Vertebrate animal cell clone cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

But cloning has allowed scientists to produce a Przewalski's stallion from lost genes-in this case, from four decades ago-creating entirely new bloodlines and returning much-needed genetic variety to the herd. (kxlh.com)
Park director Dashpurev Tserendeleg said he isn't ready to introduce cloned genes to the herd. (kxlh.com)
He has cloned several genes that code for secreted antagonists of growth factors that are used by embryonic cells to form morphogen gradients. (xenopuswelfare.org)
Hox genes encode DNA-binding proteins that determine the differentiation of cells along the antero-posterior body axis, both in fruit flies and vertebrates. (xenopuswelfare.org)
He has performed postdoctoral research at the University of California, San Francisco, where he cloned the human hyaluronidase genes, which are involved in fertilization, embryonic development, and cancer. (howard.edu)
Despite significant advances in understanding nephron segment patterning, many questions remain about the underlying genes and signaling pathways that orchestrate renal progenitor cell fate choices and regulate differentiation. (mdpi.com)
The sea urchin embryo is emerging as an attractive model to study morphogenetic processes such as directed migration of mesenchyme cells and cell sheet invagination, but surprisingly, few of the genes regulating these processes have yet been characterized. (biologists.com)
B.A. Osborne, S.W. Smith, Z.-G. Liu, K.A. McLaughlin, and L.M. Schwartz, Transient Transfection Assays to Examine the Requirement of Putative Cell Death Genes. (nhbs.com)
In animal cap explants Fam132b is induced by Etv2/er71, which is known to activate expression of endothelial and hematopoietic genes in this system.Analysis of hematopoietic and vascular marker gene expression in Etv2/er71 expressing animal cap explants using multiplex Nanostring nCounter analysis revealed that Fam132b can enhance endothelial development at the expense of blood cell lineages. (uni-goettingen.de)
Overall, when she began working in this lab with Wieschaus she discovered new ways of working on recombinant DNA and molecular biology with the focus to clone developmentally interesting genes. (wepapers.com)
Both methods have contributed extensively to our current knowledge on the lineage relation of differentiated cells during embryogenesis, the potential of stem cell populations to generate or re-generate missing cell types, and the cell autonomous or non cell autonomous effects of many genes during development and disease. (uni-heidelberg.de)
1 In particular, morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) have been used to block the expression of targeted genes in several invertebrate and vertebrate models. (cdc.gov)

Avermectins interact with vertebrate and invertebrate GABA receptors and invertebrate glutamate-gated chloride channels. (nih.gov)
Parthenogenesis occurs naturally in many plants, some invertebrate animal species (including nematodes , water fleas, some scorpions , aphids , some mites, some bees , some Phasmida and parasitic wasps) and a few vertebrates (such as some fish , amphibians, reptiles and very rarely birds ). (alchetron.com)
Indeed, the Trichoplax pre-synaptic CaV2 channel, which in vertebrate and invertebrate synapses interacts with pre-synaptic scaffolding proteins Mint1 and RIM, lacks the necessary motifs for these interactions. (utoronto.ca)

In sum, De Robertis has been a pioneer in the remarkable current realization that the molecular mechanisms of antero-posterior and dorsal-ventral patterning are common to all animal embryos. (xenopuswelfare.org)
Mature egg cells are produced by mitotic divisions, and these cells directly develop into embryos. (alchetron.com)
But that's far enough to produce embryonic stem cells that can be harvested for research and medicine - without the ethical quandaries presented by taking stem cells from human embryos discarded in IVF. (chemistryworld.com)
These constructs were overexpressed in the endoderm of Xenopus embryos and protein activity was induced before or after specification of endodermal precursor cells. (uni-goettingen.de)
Expression cloning was used to identify novel regulators of early embryonic patterning.We indentified Fam132b as a factor that induces hyperdorsalization and secondary axis formation in Xenopus embryos. (uni-goettingen.de)
The role of ESRRs during animal development may also be linked to metabolic regulation by which developing embryos meet their high energy demand for growth. (nature.com)
We characterize the activation kinetics of these reagents in vitro and demonstrate their efficacy in zebrafish embryos that express NfsB either ubiquitously or in defined cell populations. (cdc.gov)

However, the Chordin/Tolloid/BMP axis was inverted during evolution between invertebrates and vertebrates. (xenopuswelfare.org)
The use of conserved gene networks during development has channeled the outcomes of evolution by Natural Selection arising from Urbilateria, the last common ancestor of vertebrates and invertebrates. (xenopuswelfare.org)
These observations reveal a conserved role for Eph kinases as determinants of topographic map formation in vertebrates and invertebrates (Dearborn, 2002). (sdbonline.org)
Abl is an essential regulator of cell migration and morphogenesis in both vertebrates and invertebrates. (biologists.com)

Embryonic stem cells capable of contributing to the germline of livestock species such as sheep have not been isolated. (wikipedia.org)
Revive & Restore has partnered with the San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance and ViaGen Pets & Equine to clone a critically endangered Przewalski's horse, the last truly wild horse species on the planet. (kxlh.com)
Once a population of animals is small enough, inbreeding and a lack of genetic diversity can accelerate that population loss, putting the species on an irreversible path to extinction. (kxlh.com)
Scientists at the San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, where the cell line that produced the cloned Przewalski's horse was cryogenically frozen in the 1980s, are now trying to save the genetics of as many species as they can. (kxlh.com)
The Alliance's Frozen Zoo has biobanked the cells of more than 10,000 individual animals representing over 1,200 species, all stored in stainless steel tanks at temperatures of -196 degrees Fahrenheit. (kxlh.com)
A pilot project with Revive & Restore and US Fish and Wildlife is now scaling up a national biobanking project to preserve the cell lines of endangered species like the New Mexico meadow jumping mouse. (kxlh.com)
In addition, orphan receptors similar to mammalian costimulatory receptors such as CD28 upon the T cell have been reported in fish species ( 6 , 7 ). (aai.org)
However, defined identification of APCs has yet to be achieved in lower vertebrates, including fish, due to a lack of basic knowledge of costimulatory ligands in such species. (aai.org)
Elizabeth Ann is a clone who brings much-needed genetic diversity to her endangered species. (snexplores.org)
Sequence analysis and axis duplication assays revealed that Fam132b protein sequence and protein function are only weakly conserved in a comparison ofXenopus and other vertebrate species. (uni-goettingen.de)
Other species of animal schistosomes cause human infection, including schistosomes of birds and small mammals that cannot mature in the human host but die in the skin where they cause dermatitis. (medscape.com)
In vitro studies of the metabolism of atrazine, simazine, and terbutryn in several vertebrate species. (cdc.gov)

To address questions of stem cell diversity during skeletal myogenesis, a Brainbow-like genetic cell lineage tracing method, dubbed Musclebow2, was derived by enhancer trapping in zebrafish. (ox.ac.uk)
In an effort to identify elusive regulators of nephron segmentation, our lab conducted a high-throughput drug screen using a bioactive chemical library and developing zebrafish, which are a conserved vertebrate model and particularly conducive to large-scale screening approaches. (mdpi.com)
This molecule is highly conserved in vertebrates enabling the investigation of its function in the developing zebrafish. (nature.com)
We observed miR-137 expression and activity in sensory neurons including Rohon-Beard neurons and dorsal root ganglia, two neuronal cell types that confer touch-sensitivity in normal zebrafish, suggesting a role of these cell types in the observed phenotype. (nature.com)
The zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) is an attractive and versatile model to gain insight into vertebrate brain development and function. (nature.com)
A complex expression pattern of ESRRs during animal development seems to be consistent with the potential roles for ESRRa during appropriate developmental programs of tissues and organs in mouse and zebrafish 9 . (nature.com)
In this report, we used the zebrafish model to examine the role of esrra in cartilage development during vertebrate embryogenesis. (nature.com)
16 , 17 In particular, transgenic zebrafish lines that express nfsB in β cells, cardiomyocytes, or other cell types have been established, and their exposure to the metronidazole leads to the targeted loss of these cells. (cdc.gov)

To elucidate the structure and properties of this channel, we used Xenopus oocytes for expression cloning of two functional complementary DNAs encoding an avermectin-sensitive glutamate-gated chloride channel. (nih.gov)
Identification of four CCCH zinc finger proteins in Xenopus, including a novel vertebrate protein with four zinc fingers and severely restricted expression. (embl.de)
The Xenopus oocyte possesses a large maternal store of ribosomes, thereby uncoupling early development from the de novo ribosome biosynthesis required for cell growth. (silverchair.com)
In this study, we demonstrate that PPan is expressed maternally as well as in the eye and cranial neural crest cells (NCCs) during early Xenopus laevis development. (silverchair.com)

Early embryogenesis is characterized by a rapid cell cycle with a short G1 phase. (silverchair.com)
In collaboration with mathematicians, we focus on how many stem cells and stem cell types are required to setting up a functional organ during embryogenesis and in an already developed organism. (uni-heidelberg.de)

Smooth Muscle Actin belongs to the actin family of proteins, which are highly conserved proteins that play a role in cell motility, structure and integrity. (thermofisher.com)

that given the right morphogenesis or transcription factor, a cell could be induced to become anything at any point. (lifeissues.net)
We present evidence that FGFA, the first FGF family member characterized in the sea urchin, regulates directed migration of mesenchyme cells, morphogenesis of the skeleton and gastrulation during early development. (biologists.com)
We found that at blastula stages, FGFA and a novel putative FGF receptor are expressed in a pattern that prefigures morphogenesis of the skeletogenic mesoderm and that suggests that FGFA is one of the elusive signals that guide migration of primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs). (biologists.com)

The crucial difference was that in creating Polly and Molly, scientists used cells into which a new gene had been inserted. (wikipedia.org)
The gene chosen was a therapeutic protein to demonstrate the potential of such recombinant DNA technology combined with animal cloning. (wikipedia.org)
These animals were transfected but contained a marker gene not the cloned gene of interest. (wikipedia.org)
In 1984 Edward De Robertis, together with his close colleague the late Walter Gehring, isolated the first vertebrate development-controlling gene, now called Hox-C6. (xenopuswelfare.org)
Gene-environment interactions, sunlight and vitamin D, and T lymphocytes as autoimmune disease initiators and vitamin D targets are discussed to explain the rationale for reviewing vitamin D mechanisms in T cells. (frontiersin.org)
Because of breakthroughs such as the "switching" mechanism of the p53 tumor suppressor gene, as well as many technical innovations, the number of investigators of cell death has rapidly expanded over the last few years. (nhbs.com)
In combination with transgenic organisms, such enzyme-actuated antisense tools will enable gene silencing in specific cell types, including tissues that are not amenable to optical targeting. (cdc.gov)
11 , 12 Light-dependent gene silencing can be achieved through whole-organism irradiation or the targeted illumination of specific cell populations. (cdc.gov)

Animals sexually derived from the fusion of gametes from two different organisms, such as mules, are considered "hybrids. (frontiersin.org)
On the other hand, a chimera is defined as an organism in which cells from two or more different organisms have contributed. (frontiersin.org)

Humans, of course, are highly visual vertebrates and function mostly with their cone systems for color and high acuity form vision. (utah.edu)
The method had already been known to work in other animals, including mice and monkeys, but it had hitherto failed in humans. (chemistryworld.com)
One area of interest are the voltage-gated calcium (CaV) channels, where in humans and most animals, CaV1 channels drive excitation-dependent muscle contraction, CaV2 drive pre-synaptic exocytosis, and CaV3 regulate the electrical properties of excitable cells. (utoronto.ca)
Three stages in the life cycle of T.gondii may invade humans and animals. (peertechzpublications.com)
My lab is interested in understanding stem cells, a fascinating type of cell that can self-renew and is responsible to generate once and again the cells that we humans (and most other animals) lose on daily basis - skin cells, blood cells, intestine cells. (uni-heidelberg.de)
Objective: to examine the influence of rhBMP-2 in bucco- facial grafts, presenting recent research on animals and humans, as well as different approaches to clinical application and the results obtained by the authors. (bvsalud.org)

Embryonic stem cells provide a means to transfer new DNA into the germline. (wikipedia.org)
Modified embryonic stem cells can be selected in vitro before the experiment moves on further for the production of an animal. (wikipedia.org)

In vertebrates, naturally-occurring gonadotropins regulate the growth and function of the gonads, known as testes in males and ovaries in females. (asu.edu)
These observations indicate that fugu B7s regulate T cell responses via receptors upon T cells. (aai.org)

Furthermore, we have discovered a set of acid-activated channels (ASIC-like), previously thought to only exist in chordates and other deuterostome animals, that lack key amino acid determinants and hence evolved this gating capacity independently. (utoronto.ca)
Generation of a Lineage II Powassan Virus (Deer Tick Virus) cDNA Clone: Assessment of Flaviviral Genetic Determinants of Tick and Mosquito Vector Competence. (cdc.gov)

It has long been speculated that the adaptor protein Disabled (Dab), which is a key regulator of neuronal migration in the vertebrate brain, might be a component of this signaling pathway, but this idea has been controversial. (biologists.com)

Thereafter, dermomyotome-derived mpc clones rapidly expand while some progeny undergo terminal differentiation, leading to stochastic clonal drift within the mpc pool. (ox.ac.uk)
Cell growth, cell proliferation and differentiation are tightly regulated and highly interconnected during development. (silverchair.com)
There is an immense functional heterogeneity among stem cell within a population, considering proliferative capacity and differentiation potential. (uni-heidelberg.de)

Initially, all antibodies are of the first form, attached to the surface of a B cell - these are then referred to as B-cell receptors (BCR). (wikipedia.org)
The terms antibody and immunoglobulin are often used interchangeably, [1] though the term 'antibody' is sometimes reserved for the secreted, soluble form, i.e. excluding B-cell receptors. (wikipedia.org)
The fugu B7 molecules bound to activated T cells, indicating that putative B7 receptors were expressed upon T cells. (aai.org)

In mice, there is an additional option for genetic transfer that is not available in other animals. (wikipedia.org)
However, in this case they were transfected with foreign DNA, and the transfected cells which stably integrated this new piece of genetic information were selected. (wikipedia.org)
Cloning technology actually gives us a chance to more intelligently look back and bring genetic vitality back into a population. (kxlh.com)
For cellular life to exist, genetic material must be copied and passed on to newly-divided cells. (xenopuswelfare.org)
Gynogenesis and pseudogamy are closely related phenomena in which a sperm or pollen triggers the development of the egg cell into an embryo but makes no genetic contribution to the embryo. (alchetron.com)
The offspring having all of the mother's genetic material are called full clones and those having only half are called half clones. (alchetron.com)
Multiple sclerosis and T1D have distinct target organs, genetic risk factors, onset ages, and female to male ratios, but target organ-specific T cells as initiators unite these diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Now cloning could boost their genetic diversity. (snexplores.org)
She's a genetic copy of an animal that died decades ago. (snexplores.org)
A second area of interest to us are the Degenerin/ENaC family of sodium channels (DEG/ENaC), which have undergone significant evolutionary change and genetic expansion in distinct animal lineages. (utoronto.ca)
We combine these lines with a living toolkit to study stem cell lineages that relies on the generation of colourful (genetic) mosaics, and we named the toolkit Gaudi after the famous spanish architect. (uni-heidelberg.de)
Historically, lineage analysis in vertebrates was performed on entire populations of cells using either transplantation approaches or genetic tools like Cre/LoxP mediated recombination. (uni-heidelberg.de)

As the aim of such research is to produce an animal that expresses a particular protein in high levels in, for example, its milk, microinjection is a very costly procedure that does not usually produce the desired animal. (wikipedia.org)
The transgene that was inserted in the donor somatic cells was designed to express the human clotting factor IX protein in the milk of sheep. (wikipedia.org)
Closer inspection revealed that infected cells contained very small amounts of coat protein despite an abundance of RNA2. (cnrs.fr)
He discovered Chordin, a protein secreted by dorsal cells that binds Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) growth factors, facilitating their transport to the ventral side of the embryo, where Chordin is digested by the Tolloid protease, releasing BMPs for signaling. (xenopuswelfare.org)
Proteins containing CCCH Znf domains include Znf proteins from eukaryotes involved in cell cycle or growth phase-related regulation, e.g. human TIS11B (butyrate response factor 1), a probable regulatory protein involved in regulating the response to growth factors, and the mouse TTP growth factor-inducible nuclear protein, which has the same function. (embl.de)
Both Golgi impregnation of single rod bipolar cells (Fig. 6) and immunocytochemical staining of rod bipolar cell populations with protein kinase C (PKC) (Fig. 7) show the characteristic morphology of the rod bipolar cell type in mammalian retina (Kolb et al. (utah.edu)
A monocyte chemoattractant protein that has activity towards a broad variety of immune cell types. (lookformedical.com)
L.T. Bemis, F.J. Geske, and R. Strange, Use of the Yeast Two-Hybrid System for Identifying the Cascade of Protein Interactions Resulting in Apoptotic Cell Death. (nhbs.com)

Electron microscopy of the rod bipolar cell axons in the inner plexiform layer shows that they make ribbon synapses only upon amacrine cell profiles (Fig. 8). (utah.edu)
Trichoplax adhaerens is an early-diverging seawater animal that lacks muscle, synapses and a nervous system, and yet is capable of motile behaviors including feeding, phototaxis and chemotaxis. (utoronto.ca)

Polly and Molly (born 1997), two ewes, were the first mammals to have been successfully cloned from an adult somatic cell and to be transgenic animals at the same time. (wikipedia.org)
Prior to the production of Polly and Molly, the only demonstrated way to make a transgenic animal was by microinjection of DNA into the pronuclei of fertilized oocytes (eggs). (wikipedia.org)
The nuclei of these somatic cells was then transferred into an empty oocyte, as in the procedure of nuclear transfer, and this was used to produce several transgenic animals. (wikipedia.org)
We have generated several transgenic lines to explore how neuromasts are created after embryonic development (Development 144, 687-697), which are their cells of origin and which and how they integrate the signals from the environment to trigger organ formation. (uni-heidelberg.de)

No evidence of cell-lineage-based clonal fate diversity was obtained. (ox.ac.uk)
We are tackling functional heterogeneities on somatic stem cells by combining metabolic reporters in vivo with lineage progression. (uni-heidelberg.de)
In this report, a cDNA clone of a flavivirus that is transmitted between ticks and vertebrates (Powassan lineage II, deer tick virus [DTV]) was generated and chimeric viruses between the mosquito/vertebrate flavivirus, West Nile virus (WNV), were constructed. (cdc.gov)

Fugu B7-H1/DC inhibited T cell proliferation concomitant with increasing levels of both IL-10 and IFN-γ expression, whereas both B7-H3 and B7-H4 promoted T cell growth following IL-2 induction and the suppression of IL-10. (aai.org)
A less time-to-event epub neue technologien im gesundheitswesen rahmenbedingungen und akteure is the principal overall post cell which is in implementing that a computational model 0201D successfully provides the Expression between the joint fork article and the copy of the extent. (naturheilpraxis-gisbert-fussek.de)
We first show that fgfA expression is correlated with abnormal migration and patterning of the PMCs following treatments that perturb specification of the ectoderm along the oral-aboral and animal-vegetal axes. (biologists.com)
Taken together, our results indicate for the first time that ESRRa is essential for cartilage development by regulating sox9 expression during vertebrate development. (nature.com)

Planarians contain an abundant and accessible population of somatic adult stem cells called neoblasts [ 18 - 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

P.J. Fraker, L.E. King, D. Lill-Elghanian, and W.G. Telford, Quantification of Apoptotic Events in Pure and Heterogeneous Populations of Cells using the Flow Cytometer. (nhbs.com)
Planarians are flatworms with large populations of stem cells capable of dividing to support adult tissue renewal and regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
We follow stem cell derived lineages in different organs to learn whether fish use the same stem cells to maintain homeostasis replacemente and to drive growth, or if they have dedicated populations for each feature. (uni-heidelberg.de)
We envisioned that enzyme-activatable cMOs could overcome these limitations, as the triggering enzymes could be expressed in individual cell populations using cis regulatory elements. (cdc.gov)

This flow of growth factors determines dorsal (back) to ventral (belly) tissue differentiations in most bilateral animals, such as fruit flies, spiders, early chordates and mammals. (xenopuswelfare.org)
In mammals, professional APCs induce adaptive immunity via the activation of T cells. (aai.org)
In mammals, APCs induce adaptive immunity that in turn activates T cell responses ( 1 ). (aai.org)
In fish, a variety of specific immune responses such as acute allograft rejection indicate that T cells are involved in these immune activities in a similar manner to those of mammals ( 3 ). (aai.org)
Some vertebrates, such as certain lizards, reproduce naturally by parthenogenesis - but not mammals. (chemistryworld.com)
In mammals, Akt is ubiquitously expressed and is associated with regulation of cellular proliferation, metabolism, cell growth and cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
In adult mammals, the number of newly generated cells match the number of lost cells, so they exhibit a fixed organismal size despite of massive stem cell proliferation. (uni-heidelberg.de)

Research on vitamin D regulation of thymocyte selection, Th1 and Th17 cells, T-cell programed cell death, and T-regulatory (Treg) cells is summarized and integrated into model mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
Alpha, beta and gamma actin isoforms have been identified, with alpha actin being a major constituent of the contractile apparatus, while beta and gamma actins are involved in the regulation of cell motility. (thermofisher.com)
The techniques described facilitate both understanding and regulation of cell death, promising to have immense value in the clinical treatment of cancer. (nhbs.com)

The EasySep™ Mouse Epithelial Cell Enrichment Kit II is designed to isolate epithelial cells from freshly dissociated mouse mammary tissues by immunomagnetic negative selection. (stemcell.com)
The neoblasts are the only dividing cells in planarians and constantly proliferate to repair tissues and support systemic cellular turnover [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
and b) how do stem cells in different tissues coordinate their functions for the fish to maintain its shape during permanent growth? (uni-heidelberg.de)

To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology. (frontiersin.org)

Functional disruption of Smed-Akt alters the balance between cell proliferation and cell death leading to systemic impairment of adult tissue renewal. (biomedcentral.com)

We use in the lab the Gaudi toolkit , which is largely based on brainbow constructs (Livet et al , Nature 2007) - a mutually exclusive combination of fluorescent proteins that will be stochastically assigned to each cell and inherited by its progeny. (uni-heidelberg.de)

therefore, we chose this cell line to generate a viral mutant that lacked the ability to produce B2. (cnrs.fr)
To assess whether NHUV might interfere with transmission of other medically important flaviviruses, the ability of NHUV to suppress viral growth of Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue-2 virus (DENV-2) was assessed in Aedes albopictus cells. (cdc.gov)

This is not to be confused with Dolly the Sheep, the first animal to be successfully cloned from an adult somatic cell where there wasn't modification carried out on the adult donor nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
The creation of Polly and Molly built on the somatic nuclear transfer experiments that led to the cloning of Dolly the Sheep. (wikipedia.org)
The production of Dolly the Sheep and also Megan and Morag, the two sheep that led to the production of Dolly, demonstrated that viable sheep can be produced by nuclear transfer from a variety of somatic cell types which have been cultured in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
Polly and Molly represented the further step in which somatic cells were cultured in vitro, just as in the case with the previous sheep. (wikipedia.org)
While eggs chemically triggered to develop don't have what it takes to make a viable embryo, it's a different story if the egg has been given the chromosomes of a cell from a more mature organism, through the technique of somatic-cell nuclear transfer used in cloning. (chemistryworld.com)

It has been known that almost all warm-blooded vertebrates act as the intermediate hosts of T.gondii [8]. (peertechzpublications.com)
The Flavivirus genus comprises a diverse group of viruses that utilize a wide range of vertebrate hosts and arthropod vectors. (cdc.gov)
The genus includes viruses that are transmitted solely by mosquitoes or vertebrate hosts as well as viruses that alternate transmission between mosquitoes or ticks and vertebrates. (cdc.gov)

Carcinogenesis is the development of cancer caused by the actions of certain chemicals, viruses and unknown factors on primarily normal cells. (innvista.com)
Recombinant chimeric viruses rescued from cDNAs were characterized for their capacity to grow in vertebrate and arthropod (mosquito and tick) cells as well as for in vivo vector competence in mosquitoes and ticks. (cdc.gov)

These proteins control tissue differentiations in all bilateral animals. (xenopuswelfare.org)
In adulthood, early-marked mpc clones label stable blocks of tissue comprising a significant fraction of either epaxial or hypaxial somite. (ox.ac.uk)
Small molecules, identified by screening, have been used to switch differentiated cells directly from one tissue type to another - cardiac fibroblasts to muscle, say - both outside and inside the body. (chemistryworld.com)
Thus, Akt signaling regulates neoblast biology and mediates in the distribution of injury-mediated cell death during tissue repair in planarians. (biomedcentral.com)
Nonetheless, there is limited understanding of how Akt signaling controls the response of stem cells during cellular turnover and tissue injury in the complexity of the whole organism. (biomedcentral.com)
The mechanism and function of heterochromatin disruption in FSHD muscular dystrophy is another area of research, in which we perform single cell/nucleus analyses to isolate and characterize a small number of disease-driving cells and are developing 3D and tissue on a chip to measure intrinsic defects of FSHD and CRISPR-engineered mutant myocytes. (uci.edu)
They are tachyzoites (present as clusters or clones in acute infections), bradyzoites (in the form of chronic infections that arise from tissue cysts), and sporozoites (produced during sexual reproduction in the form of oocysts) [4]. (peertechzpublications.com)
1984. Experimental atrazine toxicity: Relation between morphofunctional indexes and the presence of residues in the parenchymal tissue of treated animals. (cdc.gov)

These variants were also present in the passage three PRVABC59 isolate and infectious clone relative to the patient serum PRVABC59 sequence. (cdc.gov)

This was how Chinese scientists in Shanghai recently managed to clone macaque monkeys 3 - the first cloning of primates. (chemistryworld.com)

They require a vertebrate and an intermediate water-dwelling snail host to complete their life cycle. (medscape.com)

Fusion of cells from separate early-marked clones occurs in regions of clone overlap. (ox.ac.uk)

FHV is conveniently propagated in Drosophila melanogaster cells but can also be grown in mammalian cells. (cnrs.fr)
1994). The immunocytochemical staining and confocal microscopy is now the most illustrative way of seeing the rod bipolar cells in mammalian retinas (Cuenca personal communication) (Fig. 7). (utah.edu)
Two amacrine cells are key in the rod pathway circuitry through the mammalian retina (Fig. 10). (utah.edu)
Beside PGC1a/b, ESRRa has been shown to potentiate a metabolic syndrome by acting downstream of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) 7 and also promotes hypoxic adaptation of cancer cells by stabilizing hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1-a) from degradation 8 . (nature.com)

Clonal behaviour of myogenic precursor cells throughout the vertebrate lifespan. (ox.ac.uk)
It is shown that, after initial formation of the primary myotome, at least 15 muscle precursor cells (mpcs) seed each somite, where they proliferate but contribute little to muscle growth prior to hatching. (ox.ac.uk)

This study defined the role of Smed-Akt in abnormal cell proliferation triggered by the abrogation of the phosphatase PTEN, an upstream component of the Akt signaling pathway, which is highly mutated in human cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
Their article, Radiographic assessment of the skeletons of Dolly and other clones finds no abnormal osteoarthritis , has been published in the online Nature Research Open Access journal Scientific Reports . (blogspot.com)

in Molecular Pathology and Toxicology from the University of Leicester, U.K., and his Ph.D. in Cell and Molecular Biology from the University of Debrecen, Hungary. (howard.edu)

After an antigen binds to a BCR, the B cell activates to proliferate and differentiate into either plasma cells , which secrete soluble antibodies with the same paratope, or memory B cells , which survive in the body to enable long-lasting immunity to the antigen. (wikipedia.org)

Roles for Eph receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in the formation of topographic patterns of axonal connectivity have been well established in vertebrate visual systems. (sdbonline.org)
The lack of obvious anatomical or histological pathology in these cells, however, suggested that subtle axonal network defects or a change in synaptic function and neural connectivity might be responsible for the behavioral phenotype rather than a change in the cellular morphology or neuroanatomy. (nature.com)

Fam132b is expressed in the ventral blood islands and later in circulating blood cells. (uni-goettingen.de)

So when I was recently contacted by an earnest and amiable member of a local school board who was concerned about the questionable manner in which the issue of "stem cell" research - both human embryonic and adult - was presented to the high school students in his district in a currently-used science textbook, I agreed to evaluate that section in the text for him. (lifeissues.net)
My edited analysis of the section on "stem cell research" in this science textbook is copied below. (lifeissues.net)
In my opinion there is no question but that the scientific information on stem cell research included in this science text book being used in Illinois schools incorporates some inaccurate scientific facts, and seems to be very partial to the use of human embryonic "stem cell" research. (lifeissues.net)
However, the mechanisms by which Akt signaling regulates stem cell behavior in the complexity of the whole body are poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)
Our findings abrogating Smed-Akt with RNA-interference in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea led to a gradual decrease in stem cell (neoblasts) numbers. (biomedcentral.com)
This organism is well known for its stem cell-based regenerative capability. (biomedcentral.com)
We are particularly interested in learning how organs can adapt to the changing organismal size , with a focus on the molecular mechanisms for stem cell coordination within and among organs. (uni-heidelberg.de)
By using a quantitative 4D analysis on the stem cells we aim at linking the metabolic state of a stem cell to its future clonal progression in its intact niche. (uni-heidelberg.de)

Some animals are even completely nocturnal and have lost some of their cone types and their cone system neurons. (utah.edu)

These tanks have in them the highest concentration of vertebrate biodiversity anywhere in the solar system. (kxlh.com)

In this review, we summarize the history of interspecies chimerism in various animal models to find hints for BC application and describe the challenges and prospects of utilizing BC for human organ generation. (frontiersin.org)
Animal modeling and human mechanistic data are summarized to support the view that vitamin D probably influences thymic negative selection, effector Th1 and Th17 pathogenesis and responsiveness to extrinsic cell death signals, FoxP3 + CD4 + T-regulatory cell and CD4 + T-regulatory cell type 1 (Tr1) cell functions, and a Th1-Tr1 switch. (frontiersin.org)
As an assistant Professor in the Department of Anatomy at Howard University, Dr. Csoka is developing animal models of progeria, studying the role of nuclear lamina dysfunction in human aging, and investigating the potential of induced pluripotent stem cells, cellular reprogramming and epigenetic rejuvenation for the treatment of age-related diseases. (howard.edu)
Human schistosomes can infect other vertebrates and provide an animal reservoir of infection, though this is of epidemiologic significance only for S japonicum and, possibly, S mekongi . (medscape.com)

Using this binding mechanism, an antibody can tag a microbe or an infected cell for attack by other parts of the immune system, or can neutralize it directly (for example, by blocking a part of a virus that is essential for its invasion). (wikipedia.org)

Polly and Molly, like Dolly the Sheep, were cloned at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland. (wikipedia.org)
Another difference from Dolly the Sheep was the source cell type of the nucleus that was transferred. (wikipedia.org)
Now, researchers in the United Kingdom are about to clear Dolly's name and show additional evidence of normal aging in the tribe of university-cloned sheep that followed her. (blogspot.com)
They show that the skeletons, stored in the collections of National Museums of Scotland in Edinburgh , display radiographic OA similar to that observed in naturally-conceived sheep and Nottingham's healthy aged clones. (blogspot.com)
Professor Corr said: "We found that the prevalence and distribution of radiographic-OA was similar to that observed in naturally-conceived sheep, and our healthy aged cloned sheep. (blogspot.com)

Electron microscope investigation of Golgi-impregnated rod bipolar cells first showed that the rod bipolar dendrite penetrates into the rod spherule to make an invaginating ribbon related type of contact (Fig. 4) (Kolb, 1970). (utah.edu)

Dendritic cells (DCs), 4 monocytes/macrophages, and B cells have been identified as major professional APCs ( 1 , 2 ). (aai.org)
MONOCYTES and a variety of other immune cells. (lookformedical.com)

In addition, it has also been shown that smooth muscle actin appear in stress fibers of fibroblastic cells during pathological situations involving contractile phenomena such as wound healing and fibrocontractive diseases. (thermofisher.com)
Reports in 2003 that Dolly, the first animal cloned from adult cells, was suffering from osteoarthritis at the age of 5½ led to considerable scientific concern and media debate over the possibility of early-onset age-related diseases in cloned animals. (blogspot.com)
Their results, published July last year in the academic journal Nature Communications , were in apparent stark contrast to Dolly the Sheep's diagnosis of early onset OA which led to scientific concern and media debate over the possibility of early-onset, age-related diseases in cloned animals. (blogspot.com)

Summary of scientific research Edward De Robertis studies the molecular patterning mechanisms that control the evolution of the animal body plan. (xenopuswelfare.org)
However, though BC is emerging as a potential organ transplant option, challenges regarding organ size scalability, immune system incompatibilities, long-term maintenance, potential evolutionary distance, or unveiled mechanisms between donor and host cells remain. (frontiersin.org)
Finally, unanswered questions relating to vitamin D mechanisms in CD4 + T cells are highlighted to promote further research that may lead to a deeper understanding of autoimmune disease molecular etiology. (frontiersin.org)

This paucity is likely due to the ubiquitous nature of this signaling pathway and the difficulty of analyzing stem cells in their natural environment during physiological cell turnover and regeneration in conventional animal models [ 15 - 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The receptor was proved to be mGluR6 by Numura and coauthors (1994) and Vardi and Morigawa (1997) using immunocytochemistry against the cloned mGluR6 receptor. (utah.edu)
The Abelson non-receptor tyrosine kinase (Abl) family has been implicated in a broad range of biological processes, such as oncogenesis, cell growth, adhesion, migration, neurite extension and growth cone motility (for a review, see Pendergast, 2002 ). (biologists.com)

The EasySep™ procedure involves labeling unwanted non-epithelial cells with biotinylated antibodies and magnetic particles. (stemcell.com)

In animals , parthenogenesis means development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg cell. (alchetron.com)
The offspring produced by apomictic parthenogenesis are full clones of their mother. (alchetron.com)

Despite its importance, the evolutionary process of the T cell activation system via APCs remains poorly understood because of the lack of an effective model organism in lower vertebrates that could allow one to manipulate leukocytes and to use suitable markers for the identification of APCs. (aai.org)
It offers a cross-disciplinary look at cell death using a broad range of technical approaches and model systems. (nhbs.com)
However, more direct evidence using an animal model is necessary to demonstrate the in vivo role of ESRRa in chondrocyte development. (nature.com)
Cell culture propagation of ZIKV could significantly affect animal model development and vaccine efficacy studies. (cdc.gov)

Almost 20 years ago, skeptics and opponents of the cloning of horses and other livestock forecast musculoskeletal calamities and weaknesses. (blogspot.com)
T.gondii presents a major challenge to the livestock industry as it is responsible for the stillbirths, miscarriages, postnatal mortality and fetal malformations of farm animals. (peertechzpublications.com)

Toxoplasma infection in domestic animals is common in China. (peertechzpublications.com)

The bi-stable switch would enable T cells to integrate signals from pathogens, hormones, cell-cell interactions, and soluble mediators and respond in a biologically appropriate manner. (frontiersin.org)

Anatomy48

Organisms43

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