigellosis and cholera we conducted a two-year community-based surveillance study in an impoverished area of North Jakarta which provided updated information on the disease burden in the area. (biomedcentral.com)
We conducted a two-year community-based surveillance study from August 2001 to July 2003 in an impoverished area of North Jakarta to assess the burden of diarrhoea, shigellosis, and cholera. (biomedcentral.com)

a new introduction of cholera into Africa from south Asia. (cdc.gov)
This study investigated the presence of eleven key virulence-associated genes in Vibrio cholerae ( n = 111) and Vibrio mimicus ( n = 22) and eight virulence determinants in Vibrio alginolyticus (n = 65) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (n = 17) isolated from six important water resources in Eastern Cape, South Africa, using PCR techniques. (biomedcentral.com)
Cholera is endemic in portions of Asia, the Middle East, Africa, South and Central America, and the Gulf Coast of the US. (msdmanuals.com)

Crystal structure of an anti-carbohydrate antibody directed against Vibrio cholerae O1 in complex with antigen: molecular basis for serotype specificity. (cathdb.info)

Hacker and Carniel 2000 ) and the average Vibrio genome is 4.5 mbp (Pipes et al. (springeropen.com)

Definitive diagnosis is not a prerequisite for the treatment of patients with cholera. (medscape.com)
Patients suspected of having cholera should be treated aggressively while awaiting culture results. (cdc.gov)
Patients with suspected cholera were treated empirically, following standardized rehydration algorithms, so delayed diagnosis did not impact on treatment. (who.int)
75% of patients infected with V. cholerae do not develop symptoms. (unboundmedicine.com)
Thirty-four percent of patients with cholera were intravenously rehydrated and 22% required hospitalization. (biomedcentral.com)

Shigella sonnei, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter spp. (bvsalud.org)

Total cost, including delivery costs, of oral cholera vaccination is under US$10 per person. (wikipedia.org)

Yemen is currently experiencing, to our knowledge, the largest cholera epidemic in recent history. (pasteur.fr)

Infants had the highest incidences of diarrhoea (759/1 000/year) and cholera (4/1 000/year). (biomedcentral.com)

Organisms12

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs9

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes3

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science1

Health Care2

Geographicals1

Ogawa15

Isolates12

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O13916

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Positive for Vibrio cholerae1

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Cases of cholera4

Organism3

Bacterium4

Pandemic6

Bacteria5

Toxigenic1

Outbreak of cholera2

Antimicrobial resistance1

Infection4

Severe5

Diarrhea3

Laboratory-confirmed cholera outbreak1

20175

Epidemiology2

19932

Active cholera1

Improved sanitation1

Vaccine6

Ingestion3

Species3

Specimens5

Diarrheal2

Isolation1

Pathogenic2

Epidemics4

Confirmed cholera case1

Biotypes1

20202

Infectious disease1

India3

Treatment of cholera2

Transmission of cholera2

20221

Strains isolated1

Surveillance4

Africa3

Antigen1

20001

Patients5

Shigella1

Oral cholera1

Largest cholera1

Diarrhoea1