• Thoracic spine fractures, especially those resulting from high energy, can be devastating, often resulting in permanent neurologic injury. (medscape.com)
  • The primary goals of treatment for thoracic spine fractures include protecting the neural elements and preventing deformity and instability. (medscape.com)
  • Relatively few contraindications exist for operative stabilization of unstable thoracic spine fractures. (medscape.com)
  • Patients who are unstable medically with thoracic spine fractures requiring operative intervention should not undergo surgical stabilization. (medscape.com)
  • Operative intervention for thoracic spine fractures is also contraindicated in the presence of an active infection. (medscape.com)
  • A thorough knowledge of thoracic spine anatomy is essential in the treatment of thoracic spine fractures. (medscape.com)
  • The kyphosis of the thoracic spine results in a center of gravity anterior to the apical T7 vertebrae, resulting in compression anteriorly and tension posteriorly in the resting state. (medscape.com)
  • Significantly less flexion capabilities exist in the thoracic spine relative to the cervical and lumbar spine. (medscape.com)
  • Less lateral bending occurs within the thoracic spine as well. (medscape.com)
  • This is largely due to the coronal orientation of the facets in the thoracic spine. (medscape.com)
  • The axial rotation of the lower thoracic spine and thoracolumbar junction is reduced to 2° below T10 because of the transition to facets that are more sagittally oriented than those seen in the lumbar spine. (medscape.com)
  • The spine is made of 33 bones called vertebrae. (pvillage.org)
  • Between the vertebrae there are discs that act as cushions, or shock absorbers for the spine. (pvillage.org)
  • The vertebral bodies act as a support column to hold up the spine. (pvillage.org)
  • Which is longer the thoracic spine or the vertebral column? (pvillage.org)
  • The pedicles are longer and wider than those in the thoracic spine. (pvillage.org)
  • The intervertebral foramen (neural passageways) are relatively large but nerve root compression is more common than in the thoracic spine. (pvillage.org)
  • The section of spine from below the neck to the bottom of the rib cage is called the thoracic spine. (health-local.com)
  • From the side, the thoracic spine appears slightly rounded. (health-local.com)
  • With an excessive kyphosis, the thoracic spine takes on a hunchbacked appearance. (health-local.com)
  • The angle of normal kyphosis in the thoracic spine varies. (health-local.com)
  • The wedge creates a larger bend in the kyphosis of the thoracic spine. (health-local.com)
  • Sometimes, however, it can cause kyphosis in the lower part of the thoracic spine, near the bottom of the rib cage. (health-local.com)
  • Following anterior and posterior planar whole-body acquisitions, multibed SPECT/CT acquisition of the entire cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine as well as the pelvis was performed. (siemens-healthineers.com)
  • Posterior planar static image of the spine shows focal areas of increased uptake in the left lateral L5 vertebrae and left sacroiliac joint. (siemens-healthineers.com)
  • Coronal CT, SPECT, and SPECT/CT views through the lower lumbar spine and sacroiliac joints show hyperintensities on CT related to the spinal fixation screws with focal increase in tracer uptake seen on SPECT and SPECT/CT images corresponding to the left L4/L5 vertebral facet adjacent and medial to the fixation screw. (siemens-healthineers.com)
  • The cervical spine is much more mobile than the thoracic or lumbar regions of the spine. (medscape.com)
  • Unlike the other regions of the spine, the cervical spine has foramina in each vertebra for the arteries supplying blood to the brain. (medscape.com)
  • The vertebrae support most of the weight to the spine. (medscape.com)
  • The human spine is formed by individual vertebrae and connective tissue discs in between. (trinitymedcenter.com)
  • Longitudinal section and cross sections through the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine. (trinitymedcenter.com)
  • In so-called spondylolisthesis one or several vertebral bodies, mostly in the region of the lower lumbar spine, are displaced against each other. (orthopaede.com)
  • The reason for this is wear of the bones between the joints of the spine which connect the adjacent vertebrae of our spine with each other and determine the direction of movement. (orthopaede.com)
  • The precursor stage of spondylolisthesis, known as spondylolysis (crack in the vertebral arch), often occurs with certain sports in which the spine is intensely stretched. (orthopaede.com)
  • In the part of the spine there are areas where the width of the vertebrae more clearly. (vsebolezni.com)
  • The main Component of human skeleton the spine performs the main support function for all systems of the body. (vsebolezni.com)
  • In particular, we are talking about those areas in which there is a connection of joints and ligaments of the spine with ribs, and the joints of the vertebrae, which they form among themselves. (vsebolezni.com)
  • Moreover, there are formed signals to the Central nervous system that control bone and muscle apparatus of the human body, and any irregularities in the spine can have a negative impact on the functioning of all other components. (vsebolezni.com)
  • Thoracic spine Esophagus, Vertebra prominens C7, Thyroid gland. (embodi3d.com)
  • These ligaments connect the laminae of adjacent vertebra along the length of the spine from the level of the second cervical vertebra. (meddic.jp)
  • Spine MRI revealed a mass in the vertebral body from the eighth thoracic vertebra to the first lumbar vertebra. (bvsalud.org)
  • Spine MRI after 4 months showed decreased vertebral body weights and serum PSA levels were ï¼ 0.003 ng/ml after 5 months. (bvsalud.org)
  • We report the first case of a combined bony and soft tissue Chance fracture in the thoracic spine, with late presenting displacement following conservative management. (hindawi.com)
  • Both bony and soft tissue Chance fractures of the lumbar spine have been reported, as well as bony Chance fractures in the thoracic spine. (hindawi.com)
  • Both bony and soft tissue Chance fractures of the lumbar spine have been widely reported, and there have also been reports of bony Chance fractures in the thoracic spine [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • We report a case of combined bony and soft tissue Chance fracture in the thoracic spine, which, to the authors' knowledge, is the first such report in the literature. (hindawi.com)
  • MRI of the thoracic spine on presentation to the ED, showing rupture of the ligamentum flavum at T7/8 and a hyperintense signal in the intervertebral disc at T8/9. (hindawi.com)
  • Anteroposterior (AP) and lateral x-rays of the thoracic spine were taken to demonstrate the alignment of the vertebrae. (hindawi.com)
  • At the first follow-up appointment lateral X-ray of the thoracic spine showed no displacement of the vertebrae, and fortnightly follow-up was arranged thereafter. (hindawi.com)
  • CTPA was negative for PE and also demonstrated that there continued to be no displacement of the thoracic spine. (hindawi.com)
  • However, at ten weeks following initial presentation, the patient complained of increased thoracic back pain, and lateral X-ray of the thoracic spine suggested displacement of the vertebra at the fracture site. (hindawi.com)
  • This suggests that the occurrence of inter-vertebral disc herniation may be influenced by a particular vertebral shape that is more susceptible to the stress placed on the spine during bipedalism. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Compression fracture of the spine is a type of bone fracture that occurs in the spinal bones called as vertebrae. (your-neurologist.com)
  • Although it can occur in any vertebra of the spine but it is more frequently seen with the lower thoracic especially the T11 & T12 vertebrae. (your-neurologist.com)
  • Fractures in the spine may include the vertebral body and its attachments such as the facet joints, pars articularis, lamina and spinous process. (dallasneurosurgical.com)
  • In this course, students will learn more about the diagnosis of the thoracic spine regions. (lecturio.com)
  • The human spine, or vertebral column, is the most important anatomical and functional axis of the human body. (lecturio.com)
  • Vertebrae are interconnected by facet joints that allow mobility in the spine. (3dheals.com)
  • Figure 1-4] Artificial Intelligent technology is applied in this system to construct the spine 3D CAD model, furthermore, segment the selected vertebrae, and provide the optimal screw trajectory suggestion. (3dheals.com)
  • 23 ] Symptomatic spinal cord compression occurs more frequently in the thoracic spine, related to the higher number of vertebrae and the small canal diameter. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • For patient education resources, see Vertebral Compression Fracture . (medscape.com)
  • Routine X-ray of the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae shows bilateral spinal stabilization rod and screws without any clear evidence of displacement or fracture. (siemens-healthineers.com)
  • Sagittal CT thin-MIP views show the right vertical stabilization rod and defines a fracture of the rod at the mid-vertebral body level of L4 (arrow) without significant displacement. (siemens-healthineers.com)
  • Sagittal CT and SPECT/CT images at the level of the right vertical stabilization rod show a fracture of the rod at the level of the mid-vertebral body of the L4 vertebrae (arrow), which does not show significant hypermetabolism in the adjacent bone reflecting the absence of significant displacement or related instability. (siemens-healthineers.com)
  • Volume rendering of the CT with zoomed visualization of the spinal vertical stabilization rods shows the fracture of the right vertical rod (arrow) at the mid-L4 vertebral level. (siemens-healthineers.com)
  • Type III Fracture extends into the C2 vertebral body and may involve the C1-C2 joint. (trinitymedcenter.com)
  • A bone fracture (abbreviated FRX or Fx , F x , or # ) is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of any bone in the body. (wikipedia.org)
  • They consist of disruption and longitudinal separation of the posterior elements of the vertebra, with the fracture extending through the pedicles and into the vertebral body. (hindawi.com)
  • First described by Chance in 1948 [ 2 ], bony Chance fractures consist of disruption and longitudinal separation of the posterior elements of the vertebra, with the fracture extending through the pedicles and into the vertebral body [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • When the vertebra develops fracture the bony fragments may collapse into the vertebral body itself or get displaced into the adjacent regions like epidural space for example. (your-neurologist.com)
  • Metastatic spinal tumors (cancers) when lodge in the vertebra they erode the bone, make it weaker and susceptible to fracture. (your-neurologist.com)
  • The most common horse vertebral issues seen over a decade at one diagnostic lab were wobbler syndrome, fracture/subluxation, and abnormal spinal curvature. (thehorse.com)
  • Distribution of diseases included equine cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy (n=224), fracture/subluxation (n=123), abnormal spinal curvature (n=51), osteomyelitis (n=13), intervertebral disc disease (n=7), congenital vertebral anomaly (n=5), and neoplasia (n=3). (thehorse.com)
  • Neurologic signs occasionally result from compression radiculitis or sciatica, vertebral fracture or subluxation, or cauda equina syndrome. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Isolated fracture of a single thoracic or lumbar vertebra, classified as type A2 or A3 according to the AOSpine classification. (who.int)
  • Experts including Dr Andrade concede that direct ECT is associated with risk of vertebral / thoracic fractures, dislocation of various joints, muscle or ligament tears, cardiac arrhythmias, fluid secretion into respiratory tract, internal tears, injuries and blood letting - besides fear and anxiety. (indiatogether.org)
  • Fractures of the odontoid process of the 2nd cervical vertebrae most frequently due to trauma. (trinitymedcenter.com)
  • Osteoporosis causes thinning and makes the bone weak so that even trivial traumas can precipitate bone fractures including that of the vertebrae. (your-neurologist.com)
  • History of fractures of the pelvis, lower limbs, or vertebral bodies. (who.int)
  • The anterior portion of the epidural space is formed by the posterior longitudinal ligament, which covers the posterior part of the vertebral body and the intravertebral disk. (medscape.com)
  • The posterior part of a vertebra forms a vertebral arch , in eleven parts, consisting of two pedicles , two laminae, and seven processes. (meddic.jp)
  • Every vertebra has a body , which consists of a large anterior middle portion called the centrum and a posterior vertebral arch , also called a neural arch. (meddic.jp)
  • From each pedicle a broad plate, a lamina , projects backwards and medialwards to join and complete the vertebral arch and form the posterior border of the vertebral foramen, which completes the triangle of the vertebral foramen. (meddic.jp)
  • The facets provide stability to the posterior portion of adjacent vertebrae. (trea.com)
  • anteriorly: anatomically defined as the posterior pericardium 8 although other definitions describe the anterior border 1 cm posterior to anterior margin of thoracic vertebral bodies 5. (seitenwert.eu)
  • posteriorly: posterior margin of chest wall, along the transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae. (seitenwert.eu)
  • Laterally, the epidural space is formed by the pedicles of the vertebrae and the intravertebral foramen. (medscape.com)
  • On the arc are the tenderloin (lower and upper) constituting the articulation between adjacent vertebrae of the intervertebral foramen. (vsebolezni.com)
  • The body of the vertebra and the vertebral arch form the vertebral foramen , the larger, central opening that accommodates the spinal canal, which encloses and protects the spinal cord. (meddic.jp)
  • In Scheuermann's disease, the front of the vertebral Healthy Body becomes wedge-shaped, possibly from abnormal growth. (health-local.com)
  • A long ligament called the anterior longitudinal ligament connects on the front of the vertebral bodies. (health-local.com)
  • The abdominal aorta (Fig. 531) begins at the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm, in front of the lower border of the body of the last thoracic vertebra, and, descending in front of the vertebral column, ends on the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra, commonly a little to the left of the middle line, (* 103 by dividing into the two common iliac arteries. (theodora.com)
  • Axial CT thin-MIP and SPECT/CT views at the level of L4 vertebrae show sclerosis adjacent and medial to the left fixation screw (arrow) that attaches the left vertical stabilization rod to the L4 vertebral body through the lamina. (siemens-healthineers.com)
  • Each vertebra of a person, which is part of the vertebral column, has a hollow hole, in conjunction with the adjacent elements creating a channel protecting located inside the spinal cord from any effects. (vsebolezni.com)
  • Although other tumors may have a similar clinical presentation because of their location at the thoracic inlet, the most common cause is believed to be a bronchogenic carcinoma arising in or near the superior sulcus and invading adjacent extrathoracic structures by direct extension. (medscape.com)
  • Adjacent ribs and vertebrae. (medscape.com)
  • When the vertebrae articulate the notches align with those on adjacent vertebrae and these form the openings of the intervertebral foramina. (meddic.jp)
  • Spinal discs between the endplates of adjacent vertebrae in a spinal column of the human body provide critical support. (trea.com)
  • However, due to injury, degradation, disease or the like, these discs can rupture, degenerate, and/or protrude to such a degree that the intervertebral space between adjacent vertebrae collapses as the disc loses at least a part of its support function. (trea.com)
  • Some surgical corrections include the removal of the natural spinal disc from between the adjacent vertebrae. (trea.com)
  • In order to preserve the intervertebral disc space for proper spinal column function, an interbody spacer can be inserted between the adjacent vertebrae. (trea.com)
  • Typically, a prosthetic implant is inserted between the adjacent vertebrae and may include pathways that permit bone growth between the adjacent vertebrae until they are fused together. (trea.com)
  • The procedure involves roughening the bone between two adjacent vertebrae and then placing bone graft between them. (3dheals.com)
  • The vertebral attachment can be found just below the neck at the first thoracic vertebra, and the majority of this bone can be found above the level of the clavicle. (wikipedia.org)
  • The main section of each thoracic vertebra is a round block of bone, called the vertebral Healthy Body. (health-local.com)
  • A ring of bone attaches to the back of the vertebral Healthy Body. (health-local.com)
  • During normal growth, the cartilage around the vertebral Healthy Body develops evenly and completely into bone. (health-local.com)
  • If the change from cartilage to bone doesn't happen evenly, one side of the vertebral Healthy Body grows at a faster rate. (health-local.com)
  • By the time the entire vertebral Healthy Body turns to bone, one side is taller than the other. (health-local.com)
  • It consists of the condyles of the occipital bone and the upper joint surfaces of the 1st cervical vertebra. (trinitymedcenter.com)
  • The Vertebral column usually consists of 32 to 34 individual vertebrae, between which are the intervertebral discs, prevents bone friction and premature wear. (vsebolezni.com)
  • In particular, the cervical vertebrae of a man found in the composition of the vertebral column 7 again differs from the others by the presence of additional holes in the bone transversely extending ridges. (vsebolezni.com)
  • Bones vary widely in size, ranging from the tiny inner ear bones that are responsible for transmitting mechanical sound waves to the sensory organs to the large (nearly 2 ft long) femur bone that is strong enough to withstand 30 times one's body weight. (medscape.com)
  • The only bones that lack a true cortex are the vertebrae, which are covered by a compact condensation of trabecular bone. (medscape.com)
  • In the vertebrate spinal column, each vertebra is an irregular bone with a complex structure composed of bone and some hyaline cartilage, the proportions of which vary according to the segment of the backbone and the species of vertebrate animal. (meddic.jp)
  • [ 2 ] The body is composed of cancellous bone, which is the spongy type of osseous tissue, whose micro-anatomy has been specifically studied within the pedicle bones. (meddic.jp)
  • The vertebral arch and processes have thicker coverings of cortical bone. (meddic.jp)
  • The endplates are formed from a thickened layer of the cancellous bone of the vertebral body, the top layer being more dense. (meddic.jp)
  • The vertebral bodies and lamina are connected by a bone bridge called the pedicle. (trea.com)
  • Due to the concave nature of the vertebral body endplates, it can be challenging to obtain enough contact between the implant and the endplates to create bone growth. (trea.com)
  • The basic idea of spinal fusion is to fuse together two or more vertebrae so that they fuse into a single, solid bone. (3dheals.com)
  • The bone structure plays a crucial role in giving shape and strength to our body. (edudwar.com)
  • The bone or skeletal system provides the basic frame of our body. (edudwar.com)
  • The complete bone structure of an adult human body can be divided into two broad categories. (edudwar.com)
  • The smallest bone in the human body is called the stapes. (edudwar.com)
  • Vertebral bone density at the injury level less than 100 HU or osteoporosis exceeding grade 3 in vertebral bodies, pelvic bones, and limbs. (who.int)
  • The last bone in the VERTEBRAL COLUMN in tailless primates considered to be a vestigial tail-bone consisting of three to five fused VERTEBRAE. (bvsalud.org)
  • C3 -4 cervical vertebrae) or the body of the hyoid bone (C3) [1]. (who.int)
  • 15%) at the tip of the greater horn of ogy Clinic and was then referred to Discussion the hyoid bone (C2), and four (6%) at the Radiology Department for further the body of the thyroid cartilage (C5). (who.int)
  • They found bifurcation at Asian, so the level of bifurcation of the lung cupola, lymphatic ducts or blood the level of the body of the hyoid bone CCA was expected to be at C3-C4, simi- vessels at the root of the lungs, or the in 40% of cases, and the level of the lar to that in Japanese patients. (who.int)
  • These nerves are divided into 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal nerve (Figure 3.2). (pvillage.org)
  • The lumbar and sacral divisions consist of 5 vertebrae, and coccygeal parts is from 3 to 5 vertebrae. (vsebolezni.com)
  • there are seven in the cervical region, twelve in the thoracic, five in the lumbar, five in the sacral, and four in the coccygeal. (bartleby.com)
  • Age-related degenerative changes of the intervertebral discs can also cause displacement of the vertebrae, even without spondylolysis. (orthopaede.com)
  • These articulate with the superior and inferior costal facets on the connecting vertebrae. (wikipedia.org)
  • The fused vertebrae make up the inferior portion of the spinal column and include the 5 sacral and 4 coccyx vertebrae. (pvillage.org)
  • Above and below the pedicles are shallow depressions called vertebral notches ( superior and inferior ). (meddic.jp)
  • The CCA is close to many vital structures in the neck, including the trachea, oesophagus, inferior thyroid and vertebral arteries, and recurrent la- ryngeal nerves. (who.int)
  • Low bifurcation of the CCA the inferior part of the body of C3. (who.int)
  • The vertebral bodies are wedge-shaped, being larger posteriorly than anteriorly. (medscape.com)
  • Posteriorly, it is separated from the lumbar vertebræ and intervertebral fibrocartilages by the anterior longitudinal ligament and left lumbar veins. (theodora.com)
  • Posteriorly, the epidural space is formed by the anterior lateral surface of the vertebral lamina and the ligamentum flavum. (medscape.com)
  • The thoracic kyphosis (outward curve) gives the mid back its slightly rounded appearance. (health-local.com)
  • Scheuermann's disease causes the thoracic kyphosis to angle too far (more than 45 degrees). (health-local.com)
  • affects the thoracic vertebral bodies causing wedge-shaped vertebrae, and so increased kyphosis, poor posture and backache. (patient.info)
  • The patient was discharged with paracetamol and dihydrocodeine PRN for analgesia, with follow-up planned one week later to monitor progression of the thoracic kyphosis. (hindawi.com)
  • Application of radiation to produce a film or picture of a part of the body that can show the structure and alignment of the vertebrae and the outline of the joints. (dallasneurosurgical.com)
  • There are vertebral notches formed from the shape of the pedicles, which form the intervertebral foramina when the vertebrae articulate. (meddic.jp)
  • The vertebral arch is formed by pedicles and laminae. (meddic.jp)
  • Two pedicles extend from the sides of the vertebral body to join the body to the arch. (meddic.jp)
  • Excessive strain first forms a crack, medically known as spondylolysis , in the vertebral arch at the back of the vertebral body, through which the spinal cord also runs. (orthopaede.com)
  • The tumor may invade the bony structures of the chest, including the first or second thoracic vertebra or the first, second, or third rib. (medscape.com)
  • In the human body, the vertebral column is a complex bony and vital structure. (alcammedical.com)
  • And then rods and screws are then placed to create an "internal cast" that support the vertebrae, holding it together until the fusion, or bony regrowth can occur [3]. (3dheals.com)
  • Anatomy of the human body and determines the location of individual vertebrae in the composition of the vertebral column. (vsebolezni.com)
  • Anatomy of the Human Body. (bartleby.com)
  • The crest gives attachment to the intra-articulate ligament that joins the rib to the vertebra of the same number, at the intervertebral disc. (wikipedia.org)
  • Another ligament, the radiate ligament joins the head of the rib to both the body of the upper vertebra and to the body of the lower vertebra. (wikipedia.org)
  • The superior costotransverse ligament attaches from the non-articular facet of the tubercle to the transverse process of the vertebra. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ascending aorta, Thoracic spinal cord, Anterior longitudinal ligament. (embodi3d.com)
  • The vertebrae are 26 individual, interlocking bones that form the spinal column and contains three main functional components: the vertebral body for load-bearing, the vertebral arch to protect the spinal cord, and transverse processes for ligament attachment [1]. (3dheals.com)
  • Findings case 2: there is moderate scoliosis and sclerotic vertebras are visible through the mediastinal shadow (A, arrows). (myesr.org)
  • In case two there is right thoracic scoliosis and asymmetry of the mammary shadows, smaller on the left. (myesr.org)
  • In case two there is a scoliosis with right dorsal convexity and there is an increased density in some dorsal vertebral bodies. (myesr.org)
  • Neurons from brain-stem nuclei, or from the lateral horn of the sacral spinal cord, project to terminal ganglia near or within the various organs of the body. (usk.ac.id)
  • We found that pathological human vertebrae share more similarities in shape to chimpanzee vertebrae than healthy humans do. (elsevierpure.com)
  • of the second vertebra has its own name, it is referred to as axial for the presence of a peculiar appendage of the tooth, which provides the rotation of the head. (vsebolezni.com)
  • The tumor can also invade the first or second thoracic vertebral bodies or intervertebral foramina. (medscape.com)
  • The neck (cervical) and low back (lumbar) regions have a slight concave curve, and the thoracic and sacral regions have a gentle convex curve (Fig. 1). (pvillage.org)
  • At the front of the body, most of the ribs are joined by costal cartilage to the sternum. (wikipedia.org)
  • They are attached to the vertebrae only, and not to the sternum or cartilage coming off of the sternum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Famed for discovering this disease, Scheuermann himself thought a lack of blood to the cartilage around the vertebral Healthy Body caused the wedging. (health-local.com)
  • Most of them are cartilage which later fuse together and form a body structure with 206 bones. (edudwar.com)
  • Superior articular process vertebra Th. (stanford.edu)
  • Pancoast syndrome (Pancoast's syndrome) typically results when a malignant neoplasm of the superior sulcus of the lung leads to destructive lesions of the thoracic inlet and involvement of the brachial plexus and cervical sympathetic nerves (stellate ganglion). (medscape.com)
  • The articular facet, is small and oval and is the lower and more medial of the two, and connects to the transverse costal facet on the thoracic vertebra of the same rib number. (wikipedia.org)
  • The transverse costal facet is on the end of the transverse process of the lower of the two vertebrae to which the head is connected. (wikipedia.org)
  • The rib cage is separated from the lower abdomen by the thoracic diaphragm which controls breathing. (wikipedia.org)
  • This happens through one of two actions (or a mix of the two): when the lower ribs the diaphragm connects to are stabilized by muscles and the central tendon is mobile, when the muscle contracts the central tendon is drawn down, compressing the cavity underneath and expanding the thoracic cavity downward. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the central tendon is stabilized and the lower ribs are mobile, a contraction of the diaphragm elevates the ribs, which works in conjunction with other muscles to expand the thoracic indent upward. (wikipedia.org)
  • Minor degenerative changes are also visualized in the lower thoracic vertebrae. (siemens-healthineers.com)
  • Lower thoracic vertebrae also show focal hypermetabolism at the laminar levels. (siemens-healthineers.com)
  • The lower thoracic and lumbar fixation screws show normal tracer uptake. (siemens-healthineers.com)
  • The upper vertebral body slips forward on top of the lower one (in the direction of the stomach). (orthopaede.com)
  • I also think there is osteosclerosis of two lower thoracic vertebrae, and texture heterogeneity of two middle vertebral bodies (mets? (myesr.org)
  • The upper and lower surfaces of the vertebra body give attachment to the intervertebral discs. (meddic.jp)
  • When there are injuries to some of the vertebrae, they greatly limit mobility and dexterity, which has been causing, over the years, early retirement, lower levels of well-being, and less capacity for social interaction. (alcammedical.com)
  • A spinal implant has a proximal region and a distal region, and includes an upper body and a lower body each having inner surfaces disposed in opposed relation relative to each other. (trea.com)
  • A proximal adjustment assembly is disposed between the upper and lower bodies at the proximal region of the spinal implant and is adjustably coupled to the upper and lower bodies, and a distal adjustment assembly is disposed between the upper and lower bodies at the distal region of the spinal implant and is adjustably coupled to the upper and lower bodies. (trea.com)
  • The cylindrical shaped bones, called vertebral bodies, progressively increase in size from the upper portion downwards to the lower portion. (trea.com)
  • The vertebral column is the foundation for the trunk, provides an attachment for muscles and ligaments, and protects the spinal cord and nerve roots. (lecturio.com)
  • The foramina allow the entry and exit of the spinal nerves from each vertebra, together with associated blood vessels. (meddic.jp)
  • In total there are 30 dermatomes that relay sensation from a particular region of the skin to the brain - 8 cervical nerves (note C1 has no corresponding dermatomal area), 12 thoracic nerves, 5 lumbar nerves and 5 sacral nerves. (elispot.biz)
  • The spinal column is a complex system of bones and connective tissues that provide support for the human body and protection for the spinal cord and nerves. (trea.com)
  • The little joints that link the vertebrae together are known as facet joints. (trinitymedcenter.com)
  • A diagnostic test that produces three-dimensional images of body structures using powerful magnets and computer technology and can show the spinal cord, nerve roots and surrounding areas as well as enlargement, degeneration and tumors. (dallasneurosurgical.com)
  • It is possible for the disease to have genetic factors, accelerated growth, posture of the body. (trinitymedcenter.com)
  • The size of vertebrae varies according to placement, spinal loading, posture and pathology. (meddic.jp)
  • the large part is the body , and the central part is the centrum . (meddic.jp)
  • Sometimes in patients with Scheuermann's disease the material inside one or more of the discs squeezes through the vertebral end plate (which is often weaker in patients with Scheuermann's disease). (health-local.com)
  • The intervertebral discs are the link between the individual vertebral bodies. (trinitymedcenter.com)
  • Whether conservative treatment or an operation is recommended, not only the cause, type and severity of the spondylolisthesis and the symptoms are taken into consideration but also the age of the patient (a possible degenerative form of spondylolisthesis), physical activity, the condition of the intervertebral discs and the vertebral body bordering them. (orthopaede.com)
  • The density of the connections between the vertebrae and discs is such that to separate them, without any mechanical effort, it is not possible. (vsebolezni.com)
  • These surfaces are the vertebral endplates which are in direct contact with the intervertebral discs and form the joint. (meddic.jp)
  • The spinal pathology we focused on was Schmorl's nodes, which are depressions on the vertebral body resulting from vertical herniation of the intervertebral disc. (elsevierpure.com)