• In regions other than the thoracic, ventral rami converge with each other to form networks of nerves called nerve plexuses. (wikipedia.org)
  • The spinal cord is located inside the vertebral canal, which is formed by the foramina of 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, and 5 sacral vertebrae, which together form the spine. (medscape.com)
  • Hematomyelia more commonly involves the cervical rather than thoracic or lumbar spinal cord. (medscape.com)
  • The brachial plexus starts as the union of the ventral primary rami of cervical nerves 5 through 8 (C5-C8) and the thoracic nerve T1 (Figure 1). (asra.com)
  • The segmentation is clearest for the Hofmann nuclei minor, which are clusters of neurons iterated along the ventrolateral margin of the thoracic spinal cord but not organized in protruding lobes. (nih.gov)
  • MRI of the spine showed a spinal cord compression due to bone and epidural tumoral lesions of the posterior wall of the D1 to D5 thoracic vertebras ( Figure 1 ). (scirp.org)
  • The thoracic part of the spinal cord has been exposed by a laminectomy. (stanford.edu)
  • Spinal metaplastic meningioma with osseous differentiation in the ventral thoracic spinal canal. (radiopaedia.org)
  • At HH St.29, Shh is mainly detected in LMCm (Isl1 + /FoxP1 + ) neurons at brachial levels and LMCl (Isl1 - /FoxP1 + ) neurons at lumbar levels but not in motor neurons at thoracic levels of chick spinal cord (dotted outline). (elifesciences.org)
  • More important, spinal angiography is performed to identify the location of the artery of Adamkiewicz, which is usually in the lower thoracic region, most frequently on the left side. (medscape.com)
  • Spinal angiography is performed for surgical planning if the meningioma is in the lower thoracic region, regardless of the side of the meningioma. (medscape.com)
  • Acute Transverse Myelitis Acute transverse myelitis is acute inflammation of gray and white matter in one or more adjacent spinal cord segments, usually thoracic. (msdmanuals.com)
  • One of the divisions of the grey matter of the spinal cord , the ventral horn contains cell bodies of alpha motor neurons , which innervate skeletal muscle to cause movement. (neuroscientificallychallenged.com)
  • The ventral horn also contains other neurons involved in local circuits and the cell bodies of neurons called gamma motor neurons , which are involved in regulating muscle spindle sensitivity. (neuroscientificallychallenged.com)
  • Spinal lamina I neurons exhibit rhythmic burst firing during early life. (jneurosci.org)
  • B , Frozen sagittal section (30 μm) of P4 spinal cord illustrating the presence of DiI-labeled neurons within lamina I at 3 d after injection. (jneurosci.org)
  • G , Example of sagittal spinal cord slice from a Gad-GFP mouse showing numerous GABAergic neurons within the SDH. (jneurosci.org)
  • Experimentally, a well-accepted model to mimic axotomy injury retrograde repercussion to spinal neurons is the neonatal peripheral nerve axotomy [ 13 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Sciatic nerve transection, early after birth, results in significant degeneration of spinal motoneurons as well as sensory neurons present in the dorsal root ganglia. (hindawi.com)
  • Although anatomical repair of spinal roots and other lesioned plexus components constitute the primary approach, additional strategies are necessary to enhance neuroprotection and to improve the regenerative response of severed neurons. (hindawi.com)
  • After grafting cultured hPSC-derived NSCs into injured spinal cords of rats, they noted that the grafts were rich in excitatory neurons, extended large numbers of axons over long distances, innervated their target structures and enabled robust corticospinal regeneration. (disabled-world.com)
  • 20 Dubuisson D. Effect of dorsal-column stimulation on gelatinosa and marginal neurons of cat spinal cord. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by adult-onset progressive loss of primarily motor neurons in the cerebral cortex, brain stem, and spinal cord. (nature.com)
  • Shh is expressed in LMC neurons in developing mouse and chick spinal cord. (elifesciences.org)
  • C ) Quantification of the relative intensity of Shh ISH signal in motor neurons, % marker + (BrdU, Nkx2.2, Olig2, and cCasp3) cells relative to uninjected side and % motor columns relative to uninjected side of the spinal cord. (elifesciences.org)
  • C ) Quantification of the number of LMCm (Isl1 + /FoxP1 + ), LMCl (Hb9 + /FoxP1 + or Lhx1 + /FoxP1 + ), MMC (Hb9 + /Lhx3 + ) and HMC (Hb9 + /Isl1 + ) neurons, Olig2 + , Sox2 + , Ki67 + cells and total MNs at cervical level in E12.5 mouse embryonic spinal cord. (elifesciences.org)
  • Neurons that project to the ventral tegmental area (in blue) - a brain region associated with pleasure and reward - receive, in turn, projections from neurons in the spinal cord (in red) that themselves receive touch input, revealing a direct skin-to-brain circuit for pleasurable touch in mice. (eurekalert.org)
  • In the gray matter, AADC neurons immunolabeled for NeuN were not only found in the region around the central canal but also in the dorsal horn, intermediate zone, and ventral horn. (lu.se)
  • Additionally, a small number of AADC neurons labeled for NeuN were found in the white matter along the ventral median fissure. (lu.se)
  • For example, throughout cervical and lumbar segments AADC neurons in the intermediate zone and ventral horn tended to be rather large and weakly immunolabeled, whereas those in comparable regions of sacrocaudal segments were smaller and more densely immunolabeled. (lu.se)
  • Within each plexus, fibers from the various ventral rami branch and become redistributed so that each nerve exiting the plexus has fibers from several different spinal nerves. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are four main plexuses formed by the ventral rami: the cervical plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves C1-C4. (wikipedia.org)
  • The brachial plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves C5-T1. (wikipedia.org)
  • The lumbar plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves L1-L4. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ventral rami, including the sinuvertebral nerve branches, also supply structures anterior to the facet joint, including the vertebral bodies, the discs and their ligaments, and joins other spinal nerves to form the lumbosacral plexus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The spinal nerves consist of the sensory nerve roots, which enter the spinal cord at each level, and the motor roots, which emerge from the cord at each level. (medscape.com)
  • The spinal nerves are named and numbered according to the site of their emergence from the vertebral canal. (medscape.com)
  • This is a spinal operation that cuts the nerves carrying the most extremely spastic signals, leaving other nerves intact. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that originates from the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5-T1. (proprofs.com)
  • Absence of an epi-perineurium in the preforaminal spinal roots and, by extension, in the cranial nerves in their subarachnoid trajectory accounts for the observed thickening on MR imaging. (ajnr.org)
  • The roots of the brachial plexus represent the ventral rami of these spinal nerves. (asra.com)
  • First five spinal nerves. (biologists.com)
  • Sensory processing areas within the brain connect with cranial nerves or spinal cord sensory pathways. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These 30 dorsal sensory roots join with corresponding motor ventral roots to form spinal nerves. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Branches of the cervical and lumbosacral spinal nerves join more distally to form plexuses and then branch into nerve trunks. (msdmanuals.com)
  • these nerves correspond to their segment of origin in the spinal cord. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The ventral ramus (PL: rami) (Latin for 'branch') is the anterior division of a spinal nerve. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ventral rami supply the antero-lateral parts of the trunk and the limbs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two groups of nerve roots leave the spinal cord and lie in the spinal canal. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • the dorsal spinal roots transmit sensation from the muscle to the spinal cord. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Furthermore, isolated enhancement of the anterior spinal roots was observed in 3 patients. (ajnr.org)
  • 2 - 5 In 1 study from a patient presenting with pure motor GBS, inflammatory demyelination with secondary axonal degeneration was restricted to ventral spinal roots. (ajnr.org)
  • The predominance of inflammatory lesions in spinal roots and particularly in the ventral ones is an outstanding feature in GBS and in experimental allergic neuritis. (ajnr.org)
  • 2 Finally, predominance of lesions in spinal roots may be correlated with their less efficient blood-nerve barrier compared with more distal nerve trunks. (ajnr.org)
  • These nerve fibers, or roots, exit the spinal canal through a number of openings in the bones at each level of the lower spine called foramina. (spine-health.com)
  • The dorsal and ventral roots branch off from the spinal cord and merge together to form a single spinal nerve. (spine-health.com)
  • At the level of each spinal segment, two individual "roots" (bundles of nerve fibers) branch off the spinal cord and merge right before it enters the intervertebral foramen as a single nerve root. (spine-health.com)
  • The dorsal and ventral roots of the sciatic nerve are responsible for symptoms along the buttocks, thigh, leg, and foot. (spine-health.com)
  • While the cause(s) of sciatica is mostly defined as a problem occurring at the level of the spinal nerve root, it is also possible for the dorsal or ventral roots to be affected before they merge to form the spinal nerve root. (spine-health.com)
  • Research indicates that the dorsal roots are more vulnerable to inflammation, irritation, or compression compared to the ventral roots. (spine-health.com)
  • The spinal cord is divided into functional segments (levels) that correspond approximately to the attachments of the pairs of spinal nerve roots. (msdmanuals.com)
  • AFM is an illness that's characterized by the sudden onset of flaccid weakness in one or more extremities and also by distinct longitudinal gray matter lesions in the spinal cord. (cdc.gov)
  • Spinal cord lesions are more pronounced in mice with high clinical score (HIS) compared to mice with low clinical score (LIS). (elifesciences.org)
  • Seven of eight patients with magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord had nonenhancing lesions of the gray matter of the spinal cord spanning multiple levels, and seven of nine with magnetic resonance imaging of the brain had nonenhancing brainstem lesions (most commonly the dorsal pons). (cdc.gov)
  • Each spinal nerve carries both sensory and motor information, via efferent and afferent nerve fibers-ultimately via the motor cortex in the frontal lobe and to somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobe-but also through the phenomenon of reflex. (wikipedia.org)
  • Depending on its pathogenesis, spinal cord disease can manifest with variable impairment of motor , sensory, or autonomic function. (medscape.com)
  • SDR involves sectioning (cutting) of some of the sensory nerve fibres that come from the muscles and enter the spinal cord. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Tracking sensory system atrophy and outcome prediction in spinal cord injury. (mpg.de)
  • C , Example of a rat sagittal spinal cord section (50 μm) after exposure to avidin-rhodamine, illustrating the axon of a bursting neuron which sends collaterals to the SDH (arrowhead), the deep dorsal horn (boxed region) (see D-F ), and the ventral horn (arrows). (jneurosci.org)
  • D , Section (of same spinal cord as shown in C ) illustrating axonal boutons from the bursting neuron (arrowheads) in the deep dorsal horn of the rat (see inset for higher magnification of boxed region). (jneurosci.org)
  • Horse: posterior spinal cord ventral horn poliomyelitis, menigieal edema. (cdc.gov)
  • We were notified of sus- spinal anterior horn cells is the most common mechanism pected cases by infection control practitioners and health of WNV-associated paralysis and is associated with signif- professionals at 8 hospitals in and around the catchment icant short- and long-term illness and death. (cdc.gov)
  • Neurodegeneration in the spinal ventral horn prior to motor impairment in cervical spondylotic myelopathy. (mpg.de)
  • Gamma-aminobutyric acid is released in the dorsal horn by electrical spinal cord stimulation: an in vivo microdialysis study in the rat. (thieme-connect.com)
  • In contrast, distinctive staining was consistently observed in the ventral columns, the tip of the dorsal horn, and the central canal in treated animals. (cdc.gov)
  • For perfusion, three longitudinal vessels form an anastomotic network that supplies the spinal cord: two posterior spinal arteries, and the anterior spinal artery. (medscape.com)
  • The blood flow to the posterior spinal arteries originates from intradural vertebral arteries, which are from medullary segments of the posterior inferior cerebellar arteries and segmental radiculopial arteries. (medscape.com)
  • The posterior spinal arteries give rise to the "vasocorona," which eventually branches into peripheral arteries and mainly supplies the white matter of the spinal cord. (medscape.com)
  • Anterior and posterior median spinal veins drain the anterior and posterior regions of the spinal cord, respectively. (medscape.com)
  • A small group of nerve fibers derived from the back (posterior end) of the spinal cord. (spine-health.com)
  • This finding of prominent venous dilation associated with SIH is due to a secondary increase in the venous volume intracranially and in the spinal canal. (ajnr.org)
  • Sagittal reformation nonenhanced CT scan shows a calcified mass in the spinal canal. (medscape.com)
  • The antisera against vimentin faintly labeled the region around the central canal of the spinal cord in control animals. (cdc.gov)
  • It is previously reported that in mammalian spinal cord AADC cells (called D-cells) were largely confined to a region around the central canal and that they do not produce monoamines. (lu.se)
  • Eleven consecutive patients with severe myelopathy from ventral CVJ compression were operated between 2015-2020 using tubular-retractor-assisted transoral decompression. (zeiss.com)
  • Spinal cord hemorrhage usually presents as sudden, painful myelopathy, which may reflect the anatomic level of the hemorrhage. (medscape.com)
  • Moreover, spinal involvement causing myelopathy is even rare and unusual. (scirp.org)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging revealed extradural spinal cord compression at the ventral right aspect of the intervertebral disk space L3-4. (avma.org)
  • In rare cases, spinal meningiomas may have an extradural component, which can cause enlargement of the neuroforamen. (medscape.com)
  • Blood flows from the anterior spinal artery into medullary branches of the intradural vertebral arteries, and subsequently into segmental radiculomedullary arteries. (medscape.com)
  • The central perfusion region receives blood supply from the anterior spinal artery, which forms the central sulcus artery and courses into the ventral median sulcus and supplies the grey matter of spinal cord. (medscape.com)
  • A comparatively larger group of nerve fibers derived from the front (anterior end) of the spinal cord. (spine-health.com)
  • The spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum down to the level of the first and second lumbar vertebrae (at birth, down to second and third lumbar vertebrae). (medscape.com)
  • The patient underwent a lumbar puncture with a 20-gauge spinal needle in the lateral decubitus position at the bedside, and the CSF was noted to return very slowly. (ajnr.org)
  • Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disease produced by low levels of Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein that affects alpha motoneurons in the spinal cord. (mdpi.com)
  • To ascertain whether or not misfolded SOD1 is a common pathological feature in non- SOD1 ALS, we performed a blinded histological and biochemical analysis of post mortem brain and spinal cord tissues from 19 sporadic ALS, compared with a SOD1 A4V patient as well as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and non-neurological controls. (nature.com)
  • Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) is an essential enzyme in the synthesis of serotonin, dopamine, and certain trace amines and is present in a variety of organs including the brain and spinal cord. (lu.se)
  • Care must be taken not to damage the artery during surgery because the artery supplies the spinal cord. (medscape.com)
  • Neuronal survival, axonal regeneration, and ultrastructural changes at ventral spinal cord were also investigated. (hindawi.com)
  • Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the leading causes of disability, associated with the inevitable formation of a glial scar in the post-traumatic period, which impedes the regenerative axonal growth through the lesion ( 1 - 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • He noted that the work presents potential benefits beyond spinal cord injury therapies since the NSCs can be used in modeling and drug screening for disorders that also involve spinal cord dysfunction, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, progressive muscular atrophy, hereditary spastic paraplegia and spinocerebellar ataxia, a group of genetic disorders characterized by progressive discoordination of gait, hands and eye movement. (disabled-world.com)
  • The coccyx has only 1 spinal segment. (medscape.com)
  • Radiculopathy originating from the sciatic nerve may be felt in clearly outlined (and often overlapping) areas of the thigh and leg, which are responsible for the distinctive symptom patterns associated with sciatica and tend to also help physicians identify the level of the spinal segment(s) that are involved in causing the symptoms. (spine-health.com)
  • The axons originating from a single Hofmann nucleus cross within a stretch of the cord equivalent to about one spinal segment. (nih.gov)
  • Clinical Findings -Neuroanatomic localization indicated a lesion in the T3-L3 spinal cord segment. (avma.org)
  • Activation was localized in the ipsilateral cervical spinal cord and contralateral primary motor and premotor areas. (biorxiv.org)
  • These data indicate that human premotor areas such as the ventral premotor cortex might be functionally connected to the lower cervical spinal cord contributing to distal upper limb functions, a finding which extends our understanding about human motor function beyond the animal literature. (biorxiv.org)
  • Are midsagittal tissue bridges predictive of outcome after cervical spinal cord injury? (mpg.de)
  • The proposed method of cryoapplication for inducing reproducible glial scars could facilitate a better understanding of the self-recovery processes in the damaged spinal cord. (frontiersin.org)
  • One advantage to having plexes is that damage to a single spinal nerve will not completely paralyze a limb. (wikipedia.org)
  • Various pathological conditions, including surgical treatments, traumatic injuries, embolism, malformations and tumors, result in severe changes in the arterial blood supply to the spinal cord [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • Spinal cord hemorrhage can be divided based on etiology, into two types: (1) traumatic and (2) non-traumatic. (medscape.com)
  • The most common cause of spinal cord hemorrhage is traumatic injury. (medscape.com)
  • We have developed an original model of post-traumatic spinal cord glial scarring in rats through cryoapplication. (frontiersin.org)
  • Relationship between brainstem neurodegeneration and clinical impairment in traumatic spinal cord injury. (mpg.de)
  • Following traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), one of the main concerns from cat-owners is whether their cat can recover (i.e., a "functional pet" that can walk, able to regain urinary/fecal continence). (vin.com)
  • Traumatic animals in shock should be treated prior to assess spinal cord function. (vin.com)
  • Traumatic injury to the spinal cord initiates a series of pathological cellular processes that exacerbate tissue damage at and beyond the original site of injury. (researchsquare.com)
  • A distinct chin becomes evident in the midline at the ventral end of the mandibular area. (ehd.org)
  • 1) Each neuron extends a commissural axon through the ventral gray matter and across the midline in the ventral commissure. (nih.gov)
  • Our data demonstrate that cryoapplication producing a topical cooling around−20°C, caused a highly standardized transmural lesion of the spinal cord in the dorsoventral direction. (frontiersin.org)
  • While these SCI models reproduce a realistic clinical course of the spinal cord injury in humans, they have multiple drawbacks, particularly, the impossibility to induce a "therapeutic" lesion. (frontiersin.org)
  • Spinal angiography usually shows a hypervascular lesion with tumor blush. (medscape.com)
  • Clinicians should report to their local and state health departments patients aged ≤21 years with 1) acute onset of focal limb weakness occurring on or after August 1, 2014, and 2) magnetic resonance imaging showing a spinal cord lesion largely restricted to gray matter. (cdc.gov)
  • The pial surface and superficial regions of the spinal cord are drained by radial veins and the coronal venous plexus. (medscape.com)
  • After reaching the contralateral ventral columns the individual axons bifurcate and extend rostrally and caudally up to 5 spinal segments in each direction. (nih.gov)
  • Trauma is the most common cause of spinal cord injury . (medscape.com)
  • Hyperexcitability of spinal reflexes and reduced synaptic inhibition are commonly associated with spasticity after spinal cord injury (SCI). (nature.com)
  • Boulenguez, P. & Vinay, L. Strategies to restore motor functions after spinal cord injury. (nature.com)
  • Boorman, G.I., Lee, R.G., Becker, W.J. & Windhorst, U.R. Impaired 'natural reciprocal inhibition' in patients with spasticity due to incomplete spinal cord injury. (nature.com)
  • Crone, C., Johnsen, L.L., Biering-Sorensen, F. & Nielsen, J.B. Appearance of reciprocal facilitation of ankle extensors from ankle flexors in patients with stroke or spinal cord injury. (nature.com)
  • A specific risk of ventral hernia surgery is injury to the bowel (small or large intestine). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Several animal models exist to examine physiological and functional changes after the spinal cord injury with aim to explain knowledge about the spinal cord injury in human. (intechopen.com)
  • This chapter compares the arterial spinal cord blood supply of the frequently used species (pig, dog, cat, rabbit and rat) in experimental spinal cord injury and in human. (intechopen.com)
  • Spinal cord injury is associated with sustainable disability and results in loss of bladder, respiratory, cardiac, or sexual functions, and in varying degree of paralysis [ 2 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • According to the World Health Organization, every year worldwide up to 500,000 people suffer a spinal cord injury (SCI). (frontiersin.org)
  • They promoted regeneration after spinal cord injury in adult rats, including corticospinal axons, which are extremely important in human voluntary motor function. (disabled-world.com)
  • This quality-reviewed article relating to our Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) section was selected for publishing by the editors of Disabled World due to its likely interest to our disability community readers. (disabled-world.com)
  • Spinal cord injury affects the interplay between visual and sensorimotor representations of the body. (mpg.de)
  • Association of pain and CNS structural changes after spinal cord injury. (mpg.de)
  • Here, we investigate whether Hv1 mediates microglial/macrophage activation and aggravates secondary damage following spinal cord injury (SCI). (researchsquare.com)
  • Hence, therapeutic intervention during the window of secondary injury is key to influence the tissue and behavioral recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI). (researchsquare.com)
  • and (iv) lateral membranes forming spinal cysts/meningeal diverticulae associated with lateral CSF leaks. (bvsalud.org)
  • Researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine report that they have successfully created spinal cord neural stem cells (NSCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) that differentiate into a diverse population of cells capable of dispersing throughout the spinal cord and can be maintained for long periods of time. (disabled-world.com)
  • Though the content may have been edited for style, clarity, or length, the article "Spinal Cord Neural Stem Cells Show Diverse Promise for SCI" was originally written by University of California - San Diego, and published by Disabled-World.com on 2018/08/14 (Updated: 2018/08/16). (disabled-world.com)
  • Knock-down of chick Shh did not affect the proliferation (BrdU) or survival (cCasp3) of neural progenitor cells and ventral neural patterning (Olig2 and Nkx2.2). (elifesciences.org)
  • Along the dorsoventral (DV)axis, the ectoderm becomes subdivided into the dorsal (CNS or neural plate),intermediate (e.g. presumptive neural crest, placodes and cement gland) and ventral (epidermal) ectoderm. (biologists.com)
  • Along the anteroposterior (AP) axis, the neural plate is finely regionalized into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord. (biologists.com)
  • Shortly after a spinal nerve exits the intervertebral foramen, it branches into the dorsal ramus, the ventral ramus, and the ramus communicans. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the white matter a large number of glial cells were AADC-immunopositive in different spinal segments and the vast majority of these cells expressed oligodendrocyte and radial glial phenotypes. (lu.se)
  • Intramedullary spinal cord tumors, both primary CNS and metastatic (especially renal cell carcinoma), can also bleed and lead to hematomyelia. (medscape.com)
  • Meningiomas account for approximately 25% of all spinal tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Most intradural spinal tumors are benign and potentially resectable. (medscape.com)
  • We report a rare case of adult Langerhans cell histiocytosis in the dorsal spine causing a spinal cord compression associated with a pulmonary process treated by surgery, radiotherapy and systemic therapy with good evolution. (scirp.org)
  • Final diagnosis was therefore Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the dorsal spine complicated by spinal cord compression. (scirp.org)
  • The therapeutic decision was an autologeous bone transplantation with a ventral plate osteosynthesis and a decompressive irradiation to the dorsal spine (10 × 3 GY) followed by glucocorticoid and vinblastine based chemotherapy: 10 mg/weeks for 6 weeks. (scirp.org)
  • Here we conducted combined cortico-spinal functional MRI during a simple visually guided isometric force generation task in a group of 20 healthy young subjects. (biorxiv.org)
  • The spinal cord lesion's detailed functional morphology is described at different time points (1-60 days) after the produced cryoinjury. (frontiersin.org)
  • In general, any SCI patient presented with paraplegia/tetraplegia without deep pain perception (DPP), the prognosis for functional recovery is guarded as the "spinal cord function" is completely blocked or transected at the injured site. (vin.com)
  • Summary of intramedullary spinal cord hemorrhage etiologies, with history and associated clues, common imaging findings, and representative management. (medscape.com)
  • 2 Figure 1 illustrates typical findings in the L5 ventral root. (ajnr.org)
  • Clinical Relevance -Findings for the dog of this report indicated spinal cord compression attributable to extruded intervertebral disk material resolved. (avma.org)
  • BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To systematically describe pertinent, intraoperative anatomic findings encountered when approaching spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks and CSF-venous fistulas in spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). (bvsalud.org)
  • Resveratrol activated p300 acetyltransferase-mediated VEGF signaling in the affected ventral spinal cord, which may have thus contributed to the acceleration of nerve regeneration and motor repair. (vinomis.com)
  • Figure 3: Blockade of KCC2 with DIOA increases polysynaptic reflexes in the in vitro spinal cord preparation isolated from neonatal rats. (nature.com)
  • Li, Y., Gorassini, M.A. & Bennett, D.J. Role of persistent sodium and calcium currents in motoneuron firing and spasticity in chronic spinal rats. (nature.com)
  • How cerebral and spinal components interact and how spinal activation is influenced by cerebral primary motor and premotor areas is poorly understood. (biorxiv.org)
  • Spinal activation was furthermore significantly correlated with primary motor cortex activation while increasing target forces led to an increase in the amount of activation. (biorxiv.org)
  • 14 Waltz J M. Computerized percutaneous multi-level spinal cord stimulation in motor disorders. (thieme-connect.com)
  • A ) ISH analysis of mouse spinal cord (dotted outline) showed the expression of Shh in FP and LMC region (arrowhead) at later stages when motor columns are specified. (elifesciences.org)
  • C ) Schematic drawing shows the LMCm, LMCl, and MMC motor columns in the ventral spinal cord with representative markers. (elifesciences.org)
  • Blood flow to the lower portion of the spinal cord (T8-L3) is supplied by a large radicular artery with somewhat variable positioning, termed the Artery of Adamkiewicz. (medscape.com)
  • Mazzocchio, R. & Rossi, A. Involvement of spinal recurrent inhibition in spasticity. (nature.com)
  • B ) Quantification of fluoromyelin signal in the spinal cord ventral white matter. (elifesciences.org)
  • C ) Quantification of the CD3 positive area in the ventral white matter of the spinal cord. (elifesciences.org)
  • The quantification of the entire cohort is shown in ( C ). ( E ) Representative photomicrographs of GFAP positive cells (astrocytes) and Iba-1 positive cells (microglia, monocytes, macrophages) in the spinal cord grey and white matters of mice. (elifesciences.org)
  • F - G ) Quantification of GFAP positive area and Iba-1 positive area in ( F ) the grey matter and in ( G ) the white matter of the spinal cord. (elifesciences.org)
  • Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a disease presenting mostly with orthostatic head and neck pain due to a spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak or a CSF-venous fistula in the spinal region. (bvsalud.org)
  • INTRODUCTION: Spontaneous intracranial hypotension due to a spinal cerebrospinal fluid leak causes orthostatic headaches and impacts quality of life. (bvsalud.org)
  • A , Complete semithin transverse section of the L5 ventral root in a control subject with no pathology. (ajnr.org)
  • B , Complete semithin transverse section of the L5 ventral root from the patient reported in reference 3 . (ajnr.org)
  • The transoral approach is well established for ventral decompression of the CVJ. (zeiss.com)
  • Tubular retractors provide adequate access for decompression of the ventral compression of CVJ. (zeiss.com)
  • Their Th12-L1 vertebrae with the injured spinal cord region were removed "e n bloc " for histological examination. (frontiersin.org)