• In Latin America, the major prevalence is due to snakes of the family Viperidae , where rattlesnakes ( Crotalus ) are included. (mdpi.com)
  • South American rattlesnakes are represented in Brazil by a single species, Crotalus durissus, which has public health importance due to the severity of its envenomation and to its wide geographical distribution. (bvsalud.org)
  • If you would like to explore more about the world and history of rattlesnakes, go ahead and read the interesting facts about other rattlesnake subspecies too such as the ring-necked snake and the timber rattlesnake . (kidadl.com)
  • Here we discuss the methods for extraction from South American Rattlesnakes, Crotalus durissus terrificus. (kyreptilezoo.com)
  • Convulxin is a snake venom toxin found in a tropical rattlesnake known as Crotalus durissus terrificus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Crotalus durissus terrificus is called by many names - tropical rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus, and cascavel or cascabel, as it is called in Brazil. (kidadl.com)
  • Crotalus durissus terrificus snake venom and its major toxin, crotoxin or type II PLA2 (CB) subunit of this toxin, modulates immune and inflammatory responses, interfering with the activity of leukocytes. (fapesp.br)
  • SVEVs isolated from lyophilized venoms collected from four different species of snakes ( Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix , Crotalus atrox , Crotalus viridis and Crotalus cerberus oreganus ) were analyzed by mass spectrometry-based proteomic, which allowed the identification of proteins belonging to eight main functional protein classes such as SVMPs, serine proteinases, PLA 2 , LAAO, 5′nucleotidase, C-type lectin, CRISP and Disintegrin. (nature.com)
  • For some species of snakes local signs of envenoming are a reliable parameter for possible systemic envenoming, while for other species they provide no indication at all. (vapaguide.info)
  • In this regard, much effort by the Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP) has been made to produce a new fibrin sealant that uses a serine protease from a Brazilian snake ( Crotalus durissus terrificus ) with thrombin-like activity. (hindawi.com)
  • Due to the importance of such data for evaluating the quality and efficiency of fibrin gel formulations on its use as a scaffold, this study sought to analyze the heterologous fibrin sealant developed from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus using studies in ovine experimental models. (scite.ai)
  • Toxins with hemorrhagic and myonecrotic activity are generally found in the venoms of the Viperidae family due to synergic action of proteolytic enzymes, such as metalloproteinases and serine proteinases 4 . (nature.com)
  • In this work, a general biochemical characterization in snake venom of serine proteases (SVSP), phospholipases A 2 (PLA 2 ), metalloproteases (SVMP) and hyaluronidases (SVH) of Crotalus aquilus (Ca), Crotalus polystictus (Cp) and Crotalus molossus nigrescens (Cmn) was done. (mdpi.com)
  • Venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes share similarity in structure and catalytic function with mammalian enzymes. (fapesp.br)
  • Immunoblotting and ELISA tests showed that IgG anti-crotalic PLA2 recognize antigens of bothropic venoms. (scielo.org)
  • Indirect hemolytic activity tests showed that the quantity of antibodies that neutralized 50% of Crotalus durissus terrificus venom (ED50: 2.1 mg IgG anti-crotalic PLA2/100 µg of venom) were also able to neutralize venom from other snakes in the following proportion: 34% of B. alternatus, 18% of B. diporus and 12% of B. jararacussu. (scielo.org)
  • This study presents original data concerning cross-reactions between bothropic venoms from Argentina and IgG anti-crotalic PLA2. (scielo.org)
  • venom profile, regardless of the subspecies, as evidenced by PLA2 isoforms complexity, which may explain the increase in venom neurotoxicity from Northeastern through Southern Brazil reported for the species. (bvsalud.org)
  • Unlike the snakes of North America, the rattlesnake species are fast and deadly. (kidadl.com)
  • The fibrin gel obtained from the venom of the Crotalus durissus terrificus snake, a rattlesnake, contains serinoprotease, a protein in the venom that has been characterized as thrombin-like and acts in a similar manner as thrombin. (scite.ai)
  • The C. durissus is a neotropical rattlesnake, appearing as dangerous as it is. (kidadl.com)
  • The South American rattlesnake is a snake. (kidadl.com)
  • In addition, in a myotoxic activity neutralization test, measured by plasma activity of creatine kinase, 35% of B. alternatus venom and 26% of B. diporus venom were neutralized, while no neutralization was detected with B. jararacussu venom. (scielo.org)
  • Comparison between venom molecules is also difficult when different techniques are used, and therefore, their identification/characterization using the same methodology is necessary. (mdpi.com)
  • These studies describe new compounds from toad poison and snake and scorpion venoms using different approaches for their isolation and structural and functional characterization, aiming at the discovery of new candidate molecules. (jvat.org)
  • In this context, we described a comparative compositional and functional characterization of individual C. d. collilineatus and C. d. terrificus venoms from three Brazilian states. (bvsalud.org)
  • Results: The protein profile of individual venoms from C. d. collilineatus and C. d. terrificus showed a comparable overall composition, despite some intraspecific variation, especially regarding crotamine and LAAO. (bvsalud.org)
  • In Brazil, the venoms of C. d. terrificus and C. d. collilineatus are used for hyperimmunization of horses for antivenom production, even though the distinction of these two subspecies are mostly by their geographical distribution. (bvsalud.org)
  • The neutralising capacity of the available antivenoms with regard to those venom components that possess haemorrhagic and myonecrotic activity is most probably small, as these effects occur rapidly after the injection of venom (Gutierrez 1990). (vapaguide.info)
  • The C. durissus belongs to the reptile class. (kidadl.com)
  • All the venomous species have a venom gland that synthesizes, stores and secretes a complex mixture of biological molecules including proteins. (nature.com)
  • venoms, from snakes found in the northeast of Argentina. (scielo.org)
  • The Crotalus durrisus lives in the southwestern part of America like Argentina, Peru, Bolivia, and even some parts of Southern Canada. (kidadl.com)
  • Animal's and microorganisms' secretions, as well as plant extracts, have been used as folk medicine since the dawn of the humanity [ 1 ].Therefore, molecules found in poisons and venoms are interesting, once they were selected by evolution to act in their molecular targets with high specificity [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Convulxin is part of the snake venom C-type lectin family, a group of hemorrhagic toxins that disrupt body homeostasis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The venom (not poison) is primarily neurotoxic, which affects the nervous system and causes blindness, paralysis, and death. (tulsazoo.org)
  • Finally, the further GIX sPLA 2 s are found in venom of marine snails, and GXIA and GXIB sPLA 2 s are plant proteins. (ijbs.com)
  • Methods: We compared the compositional patterns of C. d. terrificus and C. d. collilineatus individual venoms by 1-DE and RP-HPLC. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study shows that proteins can be secreted and confined in snake venom extracellular vesicles (SVEVs) presenting a size distribution between 50 nm and 500 nm. (nature.com)
  • This study evaluated the use of fibrin glue derived from snake venom in the healing process after canine hysterorrhaphy. (scite.ai)
  • The fibrin gel developed from the venom of this snake was shown to act as a safe, stable, and durable scaffold for up to seven days, without causing adverse side effects. (scite.ai)
  • Tourniquets can cause local swelling and mimic local venom effects. (vapaguide.info)
  • Animal poisons and venoms are sources of biomolecules naturally selected. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Snakes are of great human interest due to the existence of many dangerously venomous species which are responsible for tens of thousands of human deaths per year 3 . (nature.com)
  • Importantly, our data point to a geographical variation of C. durissus ssp. (bvsalud.org)
  • They produce hemotoxic venom which causes bleeding, tissue degradation and necrosis. (mdpi.com)
  • Each scale has a raised center ridge called a "keel" which gives the snake a rough appearance. (tulsazoo.org)
  • The Crotalus durissus has a robust appearance - long and tall with diamond patterns extending from its head to its back, standing at a length of approximately 3.2 ft (1 m). (kidadl.com)
  • The snake C-type lectin convulxin was reported to activate platelets in a similar way to collagen in the late 1970s, but this was only announced after the discovery of the association with the FcR γ-chain and after it was recognized to mediate activation through GPVI. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, the molecular function of some of the described proteins suggests a central role for SVEVs in the cytotoxicity of the snake venom and sheds new light in the envenomation process. (nature.com)