AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and Occupations
Epidural SpaceAnesthesia, EpiduralNeedlesInjections, EpiduralDura MaterSpinal CanalLigamentum FlavumAnalgesia, EpiduralLumbosacral RegionEpidural NeoplasmsLipomatosisRadiculopathySpinal Nerve RootsCoccyxLumbar VertebraeAnalgesia, ObstetricalThoracic VertebraeMyelographySpinal DiseasesTissue AdhesionsFiber Optic TechnologyAnesthesia, ObstetricalMathematical ConceptsIntracranial HypotensionLaminectomySpinal CordIntervertebral Disc DisplacementSpinal Cord CompressionFluoroscopyBlood Patch, EpiduralAnesthetics, LocalInjections, SpinalEpidural AbscessSpinal NeoplasmsAnesthesia, CaudalAnatomy, Cross-SectionalCatheterizationFentanylBupivacaineCervical VertebraeTomography, X-Ray ComputedSpinal Cord DiseasesEndoscopySpinal StenosisLow Back PainLidocaineMagnetic Resonance ImagingSteroidsPregnancy Trimester, ThirdNerve Block
SubduralInjectionsAnalgesiaSpinePosteriorLocal anestheticCaudalCervicalAnesthesiaAbscessInjectionSteroidDorsalHemorrhageSpinal canalMalformationsRadicular painSubarachnoid spacesIntervertebralDural sacInterventionalCatheter placementAnatomyPeripheral vasculaProcedureCranialElectrodesSpontaneousFluoroscopicSurgeriesCathetersAbnormal vascularCompressionSurgeryEpinephrinePlacementMeningesMedicationArteryNervesSymptomsFRACTURESChronicTest doseInflammatoryNeedleAcuteCommonlyElectrodePainAnaesthesiaSecondaryNerve rootAnterior
Subdural6
  • It can also be divided based on the compartment into which the hemorrhage occurs, namely: (1) intramedullary (including hematomyelia), (2) subarachnoid (SAH), (3) subdural (SDH), and/or (4) epidural (EDH). (medscape.com)
  • The contents of the spinal canal include the spinal cord, nerve roots, the cauda equina (below the conus medullaris of the spinal cord), the meninges (pia, arachnoid and dura mater), epidural space, subdural space and subarachnoid space, blood vessels, fat, lymphatics and ligaments between the vertebrae. (developinganaesthesia.com)
  • This is not helped by the fact that, occasionally, even when carried out by an experienced practitioner, performing a satisfactory LP can prove difficult and uncomfortable and is not without the risk of epidural or subdural bleeding or infection. (clinicalgate.com)
  • The spinal hematomas can be classified based on the anatomical location as follows: Epidural, subdural, subarachnoid, and intramedullary (spinal cord) hematomas. (caserepclinradiol.org)
  • [ 1 ] Among these subtypes, spontaneous epidural and subdural spinal hematoma are rare and differentiating them is a diagnostic challenge. (caserepclinradiol.org)
  • as well as into the epidural, subdural and subarachnoid spaces of the MENINGES. (umassmed.edu)
Injections21
  • In rare instances, infections can occur as a result of direct inoculation (eg, epidural steroid injections). (medscape.com)
  • In comparison to epidural blocks, epidural injections of local anesthetic, steroids, or both are considered for the treatment of radicular pain symptoms secondary to disk herniation or postsurgical radicular pain. (medscape.com)
  • Epidural injections do not alter the course of the underlying process but may offer effective pain relief in selected patients. (medscape.com)
  • In the ever-expanding field of interventional pain management, epidural injections of pain medications like steroids play an important role in chronic pain management. (medscape.com)
  • What Are Epidural Steroid Injections? (arvcenters.com)
  • At Arthritis Relief & Vascular Centers, we use a treatment called epidural steroid injections (ESIs) to deliver major pain relief by reducing swelling and inflammation of the nerve. (arvcenters.com)
  • How Do Epidural Steroid Injections Work? (arvcenters.com)
  • As such, injections in this area may accidentally be delivered into the AKA, causing a direct vascular injury. (e-arm.org)
  • Epidural steroid injections (ESIs) have been endorsed by the North American Spine Society and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (formerly, the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research) of the Department of Health and Human Services as an integral part of nonsurgical management of radicular pain from lumbar spine disorders. (medscape.com)
  • see also Approaches for Epidural Injections) was performed in 1901, when cocaine was injected to treat lumbago and sciatica (presumably pain referred from lumbar nerve roots). (medscape.com)
  • To determine the therapeutic value and long-term effects of Computed Tomography (CT)- guided translaminar and transforaminal lumbar epidural steroid injections for spinal pain management. (biomedres.info)
  • Between December 2011 and June 2013, 428 CT-guided epidural steroid injections of the lumbar spine for 310 patients were assessed retrospectively. (biomedres.info)
  • In 23 of 310 patients epidural injections were repeated in different times during study and 73 epidural injections (n: 61 TL and n: 12 TF) were performed. (biomedres.info)
  • Both translaminar and transforaminal epidural steroid injections can provide reliable pain relief for up to average 5.5 and 5.6 months respectively. (biomedres.info)
  • TL epidural steroid injections are more suitable for patients with spinal pain or stenos while TF epidural steroid injections are more suitable for isolated spinal nerve stimulation [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedres.info)
  • The most widely used methods to epidural steroid injections are fluoroscopy and CT. (biomedres.info)
  • In the lumbar spine, both TL and TF epidural steroid injections usually helpful to pain relief for 6 months of pain relief, though long-term benefits are less reliable [ 9 ]. (biomedres.info)
  • In our study we retrospectively observed the degree and duration of pain relief for CT guided TL and TF epidural steroid injections in 2 y follow up. (biomedres.info)
  • TL epidural steroid injections were performed for patients with lower back pain associated with especially spinal stenos. (biomedres.info)
  • TF epidural steroid injections were performed for patients with isolated or multilevel spinal nerve root irritation. (biomedres.info)
  • Epidural blocks are corticosteroid injections which are used to decrease pain and inflammation. (kyanesthesiagroup.com)
Analgesia9
  • Epidural nerve block has become a significant advance in neuraxial anesthesia and analgesia. (medscape.com)
  • The duration of anesthesia or analgesia is prolonged when epidural catheters are used. (medscape.com)
  • Patients are able to control their pain with patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) in a manner similar manner to that of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV PCA). (medscape.com)
  • Care for a patient with an epidural for post operative or obstetric analgesia. (developinganaesthesia.com)
  • Two of the most common late deceleration causes include an overactive uterus and hypotension due to epidural analgesia. (flo.health)
  • The minimum local analgesic concentration (MLAC) has been defined as the median effective local analgesic concentration in a 20-ml volume for epidural analgesia in the first stage of labor. (silverchair.com)
  • In this double-blind, randomized, prospective study, 70 parturients who were at 7 cm or less cervical dilation and who requested epidural analgesia were allocated to one of two groups. (silverchair.com)
  • WHETHER the addition of epinephrine to local anesthetic solutions used for epidural labor analgesia is advantageous is subject to debate. (silverchair.com)
  • Occasionally an epidural analgesia is preferred and rarely a general anesthesia is required. (luriechildrens.org)
Spine10
  • An MRI of the lumbar spine (T1-weighted, post-contrast) shows a spinal epidural abscess at the level of L3-L4, with an associated left paraspinal muscle abscess. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] Cervical spine epidural abscesses are less common than those found in the thoracic and lumbar spine, although the former is associated with a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. (medscape.com)
  • The spine most often is affected by metastatic disease involving the epidural space. (wikipedia.org)
  • Spine model showing interlaminar epidural space. (medscape.com)
  • An understanding of the basic anatomy of the epidural space also requires recognition of the following key anatomic features of the spine. (medscape.com)
  • It is administered through a catheter that is inserted into the epidural space of the spine. (contenting.app)
  • Describe the anatomy of the spine, vertebral column and epidural space. (developinganaesthesia.com)
  • CT guided epidural injection in the lumbar spine is safe, repeatable and efficacious pain management technique. (biomedres.info)
  • Kentucky Anesthesia Group epidural blocks are given through a small, flexible tube, called a catheter, which goes near the spine at the small of the back. (kyanesthesiagroup.com)
  • Spine infections are rare infections that can involve the intervertebral disc space (discitis), the vertebral bones, the spinal canal or adjacent soft tissues. (wheelessonline.com)
Posterior9
  • As such, abscesses occur more frequently in the larger, more densely vascular posterior epidural space. (medscape.com)
  • The anterior portion of the epidural space is formed by the posterior longitudinal ligament, which covers the posterior part of the vertebral body and the intravertebral disk. (medscape.com)
  • Also note that the epidural space is narrowest in the cervical region, with an anterior/posterior diameter of 2-3 mm. (medscape.com)
  • Sagittal CT scan reconstruction that further defines the anterior-posterior extent of the vertex epidural hemorrhage (EDH). (medscape.com)
  • The SCS can also be placed to cover exiting nerve roots in the epidural space, in addition to or instead of posterior placement over dorsal columns. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Karikalan A, Pushpa BT, Ramesh S, Kuna VS. Dorsal Epidural Artery Pseudoaneurysm - An Unusual Complication after Posterior Instrumented Stabilisation. (mss-ijmsr.com)
  • We report a rare case of dorsal epidural artery pseudoaneurysm following lumbar discectomy and posterior instrumented stabilization presenting with progressive signs of neurological deficit due to dural sac compression and also emphasize the importance of its early diagnosis thus preventing fatal complications. (mss-ijmsr.com)
  • Vascular complications related to posterior lumbar disc surgery are not so common. (mss-ijmsr.com)
  • The lead is advanced through the posterior paramedian epidural space until the appropriate location providing coverage of the patient's pain region, which may require one or more leads. (aneskey.com)
Local anesthetic7
  • Local anesthetic epidural blockade may be useful in conjunction with aggressive physical therapy or manipulation of a painful limb associated with joint stiffness or limited range of motion. (medscape.com)
  • Certain conditions with sympathetic mediated or maintained pain are treated with the epidural local anesthetic since it provides sympathetic blockade. (medscape.com)
  • The aim of this study was to determine the local anesthetic-sparing efficacy of epidural epinephrine by its effect on the MLAC of bupivacaine. (silverchair.com)
  • To evaluate the pharmacodynamic contributions of the various epidural analgesics, we previously described a clinical model to determine the relative potencies of local anesthetic agents in the first stage of labor 13-15 and to estimate the local anesthetic-sparing potential of epidural opioids. (silverchair.com)
  • Diagnostically, ESIs may help to identify the epidural space as the potential pain generator, through pain relief after local anesthetic injection to the site of presumed anatomic pathology. (medscape.com)
  • An epidural block involves injecting a local anesthetic near certain spinal nerves to numb a specific area of your body. (kyanesthesiagroup.com)
  • Local anesthetic and corticosteroid anti-inflammatory medication are delivered into the epidural space to shrink the swelling around nerve roots, relieving pressure and pain. (kyanesthesiagroup.com)
Caudal4
  • On completion of this module you will be able to perform spinal, epidural and caudal anaesthesia safely. (developinganaesthesia.com)
  • Describe the technique of subarachnoid, epidural and caudal anaesthesia. (developinganaesthesia.com)
  • Neuraxial anaesthesia or central neural blockade encompasses spinal, epidural and caudal administration of local anaesthetic and opioid medications. (developinganaesthesia.com)
  • Bupivacaine hydrochloride injection USP is available in sterile isotonic solution for injection via local infiltration, peripheral nerve block, and caudal and lumbar epidural blocks. (nih.gov)
Cervical1
  • One to four leads are placed in the epidural space in the cervical, thoracic or lumbar regions as appropriate, either percutaneously or via a small laminotomy. (biomedcentral.com)
Anesthesia12
  • Epidural news and articles provide insight into the latest trends and developments in epidural anesthesia. (contenting.app)
  • Epidural anesthesia is a type of regional anesthesia which is used to numb areas of the body during medical procedures. (contenting.app)
  • Epidural anesthesia can also be used for other types of surgeries, such as abdominal, orthopedic, and vascular procedures. (contenting.app)
  • Epidural news and articles cover topics such as the safety and effectiveness of epidural anesthesia, the types of medications used, and the latest developments in epidural technology. (contenting.app)
  • Additionally, they provide information on the risks and benefits associated with epidural anesthesia and discuss how epidural anesthesia can help reduce pain during childbirth and other procedures. (contenting.app)
  • The term epidural is often short for epidural anesthesia, a form of regional anesthesia involving injection of drugs through a catheter placed into the epidural space. (kyanesthesiagroup.com)
  • A patient receiving an epidural for pain relief typically receives a combination of local anesthesia and opioids. (kyanesthesiagroup.com)
  • An epidural block is a type of regional anesthesia that blocks pain sensation in the legs, abdomen or chest. (kyanesthesiagroup.com)
  • Kentucky Anesthesia Group administers epidural blocks for many surgeries and procedures. (kyanesthesiagroup.com)
  • Epidural blocks generally involve fewer side effects and complications than general anesthesia. (kyanesthesiagroup.com)
  • Our anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists (CRNA) at Kentucky Anesthesia Group are committed to providing the best care throughout every procedure, putting every patient at ease before every epidural block procedure. (kyanesthesiagroup.com)
  • You might be surprised to learn that it is epidural anesthesia. (pathwaystofamilywellness.org)
Abscess7
Injection12
  • An epidural steroid injection does not release a nerve, heal herniated discs, or widen a spinal passage. (arvcenters.com)
  • That's why it's called an epidural injection. (arvcenters.com)
  • Once a doctor determines an epidural steroid injection is the right treatment for you, the corticosteroid is administered as close to the affected nerve as possible. (arvcenters.com)
  • 3 This location is favored because the agents can be injected into the anterior epidural space, i.e. the inflammatory site between the back of the herniated intervertebral disc and the anterior nerve root dural sleeve and the risk of decreasing dura mater puncture, as the injection needle goes through the border of the lateral upper intervertebral foramen. (e-arm.org)
  • 6 Thus, safety can be secured when this site is used for epidural injection. (e-arm.org)
  • This is the injection of an anesthetic into your spinal epidural space to eliminate pelvic pain during labor and delivery. (flo.health)
  • The space just deep to this layer is the subcircumneural (subparaneural) space, which should most probably be the target space for successful and safe single-injection block and catheter placement for continuous nerve block. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Injection of corticosteroids into the epidural space for the management of lumbar radicular pain was first recorded in 1952. (medscape.com)
  • Animal research in dogs and rats also has revealed severe inflammation locally within the epidural space and nerve root after injection of autologous nuclear material into the epidural space. (medscape.com)
  • Although the primary indication for epidural steroid injection (ESI) is radicular pain associated with a herniated nucleus pulposus, a variety of other indications have been reported in the literature. (medscape.com)
  • Epidural steroid injection is one of the most frequently performed interventional pain management procedures. (biomedres.info)
  • X-ray visualization of the spinal cord following injection of contrast medium into the spinal arachnoid space. (lookformedical.com)
Steroid1
  • Risk factors for epidural spinal abscesses include intravenous drug use and immunosuppression from a variety of sources including HIV/AIDS and chronic steroid use as well as poorly controlled diabetes. (medscape.com)
Dorsal4
  • Some series suggest that dorsal spinal epidural abscesses are much more likely to present with weakness and severe neurologic deficit than ventral spinal epidural abscesses. (medscape.com)
  • While the choroid plexuses that line the ventricles are the major site of CSF production, as much as 30% of CSF is formed by fluid shifts across various vascular beds within the CNS, such as the cerebral capillaries and dorsal root ganglia. (clinicalgate.com)
  • In summary, clinical practice and animal research suggest that radicular pain is the result of inflammation of the nerve root in the epidural space provoked by leakage of disk material, compression of the nerve root vasculature, and/or irritation of dorsal root ganglia from spinal stenosis. (medscape.com)
  • In this article, we report a rare case of pseudoaneurysm of the dorsal epidural artery causing spinal canal compression, presenting with neurological deficit in the post-operative period. (mss-ijmsr.com)
Hemorrhage4
  • [ 1 ] Spinal cord hemorrhage is most commonly caused by trauma, vascular malformations, or bleeding diatheses. (medscape.com)
  • With trauma, shear forces acting upon the spinal cord and surrounding structures may lead to hemorrhage and vascular damage. (medscape.com)
  • Axial CT scan that demonstrates a large vertex, bifrontoparietal epidural hemorrhage (EDH). (medscape.com)
  • Coronal CT scan reconstruction that further clarifies the thickness and mass effect associated with this vertex epidural hemorrhage (EDH). (medscape.com)
Spinal canal1
  • The subarachnoid space lies between the two leptomeninges, the outer (arachnoid) mater and inner (pia) mater, which cover the whole brain and spinal canal down to the level of the second sacral vertebra. (clinicalgate.com)
Malformations3
  • In non-traumatic cases, vascular malformations and coagulopathies are the most common etiologies, in almost equal proportions. (medscape.com)
  • Three groups of vascular malformations dominate: medullary arteriovenous malformations (AVM), peri-arterial arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) and spinal meningeal FAF. (medical-actu.com)
  • A rare epidural hematoma in the spinal epidural space, usually due to a vascular malformation (CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS) or TRAUMA. (bvsalud.org)
Radicular pain1
  • Inflammation within the epidural space and nerve roots, as can be provoked by a herniated disk, is a significant factor in causing radicular pain. (medscape.com)
Subarachnoid spaces1
  • Cerebrospinal fluid formed in the lateral ventricles passes through the third and fourth ventricles into the cisterna magna, from where it circulates out into the cerebral and spinal subarachnoid spaces. (clinicalgate.com)
Intervertebral4
  • However, direct extension from nearby anatomic structures such as the vertebral bodies, intervertebral disk spaces, or psoas muscles can also give rise to an infection within the epidural space. (medscape.com)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging showed hyperplasia of the epidural fat compressing the spinal cord in the thoracolumbar region and concurrent mild multiple intervertebral disc herniations. (e-jvc.org)
  • In most cases, cord damage occurs due to an extension of vertebral body metastasis into epidural spaces, but damage can be due to vertebral collapse, direct metastasis through the intervertebral foramen and due to obstruction of the vascular supply. (palcareindia.com)
  • Spinal infections involve pyogenic or granulomatous infections of the vertebral column, intervertebral discs, the dural sac or the epidural space. (wheelessonline.com)
Dural sac1
  • It's directly injected into the epidural space above the dural sac, which envelopes your nerves and acts as their protective casing. (arvcenters.com)
Interventional2
  • A study in February's Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology found that patients undergoing liver cancer treatment with Theraspheres? (news-medical.net)
  • Riverside Radiology and Interventional Associates (RRIA) is nationally recognized for providing a broad spectrum of medically advanced vascular, interventional, and neurointerventional surgery services. (rriavascularir.com)
Catheter placement1
Anatomy2
Peripheral vascula3
  • They are increasingly applied to other conditions including intractable angina and ischemic pain secondary to peripheral vascular disease, though long-term efficacy remains undetermined [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Be evaluated for peripheral vascular disease to make sure that this is not the source of pain. (portcitypain.com)
  • Conditions treated: Failed Back, Failed Surgery Syndrome, Post Laminectomy Syndrome, Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy, Post Herpetic Neuralgia, ischemic pain secondary to peripheral vascular disease, and phantom limb pain. (lipsonpaininstitute.com)
Procedure2
  • In this procedure, which is called a spinal tap or lumbar puncture, the needle is carefully orientated to pass between the spinous processes and enter the subarachnoid space below the termination of the spinal cord so that there is no danger of damage to the spinal cord. (pediagenosis.com)
  • An epidural blood patch is a minimally invasive procedure that uses autologous blood in order to close one or many holes in the dura mater of the spinal cord, usually as a result of a previous lumbar puncture. (rriavascularir.com)
Cranial1
  • Metastases to the skull base quickly become symptomatic because of their proximity to cranial nerves and vascular structures. (wikipedia.org)
Electrodes2
  • Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a neuromodulation technique that involves placing one or more percutaneus or surgical electrodes in the epidural space, and was first applied by Shealy et al. (aneskey.com)
  • Thin wires called electrodes extend from the stimulator's generator into your epidural space, which is located within your spinal column around the spinal cord. (novowellnesscenter.com)
Spontaneous1
  • Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma is a neurologic emergency due to a rapidly evolving compressive MYELOPATHY. (bvsalud.org)
Fluoroscopic2
  • Our doctors at Arthritis Relief & Vascular Centers utilize fluoroscopic guidance to accomplish this task. (arvcenters.com)
  • To ensure accuracy and safety, our anesthesiologists perform the epidural blocks under fluoroscopic x-ray guidance, using a contrast agent to confirm needle placement. (kyanesthesiagroup.com)
Surgeries1
  • Vascular complications during lumbar disc surgeries are a rare but fatal complication. (mss-ijmsr.com)
Catheters2
  • Long-term indwelling epidural catheters are helpful in managing severe pain in cancer and noncancer chronic pain conditions. (medscape.com)
  • Epidurals are offered with a plethora of accoutrements, including catheters for involuntary urination, blood pressure monitoring and IV fluids for changes to vascular physiology, and continuous fetal monitoring because of risk of decreased oxygen flow to the baby. (pathwaystofamilywellness.org)
Abnormal vascular2
  • it can highlight an image suggestive of large marrow associated with abnormal vascular images. (medical-actu.com)
  • To directly visualize the abnormal vascular connections on the surface of the placenta through a small operating telescope. (luriechildrens.org)
Compression1
  • The development of symptoms is the result of meningeal irritation from the infection, structural instability from local tissue and ligamentous destruction, and neurological symptoms arising as a consequence of spinal cord compression and hypoxia from vascular compromise due to thrombophlebitis. (medscape.com)
Surgery2
  • 1 ] The radiologist should be aware of late vascular complications in patients with progressive neurological symptoms following spinal surgery. (mss-ijmsr.com)
  • Epidural block treatments safely offer substantial pain relief without surgery. (kyanesthesiagroup.com)
Epinephrine1
  • The addition of epidural epinephrine 1:300,000 (66 microg) resulted in a significant 29% reduction in the MLAC of bupivacaine. (silverchair.com)
Placement2
  • Epidural needle placement is at an angle of fewer than 45° to facilitate threading of the lead ( Figure 51.2 ). (aneskey.com)
  • This involves placement of 2 small electrical leads in the epidural space. (portcitypain.com)
Meninges1
  • The arachnoid is connected to the pia mater by numerous delicate strands that cross the subarachnoid space between the two meninges. (pediagenosis.com)
Medication1
Artery1
  • Skull radiographs often reveal a fracture crossing the vascular shadow of the middle meningeal artery branches. (medscape.com)
Nerves3
  • Targets the sympathetic nerves to manage complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), certain vascular conditions, and other conditions affecting the autonomic nervous system. (dfwpaincenter.com)
  • The pia mater is a highly vascular layer that closely invests the spinal cord and nerves. (pediagenosis.com)
  • An epidural block targets the nerves that carry pain signals. (kyanesthesiagroup.com)
Symptoms2
  • If left untreated, an expanding suppurative infection in the spinal epidural space can impinge upon the spinal cord, producing sensory symptoms, weakness/motor dysfunction, and, ultimately, paralysis and even death. (medscape.com)
  • They can trigger severe neurological symptoms, and should be differentiated from other forms of epidural cysts and tumors. (bvsalud.org)
FRACTURES1
  • Le but de notre travail est de déterminer les aspects thérapeutique et évolutif des fractures diaphysaires de la jambe prises en charge au Service de Traumatologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona (CHU-JRA) Madagascar. (bvsalud.org)
Chronic2
  • Furthermore, chronic dysfunction of your placenta is sometimes brought on by maternal diseases, like diabetes, collagen-vascular disorders, or hypertension. (flo.health)
  • A spinal cord stimulator is an electrode placed in the epidural space through the skin producing an electric current to treat chronic pain. (lipsonpaininstitute.com)
Test dose1
  • The epidural needle is withdrawn after the epidural catheter insertion or after the epidural catheter aspiration test and test dose. (medicregister.com)
Inflammatory1
  • The most common underlying pathology was neoplasia (42.9%), followed by inflammatory (24%), anomalous (19%), degenerative (9.5%) and vascular (4.8%) disorders. (bvsalud.org)
Needle2
Acute1
  • CT scan of an acute left-sided epidural hematoma. (medscape.com)
Commonly1
  • Most commonly, hematogenous spread with seeding of the epidural space with bacteria is the most common mechanism via which spinal epidural abscesses form. (medscape.com)
Electrode1
  • Alternatively, the conductive polymer electrode may comprise multiple electrode sections within a corresponding number of windows formed in the lead body and spaced apart along the length thereof. (patsnap.com)
Pain3
  • Epidural blocks are often used during childbirth and for pain management in the lower back. (dfwpaincenter.com)
  • Preparation of the patient includes: Pain physician visit - evaluation/patient selection process, psychological evaluation and diagnostic imaging - Ideally, MRI imaging of the epidural space. (aneskey.com)
  • An epidural block is an important tool used to manage pain while you remain awake or slightly sedated. (kyanesthesiagroup.com)
Anaesthesia2
  • Anaesthetic agents are instilled into this space to produce epidural anaesthesia. (pediagenosis.com)
  • In spinal anaesthesia, anaesthetic agents may be injected into the subarachnoid space via a lumbar puncture technique. (pediagenosis.com)
Secondary1
  • The patient was tentatively diagnosed with spinal epidural lipomatosis (SEL) secondary to hypothyroidism. (e-jvc.org)
Nerve root2
  • Kambin and Gellman report that percutaneous endoscopic nucleotomy within the triangular working zone seldom causes nerve root and vascular injury. (e-arm.org)
  • The radicular LBP caused by spinal stenosis is probably related to the inhibition of normal nerve root vascular flow with resultant nerve root nutrition, nerve root edema, and nerve root dysfunction. (medscape.com)
Anterior2