Vesicle trafficking proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Membrane vesicle trafficking in eukaryotic animal cells involves movement of biochemical signal molecules from synthesis-and-packaging locations in the Golgi body to specific release locations on the inside of the plasma membrane of the secretory cell. (wikipedia.org)
It takes place in the form of Golgi membrane-bound micro-sized vesicles, termed membrane vesicles (MVs). (wikipedia.org)
Once vesicles are produced in the endoplasmic reticulum and modified in the golgi body they make their way to a variety of destinations within the cell. (wikipedia.org)
Vesicles first leave the golgi body and are released into the cytoplasm in a process called budding. (wikipedia.org)
Receptors embedded in the membrane of the golgi body bind specific cargo (such as dopamine) on the lumenal side of the vesicle. (wikipedia.org)
Intracellular trafficking occurs between subcellular compartments like Golgi cisternae and multivesicular endosomes for transport of soluble proteins as MVs. (wikipedia.org)
PI(4)P is enriched in the membrane of the Golgi apparatus and synaptic vesicles (SVs), PI(4,5)P 2 and PI(3,4,5)P 3 mainly exist in the plasma membrane, PI(3)P and PI(3,5)P 2 are selectively concentrated on early and late endosomes, respectively. (jneurosci.org)
In photoreceptors, Dynein1 is thought to mediate post-Golgi vesicle trafficking, while Dynein2 is thought to be responsible for outer segment maintenance. (nih.gov)
Retinal photoreceptor neurons, however, are significantly affected by loss of Dync1h1, as transmission electron microscopy and marker analyses demonstrated defects in organelle positioning and outer segment morphogenesis and suggested defects in post-Golgi vesicle trafficking. (nih.gov)
Our results indicate that Dynein1 is required for multiple cellular processes in photoreceptor neurons, including organelle positioning, proper outer segment morphogenesis, and potentially post-Golgi vesicle trafficking. (nih.gov)
Alpha-synuclein functions as a molecular chaperone, and is involved in the functioning of the neuronal Golgi apparatus and vesicle trafficking. (standardofcare.com)
In subsequent years we found that we had reconstituted vesicle trafficking in the Golgi, including the process of membrane fusion. (yale.edu)
These vesicles are transported by microtubule-based motor proteins and fuse together to form vesicular tubular clusters, subsequently arriving at the Golgi apparatus, a eukaryotic endomembrane organelle that often has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance. (jove.com)
These may deliver their contents to the Golgi for recycling or become more mature vesicles known as late endosomes, whose contents are passed to bodies called lysosomes, where they are destroyed. (alzforum.org)
We report here that Sac1p has a specific role in secretion and acts as an antagonist of the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase Pik1p in Golgi trafficking. (embl.de)
Cdc42 interacts with proteins that regulate endocytosis and exocytosis and mediate traffic between ER and Golgi. (rupress.org)
The OCRL1 protein is an inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase primarily located in the trans- Golgi network (TGN), on endosomes, and at the endocytic clathrin coated pits. (medscape.com)
OCRL1 has been localized to the trans -Golgi network and various compartments of the endocytic pathway (traffic), where it is found in the clathrin-coated pits, clathrin-coated vesicles, variable functioning endosomes (early, signaling, recycling), and the basal body of primary cilia. (medscape.com)

In yeast, a member of the WASP family of proteins promotes the assembly of actin filaments around the site where endocytosis will occur. (elifesciences.org)
The experiments show that WASP, myosin and WIP are recruited to sites where endocytosis is about to occur through specific interactions with other proteins. (elifesciences.org)
suggest that WASP and WIP play key roles in establishing the network of proteins needed for actin filaments to assemble during endocytosis. (elifesciences.org)
Conditional protein mislocalization combined with high-resolution imaging provides convincing evidence that K13 is involved in the formation of cytostomes, the structures involved in the endocytosis of host cytosol. (elifesciences.org)
Thus, suppressing PA production by inhibiting either PLD or DGK activity compromised membrane trafficking except early endocytosis, disrupted tip-localized deposition of cell wall material, especially pectins, and inhibited pollen tube growth. (frontiersin.org)
Many are taken in by endocytosis, sinking into pits in the membrane that pinch off to form vesicles that drop into the cell, where they are known as early endosomes. (alzforum.org)
The recruitment of specific cytosolic proteins to intracellular membranes through binding phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) controls such processes as endocytosis, regulated exocytosis, cytoskeletal organization, and cell signaling. (embl.de)
The absorption of LMW proteins occurs in the PTC through clathrin-mediated endocytosis via 2 multiligand receptors (megalin and cubilin) present in the PTC apical border. (medscape.com)
The low number of megalin at the PTC apical border explains the reduced endocytosis of low-molecular weight proteins that occur in Lowe syndrome. (medscape.com)

These include SNAREs, which mediate vesicle function, and NSF, a AAA+ ATPase that maintains protein dynamics of the SNAREs, and thus membrane trafficking. (asbmb.org)
The pore-forming BCL-2 family proteins mediate mitochondrial poration to initiate apoptosis through protei-protein and protein-lipid interactions. (portlandpress.com)

Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process that eliminates damaged cell organelles, unfolded proteins, and various intracellular pathogens through lysosomal degradation. (hindawi.com)
In general, autophagy degrades long-lived damaged intracellular proteins, in contrast to the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which controls the degradation of short-lived proteins [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Co-expression of P9 and P12 in a Pseudomonas host results in the formation of intracellular vesicles that are potential intermediates in the phi6 virion assembly pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
Intracellular membrane structures are rare in bacteria, thus making them ideal chasses for cell-based vesicle production. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, production of intracellular membrane vesicles in Escherichia coli can be triggered by expression of Acholeplasma laidlawii lipid glycosyltransferases [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Outside of these intriguing examples, intracellular membranes are rare in the majority of bacterial cells, making them attractive systems for cell-based vesicle production. (biomedcentral.com)
Chédiak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is an autosomal recessive immunodeficiency disorder characterized by abnormal intracellular protein transport. (medscape.com)

Inhibition of COPII budding complex formation by the expression of a dominant-negative mutant of the small GTPase Sar1 had no detectable effect on BMB2 subcellular targeting, which therefore could occur without exit from the ER in COPII transport vesicles. (microbiologyresearch.org)

The MGH Program in Membrane Biology (PMB) within the Division of Nephrology brings together a diverse group of 40 faculty, fellows, technical, and administrative staff who collaborate in research related to the functional importance of cell membranes, membrane proteins, vesicle trafficking and signal transduction in physiologically important processes in epithelial and non-epithelial cells. (harvard.edu)

Unlike in eukaryotes, membrane vesicular trafficking in prokaryotes is an emerging area in interactive biology for intra-species (quorum sensing) and inter-species signaling at host-pathogen interface, as prokaryotes lack internal membrane-compartmentalization of their cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
Our lab is working to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of vesicular transport within cells and the secretion of proteins and neurotransmitters. (yale.edu)
The possibility to locate heterologous proteins into the P9-lipid vesicles facilitates the production of vesicular structures with novel properties. (biomedcentral.com)
Cdc42 is a well-known regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, but also plays important roles in vesicular trafficking. (rupress.org)

These presynaptic terminals release neurotransmitters, from compartments known as synaptic vesicles. (standardofcare.com)
Studies suggest that alpha synuclein plays a role in restricting the mobility of synaptic vesicles, consequently attenuating synaptic vesicle recycling and neurotransmitter release. (standardofcare.com)

These proteins - which drive various membrane remodeling events such as fission reactions that release intralumenal vesicles into endosomes and viruses from the cell surface -are one of Phylllis Hanson's many research interests. (asbmb.org)

Clathrin coated vesicles enable neurotransmitter receptors and other proteins to be endocytosed or taken up across neuronal membranes and across the membranes of other types of cells. (wikipedia.org)
The CLINT1 gene has been shown to be involved in the genetic aetiology of schizophrenia in four studies It is known that the antipsychotic drugs chlorpromazine and clozapine stabilise clathrin coated vesicles and this may be one reason why antipsychotic drugs are effective in treating delusions, auditory hallucinations and many of the other symptoms of schizophrenia. (wikipedia.org)

A vesicle trafficking protein αSNAP regulates Paneth cell differentiation in vivo. (nih.gov)
For example, the Rab23 protein regulates a developmental pathway called the hedgehog signaling pathway that is critical in cell growth (proliferation), cell specialization, and the normal shaping (patterning) of many parts of the body. (medlineplus.gov)
It is a neuronal protein that regulates synaptic vesicle trafficking and subsequent neurotransmitter release. (standardofcare.com)
Importantly, Cdc42 regulates membrane traffic at numerous sites. (rupress.org)

This can involve ubiquitin regulated sorting by the ESCRT complex (2), initial ubiquitin-indendent sorting (possibly by GASP) before ubiquitin and ESCRT mediated transfer to Intralumenal vesicles (3) or direct interaction with the ESCRT III component, independent of ubiquitination (4) mediated by ALIX. (abdn.ac.uk)
One area of particular interest is the role of ubiquitination in directing receptor translocation to intralumenal vesicles and its requirement or otherwise for trafficking to the lysosome. (abdn.ac.uk)

Once the vesicle arrives at its destination it joins with the bi-lipid layer in a process called fusion, and then releases its contents. (wikipedia.org)
The binding of alpha-synuclein to lipid membranes alters the bilayer structure and leading to the formation of small vesicles. (standardofcare.com)
Aggregated states of alpha-synuclein permeate the membrane of lipid vesicles. (standardofcare.com)
These EV contain a lipid bilayer associated to membrane proteins. (frontiersin.org)
The exosome vesicles are a type of extracellular vesicles (EV), which are defined as lipid-bilayer spheroid structures, without replicating capacity, that are released from cells, including both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (frontiersin.org)
Each cell produces thousands of different protein and lipid molecules. (alzforum.org)
Vesicles are spherical membrane structures composed of a lipid bilayer enclosing aqueous material. (biomedcentral.com)
The only bacteriophages known to have a lipid envelope around their protein capsids are the members of the Cystoviridae family [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are membranous particles released by cells into the extracellular space. (mdpi.com)
The cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EV) that may have an endosomal origin, or from evaginations of the plasma membrane. (frontiersin.org)

These cargo receptors then recruit a variety of proteins including other cargo receptors and coat proteins such as clathrin, COPI and COPII. (wikipedia.org)

There are many proteins known and rapidly being discovered which closely regulate this vital process, but the muscle - if not always the brains - is in the SNAREs. (yale.edu)
The specificity of vesicle trafficking: coat proteins and SNAREs. (kegg.jp)

This forces the vesicle membrane against the membrane of the target complex (or the outer membrane of the cell) and causes the two membranes to fuse. (wikipedia.org)
Antibiotic treatment altered vesicle dynamics, vesicle-to-membrane affinity, and surface properties of the cell membranes, generally enhancing vesicle transport along the surfaces of bacterial membranes and suggesting that their motion properties could be a signature of antibiotic stress. (wikipedia.org)
Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P 2 ) plays an essential role in neuronal activities through interaction with various proteins involved in signaling at membranes. (jneurosci.org)
However, the distribution pattern of PI(4,5)P 2 and the association with these proteins on the neuronal cell membranes remain elusive. (jneurosci.org)
The BMB2 protein associates with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes, accumulates at plasmodesmata-associated membrane bodies and directs the BMB1 helicase to these structures. (microbiologyresearch.org)
My long-term overall interest is in the cell biology of molecular machines, with a particular interest in understanding how proteins regulate the structure and organization of membranes, both inside and outside the cell. (asbmb.org)

For movement between different compartments within the cell, vesicles rely on the motor proteins myosin, kinesin (primarily anterograde transport) and dynein (primarily retrograde transport). (wikipedia.org)

Actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex activation by nucleation promoting factors (NPFs) such as WASP, plays an important role in many actin-mediated cellular processes. (elifesciences.org)
In yeast, Arp2/3-mediated actin filament assembly drives endocytic membrane invagination and vesicle scission. (elifesciences.org)
Actin is one of the most abundant proteins in yeast, mammalian and other eukaryotic cells. (elifesciences.org)
To achieve this, WASP interacts with several other proteins including WIP and myosin, a motor protein that moves along actin filaments to generate mechanical forces. (elifesciences.org)
However, it was not clear how these proteins work together to trigger actin filaments to assemble at the right place and time. (elifesciences.org)
Agrobacterium-mediated transient co-expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves revealed that green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fused actin-binding domains of Arabidopsis fimbrin (ABD2-GFP) and mouse talin (TAL-GFP) inhibited the subcellular targeting of TGB3 and BMB2 to plasmodesmata-associated bodies, which resulted in TGB3 and BMB2 accumulation in the cytoplasm in association with aberrant ER structures. (microbiologyresearch.org)
A census of actin-associated proteins in humans. (ncbs.res.in)
In its GTP-bound form, Cdc42 binds several effectors that help direct polarized cell growth: repolarizing actin and microtubules, directing polarized exocytosis via this reoriented cytoskeleton and by direct contact with exocytic machinery, and recruiting proteins such as septins that form a boundary restricting the region of cell growth. (rupress.org)

VCS encodes a putative WD-domain containing protein,suggesting a function involving protein-protein interactions. (biologists.com)

Clathrin interactor 1 (CLINT1), also known as EPSIN4, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CLINT1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
If palmitoylation improves the structure and function of vesicles in our studies, drugs or gene therapy targeting palmitoylation may be possible new therapies for PD. (apdaparkinson.org)
The MEGF8 gene provides instructions for making a protein whose function is unclear. (medlineplus.gov)
Almkvist O, Basun H, Wagner SL, Rowe BA, Wahlund LO, Lannfelt L (1997) Cerebrospinal fluid levels of alpha-secretase-cleaved soluble amyloid precursor protein mirror cognition in a Swedish family with Alzheimer disease and a gene mutation. (springer.com)
Alpha-synuclein (aSyn) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the SNCA gene. (standardofcare.com)
The cell-to-cell transport of many plant viruses through plasmodesmata requires viral movement proteins (MPs) encoded by a 'triple gene block' (TGB) and termed TGB1, TGB2 and TGB3. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is a methylcytosine dioxygenase that catalyzes the conversion of methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. (thermofisher.com)
The encoded protein is involved in myelopoiesis, and defects in this gene have been associated with several myeloproliferative disorders. (thermofisher.com)
Artemisinin-resistant parasites contain mutations in the gene encoding the Kelch 13 protein (K13). (elifesciences.org)
Furthermore, the adaptation of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-Associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology has dramatically improved gene editing efficiency at the single gene level. (portlandpress.com)
In 2011, I returned to the UK to work in the Gene Therapy Group at Imperial College London, in the laboratory of Prof Nicholas Mazarakis, where I studied how lentiviral vectors undergo trafficking within motor neurones. (abdn.ac.uk)
Lowe syndrome is caused by an inherited mutation in the OCRL gene, mapped to chromosome Xq 26.1, which encodes the OCRL1 protein. (medscape.com)

This enables a turnover of neuroreceptors or other proteins to be maintained and thus the numbers of receptors can be fine tuned. (wikipedia.org)
PI(4,5)P 2 interacts with various ion channels and receptors to regulate membrane signaling but its nanoscale distribution and association with these proteins remain elusive. (jneurosci.org)
Author's note: SNARE stands for soluble NSF attachment protein receptors, and NSF stands for N-ethlmaleimide sensitive fusion protein. (asbmb.org)
An abundance of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor adaptor protein receptors. (kegg.jp)
On completion of my PhD, I took a postdoctoral position at the University of California, San Francisco, where I continued my training in the laboratory of Prof Mark von Zastrow, a renowned leader in the field of endocytic trafficking in the function of G-protein-coupled receptors, where I investigated the role of Ubiquitin in endosomal trafficking. (abdn.ac.uk)
My research involves investigating the mechanisms by which G-protein-coupled Receptors are regulated to maintain signalling and homeostasis. (abdn.ac.uk)
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), represent the largest family of cell surface receptors and are the prime regulators of many physiological systems. (abdn.ac.uk)
This signalling fidelity of GPCRs is maintained by an elegant series of interactions that firstly prevent signalling and is followed by a regulated trafficking process involving the removal of desensitised receptors from the surface of the cell (internalisation) followed by either recycling to the plasma membrane for repeated signalling (resensitisation) or targeting to the lysosome for destruction and downregulation (Figure 1). (abdn.ac.uk)
For many proteins ubiquitin is critical for controlling the degradation of receptors, but it is unknown what proteins are responsible for controlling this (e.g. the nature of the ubiquitin ligase) The images show a clear requirement for receptor (green) to be ubiquitinated or it remains on the endosome limiting membrane. (abdn.ac.uk)

These docking proteins bring the vesicle in closer to interact with the SNARE Complex found in the target membrane. (wikipedia.org)
The SNARE complex reacts with synaptobrevin found on the vesicle membrane. (wikipedia.org)
We now know that organisms have a large family of SNARE proteins that indeed form cognate partnerships in just this way, and that NSF is an ATPase that (using SNAP as an adaptor protein) disrupts the SNARE complex after fusion is complete so its subunits can be recycled for repeated use. (yale.edu)
Compartmental specificity is encoded to a remarkable degree in the functional partnering of SNARE proteins, a fact which is in no way inconsistent with the emerging contribution of upstream regulatory components (like rabGTPases and tethering complexes) to domain/compartment specificity. (yale.edu)
Extracting sequence motifs and the phylogenetic features of SNARE-dependent membrane traffic. (kegg.jp)

FYVE positive vesicles also accumulated in leaf cells near P. infestans hyphae, indicating that the pathogen may enhance endosomal trafficking during infection. (warwick.ac.uk)
On the other hand, the "exosome vesicle " is an extracellular particle released from the endosomal compartment of most eukaryotic cells. (frontiersin.org)

One reason is that when present in excess, α -synuclein sticks to the outside of vesicles, bubble-like structures that transport cargo throughout the neuron. (apdaparkinson.org)
which moves proteins and other molecules within cells in sac-like structures called vesicles. (medlineplus.gov)
Evolution of protein structures and functions. (wikigenes.org)
TGB3 is a small integral membrane protein that contains subcellular targeting signals and directs both TGB2 and the helicase domain-containing TGB1 protein to plasmodesmata-associated structures. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Moreover, specific proteins important for this process and the cellular structures involved have not been unambiguously identified. (elifesciences.org)
This study evaluated the minimum requirements for the formation of phi6-specific vesicles and the possibility to localize P9-tagged heterologous proteins into such structures in Escherichia coli . (biomedcentral.com)
Our results demonstrate that the phi6 major envelope protein P9 can trigger formation of cytoplasmic membrane structures in E. coli in the absence of any other viral protein. (biomedcentral.com)
Eukaryotic cells have elaborate cell signaling and trafficking systems based on different kinds of vesicle structures and membrane organelles. (biomedcentral.com)
In contrast, vesicles and other inner membrane structures are rare in bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)

WRAP-host-interactor-screens-phytophthora-infestans-RXLR-vesicle-trafficking-Jones-2021.pdf - Published Version - Requires a PDF viewer. (warwick.ac.uk)
2021) Molecular mechanisms of endomembrane trafficking in plants. (oeaw.ac.at)
2021) Principles of mRNA targeting and regulation via the Arabidopsis m6A-binding proteins ECT2 and ECT3. (oeaw.ac.at)
2021) The YTHDF proteins ECT2 and ECT3 bind largely overlapping target sets and influence target mRNA abundance, not alternative polyadenylation. (oeaw.ac.at)
2021) Cdc4 phospho-degrons allow differential regulation of Ame1CENP-U protein stability across the cell cycle. (oeaw.ac.at)
Brodersen P, Arribas-Hernández L, ..., Nodine MD (2021) The Arabidopsis m6A-binding proteins ECT2 and ECT3 bind largely overlapping mRNA target sets and influence target mRNA abundance, not alternative polyadenylation. (oeaw.ac.at)

To determine whether enzymes that add the fat molecule palmitate to proteins (palmitoyltransferases) can correct vesicle trafficking defects caused by α -synuclein in PD. (apdaparkinson.org)
Membrane trafficking defects caused by mutation in OCRL may explain renal tubular defects observed in Lowe syndrome, including the inability of proximal tubular cells (PTC) to reabsorb low-molecular weight (LMW) proteins and other solutes such as phosphorus and bicarbonate from the glomerular filtrate. (medscape.com)

Similar defects in membrane trafficking are caused by the overexpression of PIK1. (embl.de)

Our results demonstrate that SH3 (Src homology 3) domain-PRM (proline-rich motif) interactions involving multivalent linker proteins play central roles in concentrating NPFs at endocytic sites. (elifesciences.org)
After two decades researching protein-protein and protein-membrane interactions involved in membrane trafficking at WUSTL, Hanson recently moved her lab to the University of Michigan Medical School's department of biochemistry - which she now chairs . (asbmb.org)
Specifically, her lab group has been identifying structural motifs in the Vac8 protein that are important for membrane association, protein-protein interactions, and vesicle fusion events occurring during the autophagy of peroxisomes in response to glucose adaptation. (bradley.edu)

Furthermore, dosage-dependent antisense oligonucleotide knock-down of dync1h1 revealed outer segment abnormalities in the absence of overt inner segment polarity and trafficking defects. (nih.gov)
183:1129-1143) provide new insights into how Cdc42 and Par proteins work together to modulate cell adhesion and polarity during embryonic morphogenesis by regulating the traffic of key cell junction proteins. (rupress.org)
Par proteins, like Cdc42, play conserved roles in cell polarity in many contexts, from early embryos to epithelial apical-basal polarity ( Goldstein and Macara, 2007 ). (rupress.org)

When I did the research part of my M.D./Ph.D., I was working on understanding how the protein CaM kinase II potentiates calcium signaling and, through its autophosphorylation, provides cells and especially neuronal synapses with an important "molecular memory. (asbmb.org)

Interestingly, it has been shown that platelets contain a broad spectrum of RNA molecules, including, in addition to mRNAs and miRNAs, also pre-mRNAs and a role of mRNA splicing in regulation of platelet protein synthesis has been proposed 18 , 19 . (nature.com)
There is also traffic in the opposite direction: molecules are transported into the cell from outside, including worn-out or excess receptor and channel proteins from the outside of the cell membrane. (alzforum.org)
The details of how proteins are moved around within a cell are being deciphered with high-powered microscopy combined with sophisticated techniques for labeling individual molecules, including fluorescent or "quantum dot" tags and antibodies tailored to adhere to a protein in a particular state of activation. (alzforum.org)
These painstaking methods are now being applied to investigating how molecules are moved around in neurons and how the proteins that characterize neurodegenerative diseases may disrupt one or more of these mechanisms. (alzforum.org)
The autophagophore membrane then elongates and encloses the molecules to be degraded forming an autophagosome, which occurs in two separate conjugation reactions catalyzed by autophagy-related proteins (ATGs). (hindawi.com)
The inner fluid can contain cargo molecules such as nucleic acids or soluble proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

All these types (1-4) of modes of membrane vesicle trafficking, taking place in eukaryotic cells have been explained diagrammatically. (wikipedia.org)

Both the EGFR and the DAT proteins have sites to which the molecule ubiquitin-best known as labeling a protein for degradation-can attach. (alzforum.org)
After the degradation of damaged proteins and lipids, amino acids and fatty acids are released into the cytoplasm and recycled for new biosynthesis of cellular components or energy production [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

and 3) the molecular basis of diseases that involve spectrin or any of its associated proteins, including contributions of the cortical cytoskeleton to the phenotypic alterations of malignant cells and the molecular pathology of acquired and inherited disorders involving this structure. (yale.edu)

Elucidate the structure, dynamics and functions of intrinsically disordered proteins and protein regions (IDPs/IDRs) and their biological regulation by Post-translational modifications. (upstate.edu)
Alpha-synuclein in solution is considered to be an intrinsically disordered protein, lacking a single stable 3D structure. (standardofcare.com)

Immunohistochemistry: SEC22B Antibody [NB100-91277] - IHC on rat spinal cord using Rabbit antibody to Vesicle-trafficking protein SEC22b (SEC22B, SEC22L1, ERS24): IgG at a concentration of 30 ug/ml. (novusbio.com)

The Enterobacteriaceae in the human gut, can create curli, which are functional amyloid proteins. (standardofcare.com)
The second involves engineering the expression of recombinant GFP-tagged human keratin proteins in Pichia pastoris to provide a genetically modifiable source of the biopolymer for use in the preparation of functional composites carried out by Dr. Haverhals' research group. (bradley.edu)
Bioinformatics analysis of mutations sheds light on the evolution of Dengue NS1 protein with implications in the identification of potential functional and druggable sites. (ncbs.res.in)
In our present view, these areas are found for systems where several types of macromolecules (proteins, polysaccharides or polyelectrolytes) and/or amphiphiles interact to form a functional or destructive unit. (lu.se)

As they leave the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles. (jove.com)

Basic sequence-derived (length, molecular weight, isoelectric point) and experimentally-determined (median abundance, median absolute deviation) protein information. (yeastgenome.org)
Our studies on the erythrocyte focus on a molecular understanding of how specific proteins that cause human disease. (yale.edu)

In prokaryotic, gram-negative bacterial cells, membrane vesicle trafficking is mediated through bacterial outer membrane bounded nano-sized vesicles, called bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). (wikipedia.org)

In the axon terminals alpha-synuclein interacts with phospholipids and proteins. (standardofcare.com)
Alpha-synuclein significantly interacts with tubulin, and that alpha-synuclein may have activity as a potential microtubule-associated protein, like tau. (standardofcare.com)
First, phagophore formation requires cytoplasmic vesicle nucleation, which occurs when the ATG1/ULK1 complex, which is comprised of ULK1, FIP200, ATG13, and ATG101, interacts with the Class III PI3K complex. (hindawi.com)

Vesicles are then moved towards their destination by motor proteins. (wikipedia.org)
One end of the motor proteins attaches to the vesicle while the other end attaches to either microtubules or microfilaments. (wikipedia.org)
The motor proteins then move by hydrolyzing ATP, which propels the vesicle towards its destination. (wikipedia.org)

Plant viral movement proteins: agents for cell-to-cell trafficking of viral genomes. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The cystovirus Pseudomonas phage phi6 has an envelope that harbors five viral membrane proteins and phospholipids derived from the cytoplasmic membrane of its Gram-negative host. (biomedcentral.com)

and vesicle trafficking from the ER to the plasma membrane. (yale.edu)

We further characterized the PexRD12/31 family of RXLR-WY effectors, which associate and colocalize with components of the vesicle trafficking machinery. (warwick.ac.uk)
Much of our current work is focused on a set of proteins known as the ESCRT machinery - in particular, the part of that machinery that's called ESCRT-3. (asbmb.org)

Longin-like folds identified in CHiPS and DUF254 proteins: vesicle trafficking complexes conserved in eukaryotic evolution. (wikigenes.org)

The effects of miR2911 on endogenous E6/E7 mRNA and protein levels were detected in HPV16/18-positive cervical cancer cells by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. (bvsalud.org)
In addition, the endogenous E6/E7 mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased by using miR2911 treatment in HPV16/18-positive cervical cancer cells. (bvsalud.org)

Ultimately, the autophagosome fuses with a lysosome, facilitated by Rab7 and LAMP proteins. (hindawi.com)

Anderson JJ, Holtz G, Baskin PP et al (1999) Reduced cerebrospinal fluid levels of alpha-secretase-cleaved amyloid precursor protein in aged rats: correlation with spatial memory deficits. (springer.com)
Austin SA, Combs CK (2008) Mechanisms of microglial activation by amyloid precursor protein and its proteolytic fragments. (springer.com)
Barger SW, Harmon AD (1997) Microglial activation by Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein and modulation by apolipoprotein E. Nature 388:878-881. (springer.com)

Our recent studies implicate a major and unexpected role for the spectrin skeleton in the pathways of vesicle trafficking and membrane assembly. (yale.edu)

Depending on whether the vesicle fuses with a target complex or the outer membrane, the contents of the vesicle are then released either into the target complex or outside the cell. (wikipedia.org)
Bacterial membrane vesicles dispersion along the cell surface was measured in live Escherichia coli, commensal bacteria common in the human gut. (wikipedia.org)
The Rab23 protein transports vesicles from the cell membrane to their proper location inside the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
Based on its structure, the Megf8 protein may be involved in cell processes such as sticking cells together (cell adhesion) and helping proteins interact with each other. (medlineplus.gov)
The evidence that platelets are capable of de novo protein synthesis in response to stimuli raised the issue of how megakaryocyte-derived mRNAs are regulated in these anucleate cell fragments. (nature.com)
At the Ipsen Foundation's 23rd Colloquium on Alzheimer's Disease, held 28 April 2008 in Paris, the focus shifted from the rogue proteins that characterize these diseases to the regulation of their movements around the cell. (alzforum.org)
During elongation and maturation, the phagophore encapsulates damaged proteins and cell organelles. (hindawi.com)

Involved in regulation of synaptic vesicle priming and synaptic vesicle priming. (nih.gov)

Boyko V , Hu Q , Seemanpillai M , Ashby J , Heinlein M . Validation of microtubule-associated Tobacco mosaic virus RNA movement and involvement of microtubule-aligned particle trafficking. (microbiologyresearch.org)
To demonstrate the flexibility and modular nature of the liposome system, 10 recombinant surface antigens representing distinct influenza virus strains were bound simultaneously to generate a highly multivalent protein particle that with 5 ng individual antigen dosing induced antibodies in mice that specifically recognized the constituent immunogens and conferred protection against heterologous H5N1 influenza virus challenge. (cdc.gov)

Production of the GFP-tagged P9 vesicles required P12, which protected the fusion protein against proteolytic cleavage. (biomedcentral.com)

indicating their potential role as an anchor for these proteins to regulate their localization and dynamics during synaptic transmission. (jneurosci.org)
Consistent with a specific function of Dync1h1 within the outer segment, immunolocalization showed that this protein and other subunits of Dynein1 and Dynactin localized to the ciliary axoneme of the outer segment, in addition to their predicted inner segment localization. (nih.gov)
These observations, combined with protein localization studies, suggest that Dynein1 may have direct and essential functions in photoreceptor outer segments, in addition to inner segment functions. (nih.gov)

In contrast, modification of certain vesicle proteins by the fatty acid palmitate, a process known as palmitoylation, helps promote normal vesicle trafficking. (apdaparkinson.org)

The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is a candidate vaccine antigen that binds angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2), leading to virus entry. (cdc.gov)

During this time, she worked with Dr. William A. Dunn, Jr. on the structure-function relationship of Vac8p, a vacuolar protein involved in the membrane altering steps of regulated autophagy in yeast. (bradley.edu)
In addition, the double mutant (Y42A/L48Q) of the PX domain of Vam7p, reported to cause vacuolar trafficking defects in yeast, has a dramatically decreased level of binding to PtdIns-3-P. These data reveal that the membrane targeting function of the Vam7p PX domain is based on its ability to associate with PtdIns-3-P, analogous to the function of FYVE domains. (embl.de)

Tobacco mosaic virus movement protein functions as a structural microtubule-associated protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)

While the GI tract has been linked to other neurological disorders such autism spectrum disorder, depression, anxiety, and Alzheimer's disease, protein aggregation and/or inflammation in the gut represents synucleinopathies. (standardofcare.com)

Dynein1 is a large minus-end directed, microtubule motor protein complex that has been implicated in multiple, essential cellular processes. (nih.gov)
Her recent research efforts developed out of a collaboration with Dr. William A. Dunn and focus on the role of the Vac8 protein in a cellular recycling process known as autophagy using the yeast Pichia pastoris as the model system. (bradley.edu)
Despite the detailed in vitro characterization of the enzymatic properties of yeast Sac1p, the exact cellular function of this protein has remained obscure. (embl.de)
[ 2 ] and (2) Mehta ZB, Pietka G, Lowe M. The cellular and physiological functions of the Lowe syndrome protein OCRL1. (medscape.com)

For more than four decades, cultures of gram negative microbes revealed the presence of nanoscale membrane vesicles. (wikipedia.org)

As a vesicle nears its intended location, RAB proteins in the vesicle membrane interact with docking proteins at the destination site. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy58

Organisms14

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs114

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes43

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture7

Information Science3

Health Care1

Golgi18

Endocytosis9

Mediate2

Intracellular7

Transport Vesicles1

Signal transduction1

Vesicular4

Synaptic vesicles2

Endosomes1

Clathrin coated v2

Regulates4

Intralumenal vesicles2

Lipid8

Extracellular Vesicles2

COPII1

SNAREs2

Membranes6

Compartments1

Actin8

Putative1

Gene12

Receptors9

SNARE5

Endosomal2

Structures9

20216

Defects caused2

Overexpression1

Interactions3

Polarity3

Neuronal1

Molecules6

Eukaryotic cells1

Degradation2

Cytoskeleton1

Intrinsically disordered2

ERS241

Functional4

Endoplasmic1

Molecular2

Bacterial cells1

Interacts3

Motor proteins3

Viral2

Plasma membrane1

Machinery2

Complexes1

MRNA2

Lysosome1

Amyloid3

Pathways1

Cell7

Regulation1

Particle2

Proteolytic1

Localization3

Contrast1

Receptor1

Vacuolar2

Microtubule-associa1

Aggregation1

Cellular4

Nanoscale1

Interact1