Variation within populations. Medical search. Frequent questions

Most population-based genetic studies, including those examining pharmacogenetic loci, have been conducted primarily on individuals of European ancestry . (cdc.gov)
All of previously reported populations in Korea were sampled and seven loci from six enzymes were analyzed. (e-kjpt.org)

In the present study, morphological variation, including morphometric and meristic traits, was assessed among wild samples collected in the upper Yangtze River basin. (bioone.org)
Inbreeding depression is often measured in fitness-related traits of life history (e.g. fecundity, survival, morphological measurements) and often only in captive populations ( Hedrick and Kalinowski 2000 ). (biorxiv.org)
and,(3) an intermediate form exhibiting mixed morphological characters.The patterns of morphological, reproductive and genetic variation within and between populations of these three forms were investigated. (edu.au)
Its hybrid origin is supported by the high level of genetic diversity between the intermediate form populations, as well as its strong autogamous tendencies and mixed morphological characteristics. (edu.au)

There were no significant meristic differences between sexes or among populations, except for scales in lateral line (LS). (bioone.org)
However, there were significant morphometric differences not only between sexes but also among populations. (bioone.org)
As part of a project on environmental disasters in minority populations, this study aimed to evaluate differences in the sequence of N-acetyltransferase 2 ( NAT2 ) as a metabolic susceptibility gene in yet unexplored ethnicities. (aacrjournals.org)
We found pronounced ethnic differences in NAT2 genotypes with yet unknown effect on the health risks for environmental or occupational exposures in minority populations. (aacrjournals.org)
Insects were reared on three populations of wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea) plants, exhibiting qualitative and quantitative differences in root and shoot defense chemistry, that had or had not been exposed to root herbivory. (vu.nl)
In general, insect performance was more strongly affected by plant population than by herbivory in the opposite compartment, suggesting that population-related differences in plant quality are larger than those induced by herbivory. (vu.nl)
In addition to population-related differences, amino acid concentrations primarily changed locally in response to herbivory. (vu.nl)
Whether GS concentrations changed in response to herbivory (indole GS) or whether there were only population-related differences (aliphatic GS) depended on GS class. (vu.nl)
Trait variability within species can be observed from differences among populations, and between‐ and within individuals. (fu-berlin.de)
Some differences in cancer rates among states may be explained by differences in known risk factors among the populations of those states. (cdc.gov)
Variations among states in medical care factors may also result in differences in cancer rates. (cdc.gov)
These rates have been adjusted for age so that states can be compared without concern that differences in their rates result from differences in the age distribution of their populations. (cdc.gov)
The paternally inherited Y chromosome markers have been used widely in population genetic studies to trace paternal lineages, to understand differences in migration pattern and populations admixture in animals. (arccjournals.com)
Thus, significant differences in pheromone blend among geographically distant populations of A. ipsilon did not prevent cross-attraction under laboratory conditions. (uky.edu)

Almost all the truss network morphometric traits significantly contributed to population discrimination. (bioone.org)
The common variant/common disease model predicts that most risk alleles underlying complex health-related traits are common and therefore old and found in multiple populations, rather than rare or population-specific. (blogspot.com)
We use Nicotiana attenuata plants silenced in mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 (irMPK4) - with low water-use efficiency (WUE) - to study the scale at which water-use traits alter intraspecific population yields. (elifesciences.org)
In this study, a reciprocal North Carolina II design and maximum-likelihood methods were implemented to investigate the genetic basis of variation for 15 floral and vegetative traits in four populations of the annual plant Amsinckia spectabilis (Boraginaceae) differing in mating system. (bioone.org)
Compared to the three partially selfing populations, we found significantly lower levels of nuclear variance for several traits in the nearly completely self-fertilizing population. (bioone.org)
Furthermore, for 11 of 15 traits we did not detect nuclear variation to be significantly greater than zero. (bioone.org)
We also found high maternal variance in one of the partially selfing populations for several traits, and little dominance variance in any population. (bioone.org)

Because the local populations are assumed to be selected for under different environments, the different reaction norm might have evolved in response to different selection pressures. (bioone.org)
This study highlights the need for appropriate management measures to ensure the sustainability of these bivalve population stocks that have significant socioeconomic importance for local populations. (frontiersin.org)

To address this lacuna, we used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) to assess the genetic variability of field and laboratory populations. (unl.edu)
The AFLP results showed greater genetic variability between populations from Missouri and Mississippi (both USA), and relatively low variability within Missouri populations. (unl.edu)
1. Intraspecific trait variability (ITV) maintains functional diversity in populations and communities, and plays a crucial role in ecological and evolutionary processes such as trophic cascades or speciation. (fu-berlin.de)
2. Here, we aimed to (a) measure the relative strength of between‐ and within‐individual effects of body size on ITV over time, and (b) disentangle the trophic changes due to ontogeny from other sources of variability, such as the environment experienced by populations and individual preferences at varying temporal and spatial scales. (fu-berlin.de)
Mid-latitude atmospheric variability is mainly driven by a type of cyclone, the extra-tropical cyclones (ETCs) that have a primary role in determining local weather and its variation, inducing strong winds, precipitation, and temperature changes. (reading.ac.uk)

HapMap, Perlegen) or in which a relatively small number of genes and/or populations were sampled. (blogspot.com)
The aim of this study was to examine the structure of common variation ascertained in major U.S. populations by resequencing the exons and flanking regions of 3,873 genes in 154 chromosomes from European, Latino/Hispanic, Asian, and African Americans generated by the Genaissance Resequencing Project. (blogspot.com)
This is likely due to the high supply rate of de novo variation and common evolutionary adaptations to the ferret host regardless of obesity status, which we show are mediated by variation in the hemagglutinin (HA) and polymerase genes (PB2 and PB1). (bvsalud.org)

However, the reciprocal influences of variation in environmental conditions and phenotypic trait expression in spreading plant populations are not clearly defined. (osti.gov)
You want to download Divergent pattern between phenotypic and genetic variation in Scots pine - 746 unrelated genotyped Pinus sylvestris from 24 different populations across Northern Europe from the SND research data catalogue. (gu.se)
Drawing from this founding population of individuals with largely French ancestry, we selected 1007 individuals to determine mechanisms by which genomes, the environment, and their interactions contribute to phenotypic variation. (nature.com)

For example, breast cancer incidence rates are usually higher in non-Hispanic White women than in women of other racial and ethnic populations, and prostate cancer incidence rates are higher in non-Hispanic Black men. (cdc.gov)
13- , 20 Two of these both report a prevalence of 1.4% onward from 1999 18 to 2005 19 suggesting a plateau of prevalence, whereas three studies using different population-based databases have reported a rise in the incidence of gout in the past decade. (bmj.com)

An international group of researchers has collated and analysed recent available data on adult survival and reproductive output of Brünnich's guillemots from colonies throughout the Atlantic range of the species to investigate and explain any spatial variation in demography and population trends. (npolar.no)
Spatial and Temporal Variations of Cockle (Cerastoderma spp. (frontiersin.org)
Therefore, this study aimed at assessing spatial and temporal variations in cockle populations in two Portuguese estuarine systems where the species are exploited at low levels. (frontiersin.org)
The abundance, spatial distribution and population structure of cockles were examined at each system. (frontiersin.org)

abstract = "Sex pheromone quantity, blend ratio, and cross-attraction were studied in four populations of the black cutworm. (uky.edu)

It is crucial for managers to mitigate factors that significantly reduce effective population size and genetic connectivity, which supports the dispersion of genetic variation that aids in rapid evolutionary responses to environmental challenges. (biorxiv.org)
Although environmental carcinogens are responsible for some cancer cases, a majority of cases appear to be related to lifestyle factors such as smoking, and geographic variations in cancer rates are thought largely to reflect variations in these lifestyle factors. (cdc.gov)
Our study provides the first insight into the consequences of host obesity on viral genetic diversity and adaptation, suggesting that host factors associated with obesity alter the selective environment experienced by a viral population , thereby impacting the spectrum of genetic variation . (bvsalud.org)
Factors contributing to the high levels of genetic diversity found within populations of A. misandrum include population maintenance via wide distribution range from Korea to Japan and primarily outcrossing breeding system. (e-kjpt.org)
Multivariate analysis showed that years insured, farm income, age, sex, type of farm work, and employment income help predict the personal injuries/year ratio (p=0.01), however only 14% of the variation is explained by these factors. (cdc.gov)

Intraspecific trait variation within natural populations (i.e. intra-population trait variation, IPTV) is the basic source for selection and can have significant ecological consequences. (osti.gov)
The population structure analysis indicated that natural mortality is constraining the cockle communities given the low abundance of adult individuals with marketable size in both estuaries. (frontiersin.org)
However, virtually nothing is known of its genetic variation, in natural or domesticated populations. (unl.edu)
A year round field investigations were conducted with the aim to examine the seasonal variation in population dynamics of helminth parasites in Clarias batrachus from different natural aquatic habitat of north-eastern region of Bangladesh, Sylhet. (banglajol.info)
However, we still know little about the relative strength of these drivers in determining ITV variation in natural populations. (fu-berlin.de)
We suggest that climatic shelters found on the wintering grounds, such as fjords, could provide natural protection and partly explain inter-population heterogeneity. (reading.ac.uk)
Intersex is an umbrella term used to describe a wide range of natural bodily variations. (wikipedia.org)
Little is known, however, about the way the evolution of self-fertilization changes the amount or pattern of the components of genetic variation in natural populations. (bioone.org)

Information on vital rates of Brünnich's guillemots has until recently been limited to a few long-term studies, but thanks to recent expansions of seabird monitoring efforts in Greenland, Iceland and Arctic parts of Norway, a broader picture of demographic variation is now available. (npolar.no)
According to the authors of the article, low pre-breeding survival might be linked to poor feeding conditions in the autumn and winter, and their findings highlight the role of pre-breeding survival as a factor regulating seabird populations. (npolar.no)
Indeed, only few studies have examined the impact of tropical cyclones, another kind of cyclones, on the temporal variation of seabird survival and no study has explored the potential impact of ETCs, although the latters could be potential mechanisms behind some winter NAO-survival relationships highlighted in previous studies. (reading.ac.uk)

Ribosomal DNA variation and population differentiation in Salicornia L. (uea.ac.uk)
Analysis of nuclear rDNA variation within and between populations of Salicornia from the salt marsh at Stiffkey, Norfolk has detected new patterns of genetic differentiation. (uea.ac.uk)
1992). Ribosomal DNA variation and population differentiation in Salicornia L. New Phytologist , 122 (3), 553-565. (uea.ac.uk)

We used an integrative approach to comprehensively assess the interactions between 1.6 million data points, encompassing a range of environmental exposures, health, and gene expression levels, coupled with whole-genome genetic variation. (nature.com)

We used capture-mark-recapture (CMR) data sets collected in two arctic (northern Canada and Svalbard) and one subarctic (northern Norway) populations of Common eider, Somateria mollissima, over periods of 19, 16 and 30 years, respectively and corresponding datasets of winter ETCs in each wintering area to explore their link with the temporal variation of adult annual survival. (reading.ac.uk)

Our findings highlight genetic contributions to fitness, and the importance of effective population size and gene flow to counteract loss of genetic variation in a wild, free-ranging social carnivore. (biorxiv.org)
Given the need for comparative studies of functional genetic diversity, we investigated whether MHC diversity differs between populations which are open, that is experiencing gene flow, versus populations which are closed, that is isolated from other populations. (datadryad.org)
Therefore, loss of genetic diversity in lemurs, owing to small founder populations or reduced gene flow, can be mitigated by managed breeding efforts. (datadryad.org)
Finally, more recent evolution has been driven by population disjunction, limited gene flow, and bottleneck and/or associated founder effects.From this study it is apparent that the genus Geleznowia consists of at least two taxa and a series of hybrid derivatives. (edu.au)

Genetic variation in Asaum misandrum, a woodland herb in Korea, was investigated based on allozyme analysis with starch gel electrophoresis. (e-kjpt.org)

The analyses revealed large variations in breeding success, while adult survival was average or high in all colonies during the 2010s. (npolar.no)

Modern massive parallel sequencing (MPS) technologies, on the contrary, have the opportunity to allow in-depth characterization of sequence variation in more complex populations, including low-frequency viral strains. (biomedcentral.com)
This technique should prove very useful for the genetic analysis of characteristics that are determined by single nucleotide variations in viral RNA genomes. (edu.au)
Blanchard, CL & Anderson, BJ 1998, ' Detection of Single Nucleotide Variations in Viral RNA Populations by Primer Extension ', Plant Molecular Biology Reporter , vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 33-40. (edu.au)
Host obesity impacts genetic variation in influenza A viral populations. (bvsalud.org)
Using a co-caging study design, we investigated the maintenance , generation, and transmission of intrahost IAV genetic variation by sequencing viral genomic RNA obtained from nasal wash samples over multiple days of infection . (bvsalud.org)

Moreover, SNPs that were common in two or more populations often differed significantly in frequency from one another, particularly in comparisons of African Americans versus other U.S. populations. (blogspot.com)

For this reason, the prevalence of this deletion in the general population is difficult to determine but has been estimated at approximately 3 in 10,000. (medlineplus.gov)
and prevalence ranging from 4.9% - 64.7% few broad population-based epidemiological studies has been reported worldwide.2 These lesions may be of OMLs available in Nigeria in 1984. (who.int)
Population variation in migraine prevalence: a meta-analysis. (bvsalud.org)

Variation and population genetic structure in the Western Australian endemic genus Geleznowia Turcz. (edu.au)

In addition, we measured primary (amino acids and sugars) and secondary [glucosinolate (GS)] chemistry in plants exposed to the various plant population-treatment combinations to determine to what extent plant chemistry could explain variation in insect performance variables using multivariate statistics. (vu.nl)

Plant trait diversity is known to influence population yield, but the scale at which this happens remains unknown: divergent individuals might change yields of immediate neighbors (neighbor scale) or of plants across a population (population scale). (elifesciences.org)

Whole genome sequencing has led to the increasing reintegration of this gene-based view with population genetics, and also with the requirement for statistical methodology, the two subjects that Fisher pioneered a century ago. (cam.ac.uk)

Using the endangered ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) as a model, we compared two populations under long-term study: a relatively "open," wild population (n = 180) derived from Bezà Mahafaly Special Reserve, Madagascar (2003-2013) and a "closed," captive population (n = 121) derived from the Duke Lemur Center (DLC, 1980-2013) and from the Indianapolis and Cincinnati Zoos (2012). (datadryad.org)
Wild individuals possessed more MHC-DRB alleles than did captive individuals, and overall, the wild population had more unique MHC-DRB alleles that were more evenly distributed than did the captive population. (datadryad.org)
Quantifying MHC diversity within individuals and between populations is the necessary first step to identifying potential improvements to captive management and conservation plans. (datadryad.org)
The first column describes the population from which each individual originated, either the wild population located at Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve, Madagascar, or the captive population, including animals from the Cincinnati Zoo, the Indianapolis Zoo, and the Duke Lemur Center. (datadryad.org)

Objectives To describe trends in the epidemiology of gout and patterns of urate-lowering treatment (ULT) in the UK general population from 1997 to 2012. (bmj.com)
The intermediate form displays a stronger self-pollination mechanism than the small form.Patterns of genetic variation were analysed using both allozymes and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs). (edu.au)

We utilized genomic and pedigree data for Yellowstone National Park gray wolves to investigate the contributions of foundation stock lineages, genetic architecture of the effective population, and putative fitness consequences of inbreeding. (biorxiv.org)

A fortiori, very little has been done to study the potential heterogeneity within or between populations with different winter migratory tactics and undergoing different winter environmental conditions. (reading.ac.uk)

In this paper, the identification of the causal effect of R&D support on company performance is based on geographic variation in government funding arising from a population-density rule. (mit.edu)
It is adjusted to control the sample estimates for several geographic and demographic subgroups of the population. (cdc.gov)

Strikingly, the effective population carried a significantly lower level of genome-wide inbreeding coefficients and autozygosity with shorter decays for linkage disequilibrium relative to the non-breeding population. (biorxiv.org)

Accordingly, there is widespread interest in assessing the population structure of common alleles. (blogspot.com)
For all animals, we assessed MHC-DRB diversity and, across populations, we compared the number of unique MHC-DRB alleles and their distributions. (datadryad.org)
The lack of diverse ethnic representation in these data has created a gap in knowledge about the alleles present in non-White populations and their relative frequencies. (cdc.gov)
To obtain a more complete picture of the PGx alleles present in a diverse US population, approximately 5,000 DNA samples from the population-based NHANES will be tested to determine the PGx allele frequencies of 970 unique haplotypes in 150 pharmacogenes. (cdc.gov)
The PGx alleles will be correlated with sample ethnicity to determine the allele frequency of each pharmacogene in the various population groups. (cdc.gov)
This will facilitate development and validation of PGx tests capable of detecting important PGx alleles in African American, Asian, Hispanic, and White populations. (cdc.gov)

In the field and glasshouse, we observed overyielding in populations with low percentages of irMPK4 plants, unrelated to water-use phenotypes. (elifesciences.org)
In states where higher percentages of the population participate in cancer screening, more cancers will be diagnosed. (cdc.gov)

From ∼ 1000 individuals of a founder population in Quebec, we reveal a substantial impact of the environment on the transcriptome and clinical endophenotypes, overpowering that of genetic ancestry. (nature.com)

Some cancers have different cancer rates for different racial and ethnic populations. (cdc.gov)

We investigated whether variations in the frequency of the broad-headed morph were present in 2 different populations, Nopporo (a low-density population) and Erimo (a high-density population), by raising larvae from the respective populations under the same experimental conditions. (bioone.org)
These results suggest that the reaction norm with respect to the frequency of the broad-headed morph is different between the Nopporo and Erimo populations. (bioone.org)
The frequency distributions of private and common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were measured, and the extent to which common SNPs were shared across populations was analyzed using several different estimators of population structure. (blogspot.com)
Variation in rDNA was not obviously associated with variation in morphology, or with variations in isozyme frequency established previously. (uea.ac.uk)

A generally north to south spreading direction was found in these B. hybridum populations, towards a drier and warmer climate exhibiting higher moisture deficit for plant growth. (osti.gov)
As expected for group-living species, mean kinship significantly increased over time, although we found high retention of genetic variation. (biorxiv.org)

After modelling stochastically the growth rate of each regional population, the researchers compared their predictions to the observed regional population trends, aiming to identify mechanisms causing variation in demography and population trends between regions. (npolar.no)

The increasing amount of archaeological data, better documentation and new technologies now provide excellent opportunities for studying relative demographic fluctuations and regional variation even in Stone Age populations. (lu.se)
This multi-scale study will provide an original interpretation of demographic variations in a hunter-gatherer setting, and will be the first to present a comprehensive analysis of the paleodemography of Stone Age Fennoscandia. (lu.se)

In contrast, populations of the intermediate form are highly divergent (G(subscript)ST, 54%), with genetic diversity apportioned between populations (D(subscript)ST, 0.121) rather than within (H(subscript)S, 0.105). (edu.au)

Deep-sequencing allows for an in-depth characterization of sequence variation in complex populations. (biomedcentral.com)
A method for identifying and differentiating between two highly similar sequence variants in the cucumber mosaic virus RNA 5 population is described. (edu.au)

Design Population based cohort study. (bmj.com)
Forslund T, Wettermark B, Andersen M, Hjemdahl P. Stroke and bleeding with NOAC or warfarin treatment in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a population based cohort study. (janusinfo.se)
Sveréus S, Larsson K, Rehnberg C. Clinic continuity of care, clinical outcomes and direct costs for COPD in Sweden: a population based cohort study. (janusinfo.se)
Eriksson I, Cars T, Piehl F, Malmström R, Wettermark B, von Euler M. Persistence with dimethyl fumarate in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a population based cohort study. (janusinfo.se)

Development and Characterization of an Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) Induced Mutant Population in Capsicum annuum L. (mdpi.com)

Furthermore, functional variation within a species and its populations can help buffer against harmful environmental changes. (fu-berlin.de)
Our findings demonstrate how the local environment directly affects disease risk phenotypes and that genetic variation, including less common variants, can modulate individual's response to environmental challenges. (nature.com)
Comparison of these results with those for populations from an extensive study, ranging from Anglesey (N. Wales) to S.W. Spain and the Gulf coast of Saudi Arabia, suggested that the rDNA variation and its association with environmental variation are complex and site-dependent. (uea.ac.uk)

The occurrence rate of the broad-headed "cannibal" morph was significantly different between the 2 populations when examined with different experimental larval densities. (bioone.org)

This, of course, depends on how population boundaries are defined, but often cited to support such comments are the comparisons of SNP frequencies in pairs of populations in the HapMap data and the Perlegen data. (blogspot.com)
For this study, the researchers used data on population size, breeding success and adult survival of Brünnich's guillemots from several colonies in Canada, Greenland, Iceland and Norway, which were divided into three study regions. (npolar.no)
Creation of the comprehensive PGx data set proposed in this project will, for the first time, help to establish the allele frequencies in 150 pharmacogenes across ethnicities in the US population. (cdc.gov)
For a more detailed breakdown of the mid-2019 population estimates data, see our publication tables, detailed time-series tables , or Nomis . (ons.gov.uk)
This enables population based statistical data collection. (cdc.gov)

IT population response magnitude strongly correlates with image memorability. (elifesciences.org)

Since observed population growth rates were lower than modelled growth rates for most colonies, the results suggested that the survival rates of fledged Brünnich's guillemot chicks up to their return to the colony to breed were lower than assumed. (npolar.no)

In addition, databases that aggregate allele frequencies, such as gnomAD are also biased toward European populations and contain very little information from individuals of African or other ancestries. (cdc.gov)

Also an interesting view of the genetic structure of the main US population groups. (blogspot.com)

Many Brünnich's guillemot populations in the Atlantic Arctic are declining rapidly, particularly those in Svalbard, Iceland and a large part of Greenland. (npolar.no)
Furthurmore, even in higher latitudes, in subtropical areas, during summer months, populations can Rapidly growth being able to cause economic damages. (biotaneotropica.org.br)

I use variation in class size driven by idiosyncratic variation in the population. (repec.org)
In animals, ITV can be driven by ontogeny, the environment in which populations live and by within‐individual specialization or variation unrelated to growth. (fu-berlin.de)

We find that variation in a single-gene, MPK4 , is responsible for population overyielding through a mechanism, independent of irMPK4's WUE phenotype, at the aboveground, population scale. (elifesciences.org)

Lifespan and heterozygosity were higher in the effective population, although individuals who had their first litter at an older age also had higher inbreeding coefficients. (biorxiv.org)
Cross-attraction between individuals from Kansas and from each of the other three populations was tested in paired experiments in a wind tunnel using live females as the source of pheromone. (uky.edu)

Anatomy7

Organisms26

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs12

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment58

Psychiatry and Psychology7

Phenomena and Processes108

Disciplines and Occupations9

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena6

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science14

Named Groups8

Health Care50

Geographicals13

Loci2

Morphological4

Differences14

Traits7

Local populations2

Variability5

Genes3

Phenotypic3

Incidence2

Spatial4

ABSTRACT1

Factors5

Natural8

Seabird3

Differentiation3

Exposures1

Temporal1

Gene flow4

Electrophoresis1

Analyses1

Viral5

Versus1

Prevalence3

Endemic1

Multivariate1

Trait1

Genetics1

Captive4

Patterns2

Genomic1

Heterogeneity1

Geographic2

Significantly lower1

Alleles6

Percentages2

Founder1

Different racial1

Frequency4

Found2

Demography1

Demographic2

Intermediate1

Sequence2

Cohort study4

Characterization1

Environmental3

Occurrence1

Data5

Correlates1

Survival1

Frequencies1

Genetic structure1

Rapidly2

Driven2

Aboveground1

Individuals2