Vectors viruses whose genome diarrhea viruses bovine viral. Medical search. Frequent questions

The genome encodes a single polyprotein with multiple transmembrane domains that is cleaved, by both host and viral proteases, into structural and non-structural proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Although the phylogenetic analysis suggested that these two recombinant EV-Gs have independently evolved, type 1 recombinant EV-G might have served as a helper virus by providing viral structural proteins for dissemination of the type 2 recombinant EV-G. (bvsalud.org)
Processing of the viral polyprotein is achieved cotranslationally by viral encoded proteases , giving rise to the different mature viral proteins. (bionity.com)
Viral RNA as well as viral proteins interact with different components of the host cell, acting as key determinants of viral pathogenesis. (bionity.com)
The arteriviruses are highly species specific, but share many biological and molecular properties, including virion morphology, a unique set of structural proteins, genome organization and replication strategy, and the ability to establish prolonged or true persistent infection in their natural hosts. (bionity.com)
Both viral and cellular proteins are required for replication and transcription. (bionity.com)
Cell macromolecular synthesis may be controlled after CoV infection by locating some virus proteins in the host cell nucleus. (bionity.com)
Viral and host proteases split this polyprotein into 10 proteins . (microbiologynote.com)
Bender C, Hall H, Huang J, Klimov A, Subbarao K. Characterization of the surface proteins of influenza A (H5N1) viruses isolated from humans in 1997-1998. (unt.edu)
Both termini of the genomic contain sequences that do not encode viral proteins, known as the 5′ and the 3′ untranslated region. (biomedcentral.com)
Vaccination may be with attenuated or inactivated virus, or with viral proteins produced by genetic engineering techniques. (justia.com)
Influenza viruses belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family and are characterized by a segmented viral genome consisting of eight single stranded RNA fragments of negative polarity encoding 10 proteins [ 27 ]. (vetres.org)
They are called coronaviruses because the virus particle exhibits a characteristic 'corona' (crown) of spike proteins around its lipid envelope. (zoonotic-diseases.org)
The present article is based on the large amount of sequence data accumulated in these years and focuses on the viral nucleic acids and proteins and their function. (pdfroom.com)
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) induce a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and anogenital cancers, particularly cervical cancer (CC). The major viral proteins that contribute to tumorigene. (biomedcentral.com)
Grapevine fanleaf virus RNA1-encoded proteins 1A and 1BHel suppress RNA silencing. (harvard.edu)
Proteins found in any species of virus. (lookformedical.com)
Proteins associated with the inner surface of the lipid bilayer of the viral envelope. (lookformedical.com)
These proteins have been implicated in control of viral transcription and may possibly serve as the "glue" that binds the nucleocapsid to the appropriate membrane site during viral budding from the host cell. (lookformedical.com)
Once the provirus is integrated into the host cell DNA, it is transcribed using typical cellular mechanisms to produce viral proteins and genetic material. (msdmanuals.com)

Earlier studies suggest that the strains found in humans resulted from interspecies transmission and reassortment between human and bovine rotavirus strains. (scielo.br)
Mouse coronaviruses, also known as mouse hepatitis viruses (MHVs), are histologically classified as respiratory strains such as MHV-1, MHV-2, MHV-3, MHV-A59, and MHV-JHM as well as enterophilic strains such as MHV-y and MHV-R1. (hindawi.com)
Measles virus infection in rhesus macaques: altered immune responses and comparison of the virulence of six different strains. (unt.edu)
In the 1990s, however, newer molecular techniques to amplify, sequence, and express the genome of NLV strains allowed researchers to genetically and antigenically characterize NLV strains. (medscape.com)
monoclonal antibodies were derived against the sa11 simian, nic bovine, and wa human rotavirus strains and characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, plaque neutralization, and hemagglutination inhibition. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Between 1968 and 2002, 606 strains including 10 human ZIKV strains were isolated in Central and West Africa countries and reported by the WHO Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fever of Pasteur Institute in Dakar [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, animals firstly infected with SwH1N1 virus and latter infected with pH1N1 exhibited undetectable viral RNA load in nasal swabs and lungs after challenge with pH1N1, indicating a cross-protective effect between both strains. (vetres.org)
Influenza viruses circulating in swine are closely related to the human H1N1 and H3N2 strains and reports of sporadic cross-species transfer of swine and avian influenza viruses to humans have been documented repeatedly during recent decades [ 18 ]. (vetres.org)
The most virulent and commonly isolated strains belong to serogroup A and are known to cause acute infectious diarrhea in children, as well as various domestic mammalian and avian species. (news-medical.net)
Serogroup B has been mainly associated with diarrhea in neonatal lambs, whereas Serogroup E strains have been isolated only from pigs. (news-medical.net)
Due to the ability of the virus to overcome the barriers between species, it is also clear that animal strains may act as a natural source of viral genomes, thus promoting mutations and creating new viral genotypes with unknown virulence. (news-medical.net)
Phylogenetic analyses of the rotavirus genome expose repeated intersections between the evolution of human and animal rotavirus strains, possibly as a consequence of multiple events of transmission between various animal species. (news-medical.net)
Two distinct strains of virus, one in Europe and one in the United States, were characterized as genetically different but are clinically similar in most respects. (iastate.edu)
Strains of PRRS virus vary markedly in virulence. (iastate.edu)
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a viral disease of cats caused by certain strains of a virus called feline coronavirus. (jivanbio.com)

Coronavirus (CoV) genome replication takes place in the cytoplasm in a membrane-protected microenvironment, and starts with the translation of the genome to produce the viral replicase. (bionity.com)
A high abundance of bovine nidovirus, influenza D, bovine rhinitis A and bovine coronavirus was found in the samples. (biomedcentral.com)
The coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) infects mice and serves as an ideal model of viral pathogenesis, mainly because experiments can be conducted using animal-biosafety level-2 (A-BSL2) containment. (hindawi.com)
A coronavirus, named 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease (2019-nCoV), was identified as the causative virus by Chinese authorities on 7 January 2020. (zoonotic-diseases.org)

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. (wikipedia.org)
Replication follows the positive-stranded RNA virus replication model. (wikipedia.org)
In addition research into animal viruses has made an important contribution to our understanding of viruses in general, their replication, molecular biology , evolution and interaction with the host. (bionity.com)
Measles virus induces persistent infection by autoregulation of viral replication. (tci-thaijo.org)
We found that rhT β 4 significantly increased the survival rate of mice infected with MHV-A59 through inhibiting virus replication, balancing the host's immune response, alleviating pathological damage, and promoting repair of the liver. (hindawi.com)
Replication of the viral RNA takes place inside the nucleus. (biologydiscussion.com)
Fetal equine dermal (Given) cells are vunerable to EIAV in vitro, as well as the replication of EIAV in Given cells transiently transfected with ELR1-IN was markedly decreased in comparison to replication in cells transfected using the unfilled vector. (angiogenesis-blog.com)
An RNA-based system to study hepatitis B virus replication and evaluate antivirals. (harvard.edu)
In eukaryotes, subsequent activation and viral replication is thought to be caused by extracellular stimulation of cellular transcription factors. (lookformedical.com)
Some viruses have an outer envelope consisting of protein and lipid, surrounding a protein capsid complex with genomic RNA or DNA and sometimes enzymes needed for the first steps of viral replication. (msdmanuals.com)
Classification of viruses is principally according to their genome sequence taking into consideration nature and structure of their genome and their method of replication, but not according to the diseases they cause (see International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), 2021 release ). (msdmanuals.com)
Certain single-strand, (+) sense RNA viruses termed retroviruses use a very different method of replication. (msdmanuals.com)

The teratogenic effects in ruminants are hypothesized to reflect virus circulation in late summer/early autumn 2011, leading to intrauterine infection with SBV during a specific period of gestation ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
Predominance of BoCD8-positive T lymphocytes in vascular lesions in a 1-year-old cow with concurrent malignant catarrhal fever and bovine viral diarrhea virus infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Soon after infection, the single stranded positive RNA that constitutes the viral genome is efficiently translated using a cap-independent mechanism driven by the internal ribosome entry site element (IRES). (bionity.com)
However, the epidemiology and pathogenesis of the infection caused by each virus is distinct, as are the diseases they cause. (bionity.com)
Ethnicity and route of HCV infection can influence the associations of HLA with viral clearance in an ethnically heterogeneous population. (tci-thaijo.org)
Glycoprotein D is essential for virus penetration into permissive cells and thus is a major target for virus neutralizing antibodies during infection. (biomedcentral.com)
The Japanese encephalitis virus causes Japanese encephalitis (JE), an infection of the brain (JEV). (microbiologynote.com)
The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1988 through 1994. (unt.edu)
the finding of extra rna fragments with respect to the regular 11 genome segments suggests the possibility of simultaneous or sequential infection by more than one electropherotype in a single diarrhea event or occurrence of modification in the length of the rna segments during an infection. (liverpool.ac.uk)
virus-specific immunity in neonatal and adult mouse rotavirus infection. (liverpool.ac.uk)
mouse rotavirus (epizootic diarrhea of infant mice) was used as a model to study the role of virus-specific immunity in infection and diarrheal disease. (liverpool.ac.uk)
ZIKV infection diagnosis relies on serology-which is challenging due to cross-reactions with other flaviviruses and/or absence or low titer of IgM and IgG antibodies at early phase of infection- virus isolation, which is labor intensive, time consuming and requires appropriate containment. (biomedcentral.com)
The non-specific clinical presentation can be confused with most other arboviruses particularly dengue and chikungunya virus infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Staehelin suggested that an animal could be protected against viral infection by inserting a gene encoding the Mx protein into that animal, preferably at the single cell embryo stage. (justia.com)
LPS is usually associated with bacterial infection, polyI:C is usually associated with viral contamination, and CpG is usually associated with both bacterial and viral infections. (cancercurehere.com)
SBV genome was detected in all vaccinated animals and 3 out of 4 controls in serum samples taken after challenge infection. (biomedcentral.com)
As a result, viral receptors over the cell membrane offer binding sites for the trojan and so are also mixed up in structural modulation of viral envelopes, resulting in the fusion Pseudouridimycin from the viral and mobile membranes and virion entrance, the first step in viral an infection of focus on cells [2]. (angiogenesis-blog.com)
However, pigs inoculated with SwH1N1 virus and subsequently infected with pH1N1 had very mild lung lesions, apparently attributed to the remaining lesions caused by SwH1N1 infection. (vetres.org)
The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). (lookformedical.com)
However, field observation suggests that most infected pigs eventually become immune, then cease to shed virus by 60 days post-infection. (iastate.edu)
FeCV-infected cats generally do not show any symptoms during the initial viral infection, but may occasionally experience brief episodes of diarrhoea and/or mild upper respiratory symptoms from which they recover spontaneously. (jivanbio.com)
FeCV-infected cats typically mount an immune response whereby antibodies against the virus are produced within 7 to 10 days of infection. (jivanbio.com)

Subunit, DNA and vectored vaccine candidates have been developed using this glycoprotein as the primary antigen, demonstrating that gD has the capacity to induce robust virus neutralizing antibodies and strong cell-mediated immune responses, as well as protection from clinical symptoms, in target species. (biomedcentral.com)
Mapping geographical areas at risk for tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) by analysing bulk tank milk from Swedish dairy cattle herds for the presence of TBE virus-specific antibodies [Article]. (sva.se)
In the 1970s and 1980s, typing of Norwalk-like virus (NLV) relied solely on immunologic methods involving human clinical samples as the source of antigens and antibodies. (medscape.com)
Current, antibody-based diagnostical methods utilize antibodies against histamine raised by conjugating histamine to a large immunogenic protein carrier, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) or ovalbumin (OVA) via its primary amine group. (justia.com)
2012. Prevalence of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea virus in bulk tank milk and associated risk factors in Scottish dairy herds . (hutton.ac.uk)
Prevalence of peste des petits ruminants virus antibodies in sheep and goats sera from. (aosis.co.za)

They are primarily spread through arthropod vectors (mainly ticks and mosquitoes). (wikipedia.org)
Global trade as well as climate changes can contribute to pathogen transmission, e.g. through import of infected vectors or expansion of habitats for arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes and midges. (honours.eu)

As the results, 12 pathogens (5 virus and 7 bacteria) were detected and porcine reproductive and respiratory virus US strain, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Haemophilus parasuis, and porcine cytomegalovirus were detected at high frequency. (bvsalud.org)
Bovine respiratory disease has a complex aetiology that includes a combination of stressors, individual host factors and a varying number of pathogens. (biomedcentral.com)
While some viruses and bacteria have been widely studied and are known to be an important component of the respiratory complex, novel, emerging or unrecognised pathogens are not easily detected because they are not routinely considered in the differential diagnosis or laboratory diagnostic assays are not available. (biomedcentral.com)
The viral envelope glycoprotein D from bovine herpesviruses 1 and 5 (BoHV-1 and -5), two important pathogens of cattle, is a major component of the virion and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of herpesviruses. (biomedcentral.com)
Viruses in genogroups I, II, and IV are primarily human pathogens, although genogroup II contains a porcine-specific virus. (medscape.com)
To develop new and more effective indicators of waterborne pathogens it is important to better understand how both evolution and ecology interact with the genomes and natural history of waterborne pathogens and their indicators, if different from themselves. (nationalacademies.org)

Type 1 recombinant EV-Gs are detected in pig feces in Japan, USA, and Belgium and carry the PLPC gene at the junction site of 2C/3A genes, while PLPC gene replaces the viral structural genes in type 2 recombinant EV-G detected in pig feces in a Chinese farm. (bvsalud.org)
We identified a novel type 2 recombinant EV-G carrying the PLCP gene with flanking sequences in place of the viral structural genes in pig feces in Japan. (bvsalud.org)
The availability of the AlHV-1 BAC is an important advance for the study of MCF that will allow the identification of viral genes involved in MCF pathogenesis, as well as the production of attenuated recombinant candidate vaccines. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Three structural genes are involved in antigenicity because they are expressed on the virus and involved in the development of capsids: core (C), pre membrane (prM), and envelope (E). The E gene is the most significant and extensively researched of the three. (microbiologynote.com)
Conclusion】 In this study, we completed the whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of the multi-drug resistant strain GD2107, fully understood the structure and function of the genome of the strain, and explored the related genes in drug resistance and pathogenic mechanism. (chvm.net)
There is now increasing evidence that animal rotaviruses can infect humans, either through direct transmission of the virus or by contributing one or several genes to reassortants with essentially a human strain genetic background. (news-medical.net)
Nuclear antigens encoded by VIRAL GENES found in HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 4. (lookformedical.com)

The virus was tentatively named alfalfa-associated potyvirus 1, as its genomic fragments bore similarities with potyvirids. (biomedcentral.com)
The genome of this pathogen, consisting of 11 segments of double-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA), is characterized by genetic variability including point mutations, genomic reassortment, and genome rearrangements that lead to its considerable diversity. (news-medical.net)
Negative-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded negative-sense genome that first must synthesize a complementary positive-sense antigenome, which is then used to make genomic negative-sense RNA. (msdmanuals.com)

The nucleocapsid also encloses a single-stranded RNA genome with positive polarity, which is approximately 11kb long. (microbiologynote.com)
Positive-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded RNA genome that can serve as messenger RNA (mRNA) that can be directly translated to produce an amino acid sequence. (msdmanuals.com)

In November 2011, scientists in Germany identified novel viral sequences in serum from cattle affected by a febrile syndrome that was reported during August-September 2011 in Germany and the Netherlands. (cdc.gov)
However, porcine reproductive and respiratory virus is known to have a high frequency of genetic mutations, and the primer and probe sequences will need to be checked at a considerable frequency when performing Dempo-PCR from field samples. (bvsalud.org)
Additionally, we obtained the complete or near-complete genome of bovine rhinitis B, enterovirus E1, bovine viral diarrhea virus (sub-genotypes 1a and 1c) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and partial sequences of other viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
The sequencing of the human genome revealed that at least 1% of the human genome consists of endogenous retroviral sequences, representing past encounters with retroviruses during the course of human evolution. (msdmanuals.com)
Summary: Comparative genomics remains a pivotal strategy to study the evolution of gene organization, and this primacy is reinforced by the growing number of full genome sequences available in public repositories. (omictools.com)

This process occurs concomitantly with the inhibition of cellular protein synthesis, caused by the expression of viral proteases. (bionity.com)

molecular cloning of double-stranded rna virus genomes. (liverpool.ac.uk)
genome double-stranded rnas isolated from purified human reovirus (serotype 3) and rotavirus (wa strain) were modified at the 3' termini by addition of oligo(c) approximately 15 with t4 rna ligase. (liverpool.ac.uk)
The rotavirus genome consists of 11 segments of double-stranded RNA enclosed in a double-shelled capsid. (medscape.com)
Retroviruses use reverse transcription to create a double-stranded DNA copy (a provirus) of their RNA genome, which is inserted into the genome of their host cell. (msdmanuals.com)

BoHV-1 is a pathogen of cattle associated with two major syndromes, called infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Development and evaluation of a core genome multilocus sequence typing scheme for Paenibacillus larvae, the deadly American foulbrood pathogen of honeybees [Article]. (sva.se)
Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito borne flavivirus is a pathogen affecting humans in Asia and Africa. (biomedcentral.com)
Schmallenberg virus (SBV), an arthropod borne pathogen, spread rapidly throughout the majority of Europe since 2011. (biomedcentral.com)
To improve our understanding of this important human pathogen, the C. jejuni NCTC11168 genome was sequenced and published in 2000. (omictools.com)

In this study, these difficulties were overcome by cloning the entire AlHV-1 genome as a stable, infectious and pathogenic bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC). (microbiologyresearch.org)
Cloning and mutagenesis of the murine gammaherpesvirus 68 genome as an infectious bacterial artificial chromosome. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The whole genome of bacterial DNA was sequenced by whole genome sequencing (WGS) method.Based on Illumina NovaSeq and PacBio SequeI sequencing platforms,the whole genome sequencing results were analyzed by gene function annotation and bioinformatics analysis (including basic genome information,functional element analysis and subsystem analysis,etc. (chvm.net)
Viruses depend completely on cells (bacterial, plant, or animal) to reproduce. (msdmanuals.com)
We validated the algorithm's predictions by characterizing 646 genetic system variants, encoded in plasmids and genomes, expressed in six gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial hosts. (omictools.com)

This review highlights the structural and functional characteristics of BoHV-1, BoHV-5 and where appropriate, Human herpesvirus gD, as well as its role in viral entry and interactions with host cell receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
Important prototypes of this family comprise human herpesviruses, such as Human herpesvirus (HHV)-1 and -2 (known as herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and -2), and animal herpesviruses. (biomedcentral.com)

The study of MCF pathogenesis has been impeded by an inability to produce recombinant virus, mainly due to the fact that AlHV-1 becomes attenuated during passage in culture. (microbiologyresearch.org)
In depth knowledge of the molecular basis of the viral cycle is needed to control viral pathogenesis and disease spreading. (bionity.com)

The study of animal viruses is important from a veterinary viewpoint and many of these viruses cause diseases that are economically devastating. (bionity.com)
Pestiviruses account for important diseases in animals such as Classical swine fever (CSF) and Bovine viral diarrhoea / Mucosal disease (BVD/MD). According to the current O.I.E. list CSF and BVD/MD are notifiable diseases and eradication programms are administered in many countries worldwide. (bionity.com)
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most common diseases in intensively managed cattle, often resulting in high morbidity and mortality. (biomedcentral.com)
Significant viral diseases in cattle are infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza, bovine viral diarrhea, rabies, and foot and mouth disease. (justia.com)
Poultry production is hampered by Marek's disease, Newcastle disease, infectious bursal disease, and infectious bronchitis, all of which are viral diseases. (justia.com)
Data on the circulation of the virus among animals and its role in infectious diseases insufficient. (crie.ru)
Veterinary science with focus on diseases and disease vectors of livestock and wildlife on the continent of Africa. (aosis.co.za)
Coronaviruses are a large family of RNA (ribonucleic acid) viruses that are known to cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). (zoonotic-diseases.org)
However, these avian rotaviruses can also cause several diseases in poultry with symptoms of diarrhea, growth retardation, or runting and stunting syndromes. (news-medical.net)
Virus diseases caused by the HERPESVIRIDAE. (lookformedical.com)
A general term for diseases produced by viruses. (lookformedical.com)
The virus often appears to interact with other pathogenic viruses, bacteria and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae to magnify severity of diseases. (iastate.edu)

Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral envelope protein E to host receptors, which mediates clathrin-mediated endocytosis. (wikipedia.org)
The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency-associated transcript (LAT) protects cells against cold-shock-induced apoptosis by maintaining phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT). (tci-thaijo.org)
The virus has a small lipoprotein envelope that surrounds a nucleocapsid composed of core protein . (microbiologynote.com)
February 12, 1987) observed inhibition of influenza virus in NIH 3T3 mouse cells genetically modified to express the mouse protein Mx. (justia.com)
In this context, sneezing, coughing, diarrhea, vomiting can be appreciated as protective immune mechanisms to get rid of foreign protein or other matter, while foreign material that gets past into the body is deconstructed by the gut and fever is stimulated as a means to weaken or destroy it. (blogs.com)
Printed in Great Britain Key words: coronaviruses/genome expression/protein structure REVIEW ARTICLE Coronaviruses: Structure and Genome Expression By W. SPAAN, 1. (pdfroom.com)
He presented his findings on recombinant expression and purification of the viral nucleoprotein and its structural resolution through cryo-electron microscopy, identifying established and novel protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions. (honours.eu)
SP reduced CVB induced phosphorylation of activating Panobinostat molecular weight kinase inhibitor transcription component , but didn't alter CVB viral protein synthesis, viral progeny release, cell death, or caspase activation in infected cells. (vegfrinhibitors.com)

In view of its role in the induction of protective immunity, gD has been tested in new vaccine development strategies against both viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
Human AdV-20-42-42, a Promising Novel Adenoviral Vector for Gene Therapy and Vaccine Product Development [Article]. (sva.se)
Measles inclusion body encephalitis caused by the vaccine strain of measles virus. (unt.edu)
Animals of group 1 (C01-C04) were immunized intramuscularly twice 4 weeks apart with 3 mL of a trivalent inactivated vaccine for AKAV, AINOV and CHUV (Nisseiken Bovine Abnormal Parturition Trivalent Inactivated Vaccine, Nisseiken Co., Ltd, Japan). (biomedcentral.com)
But typically, it takes between four to five years to develop a vaccine for a new virus. (zoonotic-diseases.org)

The virus, named Schmallenberg virus (SBV), was isolated from blood of affected cattle, and similar clinical manifestations were observed in experimentally infected calves ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
This study highlights the use of untargeted sequencing approaches to study the unrecognised range of microorganisms present in healthy or diseased animals and the need to study previously uncultured viral species that may have an important role in cattle respiratory disease. (biomedcentral.com)
While the severity of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) varies, it can account for up to 70% of the mortality observed in intensive beef production systems (i.e., feedlot cattle) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Serological and molecular study of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in cattle from selected districts in Uganda [Article]. (sva.se)
Cattle that have been fed material that includes nervous tissue are at increased risk of having bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). (scienceopen.com)
Similarly, the housing of camels indoors with cattle increases the risk that the camels will acquire bovine tuberculosis. (scienceopen.com)
Most of these viruses refer to segments isolated from cattle or pigs, which have been detected primarily in developing countries with a close cohabitation of humans and animals. (news-medical.net)

Persistent and transient hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections in children born to HBV-infected mothers despite active and passive vaccination. (tci-thaijo.org)
Multiple virus infections in the honey bee and genome divergence of honey bee viruses. (tci-thaijo.org)
Symptomatic infections typically manifest as non-specific febrile illnesses with diarrhea, rigors, headache, vomiting, decreased level of consciousness, aseptic meningitis, or encephalitis as well as other symptoms. (microbiologynote.com)
Viral infections in agricultural animals represent a major economic loss for farmers and ranchers. (justia.com)
In 1981, over $500,000,000 was spent to treat agricultural animals against viral infections and the economic loss to agriculture resulting from viral disease is substantially greater that this cost. (justia.com)

DIVA vaccines include genetically engineered gene-deleted viruses, for example gE − virus, and subunit or vectored vaccines based on a viral envelope glycoprotein such as gD. (biomedcentral.com)
It is an infectious, single-stranded RNA-based virus with an envelope. (microbiologynote.com)
Introduction For some retroviruses, the viral envelope binds to receptors within a pH-independent way, recommending which the virions may fuse towards the cell membrane [1] straight. (angiogenesis-blog.com)

Objective】 Through genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of GD2107 strain of multi-drug resistant Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP),the genome database information of APP was enriched,the phylogenetic tree based on Apx Ⅳ gene was constructed,and the evolutionary relationship of the strain was analyzed,so as to provide reference for exploring the pathogenic mechanism of APP and clinical prevention and control of porcine infectious porcine contagious pleuropneumia (PCP). (chvm.net)

MAIN CONCLUSIONS The genetic characterisation of the G10P[14] strain from Honduras suggests that its genome resulted from multiple reassortment events which were possibly mediated through interspecies transmissions. (scielo.br)
Genetic variability of hepatitis E virus within and between three epidemics in India. (unt.edu)
The search for viruses involved to the infectious pathology, as well as studying the genetic diversity of viruses circulating on a particular farm including imported from other countries, is relevant. (crie.ru)
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses. (lookformedical.com)
Viruses whose genetic material is RNA. (lookformedical.com)
either DNA or RNA viruses may have single or double strands of genetic material. (msdmanuals.com)

avian influenza viruses can directly infect humans. (bionity.com)
Importantly, not only did these studies identify previously unrecognised viral species, but they also consistently observed an abundance of viruses not part of the regular veterinary diagnostic laboratory detection range, including influenza D virus (IDV), bovine rhinitis viruses A and B (BRAV and BRBV), parvoviruses and bovine herpesviruses other than bovine alphaherpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1). (biomedcentral.com)
Influenza Viruses 10. (biologydiscussion.com)
The recent pandemic caused by human influenza virus A(H1N1) 2009 contains ancestral gene segments from North American and Eurasian swine lineages as well as from avian and human influenza lineages. (vetres.org)
The emergence of this A(H1N1) 2009 poses a potential global threat for human health and the fact that it can infect other species, like pigs, favours a possible encounter with other influenza viruses circulating in swine herds. (vetres.org)
In Europe, H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 subtypes of swine influenza virus currently have a high prevalence in commercial farms. (vetres.org)
In April 2009, a new A(H1N1) influenza virus was identified containing a distinct combination of gene segments from both North American and Eurasian swine influenza lineages as well as from avian and human lineages [ 8 , 21 ], which rapidly reached pandemic proportions. (vetres.org)
The mortality of swine influenza virus (SIV) infected pigs is usually low, although morbidity may approach 100% [ 14 ]. (vetres.org)

Flaviviridae is a family of enveloped positive-strand RNA viruses which mainly infect mammals and birds. (wikipedia.org)
Viruses in this genus infect nonhuman mammals. (wikipedia.org)
Viruses in genogroup III and V infect bovine and murine species, respectively. (medscape.com)

According to the phylogenetic analysis of 5 identified virus isolates, four belonged to the American branch and one to the European branch. (crie.ru)

Scientists are working hard to understand the virus, and Chinese health authorities have posted its full genome in international databases. (zoonotic-diseases.org)

Norovirus, formerly referred to as Norwalk virus, is the most common cause of epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis in the world. (medscape.com)
long-term study of the etiology of viral gastroenteritis in a children's institution]. (liverpool.ac.uk)
symposium on gastroenteritis-inducing viruses in man and animal. (liverpool.ac.uk)
rotavirus antibody determination by the neutralization test and electron microscopic detection of viruses in children with acute gastroenteritis]. (liverpool.ac.uk)
epidemic acute gastroenteritis in newborn infants with the immunoelectronoptic detection of virus]. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Rotavirus (see the image below) is one of several viruses known to cause a self-limited gastroenteritis. (medscape.com)
Rotavirus is one of several viruses known to cause gastroenteritis . (medscape.com)
Additional representatives of the family reviewed in this article are the human (HCV) and bovine (BCV) coronaviruses, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), haemagglutinating encephalitis virus (HEV) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). (pdfroom.com)

Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response. (lookformedical.com)

SBV genome was detected in the brain of malformed lambs and calves ( 3 - 5 ). (cdc.gov)
dose effect on experimental reproduction of rotavirus diarrhoea in colostrum-deprived newborn calves. (liverpool.ac.uk)
The virus was present as a monoagent in nasal cavity of calves (80.0%), lungs (46.2%) and bronchial lymph nodes (38.5%) in pneumonia. (crie.ru)
In 1969, bovine rotavirus was the first group A rotavirus isolated in cell culture and confirmed as a cause of diarrhea in calves. (news-medical.net)

Our invention relates to the introduction of the interferon gene of another animal species into a host animal, and to the production of a healthy transgenic animal with enhanced viral resistance which it can genetically transmit to its offspring. (justia.com)
Most domestic animal species can play a role in the spread of the virus by acting as natural reservoirs of the virus or as intermediate or end hosts. (news-medical.net)
Screening of different animal species and humans who have been in close contact with (diseased) animals for known or yet undiscovered viruses will also aid preparedness. (honours.eu)
The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS , but whose true origin is unknown. (lookformedical.com)

The persistently viral infected individuals are a major source of viral carriers. (tci-thaijo.org)
With the advent of artificial insemination, semen became a major source of viral introduction. (iastate.edu)

Rabbitpox virus is a subspecies of VACCINIA VIRUS . (lookformedical.com)

Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus belongs to the Flaviviridae family. (microbiologynote.com)
The Flaviviridae family of viruses includes the Japanese encephalitis virus, an RNA virus with a diameter of approximately ~ 40-50 nm and cubic symmetry. (microbiologynote.com)
The most significant type of viral encephalitis in Asia is Japanese encephalitis (JE), which is brought on by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). (microbiologynote.com)

Clinical signs included decreased milk production and diarrhea. (cdc.gov)
Bovine clinical samples used in this study were submitted to KSVDL for routine diagnostic testing. (datexis.com)
Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective strategies to prevent and control the clinical signs and transmission of these viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
PRRS is an acronym (porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome) for a viral disease characterized by two overlapping clinical presentations, reproductive impairment or failure in breeding animals, and respiratory disease in pigs of any age. (iastate.edu)

the distribution of viral antigen in intestinal tissues was determined by immunofluorescent staining with anti-simian rotavirus (sa-11) serum. (liverpool.ac.uk)
The synthesis of antigen (i.e. tumour antigen) occurs by viral DNA which results in increased DNA metabolism in the infected host cell. (biologydiscussion.com)
Human leucocyte antigen ( HLA ) -DR plays a crucial role in the immune response against hepatitis B virus (HBV). (biomedcentral.com)

Two types of recombinant porcine EV-Gs carrying papain-like cysteine protease (PLCP) gene of porcine torovirus, a virus in Coronaviridae, are reported. (bvsalud.org)
The pig feces, where the novel type 2 recombinant EV-G was detected, also carried type 1 recombinant EV-G. The amount of type 1 and type 2 recombinant EV-G genomes was almost same in the pig feces. (bvsalud.org)
Preventing packaging of translatable P5-associated DNA contaminants in recombinant AAV vector preps. (harvard.edu)

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped and harbor an unusually large (30-32 kb) positive-strand linear RNA genome. (hindawi.com)
Coronaviruses (CoVs) that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), such as SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2, and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), such as MERS-CoV, are members of a large family of enveloped, single-stranded, positive-strand RNA viruses. (hindawi.com)

The family includes Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), Lactate Dehydrogenase Elevating Virus (LDV) of mice and Simian Haemorrhagic Fever Virus (SHFV). (bionity.com)
Simian Virus-40 3. (biologydiscussion.com)
The term papova is derived from the first two letters of the three prototypes, papilloma virus, polyoma virus and simian vacuolating virus-40 (SV40). (biologydiscussion.com)

RT-qPCR assay for detection of mink astrovirus in outbreaks of diarrhea on Danish mink farms [Article]. (sva.se)
therefore, the detection of the virus in the feces does not entail a definite diagnosis. (news-medical.net)
At surveillance sites early detection and identification of viruses involved in outbreaks is crucial. (honours.eu)
The defence was open to the public, with Pauline presenting the result of her research: the elegant Early Warning System she developed, the detection of West Nile virus and Usutu virus and the discovery of novel viruses in birds. (honours.eu)

Appropriately, Pseudouridimycin studies from the function of viral receptors in the invasion from the trojan are important towards the advancement of antiviral reagents and vaccines. (angiogenesis-blog.com)

OBJECTIVES In this study, a G10P[14] rotavirus genotype detected in a human stool sample in Honduras during the 2010-2011 rotavirus season, from an unvaccinated 30-month old boy who reported at the hospital with severe diarrhea and vomiting, was characterised to determine the possible evolutionary origin of the rare strain. (scielo.br)
FINDINGS The next generation sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the 11-segmented genome of the G10P[14] strain allowed classification as G10-P[14]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T6-E2-H3. (scielo.br)
Whole Genome Sequencing and Biological Characteristics Analysis of Multidrug-resistant Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae GD2107 Strain[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(10): 4019-4031. (chvm.net)

The virus is transmitted via vectors (ticks and mosquitoes). (wikipedia.org)

In about 10 per cent of cats infected with FCV, one or more mutations in the virus can alter their biological behaviour, causing white blood cells to become infected with the virus and spread it throughout the cat's body. (jivanbio.com)

For adenovirus-positive aerosol samples, 500 μL of sample was inoculated into adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial (A549) cells (ATCCR CCL 185™) with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) 2% (v/v) Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), and incubated at 37°C. After 72 hours, inoculated shell vials were observed for cytopathic effect (CPE) daily for ten days. (datexis.com)

FMDV is a highly variable and transmissible virus. (bionity.com)
A transgenic mouse with enhanced viral resistance transmissible to its offspring is prepared by introduction of a gene encoding a human interferon having antiviral activity into a host mouse. (justia.com)

SBV has been identified as most related to Sathuperi virus, and for the small and large segments, Shamonda virus segments show the highest sequence identity. (cdc.gov)
Different examples of identical or (almost identical) transfer of animal rotaviral segments of the virus to humans are described in the literature. (news-medical.net)

The genome consists of single-stranded RNA of 7.3-7.7 kilobases. (medscape.com)

for BVDV frequently nonhomologous RNA recombination events lead to the appearance of genetically distinct viruses that are lethal to the host. (bionity.com)
The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses ( PROVIRUSES ) or PROPHAGES of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and then released as infectious viruses. (lookformedical.com)

results showed that glycosylation of vp7 is not required for normal viral morphogenesis and infectivity and suggested that the nonstructural glycoprotein is involved in assembly of the outer capsid. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Structure and supramolecular organization of the canine distemper virus attachment glycoprotein. (unibe.ch)

The effective immune cells to eliminate the viral agents are cytotoxic T cell (Tc), natural killer cell (NK), and macrophage. (tci-thaijo.org)
Known as the adaptive immune cell, Tc plays the most crucial role in the immune clearance of the viral agent. (tci-thaijo.org)
Varicella zoster virus immune evasion strategies. (tci-thaijo.org)
Extracellular vesicles in Herpes viral spread and immune evasion. (tci-thaijo.org)
The other important viruses of this group are JC virus (associated with neurological degeneration), BX virus (which suppresses immune system of humans), K virus of mice, etc. (biologydiscussion.com)
Orlando: Academic Press, Inc., 1986, Vol. 119(C). The interferons do not act directly against the virus, rather, they stimulate the antiviral response of the immune system. (justia.com)
It is this interaction between the body's own immune system and the virus that is responsible for the development of FIP. (jivanbio.com)

One method of providing virus resistance is by use of vaccines. (justia.com)
Thus, vaccines for other related Simbu serogroup viruses can not substitute SBV-specific vaccines as an instrument for disease control. (biomedcentral.com)

Members of the family Flaviviridae have monopartite, linear, single-stranded RNA genomes of positive polarity, and 9.6 to 12.3 kilobase in total length. (wikipedia.org)
Like all flaviviruses, ZIKV is a single-stranded RNA virus with a positive-polarity RNA genome of approximately 11 kb. (biomedcentral.com)

Positive-stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. (wikipedia.org)
There is considerable heterogeneity in the genome of the PRRS virus because of inherent errors common in transcription of RNA. (iastate.edu)
Reverse transcription is accomplished using the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which the virus carries with it inside its shell. (msdmanuals.com)
Because RNA transcription does not involve the same error-checking mechanisms as DNA transcription, RNA viruses, particularly retroviruses, are particularly prone to mutation. (msdmanuals.com)

It can cause a febrile disease, milk drop, diarrhea, and fetal malformation in ruminants. (biomedcentral.com)

Both are now in the United States, along with a multitude of viral variants. (iastate.edu)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) occurs in all age groups. (iastate.edu)

Herpesviruses constitute a large and diverse family of enveloped viruses and are composed of three subfamilies, Alpha- , Beta- and Gammaherpesvirinae . (biomedcentral.com)

Fetal bovine turbinate cells (courtesy of Swedish Veterinary Institute) propagated in Eagle's minimal essential medium (BioWhittaker, Belgium) in 96 well plates were incubated with 50 μl filtered swab samples for 30 min. (datexis.com)

the genome of RNA viruses ranges from 3.5 kilobases (some retroviruses) to 27 kilobases (some reoviruses), and the genome of DNA viruses ranges from 5 kilobases (some parvoviruses) to 280 kilobases (some poxviruses). (msdmanuals.com)

SBV, a member of the Simbu serogroup within the genus Orthobunyavirus , is closely related to Akabane virus (AKAV) and Aino virus (AINOV) among others. (biomedcentral.com)
Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) share a lot of similarities being both phylogenetically closely related, share the same insect vector passage for reaching the host, affinity for the same carbohydrate. (biomedcentral.com)

Avian rotaviruses represent a diverse group of intestinal viruses, which may induce subclinical manifestations. (news-medical.net)

The analytical sensitivity of the assay was evaluated to be 32 genome-equivalents and 0.05 plaque forming unit (pfu). (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy10

Organisms102

Diseases29

Chemicals and Drugs33

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Phenomena and Processes56

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science4

Health Care7

Geographicals1

Proteins20

Strains15

Coronavirus4

Replication12

Infection22

Antibodies6

Arthropod vectors2

Pathogens6

Genes7

Genomic3

Single-stranded RNA genome2

Sequences5

Proteases1

Double-stranded4

Pathogen5

Bacterial5

Herpesvirus2

Pathogenesis2

Diseases12

Protein8

Vaccine5

Cattle7

Infections5

Envelope3

Pathogenic1

Genetic6

Influenza8

Infect3

Phylogenetic analysis1

Full genome1

Gastroenteritis8

Molecular1

Calves4

Species4

Major source of viral2

Subspecies1

Encephalitis3

Clinical4

Antigen3

Recombinant3

Coronaviruses2

Simian3

Detection4

Receptors1

Strain3

Mosquitoes1

Mutations1

Serum1

Transmissible2

Segments2

Consists1

Genetically2

Glycoprotein2

Immune7

Vaccines2

Polarity2

Transcription4

Febrile1

Variants1

Porcine1

Family of enveloped1

Fetal1

Parvoviruses1

Closely related2

Intestinal1

Assay1