GenesTranscriptionalProteinsEmbryosTranscription factorOrthologsInvertebrateDevelopmentalGenomeEmbryoDorsalMutationsLMX1BGeneticNucleotideNeuralEvolutionaryPathwaysZincTranscriptsPhylogenetic analysisInteractsAntibodyComplementaryDevelopmentCephalopodStudiesAminoExpressionProtein-protein inteSimilarityFunctionNext generationStructureDomains
Genes23
- Determination of the nucleotide sequence for the E. coli K12 Glutamate synthase structural genes. (wikipedia.org)
- Homeobox genes and the analysis of vertebrate development. (wikipedia.org)
- The absence of genomic resources renders the search for paralogous cuttlefish genes dependent upon the presence of highly conserved protein motifs within genes of interest, thus we used a degenerate primer strategy to isolate partial coding sequence from the conserved domains specific to these families. (europa.eu)
- Spatial expression analysis of both genes revealed that Sof-RXR is expressed ubiquitously in all cells of the embryo, including the chondrocytes, whereas Sof-ALDH was expressed only in a sub-set of epithelial cells and no expression at the level of chondrocytes was observed. (europa.eu)
- Many vertebrate homeo box-containing genes have been identified on the basis of their sequence similarity with Drosophila developmental genes. (thermofisher.com)
- These studies provide genetic evidence for an essential function of a homeodomain protein in ß-catenin-mediated induction of the dorsal gastrula organizer and place boz at the top of a hierarchy of zygotic genes specifying the dorsal midline of a vertebrate embryo. (zfin.org)
- We show that expression of Class I and Class II genes is highly conserved in the vertebrate neural tube. (zfin.org)
- C) DAVID clustering analysis shows enrichment for developmental (dev) terms in all Smad2/3-associated genes and for genes that have stable Smad2/3 binding when E2a is depleted (red box in B) but not other subcategories of Smad2/3 binding. (xenbase.org)
- NRL interacts with homeodomain protein CRX and numerous other regulatory factors to control expression of most rod-expressed genes. (nih.gov)
- Expression analysis of several Hox genes in human embryos. (cnr.it)
- Isolation of the murine homologs of the otd and ems homeobox containing genes and analysis of their expression during brain development. (cnr.it)
- Most of these hearing loss genes have been detected using classical genetic methods, typically starting with linkage analysis in large families with hereditary hearing loss. (biomedcentral.com)
- Eighty known hearing loss genes were selected and simultaneously sequenced by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) in 8 Korean families with autosomal dominant non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss. (biomedcentral.com)
- However, there are 54 candidate chromosomal loci at which causative genes have not yet been identified, although classical genetic studies such as linkage analysis have predicted that these loci contain novel hearing loss-associated genes (Hereditary Hearing loss Homepage, http://hereditaryhearingloss.org ). (biomedcentral.com)
- Due to the limitation of the Sanger sequencing method, which is highly expensive and time-consuming, it has been difficult to sequence the hundreds of genes in these candidate chromosomal loci. (biomedcentral.com)
- However, there have been no reports of the detection of pathogenic mutations by screening candidate hearing loss genes in small families without using linkage analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
- Therefore, based on the hypothesis that causative mutations of hearing loss are more likely to exist in known hearing loss associated-genes than in novel genes, we performed exon capture and resequencing using Illumina library generation and Solexa sequencing methods. (biomedcentral.com)
- Thus, vertebrate HB9/MNR2 genes are expressed specifically in somatic motoneurons and are essential for distinguishing motoneuron/interneuron cell types. (jneurosci.org)
- Sequences of previously described binding sites were collected for these five factors present in the cis-regulatory regions of known target genes. (sdbonline.org)
- In vertebrates, the genes encoding the class of transcription factors called homeobox genes are found in clusters named A, B, C, and D on four separate chromosomes. (nih.gov)
- Sequencing studies are identifying CHD candidate genes at a brisk rate including MINK1 , a serine/threonine kinase. (xenbase.org)
- Genes of interest are identified using next-gen high-throughput sequencing and barcode multiplexing is used to reduce experimental cost. (biomedcentral.com)
- Analysis of co-occurring transposons integration sites in single cell clone allows for the identification of genes that might act cooperatively to produce drug resistance a level of information not accessible using RNAi or ORF expression screening approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
Transcriptional1
- As master transcriptional regulators, Hox proteins recognize DNA through the homeodomain (HD) and interact with a multitude of proteins, including general transcription factors and other cofactors. (biomedcentral.com)
Proteins4
- We focus our attention on three families of transcription factors that are known to have roles in vertebrate chondrogenesis: Sox and the Ant- and Prd- class families of the homeodomain proteins. (europa.eu)
- Both predicted proteins are highly conserved with other known homologous sequences, with the exception of two small domains present only in the Sof-RXR. (europa.eu)
- Vertebrate homeobox proteins lim-1, lim-2 (lim-5) and lim3. (embl.de)
- A heterogeneous family of water-soluble structural proteins found in cells of the vertebrate lens. (lookformedical.com)
Embryos7
- A gradient of homeodomain protein in developing forelimbs of Xenopus and mouse embryos. (wikipedia.org)
- Loss of function analysis using Xenopus tropicalis embryos (A) Sequence alignment of MOs and mRNAs. (xenbase.org)
- A lingering question in developmental biology has centered on how transcription factors with widespread distribution in vertebrate embryos can perform tissue-specific functions. (bvsalud.org)
- Isolation and expression analysis both in invertebrate and vertebrate embryos of a new homeobox containing gene named Orthopedia (Otp). (cnr.it)
- Isolation and expression analysis in murine embryos of Dlx5 and Dlx6, two murine homologues of the Drosophila Distal-less gene. (cnr.it)
- Transcriptomic analyses provide an efficient approach to explore the temporal gene expression profiles in embryos and to search for the developmental regulators. (biomedcentral.com)
- The analyses were carried out in unfertilized oocytes, newly fertilized oocytes and embryos at the stages of mid-blastula transition and segmentation. (biomedcentral.com)
Transcription factor4
- Transcription factor codes play an essential role in neuronal specification and axonal guidance in both vertebrate and invertebrate organisms. (biologists.com)
- One such code defined by the homeodomain transcription factor Even-skipped (Eve) and by the GATA 2/3 homologue Grain (Grn) is specifically required for motor axon projection towards dorsal muscles in Drosophila . (biologists.com)
- The forkhead box D3 ( FOXD3 ) gene encodes a forkhead transcription factor that plays an important role in neural crest specification in vertebrates and therefore may be involved in human eye disease. (molvis.org)
- [ 5 ] LMX1B, located at 9q34.1, is an LIM-homeodomain transcription factor required for the normal development of dorsal limb structures, the glomerular basement membrane, the anterior segment of the eye, and dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons. (medscape.com)
Orthologs3
- Accordingly, in ecdysozoan and vertebrate model organisms, orthologs of Pax2/5/8 are among others involved in the formation of the midbrain/hindbrain boundary, the auditory/geosensory organ systems, and the excretory system. (biomedcentral.com)
- The p.Asn173His mutation affects a residue in the forkhead domain that is 100% conserved among vertebrate orthologs and is predicted to participate in protein-protein interactions. (molvis.org)
- Drosophila HB9 differs from its vertebrate orthologs in several ways: it is not expressed in all somatic motoneurons, it is expressed in a subset of interneurons, and it is required for the proper development of both interneurons and motoneurons. (jneurosci.org)
Invertebrate1
- Once considered a unique feature of vertebrate patterning, components of the retinoic acid (RA) signalling pathway, including both RA and the retinoid (RX) class of receptors, have been found within invertebrate genomes. (europa.eu)
Developmental2
- Throughout this paper I will detail the early career of Dr. Nusslein-Volhard and the ways in which her research helped to revolutionize the field of developmental biology as it pertains to embryonic development and gene analysis/function. (wepapers.com)
- Microarray analyses detected a suite of master developmental regulators that control differentiation and maintenance of diverse cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
Genome3
- molecular studies are difficult due to the absence of genome sequence data for any cephalopod. (europa.eu)
- A major challenge in interpreting genome sequences is understanding how the genome encodes the information that specifies when and where a gene will be expressed. (sdbonline.org)
- PWMs are a useful way to represent binding specificities and provide a statistical framework for searching for novel instances of the motif in genome sequences (Berman, 2002). (sdbonline.org)
Embryo2
- Her main work with bicaudal allowed her to publish a paper in 1977, "Genetic analysis of pattern-formation in the embryo of Drosophila melanogaster. (wepapers.com)
- Mink1 regulates canonical Wnt signaling to define the cell fates of the Spemann Organizer and the Left - Right Organizer , a ciliated structure that breaks bilateral symmetry in the vertebrate embryo . (xenbase.org)
Dorsal2
- The dorsal gastrula organizer plays a fundamental role in establishment of the vertebrate axis. (zfin.org)
- Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling helps pattern the vertebrate neural tube, in part by regulating the dorsal/ventral expression of a number of homeodomain containing transcription factors. (zfin.org)
Mutations4
- [ 11 , 12 , 13 ] LMX1B mutations in exons 2-6 can be found via DNA sequencing in 80-85% of patients with nail-patella syndrome, and an additional 5% can be picked up with deletion and duplication analysis. (medscape.com)
- Therefore, it has been nearly impossible to identify the precise pathogenic mutations in affected individuals from small families who cannot be examined either through linkage analysis or standard capillary sequencing analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
- Mutations in the homeodomain of LMX1B versus LIM-A or LIM-B may be associated with proteinuria. (medscape.com)
- Drug resistance can be mediated by further genetic and/or epigenetic changes in the tumor and, with the advent of high throughput sequencing, it is now feasible to systematically survey mutations in tumor genomes from patients following resistance development. (biomedcentral.com)
LMX1B1
- LMX1B sequencing is diagnostic in the majority of patients. (medscape.com)
Genetic4
- If a genetic programme for specifying cartilage cells arose only once during metazoan evolution, elements of a shared molecular fingerprint will be present in both cephalopods and vertebrates, despite their long independent evolutionary history. (europa.eu)
- For a genetic analysis of the inheritance of behavior, the genetic tools were simply not available at that time. (balzan.org)
- However, these classical strategies are not well suited for mutation analysis in smaller families who have insufficient genetic information. (biomedcentral.com)
- Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships. (lookformedical.com)
Nucleotide1
- Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. (lookformedical.com)
Neural1
- During vertebrate development, Shh plays a crucial role in patterning of the limb buds and the neural tube. (silverchair.com)
Evolutionary1
- Using a diverse sampling of species that span the full breadth of vertebrates and display all major visual ecologies, we are embarking on studies of independent evolutionary origins of traits of interest to uncover their (potentially) common molecular underpinnings. (nih.gov)
Pathways2
- In addition we have investigated components of the retinoic acid and hedgehog signalling pathways, both of which have relevant roles in vertebrate chondrogenesis. (europa.eu)
- Furthermore,the absence of Ftm in arthropods underlines the divergence between vertebrate and Drosophila Hh pathways. (silverchair.com)
Zinc2
- We have performed comprehensive analysis of homeodomain and Cys2His2 zinc finger specificities in D. melanogaster - (fruit fly) in collaboration with Michael Brodsky (UMMS-MCCB) & Gary Stormo (Wash. U). We have coupled this data with specificity data from artificial zinc fingers and homeodomains that we have selected using our bacterial one-hybrid system. (umassmed.edu)
- This dataset can also be used to broadly predict the specificity of homeodomains ( http://stormo.wustl.edu/flyhd/ ) and zinc fingers ( http://stormo.wustl.edu/ZFModels/ ). (umassmed.edu)
Transcripts1
- We then extended these sequences in both directions using rapid-amplification of complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (c-DNA) ends (RACE) to obtain full length transcripts, all of which will be deposited in the public database GenBank. (europa.eu)
Phylogenetic analysis1
- Gene identity was determined initially based upon BLAST similarity and confirmed by phylogenetic analysis. (europa.eu)
Interacts2
- Mutational analysis showed that Antp interacts with TBP through their N-terminal polyglutamine-stretches. (biomedcentral.com)
- 2000). "The leucine zipper of NRL interacts with the CRX homeodomain. (en-academic.com)
Antibody2
- The expression systems are developed by cloning in the specific antibody DNA sequences from immunoreactive rabbits. (thermofisher.com)
- Using Western blot analysis, the affinity-purified polyclonal VCY2 antibody gave a single specific band of approximately 14 kDa in size, corresponding to the expected size of VCY2 in all the collected human testicular biopsy specimens with normal spermatogenesis. (bioone.org)
Complementary1
- The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. (lookformedical.com)
Development4
- Data derived from cephalopod studies can be used to compare and contrast known mechanisms underlying the development of analogous vertebrate structures. (europa.eu)
- Relative levels of gene expression throughout development were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and in cases where sufficient specific gene sequence was acquired, ribonucleic acid (RNA) probes were generated to evaluate the spatial expression patterns during the period of organogenesis. (europa.eu)
- Combined expression analysis of Otx, Emx, Dlx and Otp during development and definition of brain segmentary identities. (cnr.it)
- The encoded protein is conserved among vertebrates and is a critical intrinsic regulator of photoceptor development and function. (en-academic.com)
Cephalopod1
Studies2
- On the basis of recent vertebrate studies, the HB9/MNR2 gene family is a prime candidate for a general determinant of somatic motoneuron cell type. (jneurosci.org)
- Findings from such studies can then be used to inform analysis of patient samples and develop therapies to counteract resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
Amino2
- The reverse activity transcribes the ZAR2 mRNA with 966 nt coding sequence which codes for a 321 amino acid protein. (biomedcentral.com)
- Their binding properties depend on the amino acid sequence of the finger domains and of the linker between fingers, as well as on the higher-order structures and the number of fingers. (embl.de)
Expression5
- RA receptor (RAR)-gamma expression is essential for vertebrate chondrocyte differentiation. (europa.eu)
- Here we report the expression and functional analysis of cnd-1 , a C. elegans NeuroD homolog. (biologists.com)
- Expression analysis of the human Hox Complex in teratocarcinoma cells (N-tera2/D1) upon treatment with retinoic acid and the definition of temporal colinearity concept. (cnr.it)
- In the vertebrate CNS, HB9/MNR2 transcription factors are specifically expressed in all somatic motoneurons and are necessary to distinguish motoneurons from interneurons, in part by repressing interneuron-specific gene expression. (jneurosci.org)
- However, the cis-regulatory sequence controlling this posterior expression pattern has not been precisely identified. (sdbonline.org)
Protein-protein inte1
- FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)
Similarity1
- For example, the European cuttlefish, sepia officinalis, possesses cartilage tissues with an unparalleled histological similarity with vertebrate cartilages. (europa.eu)
Function3
- b) Loss- of-function analysis in X. tropicalis. (xenbase.org)
- c) Gain-of-function analysis in X. laevis. (xenbase.org)
- The structure and function of FOXD3 are conserved among vertebrates. (molvis.org)
Next generation2
- We are using state-of-the-art next generation sequencing combined with bioinformatic strategies, and developing stem cell-based approaches for gene therapy and drug discovery. (nih.gov)
- Next-generation sequencing (NGS) can overcome these limitations through its ability to perform parallel sequencing of billions of nucleotides at a low cost and high speed[ 1 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Structure1
- There are many superfamilies of Znf motifs, varying in both sequence and structure. (embl.de)
Domains2
- Within the HIPK family, HIPK1 and HIPK2 are the most closely related members, sharing about 93% sequence identity in their kinase domains, while HIPK3 is slightly less conserved with 87% identity. (nature.com)
- The most divergent member of the family is HIPK4, which shares only 50% sequence identity with the catalytic domains of the three other HIPKs. (nature.com)