Vertebrate embryos. Medical search. Frequent questions

To unravel fundamental genetic mechanisms that control cell fate choice in vivo , we study embryonic development in a simple marine invertebrate, the ascidian Ciona intestinalis , belonging to the vertebrate sister group, the tunicates. (uibk.ac.at)
Tbx20 is a member of the T-box transcription factor family expressed in the forming hearts of vertebrate and invertebrate embryos. (nih.gov)

The group demonstrated that Shh gene expression occurs in the area of the margin of the developing limb bud, called the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA), and in other regions of the chick embryo. (asu.edu)
Chu-Wang, I.W., R.W. Oppenheim (1978) Cell death of motoneurons in the chick embryo spinal cord. (karger.com)
Effects of carbaryl on gonadal development in the chick embryo. (cdc.gov)

In the zebrafish embryos, Ingham's group identified a Dhh gene and the Shh gene as active in the notochord, a structure in chordate embryos, in the floor plate, a structure that in vertebrate embryos develops into the nervous system. (asu.edu)
This review discusses the use of screening assays in vertebrate embryos, specifically focusing upon chicken and zebrafish embryos, for the detection of anti-angiogenic agents. (elsevierpure.com)

Past gastrulation, an embryo continues to develop into a mature multicellular organism by forming structures necessary for life outside of the womb or egg. (wikipedia.org)
Vertebrate embryos develop in the presence of maternally derived steroids. (tam-receptor.com)
What is the most vertebrate way a mermaid's bone structure could develop in an embryo? (stackexchange.com)
How Do Animal Embryos Develop? (teachervision.com)
Whats more, ascidian embryos develop with a fixed cellular lineage based on few and large cells allowing cellular resolution of cell fate identity. (uibk.ac.at)
Researchers have long been interested in how differences between the left and right sides develop in embryos. (riken.jp)
This detection of fluid movement causes the left and right sides of the embryo to develop differently. (riken.jp)
Evolutionary biologists often argue that vertebrate embryos develop in highly similar manners, reflecting their common ancestry. (evolutionnews.org)
Do human embryos replay the evolutionary history of their species as they develop? (answersingenesis.org)
Do developing embryos really replay the evolutionary history of their species as they develop? (answersingenesis.org)
Vertebrates and starfish are both deuterostomes because they share the way their embryos develop a mouth. (don-lindsay-archive.org)

By characterizing the RNA editing landscape in chicken, our results highlight the extent of evolutionary conservation of this phenomenon within vertebrates, attest to its tissue and stage specificity and provide support of the absence of non A-to-I events from the chicken transcriptome. (inra.fr)
Despite the significance of this developmental feat, its evolutionary origins have remained unclear, owing largely to the fact that there has been little comparative (evolutionary) work done on this topic between the jawed vertebrates and cyclostomes-the jawless lampreys and hagfishes. (frontiersin.org)
German zoologist Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919) popularized this idea of a vertebrate embryo going through supposed evolutionary stages with the infamous phrase "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny. (icr.org)
Haeckel produced these artistic drawings, supposedly based on his own specimens 1 of different embryos, claiming that all of them pass through stages reminiscent of their evolutionary ancestors. (answersingenesis.org)

During cleavage, the overall size of the embryo does not change, but the size of individual cells decrease rapidly as they divide to increase the total number of cells. (wikipedia.org)

In Xenopus embryos, enforced expression of Tbx20a, but not Tbx20b, led to induction of mesodermal and endodermal lineage markers as well as cell migration, indicating that the long Tbx20a isoform uniquely bears functional domains that can alter gene expression and developmental behaviour in an in vivo context. (nih.gov)
The embryo of the frog Xenopus laevis is widely used as a model of cell polarization, migration, and morphogenesis due to its unique experimental advantages. (nature.com)

These cells arise within the dorsal ectoderm of all vertebrate embryos and have the developmental potential to form many of the morphological novelties within the vertebrate head. (frontiersin.org)
Embryo is viewed from the dorsal aspect. (frontiersin.org)
Larval equivalent stages of ascidians and vertebrates have resembling structures such as a central notochord (embryonic structure forming the vertebral colomn in vertebrates), a dorsal neural tube and flanking muscles. (uibk.ac.at)
Bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) signaling plays a pivotal role in dorsal-ventral (DV) patterning in vertebrate embryos. (bioone.org)
The early dorsal signal in vertebrate embryos requires endolysosomal membrane trafficking. (xenbase.org)
Simultaneously, on the dorsal side of the embryo, axial and paraxial mesoderm tissues undergo convergent extension which elongates the anterior-posterior axis and aids blastopore closure. (nature.com)

Where researchers once struggled to connect events at static timepoints, imaging tools now offer the ability to visualize the dynamic form and function of molecules, cells, tissues, and whole embryos throughout the entire developmental process. (cshlpress.com)
Further techniques are organized by the level of visualization they provide, from cells to tissues and organs to whole embryos. (cshlpress.com)

Cadmium and lead also produced detectable levels of lethality and/or anomalous development when administered to chick embryos at concentrations of 10 ppb. (uky.edu)
An embryo is an initial stage of development of a multicellular organism. (wikipedia.org)
Once implanted the embryo will continue its development through the next stages of gastrulation, neurulation, and organogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
The development of a zygote into a multicellular embryo proceeds through a series of recognizable stages, often divided into cleavage, blastula, gastrulation, and organogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
In human development, the term fetus is used instead of embryo after the ninth week after conception, whereas in zebrafish, embryonic development is considered finished when a bone called the cleithrum becomes visible. (wikipedia.org)
Asymmetric development of the vertebrate embryo has fascinated embryologists for over a century. (elsevierpure.com)
The vertebrate head is a complex tapestry of morphological features woven together during embryonic development from a varied array of specialized cell types. (frontiersin.org)
We describe shared and derived patterns of neural crest and placode development in these animals and compare them to well-studied examples from traditional jawed vertebrate model systems. (frontiersin.org)
Recording and contextualizing the science of embryos, development, and reproduction. (asu.edu)
Therefore, it's hardly surprising that they are also convinced that bird embryos progress through a stage of dinosaur hip development. (icr.org)
Finally, we propose an elaboration of the Hypothesis on the Dual Origin of the Neocortex in the context of modern studies of pallial patterning that integrates the specification of pallial sectors in development of vertebrate embryos. (springer.com)
How are hematopoietic stem cells born during the development of the vertebrate embryo? (uctv.tv)
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a widespread phenomenon in the development of vertebrates. (karger.com)
According to our findings, apoptosis seems to be the most frequently observed type of PCD, but it is not the exclusive type of morphological cell death during the development of axial structures in human embryos. (karger.com)
For years, the standard method for imaging the development of vertebrate skeletons has been the use of Alizarin Red and Alcian Blue for clearing and staining. (news-medical.net)
1 These techniques have also been applied in the study of whole-embryo skeletal development. (news-medical.net)
The introduction of novel approaches enabling 3D visualization of bone and cartilage presents a groundbreaking opportunity to enhance the understanding of vertebrate development. (news-medical.net)
By transitioning from the traditional 2D approach to 3D imaging, researchers can unlock a new realm of information, leading to a deeper comprehension of the underlying processes that drive vertebrate skeletal development. (news-medical.net)
We propose that Tbx20 plays an integrated role in the ancient myogenic program of the heart, and has been additionally coopted during evolution of vertebrates for endocardial cushion development. (nih.gov)
Classic descriptions of upper limb development and embryology relied solely on detailed descriptions of the gross morphology of the developing embryo. (medscape.com)
However, little is known about its function in vertebrate development. (nature.com)
Furthermore, the course covers the most important processes in early embryo development, such as fertilisation, cell division, establishment of position information, polarity and asymmetries, and formation of body axes and gastrulation as preconditions for extremity development, regeneration and formation of the body's most important organs. (lu.se)

Here, we provide evidence for spatio-temporal regulation of aerobic glycolysis in the posterior region of mouse and chicken embryos. (biorxiv.org)
Genome-Wide Characterization of RNA Editing in Chicken Embryos Reveals Common Features among Vertebrates. (inra.fr)
The number of studies recording RNA editing in other vertebrates like chicken is still limited. (inra.fr)
We chose to use high throughput sequencing technologies to search for RNA editing in chicken, and to extend the knowledge of its conservation among vertebrates. (inra.fr)
As an alternative to the mouse assay incubating quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) and chicken (Gallus gallus domestics) embryos were evaluated. (usda.gov)

Beginning with Aristotle, quickening divided the developmental stages of embryo and fetus. (asu.edu)
Such DNA constructs, when electroporated in fertilised eggs, produce transiently transgenic embryos and allow rapid gene functional and gene regulatory analyses , in precisely identifyable tissue precursors, from earliest embryonic stages in vivo . (uibk.ac.at)

Mammalian embryos transiently exhibit aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), a metabolic adaptation also observed in cancer cells. (biorxiv.org)

Analyses of the hh DNA sequence data led researchers to discover gene homologs, or genetic sequences similar to those in fruit flies but in vertebrates, a result that revealed a high degree of genetic conservation between species. (asu.edu)
There are three classes of vertebrate hh genes: Sonic hedgehog, Indian hedgehog, and Desert hedgehog, with most vertebrate species possessing one member from each gene family. (asu.edu)
Depending on the species, a blastula or blastocyst stage embryo can appear as a ball of cells on top of yolk, or as a hollow sphere of cells surrounding a middle cavity. (wikipedia.org)
Invasive vertebrate species impact our environment, economy and society. (mdpi.com)
The orderly migration of PGCs from their extra-embryonic origin in all vertebrates to the developing gonadal anlagen is essential to insure the future fertility of the species. (cdc.gov)

We describe here an approach for quantification of radiation-induced cell death in vivo using the transparent embryo of the zebrafish, Danio rerio , as a model vertebrate system. (bioone.org)
Efficient functional readout, notably at DNA level in vivo is often complicated by the complexity of regulatory interactions and the complexity of genomes, particularly in vertebrates. (uibk.ac.at)
Novel method for in vivo editing of vertebrate embryos. (ucdavis.edu)
A strong advantage of the zebrafish model is the availability of in vivo imaging techniques, because the embryo is completely transparent and can live for several days without a functional cardiovascular system. (uni-potsdam.de)

Vertebrate embryos are characterized by an elongated antero-posterior (AP) body axis which forms by progressive cell deposition from a posterior growth zone in the embryo. (ecolowood.com)
We suggest that the gradient of arbitrary cell motility downstream of FGF signalling in the PSM settings posterior elongation in the amniote embryo. (ecolowood.com)
Strikingly bilateral deletion from the posterior presomitic mesoderm (PSM) which is situated on both edges from the anterior primitive streak and Hensen's node includes a stronger influence on axis elongation than deletion from the axial constructions of anterior elements of the PSM or from the lateral dish in comparison to non-operated embryos ( (ecolowood.com)
To analyse mobile motions in the posterior PSM the anterior primitive streak and epiblast Macranthoidin B of stage 4-5 HH poultry embryos had been electroporated having a plasmid coding for the nuclear marker H2B GFP as well as the fluorescently tagged descendants were monitored as time passes 14. (ecolowood.com)

Feedback Regulation of Signaling Pathways for Precise Pre-Placodal Ectoderm Formation in Vertebrate Embryos. (bvsalud.org)

Rothbächer, U. (2016): Embryo Microinjection and Electroporation in the Chordate Ciona intestinalis. (uibk.ac.at)

Cilia-driven leftward flow of extracellular fluids occurs in mammalian, fish and amphibian embryos. (elsevierpure.com)
L-type Ca 2+ channels (LTCCs) drive the bulk of voltage-gated Ca 2+ entry in vertebrate inner ear hair cells (HCs) and are essential for mammalian auditory processing. (jneurosci.org)

The hedgehog signaling pathway controls a wide range of developmental processes in the vertebrate embryo, and researchers found that dysfunction in the hedgehog signaling pathway leads to birth defects including extra digits, cyclopia with one eye and no forebrain, and cancers in adults and juveniles. (asu.edu)

This showed that mechanical stimulus of just one cilium can determine left-right asymmetry in embryos. (riken.jp)

The hedgehog gene ( hh ) was observed in fruit flies ( Drosophila melanogaster ) in 1980, and later in vertebrates in 1993. (asu.edu)
They determined that the hh gene encodes a family of hh proteins, which mediate both cell-to-cell interactions and has long-range effects in developing Drosophila embryos. (asu.edu)
In 1993, Clifford Tabin and Andrew P. McMahon in the US and Philip W. Ingham in England published the DNA sequences of related genes, or homologs, to the Drosophila hh gene in several vertebrate families. (asu.edu)
In their 1993 experiment, Tabin's group at the Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts, isolated a vertebrate Sonic hh gene related to the Drosophila hh gene in the developing limbs, or limb buds, of chicks ( Gallus gallus ). (asu.edu)

Shimeld, S.M. (2022): Hmx gene conservation identifies the origin of vertebrate cranial ganglia. (uibk.ac.at)

The role of this particular type of metabolism during vertebrate organogenesis is currently unknown. (biorxiv.org)
In all vertebrate embryos the metabolism of maternal steroids is primarily accomplished by sulfonation [8 14 replaced with glucuronidation after birth [15]. (tam-receptor.com)

The University of California Museum of Paleontology stated, "Embryos do reflect the course of evolution, but that course is far more intricate and quirky than Haeckel claimed. (icr.org)

These results indicate that vertebrate embryos are substantially more sensitive to metallic pollutants than are adult forms, and that they may constitute a valuable tool for monitoring the quality of water resources. (uky.edu)
Some anatomical structures in the developing embryo disappear completely or regress substantially once they serve their developmental purpose, remaining only as scar-like vestiges (literally, "footprints") in the mature human. (answersingenesis.org)

We analyzed the morphological features of dying cells in the developing axial structures of 5 human embryos between 5 and 8 weeks of postovulatory age. (karger.com)

Many visible changes in embryonic structure happen throughout gastrulation as the cells that make up the different germ layers migrate and cause the previously round embryo to fold or invaginate into a cup-like appearance. (wikipedia.org)
By contrast, embryos begin as symmetric bundles of cells. (riken.jp)
Nor is the embryo just a "fertilized egg", or just a "clump of cells", or appear only when the zygote is formed, or appear later after the zygote is formed, or appear after implantation - or even a week after that at 14-days. (lifeissues.net)
In order to break the initial "egg shape" of the embryo, cells need to polarize in a precise and coordinated manner. (nature.com)

We then discuss recent studies on the role of neural crest and placodes-and their developmental association-in the head of lamprey embryos, and how comparisons with jawed vertebrates can provide insights into the causes and consequences of this event in early vertebrate evolution. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we review the evolution of the developmental association of neural crest and placodes from the perspective of the jawless (cyclostome or "agnathan") vertebrate lineage. (frontiersin.org)
Some scientists recently reported that they could allegedly see bird embryos passing through a dinosaur stage, which they interpreted as evidence of evolution. (icr.org)
Countless people have been convinced by the wonders of the developing embryo-falsely portrayed-that evolution must be true. (answersingenesis.org)
These results provide evidence that the evolution of a prolonged physiological association between embryo and mother sets the stage for maladaptive, or adaptive, prenatal stress effects in vertebrates driven by glucocorticoid elevation. (lu.se)

The course covers basic principles in developmental biology and molecular genetics with a special emphasis on developmental biology model systems in vertebrates and invertebrates. (lu.se)

Unlike flies, which have one hh gene, vertebrates have several hh genes. (asu.edu)
Unlike the fly, in which there is only one hh gene, the researchers identified different hh genes in vertebrates. (asu.edu)

Sometimes this is called the pre-embryo a term employed to differentiate from an embryo proper in relation to embryonic stem cell discourses. (wikipedia.org)

At 0.5 ppm mercury and cadmium produced 100% lethality in populations of goldfish embryos treated for four days. (uky.edu)
pink) populations in vertebrates, with some neural crest and placode derivatives listed on either side. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, to understand the origin of the vertebrates is to understand how these cell populations became developmentally and evolutionarily coupled in our earliest vertebrate ancestors. (frontiersin.org)
Clarke, P.G.H. (1984) Identical populations of phagocytes and dying neurons revealed by intravascularly injected horseradish peroxidase, and by endogenous glutaraldehyde-resistant acid phosphatase in the brains of chick embryos. (karger.com)

Satou, Y. (2020): Gata is ubiquitously required for the earliest zygotic gene transcription in the ascidian embryo. (uibk.ac.at)

The majority of zoologists and vertebrate paleontologists believe that birds are actually flying dinosaurs. (icr.org)
JE virus is maintained in an enzootic cycle between mosquitoes and amplifying vertebrate hosts, primarily pigs and wading birds ( 12 , 13 ). (cdc.gov)

A newly developing human is typically referred to as an embryo until the ninth week after conception, when it is then referred to as a fetus. (wikipedia.org)
Quickening, the point at which a pregnant woman can first feel the movements of the growing embryo or fetus, has long been considered a pivotal moment in pregnancy. (asu.edu)

Hiroshi Hamada and Takanobu Katoh of the RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research and co-workers have put this debate to rest by showing that the cilia in mice embryos detect the movement mechanically (Fig. 1). (riken.jp)

Results demonstrate that these embryos are effective vertebrate models to detect the activity of botulinum type A toxin. (usda.gov)
RIKEN biologists have discovered how tiny hairs in embryos detect flowing fluid, which ultimately leads to the left and right sides of the embryo developing differences 1 . (riken.jp)

Evaluation of cell matters on sagital areas (data not demonstrated) from the PSM or fluorescence strength in Hoechst-labeled embryos reveals a cell denseness gradient opposite towards the mobile motility gradient (Supplementary Fig. 1a b). (ecolowood.com)
But it is important to recognize that the "origin story" of the vertebrates cannot be told from the perspective of either cell population alone. (frontiersin.org)
In the present study, zili -MO or zili mRNA was microinjected into one-cell embryos to knock down or elevate the expression of zili to study the role of zili during early zebrafish embryogenesis. (bioone.org)

The upper extremity is first discretely visible as a bulge or limb bud that develops on the ventrolateral wall of the embryo on day 26 (4-mm crown-to-rump length) (see image below). (medscape.com)

For example, evolutionists state that folds in the neck (pharyngeal pouches) of the human embryo correspond to the gills in our fishlike ancestors! (icr.org)
My 400-page doctoral dissertation was titled, A Philosophical and Scientific Analysis of the Nature of the Early Human Embryo (Georgetown University 1991). (lifeissues.net)
And despite the sowing of deep Jesuitical doubts as to when a new human embryo begins to exist by the likes of many researchers, lawyers, theologians, and philosophers, or by the 1973 Roe vs. Wade decision, there really is no doubt or confusion as to when a new human embryo begins to exist -- and hasn't been for over 125 years. (lifeissues.net)
The first to study the human embryo systematically was Wilhelm His, Sr., who established the basis of reconstruction, i.e., the assembling of three-dimensional form from microscopic sections. (lifeissues.net)
In it the human embryo was studied as a whole for the first time. (lifeissues.net)
Franklin P. Mall, who studied under His, established the Carnegie Embryological Collection in Baltimore and was the first person to stage human embryos (in 1914). (lifeissues.net)
Mall's collection soon became the most important repository of human embryos in the world and has ever since served as a "Bureau of Standards" for the science of human embryology. (lifeissues.net)
Mall's successor, George L. Streeter, laid down the basis of the currently used staging system for human embryos (1942-48), which was instituted in 1942 , completed by Ronan O'Rahilly (1973) and revised by O'Rahilly and Fabiola Muller (1987), and updated every 3-5 years by the international nomenclature committee (FIPAT) - to the present (January 2011). (lifeissues.net)
Summed up in the catchy statement, "Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny," recapitulation theory (also known as the biogenetic law ) was popularized by Ernst Haeckel's nineteenth century illustrations comparing animal and human embryos. (answersingenesis.org)

This technique requires mobile intercalation and it is frequently regarded as the system traveling vertebrate axis elongation3. (ecolowood.com)

This review charts the twists and turns on the road to developing gene drives in vertebrates. (mdpi.com)
The realisation of robust gene drive strategies in vertebrate pests has the potential to revolutionise biocontrol. (mdpi.com)

Concentrations of mercury as low as 10 ppb, with continuous treatment, produced a 100% kill of frog embryos and a significant degree of lethality in chick embryos. (uky.edu)

The zebrafish embryo is an excellent vertebrate model to address questions on CCM lesion formation. (uni-potsdam.de)

Tetrapods and fish both have backbones - they're vertebrates . (don-lindsay-archive.org)

Neural crest and placodes are key innovations of the vertebrate clade. (frontiersin.org)

In other multicellular organisms, the word "embryo" can be used more broadly to any early developmental or life cycle stage prior to birth or hatching. (wikipedia.org)
During the neurula stage of all vertebrate embryos (a), the neural crest is located in two places on the neural plate. (asu.edu)
5 If this is true, then another layer of doubt can be added to the idea that all bird embryos transition through an alleged dinosaur stage. (icr.org)

Eggs were sampled by removing the shell from frozen eggs and homogenizing all internal egg components (albumen yolk and embryo). (tam-receptor.com)
Until now, no pterosaur eggs had been found with embryos preserved in three dimensions. (deccanchronicle.com)
There had been a paucity of pterosaur eggs and embryos in the paleontological record because it is difficult for soft-shelled eggs to fossilize. (deccanchronicle.com)

Do Bird Embryos Show Evidence of Evolving from Dinosaurs? (icr.org)

Taken together these findings highlight the dynamic nature of the early endocrine environment in developing vertebrates. (tam-receptor.com)

NCCs migrate differently in different classes of vertebrates (c-f). (asu.edu)

Tiny hairs, or cilia, in a mouse embryo gyrate clockwise, setting up a leftward flow in the surrounding fluid. (riken.jp)
Consequently, calcium signals are only triggered when fluid strikes them in one direction, explaining why only cilia on the left side of an embryo are activated. (riken.jp)

Therefore, a mechanism to define areas precisely and reproducibly in embryos , including feedback regulation of signaling pathways, is necessary. (bvsalud.org)

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