Venous vena cava superior. Medical search. Frequent questions

Agenesis of the vena cava is a genetic defect of the inferior vena cava. (wikipedia.org)
Development of The Venous System: The Inferior Vena Cava. (wikipedia.org)
The patient underwent a chest CT-scan, followed by a confirmatory transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) which revealed the presence of a prominent, heterogeneous, partially non-enhancing, right atrial mass, measuring 66 × 41 × 37 mm, partially disrupting inferior vena cava flow and obstructing the superior vena cava ( Figures 1 , 2 , Supplementary Video S1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Additional pertinent past medical history includes placement of subcutaneous central catheters/ports on multiple occasions for delivery of immunoglobulin therapy as well as a history of venous thromboses of the lower extremities with documented bilateral pulmonary emboli requiring anticoagulation and eventually an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter. (ctsnet.org)
Hepatic uptake of 99m Tc-macroaggregated albumin has been reported in both superior and inferior vena cava obstructions ( 1 - 4 ) and is caused by shunting of venous blood flow through collateral pathways to the portal system. (snmjournals.org)
These pathways in superior vena cava obstruction have been well described ( 2 - 5 ) and include the azygous and hemiazygous, superior and inferior intercostal, internal mammary, lateral thoracic, epigastric, and vertebral veins. (snmjournals.org)
The second pathway is the internal mammary venous system plus tributaries and secondary communications to the superior and inferior epigastric veins. (medscape.com)
They may also be connected to one of the veins that carry oxygen-poor blood from the body to the right atrium, such as the inferior (IVC) or superior vena cava (SVC) (as shown in the diagram). (congenital.org)
for example for sinus venosus defects (pulmonary vein anatomy and assessment for partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection or persistent left superior vena cava and unroofed left coronary sinus).2 Indeed, CMR/CCT may be superior to TOE for assessment of inferior sinus venosus defects.1 Early detection and surgical treatment of a sinus venosus defect has is important to lower morbidity and mortality risk of these patients. (hcs.gr)
Codes are assigned for CVC when the entry site is the jugular, subclavian, femoral vein, or inferior vena cava and for a PICC when the entry site is the basilic, cephalic, or saphenous vein. (aceanesthesiapain.com)
The superior vena cava and inferior vena cava drain systemic venous blood into the posterior wall of the right atrium. (medscape.com)
Enlargement of the caudate lobe is common because blood is shunted through it directly into the inferior vena cava (IVC). (medscape.com)

Superior Vena Cava (SVC) Endovascular Reconstruction with Implanted Central Venous Catheter Repositioning for Treatment of Malignant SVC Obstruction. (unil.ch)
Hydrops has been produced in the ovine fetus by anemia, tachyarrhythmia, occlusion of lymphatic drainage, and obstruction of cardiac venous return. (medscape.com)
An MRA was obtained which demonstrated complete obstruction of the superior vena cava below the brachiocephalic junction (Figure 1) . (ctsnet.org)
Iatrogenic SVC obstruction contributes to a significant proportion as evidenced by the increasing number of patients exposed to transvenous pacemaker electrodes and central venous catheters. (ctsnet.org)
Check for superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction and adequate venous drainage. (perfusion.com)
Superior vena cava syndrome, which occurs in approximately 15,000 persons in the United States annually, consists of a collection of symptoms and signs resulting from the obstruction of the superior vena cava (SVC). (escholarship.org)
Extrapulmonary deposition of macroaggregated albumin particles on lung perfusion scintigraphy occurs in the presence of right-to-left shunting, as demonstrated in this case of portosystemic shunting related to superior vena cava obstruction by germ cell tumor of the mediastinum. (snmjournals.org)
We present a case of portosystemic shunting related to superior vena cava obstruction by germ cell tumor of the mediastinum. (snmjournals.org)
Four months earlier, a large nonseminomatous germ cell tumor had been diagnosed in the right mediastinum, and there was known superior vena cava obstruction and lung metastases. (snmjournals.org)
Abnormal tracer accumulation seen in the right abdomen anteriorly in the liver ( Fig. 1 ) was due to the portosystemic shunting via collateral pathways secondary to the superior vena cava obstruction. (snmjournals.org)
Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is obstruction of blood flow through the superior vena cava (SVC). (medscape.com)
Obstruction of the SVC may be caused by neoplastic invasion of the venous wall associated with intravascular thrombosis or, more simply, by extrinsic pressure of a tumor mass against the relatively thin-walled SVC. (medscape.com)
Despite these collateral pathways, venous pressure is almost always elevated in the upper compartment if obstruction of the SVC is present. (medscape.com)
The superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is defined as the set of signs and symptoms derived from superior vena cava obstruction, both intrinsic obstruction and extrinsic compression, which causes an increase in venous pressure in the upper body region. (asploro.com)
Despite these collateral ways, if there is clogging the SVC almost always raises the venous pressure of the upper compartment, the flow obstruction of SVC produces venous hypertension of the head, neck and upper extremities, which in turn is responsible for the clinical presentation characteristics [ 5-7 ]. (asploro.com)
Budd-Chiari syndrome is an uncommon condition induced by thrombotic or nonthrombotic obstruction of the hepatic venous outflow and is characterized by hepatomegaly, ascites, and abdominal pain. (medscape.com)

Prophylactic approaches to catheter-associated thrombosis are not recommended, and the use of superior vena cava filters in deep vein thrombosis of the upper extremities should be avoided. (cmaj.ca)
Biomarkers in chronic venous disease and deep vein thrombosis. (europeanvenousforum.org)

Catheter-associated thrombosis is the most common noninfectious complication of implantable venous access devices and can cause superior vena cava syndrome. (cmaj.ca)
Photographs of the head and upper chest of a 53-year-old man with catheter-associated superior vena cava syndrome, showing (A) facial and neck plethora, and (B) a prominent superficial venous pattern on the chest. (cmaj.ca)
The superior vena cava (SVC) appeared almost completely occluded immediately above the right atrium distal to the catheter tip, with extensive venous collaterals in the mediastinum, suggestive of SVC syndrome ( Figure 2 ). (cmaj.ca)
A 64-year-old man presented with symptoms indicative of superior vena cava syndrome. (frontiersin.org)
Given the patient's symptoms suggestive of superior vena cava syndrome (SVC), a broad differential diagnosis were considered. (frontiersin.org)
Herein, we report a case of superior vena cava syndrome diagnosed in our dermatology clinic. (escholarship.org)
Proptosis, periorbital swelling, conjunctival suffusion and elevated intraocular pressure are common ophthalmic findings in superior vena cava syndrome [ 3 ]. (escholarship.org)
Physical exam usually establishes the presence of superior vena cava syndrome. (escholarship.org)
Additional known masses of the middle or right anterior mediastinum causing superior vena cava syndrome include enlarged paratracheal lymph nodes, lymphoma, leiomyosarcomas, carcinoids, germ cell tumors, fibrosing mediastinitis, intrathoracic goiter, thymoma, and aortic aneurysm. (escholarship.org)
Timely diagnosis of superior vena cava syndrome and treatment of the underlying disease are critical, for increased cervical venous pressure can compromise the larynx and pharynx. (escholarship.org)
In the outpatient setting, recognizing the early cutaneous presentation of superior vena cava syndrome requires a high index of suspicion. (escholarship.org)
Clinical features of superior vena cava syndrome were evident only before commencement of chemotherapy. (snmjournals.org)
Common long-term complications include venous insufficiency with or without the postphlebitic syndrome. (merckmanuals.com)
Upper extremity DVT occasionally occurs as part of superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome (compression or invasion of the superior vena cava by a tumor and causing symptoms such as facial swelling, dilated neck veins, and facial flushing) or results from a hypercoagulable state or subclavian vein compression at the thoracic outlet. (merckmanuals.com)
Torres-Pérez ME, Huerta-Torres KG, Vargas-Ledo JF, "Catheter-related thrombosis of Superior Vena Cava in a patient with Superior Vena Cava Syndrome", Asp Biomed Clin Case Rep, vol.1, no.1: 33-39, 2018. (asploro.com)
Clinical superior vena cava syndrome manifestations remitted. (asploro.com)
Although thrombosis is a frequent manifestation in patients with blood coagulation alterations and patients with end stage chronic kidney disease, catheter-related thrombosis is a rare cause of thrombosis and superior vena cava syndrome whose must common cause is neoplastic. (asploro.com)
What is the most common cause of superior vena cava syndrome? (roshreview.com)
There were signs of local compression with dysphonia, respiratory distress, and superior vena cava syndrome with collateral venous circulation (Figure 1, Figure 2). (medscape.com)
The skin was fistulized and showed local signs of compression with superior vena cava syndrome with collateral venous circulation. (medscape.com)

RIGHT internal jugular vein central venous catheter placement is routine for cadaveric renal transplantation to assist intraoperative assessment of cardiac preload and intravascular volume status. (asahq.org)
Many patients with end-stage renal failure who advance to hemodialysis via an arteriovenous fistula have a period of dialysis via a tunneled central venous catheter often in the internal jugular vein. (asahq.org)
The authors report a case of concomitant arterial and venous pressure waveforms with correlating blood gas analysis measured via adjacent ports of a double lumen internal jugular venous catheter placed for cadaveric renal transplantation that was uniquely positioned within a superior vena cava stenosis. (asahq.org)
Ultrasound for Localization of Central Venous Catheter: A Good Alternative to Chest X-Ray? (magiran.com)
and a smaller 22 or 24 gauge intravenous catheter is used when a client only needs intravenous fluids and medication with their peripheral venous catheter. (registerednursing.org)
Central venous catheters can be advanced into the superior vena cava through a peripheral vein, as is the case with a peripherally inserted central venous catheter, or PICC, and also into the central venous system through the subclavian or jugular vein. (registerednursing.org)
The catheter is a long, thin tube that is advanced into the body in the veins until the internal tip of the catheter is in the superior vena cava, one of the central venous system veins that carries blood to the heart. (hss.edu)
The needle is then removed and the catheter is advanced through the vein over the guide wire to the superior vena cava. (hss.edu)
In spite of this catheter-related thrombosis is a relatively a common complication of central venous catheter insertion [ 3 ]. (asploro.com)
Central venous catheter use is ubiquitous in the end stage chronic disease patients who require hemodialysis treatment and often in patients with multiple risk factors for venous thromboembolism [ 3 ]. (asploro.com)
The central venous catheter was misplaced. (biomedcentral.com)
The attending anesthesiologist placed a central venous catheter (CVC) in the right internal jugular vein. (biomedcentral.com)
There was a very literal approach to USG for vessels, looking for documentation of vessel patency and currently requiring documentation to include the catheter tip terminus, in addition to the vessel insertion site, for Central Venous Catheters. (aceanesthesiapain.com)

Two patients developed thrombosis and occlusion of the superior vena cava, which was relieved by the development of a collateral venous circulation. (bmj.com)
Iatrogenic thrombosis associated with central venous catheters is the most frequent cause of intraluminal occlusion of the superior vena cava. (escholarship.org)
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is clotting of blood in a deep vein of an extremity (usually calf or thigh) or the pelvis. (merckmanuals.com)
Deep venous thrombosis usually begins in venous valve cusps. (merckmanuals.com)
The tomographic contrasted study demonstrated superior vena cava thrombosis. (asploro.com)
A computed tomography (CT) scan showed ischemia of the small intestines as a result of superior mesenteric vein thrombosis. (biomedcentral.com)

Furthermore, the venogram demonstrated occlusion of the superior vena cava. (ctsnet.org)
Originally described in 1757 by William Hunter in a patient afflicted with a saccular aneurysm of the ascending aorta secondary to syphilis [ 2 ], this condition is characterized by compromised blood flow in the vena cava because of extrinsic compression or intraluminal occlusion. (escholarship.org)
An emergency CT scan of the abdomen revealed occlusion of the distal superior mesenteric artery. (biomedcentral.com)

This is a rare and completely avoidable complication of central venous catheterization. (ispub.com)
Understand that code 36901 also encompasses catheterization and imaging of venous side branches, when necessary. (medlearn.com)

Extensive collateral pathways were visible in the right chest wall and neck, which shunted the systemic venous blood flow back to the right atrium. (snmjournals.org)
bed into the left ventricle, from where or intramyocardial, However, when a Most patients with calcification of it could reach any part of the body cyst is located in subendocardial en- the cyst wall remain asymptomatic for through systemic circulation [1-3]. (who.int)

Central venous stenosis and thromboses are frequent complications of prolonged and repeated central venous access in hemodialysis patients. (asahq.org)
this provides a picture of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) with four different patterns of distribution of stenosis and substitute circle. (bmj.com)
She was subsequently referred to thoracic surgery for evaluation of superior vena cava stenosis. (ctsnet.org)

The drainage through the extracranial venous outflow routes has not previously been investigated in MS patients. (bmj.com)
The SVC is the major drainage vessel for venous blood from the head, neck, upper extremities, and upper thorax. (medscape.com)
The superior vena cava (SVC) in the main conduit for venous drainage of the head, neck, upper extremities, and upper thorax, its main auxiliary vessel, the azygos vein, enters in the SVC just above the pericardial reflection, other collateral systems are the internal mammary veins and the esophageal vascular plexus. (asploro.com)
The tip of the CVC was located peripherally in the venous drainage of the left lung. (biomedcentral.com)

The structures initially seen from this perspective include the superior vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and aorta. (medscape.com)
Blood samples and four blood vessels, the aorta, superior vena cava, pulmonary vein and pulmonary artery, were obtained from 11 slaughtered sheep. (who.int)

According to the TCCS-ECD screening, patients and HAV-C further underwent selective venography of the azygous and jugular venous system with venous pressure measurement. (bmj.com)
Additionally, signs of plethora and cyanosis of the face were noted, with an increase in jugular venous pressure on cardiovascular examination. (frontiersin.org)
The technique is widely versatile and has been used to replace a number of venous passages of varying sizes including the internal jugular vein, portal vein, renal vein, and common femoral vein [2]. (ctsnet.org)
Fluid removal is based on intraperitoneal and intrathoracic superior vena cava pressure differentials and is performed via a pressure-sensitive one-way valve connected to a tube traversing the subcutaneous tissue of the chest wall to the neck where it enters the internal jugular vein and terminates in the superior vena cava. (harvard.edu)
The nearly occlusive thrombus in the superior vena cava extended into the right subclavian, right internal jugular, and left brachiocephalic veins. (snmjournals.org)

The extracranial venous outflow routes in clinically defined multiple sclerosis (CDMS) have not previously been investigated. (bmj.com)
Sixty-five patients affected by CDMS, and 235 controls composed, respectively, of healthy subjects, healthy subjects older than CDMS patients, patients affected by other neurological diseases and older controls not affected by neurological diseases but scheduled for venography (HAV-C) blindly underwent a combined transcranial and extracranial colour-Doppler high-resolution examination (TCCS-ECD) aimed at detecting at least two of five parameters of anomalous venous outflow. (bmj.com)
Posture and the mechanic movement of respiration play a fundamental role in ensuring the correct cerebrospinal venous outflow. (bmj.com)
We present the results of a study that evaluated the abnormalities of the cerebral venous outflow in patients with MS using ECD-TCCS and selective venography. (bmj.com)

1 The presence of a surgical upper extremity arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis can significantly alter flow patterns in regional vessels and both the arterial and venous circulation. (asahq.org)
US is excellent for screening for biliary, arterial, and venous problems. (medscape.com)

We describe a patient with a previously undiagnosed partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection along with a persistent left superior vena cava scheduled for routine coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). (northwestern.edu)

A transthoracic echocardiogram revealed an anomalous venous return to the coronary sinus without elevated right ventricular systolic pressures (30mmHg). (fortunejournals.com)

The diagnosis, partial anomalous pulmonary venous return, may pose a clinical therapeutic dilemma. (biomedcentral.com)
Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return is a potentially treatable cause of pulmonary hypertension. (biomedcentral.com)
We describe a coincidental finding of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) with pulmonary hypertension in the intensive care unit (ICU). (biomedcentral.com)
A subsequent contrast-enhanced CT scan demonstrated a left-sided partial anomalous pulmonary venous return. (biomedcentral.com)
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the lobar distribution and associated radiologic/clinical findings of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) in the adult population using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). (wustl.edu)

CT pulmonary angiography demonstrated the superior vena cava thrombus and the large right anterior mediastinal tumor ( Fig. 2 ). (snmjournals.org)
Coronal slices of CT pulmonary angiogram showing superior vena cava thrombus (arrow, A) and mediastinal tumor (arrow, B). (snmjournals.org)

Multiple intracardiac masses complicating peritoneo-venous (LeVeen) shunt. (harvard.edu)

This leads to elevated venous pressure and increased blood flow through collateral vessels. (escholarship.org)

Other complications of central venous cannulation are discussed elsewhere.6-8 We report the rare intravascular insertion of a complete guide wire. (ispub.com)

The location of venous obstructions plays a key role in determining the clinical course of the disease. (bmj.com)
Superior vena cava obstructions are usually due to malignancy ( 2 - 4 ) but are also seen infrequently in benign conditions such as inflammation, trauma, coagulopathies, and indwelling catheters with insidious progression allowing various collateral pathways to develop ( 5 ). (snmjournals.org)

The first and most important pathway is the azygous venous system, which includes the azygos vein, the hemiazygos vein, and the connecting intercostal veins. (medscape.com)

A 49-year-old female following transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) to investigate an undiagnosed cardiac murmur and progressive dyspnea on exertion was found to have isolated left-sided anomalous pulmonary venous connection of all veins draining into the coronary sinus. (fortunejournals.com)
The internal wall of the right atrium is composed of a smooth posterior portion (into which the vena cavae and coronary sinus drain) and a ridgelike, muscular anterior portion. (medscape.com)
The coronary sinus drains coronary venous blood into the anteroinferior portion of the right atrium. (medscape.com)

Percutaneous central venous puncture is a procedure requiring advanced operating skills, expert supervision, and meticulous attention to detail. (ispub.com)
Venous access can be done with a peripheral intravenous device and a central venous access device. (registerednursing.org)
Central venous catheters are inserted into the right atrium of the heart through the central venous superior vena cava. (registerednursing.org)
1-2 Continuous, real-time monitoring of central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO 2 ) offers early recognition of critical changes in oxygen delivery that may not be identified by less sensitive indicators, such as traditional vital signs or intermittent sampling. (edwards.com)
During a recent audit, it was discovered that UHC is currently scrutinizing Central Venous Access Procedures. (aceanesthesiapain.com)

Pathologic findings in liver biopsy are (1) high-grade venous congestion and centrilobular liver cell atrophy, and, possibly, (2) thrombi within the terminal hepatic venules. (medscape.com)

Mean platelet volume (MPV) as a predictor of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in colorectal cancer. (europeanvenousforum.org)
The agreement between Caprini and Department of Health venous thromboembolism risk scores in urological patients. (europeanvenousforum.org)

Venous pressure as high as 200-500 cm H 2 O has been recorded in patients with severe SVCS. (medscape.com)

Blood is withdrawn with a syringe vertically and a descending column of nonpulsatile flow should be observed in the tubing to confirm venous placement. (asahq.org)

VTE assessment scoring in patients undergoing superficial venous intervention. (europeanvenousforum.org)

Further examination of the patient often reveals suffusion, cyanosis, and edema of the head, tongue, oral and nasal mucosa, neck, chest, and upper abdomen owing to venous congestion in the upper body. (escholarship.org)

redirection of venous flow to the vertebral veins (VVs) occurs in the upright position, with compliant reduction of the CSA of the IJV. (bmj.com)
The long thoracic venous system, with its connections to the femoral veins and vertebral veins, provides the third and fourth collateral routes, respectively. (medscape.com)

Another laparotomy was performed, and a thrombectomy of the superior mesenteric artery was carried out, together with a revision of the anastomosis of the bowels. (biomedcentral.com)

The fetus is particularly susceptible to interstitial fluid accumulation because of its greater capillary permeability, compliant interstitial compartments, and vulnerability to venous pressure on lymphatic return. (medscape.com)
Increased venous pressure contributes to edema and effusion by increasing the capillary hydrostatic pressure and decreasing the lymphatic return. (medscape.com)
DVT results from conditions that impair venous return, lead to endothelial injury or dysfunction, or cause hypercoagulability. (merckmanuals.com)
An obstructed SVC initiates collateral venous return to the heart from the upper half of the body through four principal pathways. (medscape.com)

[ 8 ] Venous congestion of the liver causes hepatomegaly, which can stretch the liver capsule and be very painful. (medscape.com)

Ultrasound was not used to confirm venous position of the guidewire. (asahq.org)
This narrative review describes the main applications of de la ultrasonografía en ultrasound in anesthesia, ultrasound-guided techniques, and current trends in the perioperative anesthetic management of anestesia the surgical patient. (bvsalud.org)

Malignant causes included primary or secondary cardiac tumors, lung cancer, mediastinal tumors, or lymphoma, which may obstruct or compress the superior vena cava. (frontiersin.org)

Anatomy32

Organisms2

Diseases45

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment62

Phenomena and Processes11

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science1

Health Care8

Inferior12

Obstruction16

Deep vein throm2

Syndrome20

Catheter13

Thrombosis6

Occlusion3

Catheterization2

Systemic2

Stenosis3

Drainage4

Aorta2

Jugular5

Outflow4

Arterial2

Persistent1

Anomalous venous1

Partial5

Thrombus2

Shunt1

Blood flow through collateral1

Complications1

Obstructions2

Azygous1

Sinus3

Central5

Hepatic1

Thromboembolism2

SVCS1

Placement1

Superficial1

Neck1

Veins2

Artery1

Return4

Congestion1

Ultrasound2

Mediastinal1