AnatomyDiseasesAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesNamed GroupsGeographicals
Aortopulmonary Septal DefectVentricular SeptumPulmonary AtresiaHeart Septal Defects, VentricularHeart SeptumHeart Septal Defects, AtrialHeart Septal DefectsHeart Defects, CongenitalTransposition of Great VesselsPulmonary ArteryPulmonary ValveArterio-Arterial FistulaSeptal Occluder DeviceCollateral CirculationCardiac CatheterizationPulmonary Valve StenosisTetralogy of FallotTricuspid ValveInfant, NewbornFetal HeartSynchrotronsX-RaysCardiomyopathy, HypertrophicArgentina
Intact ventricularAtrial septumOutflow tractVentricleAbnormalitiesAortaPatent foramTricuspid valveAnomaliesRight ventricular wallEndocardial cushion defectObstructionChambers of the heartMembranous septumTranscatheterMuscularAbnormalCanalTetralogy of FalLeftRepair of the defectInflowConductionASDsCardiac defectsLesionsShuntReversalBirth defectCongenital heart
Intact ventricular9
Atrial septum4
  • AVCD is caused by an abnormal or inadequate fusion of the superior and inferior endocardial cushions with the mid portion of the atrial septum and the muscular portion of the ventricular septum . (wikipedia.org)
  • The abnormal blood flow inside the heart may be caused by defects in the ATRIAL SEPTUM, the VENTRICULAR SEPTUM, or both. (bvsalud.org)
  • Isolated leftward prolapse or deviation of the primary atrial septum is a rare CHD that can mimic abnormal pulmonary venous return at first sight. (cambridge.org)
  • We present a case of a newborn infant, referred for surgical correction of totally anomalous pulmonary venous return into the right atrium, with the peri-operative finding of a leftward deviation of the superior margin of the primary atrial septum. (cambridge.org)
Outflow tract5
  • Herein, right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction on a beating heart using a Foley balloon catheter is described. (bvsalud.org)
  • METHODS: A retrospective review of patients who underwent right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction on a beating heart using a Foley balloon catheter at our institution between September 2018 and March 2022 was completed. (bvsalud.org)
  • One patient with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect, and two patients with tetralogy of Fallot underwent an on-pump right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction on a beating heart. (bvsalud.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction on a beating heart using a Foley balloon catheter for pulmonary atresia and tetralogy of Fallot is a feasible alternative to catheter-based interventions or traditional surgical treatment, especially in patients with muscular infundibular stenosis or hypoplastic pulmonary annulus. (bvsalud.org)
  • Chapters are devoted to specific conditions and feature detailed descriptions of how to perform a variety of appropriate reparative surgical techniques involving complex anatomy, reoperative surgery, and unique techniques to this speciality, enabling the reader to develop a deep understanding of how to successfully resolve situations such as left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, anomalous pulmonary venous return, and anomalous origin of the coronary arteries. (nshealth.ca)
Ventricle15
  • Prognosis and management depend on the degree of right ventricular hypoplasia (including tricuspid valve hypoplasia) and the dependency of the myocardial blood supply on abnormal communications between the right ventricle and coronary arteries. (medscape.com)
  • In the case of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect, decreased pulmonary blood flow may cause associated defects such as: Tricuspid atresia Tetralogy of Fallot Double outlet right ventricle In terms of the cause of pulmonary atresia, there is uncertainty as to what instigates this congenital heart defect. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (PA-VSD) is identified by underdevelopment of the right ventricle. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) is a second opening in the ventricular wall, which provides a way out for blood in the right ventricle. (wikipedia.org)
  • When this second opening does not exist, very little blood goes to the right ventricle, which is what causes it to be underdeveloped in PA-IVS, this defect can be determined before birth. (wikipedia.org)
  • Arch anomalies are defects relating to the aorta, affecting the oxygenated blood leaving the left ventricle. (3dheartproject.com)
  • Tetralogy of Fallot is made up of 4 defects: a hole between the two ventricles (VSD), A narrow pulmonary valve and artery (pulmonary stenosis), a misplaced aorta which is over both ventricles, and thicker muscles in the right ventricle. (3dheartproject.com)
  • Defects where the left or right ventricle of the heart is under developed, which affects to blood flow throughout the heart. (3dheartproject.com)
  • This is a model of a patient with an unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) with a hypoplastic left ventricle who underwent a Fontan procedure as the final stage of the surgical palliation. (3dheartproject.com)
  • An atrial septal defect (ASD) is an opening in the interatrial septum, causing a left-to-right shunt and volume overload of the right atrium and right ventricle. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A reduction of PBF also decreases the total blood volume returning to the LV (or the systemic ventricle) and often improves ventricular function. (medscape.com)
  • In image 1, the right ventricle and pulmonary artery have been opened to view the right ventricular side of the ventricular septum and pulmonary outflow. (ipccc.net)
  • An outlet ventricular septal defect is shown opening into the right ventricle between the limbs of the "Y" of septal band (black "Y"). The red dots mark the postero-inferior border of the defect which is muscular, as is the entire right ventricular margin of the defect. (ipccc.net)
  • Single ventricle defects include any complex heart defect in which there is only one functional ventricle. (msdmanuals.com)
  • To determine ventricular size and EF, the ventricle was analyzed from the apical transverse plane (ventricular long-axis) and the parasternal short-axis views. (thoracickey.com)
Abnormalities6
  • In congenital heart defects such as pulmonary atresia, structural abnormalities can include the valves of the heart, and the walls and arteries/veins near the heart muscle. (wikipedia.org)
  • The 2 competing embryologic theories are (1) that aortopulmonary window is part of a spectrum of conotruncal abnormalities, which includes truncus arteriosus at one end of the spectrum, and (2) that aortopulmonary window is unrelated to truncus arteriosus because the lesions associated with each defect are so dissimilar. (medscape.com)
  • The hemodynamic abnormalities are similar to those seen with a large, unrestrictive ventricular septal defect (VSD) or patent ductus arteriosus. (medscape.com)
  • Developmental abnormalities in any portion of the VENTRICULAR SEPTUM resulting in abnormal communications between the two lower chambers of the heart. (sdsu.edu)
  • Abnormalities in any part of the HEART SEPTUM resulting in abnormal communication between the left and the right chambers of the heart. (bvsalud.org)
  • Septooptic dysplasia is a clinically heterogeneous disorder loosely defined by any combination of optic nerve hypoplasia, pituitary gland hypoplasia, and midline abnormalities of the brain, including absence of the corpus callosum and septum pellucidum (Dattani et al. (nih.gov)
Aorta6
  • Aortopulmonary collaterals that originate from the descending thoracic aorta are rare. (medscape.com)
  • Currently, an incision directly into the aortopulmonary window or the aorta is used. (medscape.com)
  • Aortopulmonary window represents a failure of the conotruncus to differentiate into the aorta and pulmonary artery. (medscape.com)
  • These four defects include: a ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, a misplaced aorta, and a thickened right ventricular wall. (3dheartproject.com)
  • Safe placement of a pulmonary artery band: (A) encircling the aortopulmonary trunk, (B) encircling the aorta, and (C) completing the pulmonary artery band at the final location. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] An autopsy revealed a large ventricular septal defect (VSD) and an overriding aorta. (medscape.com)
Patent foram1
  • In addition, PAIVS has an obligatory right-to-left atrial-level shunt (through a patent foramen ovale or secundum atrial septal defect). (medscape.com)
Tricuspid valve3
  • The septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve mostly develops from the inferior endocardial cushion with a small contribution from the superior cushion. (naqlafshk.com)
  • The anterior and posterior tricuspid valve leaflets develop by undermining of a skirt of ventricular muscle tissue. (naqlafshk.com)
  • In the membranous type (6.6%), the atrioventricular portion of the membranous septum forms the floor of the right atrium at the expected location of the tricuspid valve. (naqlafshk.com)
Anomalies3
  • Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most frequent type of birth defect and a leading cause of perinatal death due to congenital anomalies. (e-ultrasonography.org)
  • Associated anomalies are common and include atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonic valve stenosis, and transposition of the great arteries. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Originally described in association with a large VSD, Eisenmenger syndrome can also manifest with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) or, less frequently, with other congenital cardiac anomalies, such as atrioventricular septal defects (AVSDs) and atrial septal defects (ASDs). (medscape.com)
Right ventricular wall1
  • attachment is displaced downward, and plastering of the leaflets to the right ventricular wall occurs. (naqlafshk.com)
Endocardial cushion defect1
  • Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) or atrioventricular canal defect (AVCD), also known as " common atrioventricular canal " or " endocardial cushion defect " (ECD), is characterized by a deficiency of the atrioventricular septum of the heart that creates connections between all four of its chambers. (wikipedia.org)
Obstruction2
  • The common association of distal arch obstruction or interrupted aortic arch with aortopulmonary window acts as an obstruction to systemic flow and further increases the left-to-right shunt. (medscape.com)
  • Most pathophysiologic mechanisms in the patient's disease that are pertinent to the perioperative plan and to optimal preparation of the patient focus on one of the following major problems: severe hypoxemia, excessive pulmonary blood flow, CHF, obstruction of blood flow from the left heart, and poor ventricular function. (aneskey.com)
Chambers of the heart1
Membranous septum1
Transcatheter1
  • The influence of the timing of transcatheter atrial septal defect (ASD) closure on ventricular remodeling at 6 months after ASD closure is unclear. (techscience.com)
Muscular5
  • Classification of ventricular septal defects is based on location of the communication, such as perimembranous, inlet, outlet (infundibular), central muscular, marginal muscular, or apical muscular defect. (sdsu.edu)
  • A congenital cardiac malformation in which there is an outlet ventricular septal defect with exclusively muscular borders, in the absence of malalignment of the outlet septum with the trabecular muscular septum. (ipccc.net)
  • Note that there is no significant malalignment between the right ventricular outlet septum and the rest of the muscular septum. (ipccc.net)
  • Anatomic Specimen of Outlet muscular ventricular septal defect without malalignment. (ipccc.net)
  • The image shows the outlet ventricular defect surrounded by muscle with a muscular postero-inferior rim (red dots). (ipccc.net)
Abnormal1
  • Defects may involve abnormal formation of the heart's walls or valves or of the blood vessels that enter. (msdmanuals.com)
Canal2
  • Following this report, multiple studies were published demonstrating the effectiveness of this technique in infants with congestive heart failure caused by large VSDs, complex lesions (eg, atrioventricular canal defects), and tricuspid atresia . (medscape.com)
  • Ventricular morphology was characterized as left ventricular (LV) dominant (e.g., tricuspid atresia), right ventricular (RV) dominant (e.g., hypoplastic left heart syndrome), or mixed (e.g., unbalanced atrioventricular canal defect). (thoracickey.com)
Tetralogy of Fal2
Left14
  • Aortopulmonary window produces a large and usually unrestricted left-to-right shunt that worsens as pulmonary vascular resistance falls during the newborn period. (medscape.com)
  • Aortopulmonary window is characterized by a large left-to-right shunt that becomes progressively worse as pulmonary vascular resistance falls during the newborn period. (medscape.com)
  • Volume overload and pulmonary overcirculation lead to progressive left ventricular dysfunction and congestive heart failure. (medscape.com)
  • Left ventricular ejection fraction, 59.80(10.26) versus 66.41(4.15), p = 0.021). (bvsalud.org)
  • Tricuspid atresia is the most common cause of cyanosis with left ventricular hypertrophy. (naqlafshk.com)
  • This technique was widely used in the past as an initial surgical intervention for infants born with cardiac defects characterized by left-to-right shunting and pulmonary overcirculation. (medscape.com)
  • Congenital heart defects with left-to-right shunting and unrestricted pulmonary blood flow (PBF) due to a drop in pulmonary vascular resistance result in pulmonary overcirculation. (medscape.com)
  • In patients with cardiac defects that produce left-to-right shunting, this restriction of PBF reduces the shunt volume and consequently improves both systemic pressure and cardiac output. (medscape.com)
  • Left Ventricular Physiology and Ventricular-Vascular Interactions in Young Patients After Heart Transplantation. (airomedical.com)
  • To assess the prognostic value of left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global longitudinal early diastolic strain rate (GLSre) with regard to cardiovascular events, as congenital aortic stenosis (AoS) is associated with significant mortality and morbidity but predictors for clinical outcome are scarce. (techscience.com)
  • In some of them, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) can decline after pacing. (aerjournal.com)
  • Large defects result in a significant left-to-right shunt and cause dyspnea. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Image 2 provides a left ventricular view of the ventricular septum and left ventricular outflow. (ipccc.net)
  • Leftward deviation of the primary septum or dividing left atrial shelf? (cambridge.org)
Repair of the defect2
  • Most lesions are repaired by direct patch repair of the defect. (medscape.com)
  • Surgical repair of the defect is usually needed. (msdmanuals.com)
Inflow1
  • During the procedure, a Foley balloon catheter was used to occlude the blood from the right ventricular inflow tract. (bvsalud.org)
Conduction1
  • This is a consequence of non-physiological ventricular activation bypassing the conduction system. (aerjournal.com)
ASDs1
  • Persistent moderate to large ASDs result in large shunts, leading to right atrial and right ventricular volume overload. (msdmanuals.com)
Cardiac defects2
  • Aortopulmonary window is frequently associated with other cardiac defects that affect outcome and complicate repair. (medscape.com)
  • PAB may not be tolerated in patients who have cardiac defects that depend on mixing of the systemic and pulmonary venous blood to maintain adequate systemic oxygen saturations. (medscape.com)
Lesions2
  • Aortopulmonary window may occur as an isolated lesion or as part of a larger complex of lesions and represents approximately 0.2% of all congenital cardiac lesions. (medscape.com)
  • Lesions in Eisenmenger syndrome, such as large septal defects, are characterized by high pulmonary pressure and/or a high pulmonary flow state. (medscape.com)
Shunt2
  • Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is an opening in the interventricular septum, causing a shunt between ventricles. (merckmanuals.com)
  • This was the first description of a link between a large congenital cardiac shunt defect and the development of pulmonary hypertension. (medscape.com)
Reversal1
  • Eisenmenger syndrome refers to any untreated congenital cardiac defect with intracardiac communication that leads to pulmonary hypertension, reversal of flow, and cyanosis. (medscape.com)
Birth defect1
  • Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most commonly reported birth defect, with prevalences of 4−50 per 1,000 live births [ 4 , 5 ] and 1.7−3 per 1,000 live births for critical CHD [ 5 - 7 ]. (e-cep.org)
Congenital heart9
  • Potential risk factors that can cause this congenital heart defect are those the pregnant mother may come in contact with, such as: Certain medications Diet Smoking In regards to the diagnosis of pulmonary atresia the body requires oxygenated blood for survival. (wikipedia.org)
  • As the population with congenital heart defects increases more and more operations will be required to treat the residual defects, new defects, and replacement strategies such as valve replacements. (nshealth.ca)
  • A condition that is a combination of four congenital heart defects. (3dheartproject.com)
  • Among birth defects, congenital heart disease is the leading cause of infant mortality. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Pulmonary artery banding (PAB) is a technique of palliative surgical therapy used by congenital heart surgeons as a staged approach for operative correction of congenital heart defects. (medscape.com)
  • He has also published 87 scientific publications, focusing on impactful topics such as the assessment of ventricular function, treatment strategies for congenital heart disease, and the evaluation of preventive oral hygiene programs for children with heart conditions. (airomedical.com)
  • Frequently, congenital heart defects are complex and can be difficult to categorize or conceptualize. (aneskey.com)
  • [7] Other risk factors include: having a parent with a congenital heart defect , alcohol use while pregnant, uncontrolled diabetes treatment during pregnancy and some medications during pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
  • This type of congenital heart defect is associated with patients with Down syndrome (trisomy 21) or heterotaxy syndromes . (wikipedia.org)