RatiosNitrogen stable isotopeAtomsDioxideABSTRACTOxygen isotopesElementalDelta C-13DatasetRadioactiveInfer trophicMeasurementsCollagenStable carbonExcursionCompositionsDilutionVariationBoneSkeletonsAbundanceCarbonate2022SpeciesSedimentsTrophicHydrogen oxygenCarbonatesNeutronsAnalysisTissueAnoxiaShallow-marineMassUnstableDiscriminationRatio of carbonDataAtomOrganic carbonInvestigateSedimentaryDistinguishAmountsDolomitesDecayDistinctDeterminationSulfurConjunctionMeasurement
Ratios11
- Analysis of stable isotope ratios from mineralised tissue has been widely used for dietary reconstruction. (springer.com)
- Tree-ring stable carbon isotope ratios (delta C-13) often display a decline over the industrial period (post-AD1850) that is only partly explained by changes in the isotopic ratio of carbon dioxide (CO2) and may represent a response to increased atmospheric concentrations Of CO2 (ca). (columbia.edu)
- The carbon you eat goes into your hair, so hair is a record of carbon ratios. (pnnl.gov)
- Instead, they precisely measure carbon isotope ratios. (icr.org)
- Experts must therefore convert the isotope ratios into "ages" using a series of formulas. (icr.org)
- δ 15 N values and C/N ratios did not change in Symbiodinium and host tissue along the p CO 2 gradient. (nature.com)
- We found that, after calibration, CLM was able to reasonably simulate the observed fluxes of energy and carbon, carbon stocks, carbon isotope ratios, and ecosystem response to water stress. (copernicus.org)
- We also demonstrated that including a broader range of samples (e.g. host food and faeces, multiple parasite life stages) helped understand the metabolic mechanisms used by the various participants, and that using carbon stable isotope values and C:N ratios allowed to identify an important lipid requirement of these trematode parasites. (datadryad.org)
- Tissue was lyophilized in freeze drier for 48 hours, homogenized using mortar and pestle, encapsulated in tin (Sn) capsules, and sent for measurements of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios and elemental contents at an external lab. (cioospacific.ca)
- Results show that normal (nonpathological) skeletons exhibit limited intraskeletal variation in carbon- and nitrogen-isotope ratios, suggesting that sampling of distinct elements is appropriate for paleodiet studies. (who.int)
- The measurement of uranium (U) isotope ratios in urine provides valuable information about the source of U exposure in humans and can be vitally important in a radiological emergency. (cdc.gov)
Nitrogen stable isotope1
- The main reason for this scarcity is the lack of an obvious pattern in the ratio of nitrogen stable isotope values ( δ 15 N) of parasites in comparison to their host tissues, which would be key to understand any host-parasite system dynamics. (datadryad.org)
Atoms6
- Ratio of carbon atoms/nitrogen atoms. (noaa.gov)
- Carbon-14 ( 14 C) atoms are like needles in carbon-12 haystacks. (icr.org)
- In our atmosphere, only about one in a trillion carbon atoms is 14C. (futurelearn.com)
- Carbon-13 only accounts for ~1% of all carbon atoms ( 12 C ~99%), but the more carbon atoms in the molecule, the greater the probability of observing this 13 C M+1 peak. (docbrown.info)
- chloroethane has 2 carbon atoms, so on average, ~1 in 50 molecules will contain a 13 C atom. (docbrown.info)
- Unless otherwise indicated, assume the carbon atoms in chloroethane are the 12 C isotope. (docbrown.info)
Dioxide18
- Plants find it easier to use the lighter isotopes (12 C ) when they convert sunlight and carbon dioxide into food. (wikipedia.org)
- This was done by analysing the purified effluent carbon dioxide from the reaction, at various fixed stages of completeness, by means of a mass spectrometer. (gla.ac.uk)
- The reaction involving the heavy isotope Is a little slower than the light one, so the carbon dioxide appears to have an abnormally low C13 content and from this k12/k13 can be calculated. (gla.ac.uk)
- Since C14 is beta-radioactive, the samples of effluent carbon dioxide were analysed by counting measured volumes in a Geiger counter, using a simple standard technique, being derived in a manner similar to that used for k12/k13. (gla.ac.uk)
- Increasing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions drive ongoing ocean acidification (OA) and place marine ecosystems in a vulnerable state 1 . (nature.com)
- We cannot see or taste carbon dioxide, one of the two main products of that combustion, the other being water vapour. (skepticalscience.com)
- Once up there, one key difference between carbon dioxide and water vapour becomes critically important. (skepticalscience.com)
- Carbon dioxide has no liquid state at the pressures encountered in Earth's atmosphere. (skepticalscience.com)
- Instead, at normal atmospheric pressures, it sublimes from solid to gas at −78 °C. Solid carbon dioxide is also known as dry ice, but cannot form in the range of temperatures found within Earth's atmosphere, although it is produced industrially for various purposes. (skepticalscience.com)
- So as opposed to water vapour, carbon dioxide is an example of a non-condensing gas: once up there it stays up there for a long time. (skepticalscience.com)
- If you needed a smoking gun in order to accept the above, there is one: carbon dioxide derived from fossil fuel burning has a very distinct chemical fingerprint that is readily measurable in air samples. (skepticalscience.com)
- The next step is we have to convert the collagen to carbon dioxide. (futurelearn.com)
- Copper oxide provides oxygen to generate the carbon dioxide. (futurelearn.com)
- We isolate the carbon dioxide using liquid nitrogen, which is cold enough to freeze carbon dioxide into a solid. (futurelearn.com)
- We transfer the carbon dioxide into an individual reactor. (futurelearn.com)
- We then add hydrogen to the carbon dioxide. (futurelearn.com)
- We heat it at 560 degrees, and after two hours, the carbon dioxide has turned into elemental carbon or graphite. (futurelearn.com)
- Measurements of carbon will also become more important as trading systems come into effect to combat climate change effects from the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. (nist.gov)
ABSTRACT1
- ABSTRACT: The elemental (C, N, and P) and isotope (δ 13 C, δ 15 N) content of leaves of the seagrasses Thalassia testudinum , Halodule wrightii , and Syringodium filiforme were measured across a 10000 km 2 survey of the seagrass communities of South Florida, USA, in 1999 and 2000. (int-res.com)
Oxygen isotopes2
- Carbon and oxygen isotopes of cool-water bryozoans from the Great Australian Bight and their paleoenvironmental significance. (tamu.edu)
- In order to figure out where people might be from, they examined oxygen isotopes from the teeth, carbon and nitrogen isotopes from the bones, and the shape of the skull, correlating those data where possible with burial evidence. (forbes.com)
Elemental8
- The elemental and stable isotope contents of all species were variable and demonstrated marked interspecific variation. (int-res.com)
- Similar trends were observed in local comparisons, suggesting that taxon-specific physiological/ecological properties strongly control interspecific variation in elemental and stable isotope content. (int-res.com)
- This work documents interspecific variation in the nutrient dynamics of 3 common seagrasses in South Florida, indicating that interpretation of elemental and stable isotope values needs to be species specific. (int-res.com)
- Campbell JE, Fourqurean JW (2009) Interspecific variation in the elemental and stable isotope content of seagrasses in South Florida. (int-res.com)
- Total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) were measured on acidified samples on the elemental analyzer. (umich.edu)
- Using combined transmitted-reflected light microscopy, scanning electron microscope imagery, electron microprobe elemental analysis and stable isotope geochemistry, the present study reveals four new aspects of the genus Pithonella , notably, the following. (bioone.org)
- Samples were analysed on an Elemental Analyser coupled to an Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer. (cioospacific.ca)
- Stable isotope ratio and elemental contents. (cioospacific.ca)
Delta C-131
- Three of the FAs in the surface sediment samples, C-16(:1 omega 7c), C-16(:1 omega 5c/t), and C-18(:1 omega 7c) were characterized by lower delta C-13 values than the remaining FAs. (diva-portal.org)
Dataset1
- Validation of the correlation between Niobrara and Codell production GOR and stable isotope composition was provided by an independent geochemistry dataset from the USGS. (onepetro.org)
Radioactive9
- Has 2 halo neutrons Carbon-11 or 11 C is a radioactive isotope of carbon that decays to boron-11. (wikipedia.org)
- 11 C → 11 B + e+ + ν e + 0.96 MeV 11 C + e− → 11 B + ν e + 1.98 MeV It is produced from nitrogen in a cyclotron by the reaction 14 N + p → 11 C + 4 He Carbon-11 is commonly used as a radioisotope for the radioactive labeling of molecules in positron emission tomography. (wikipedia.org)
- Stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C), sulfur (δ34S), oxygen (δ18O), hydrogen (δ2H), nitrogen (δ15N), and radioactive isotope of hydrogen (tritium) have been applied in combination with conventional techniques (chemical) to investigate Karachi coastal water pollution due to Layari and Malir rivers, which mainly carry the domestic and industrial wastewater of Karachi Metropolitan. (intechopen.com)
- A radiometric dating uses the known rate of decay of radioactive isotopes to date an object. (futurelearn.com)
- Each radioactive isotope has a known, fixed rate of decay, which we call a half-life. (futurelearn.com)
- The rest (1.1%) is mostly made up of Carbon 13 (13C), which is also stable, and Carbon 14 (14C) which is unstable - or radioactive. (futurelearn.com)
- Alpha particle ( ionizing radiation ) - two neutrons and two protons bound as a single particle (a helium nucleus) that is emitted from the nucleus of certain radioactive isotopes in the process of disintegration. (cdc.gov)
- Background radioactivity - radioactive elements in the natural environment including those in the crust of the earth (like radioactive potassium, uranium, and thorium isotopes) and those produced by cosmic rays. (cdc.gov)
- Beta particle ( ionizing radiation ) - a charged particle emitted from the nucleus of certain unstable atomic nuclei (radioactive isotopes), having the charge and mass of an electron. (cdc.gov)
Infer trophic1
- This fractionation enables the use of stable nitrogen isotopes (δ 15 N) to infer trophic level, and high δ 15 N recorded in bone collagen usually indicates high-protein diets (Sponheimer et al. (springer.com)
Measurements3
- This method, which uses an ultraviolet laser developed as part of PNNL's Microbial Communities Initiative , permits spatially resolved carbon stable isotope measurements versus standard methods that produce average, bulk-type measurements. (pnnl.gov)
- Stable isotope measurements are a valuable tool for unraveling physical, biological, and chemical processes, interactions, and mechanisms at scales ranging from the atmosphere to individual microorganism cells. (pnnl.gov)
- In this paper, hydrogen-oxygen and carbon stable isotope technology, and physiological index measurements were applied to determine the leaf traits, water-use efficiency, and photosynthetic characteristics of Impatiens hainanensis leaves in dry and foggy seasons, hoping to expound the adaptation mechanism of I. hainanensis leaves to the water dynamics in dry and foggy seasons. (mdpi.com)
Collagen4
- Additionally, the human samples have higher stable isotope differences, in comparison with faunal samples, than would be expected within the food web, particularly for δ 13 C. This human bone collagen δ 13 C enrichment may reflect a diet rich in aquatic protein intake, which is also supported by δ 34 S archived in human and faunal samples, and the presence of oysters and cockles shells at the excavation. (springer.com)
- Dietary Stable Isotope Analysis (carbon and nitrogen) of bone collagen reveals aspects of past diet. (york.ac.uk)
- This research investigates the degree to which bone collagen delta(13) C and delta(15) N values normally vary within the skeleton and examines the influence of several diseases common to ancient populations on these isotopic compositions. (who.int)
- Based on these results, we suggest that paleodiet researchers avoid sampling collagen at or close to lesion sites because the isotope values may be reflecting both altered metabolic processes and differences in diet relative to others in the population. (who.int)
Stable carbon4
- Stable carbon (δ¹³C) and hydrogen (δ²H) isotopes have been used to characterize hydrocarbons for exploration, development and production since the 1960s, and have re-emerged as predictive tools with the development of unconventional "tight" oil and gas plays. (onepetro.org)
- Stable carbon and hydrogen isotope values show a strong correlation to both initial and cumulative GOR for the unconventional Niobrara and Codell intervals of Wattenberg Field. (onepetro.org)
- Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data from green turtles sampled at Dry Tortugas National Park, FL. (usgs.gov)
- Unaltered pithonellids reveal a calcite chemistry characterized by comparably high Mg-contents, relatively enriched stable carbon isotope values, and stable oxygen values indicating a surface water habitat. (bioone.org)
Excursion4
- The positive δ 13 C excursion and the extinctions have been linked to increased marine productivity (ocean eutrophication), leading to increased organic carbon burial, and expansion of marine anoxia in shallow continental seas. (lu.se)
- Before the middle-late Miocene EAIS/cooling shift, the benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotope record shows a brief but distinct negative excursion in the early middle Miocene that represents the most depleted values of the entire Neogene. (google.com)
- MCIE: Monterey carbon isotope excursion. (google.com)
- We also observed a relatively large excursion in δ 15 N values, indicating rapid climatic and environmental/hydrological changes at the YD onset. (nature.com)
Compositions4
- The aerosols were analysed for their Pb isotopic compositions, ð¹³C values and trace element abundance. (bl.uk)
- The purpose of this paper is to investigate dietary changes of A. viridis using isotopic compositions, particularly carbon source shifts in the anemone metabolism, in response to high p CO 2 /low pH conditions in situ . (nature.com)
- Altogether, these isotopic compositions are consistent with a basinal-type fluid with reduced sulfur very likely being derived through thermochemical reduction of dissolved sulfate, resulting in metal precipitation, and carbon of mainly marine Aalenian-Bajocian carbonate origin with a minor biogenic component. (usgs.gov)
- The carbon isotope values which signify the tendency of the carbon isotope compositions have remained intact at their given locality. (exclusivepapers.com)
Dilution4
- New high-accuracy isotope dilution mass spectrometric analytical methods have been developed for the measurement of mercury and chlorine in complex matrix materials. (nist.gov)
- Paulsen, P. J. and Kelly, W. R., Determination of Sulfur as Arsenic Mono-sulfide Ion by Isotope Dilution Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry , Anal. (nist.gov)
- Kelly, W. R. and Paulsen, P. J., Precise and Accurate Determination of High Concentrations of Sulfur by Isotope Dilution Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry , Talanta, 31:1063-1068 (1984). (nist.gov)
- This procedure involves enzymatic hydrolysis of glucuronidated/sulfated OH-PAH metabolites in urine, extraction, derivatization, and analysis using isotope dilution capillary gas chromatog¬raphy tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Ion transitions specific to each analyte and carbon-13 labeled internal standards are monitored, and the abundances of each ion are measured. (cdc.gov)
Variation7
- Freshwater fish exhibit variation in δ 13 C depending on the ecosystem as freshwater plants have numerous sources of carbon, unlike terrestrial plants (Zohary et al. (springer.com)
- This study investigates natural variation in C and N stable isotopes among plant species in two western Amazon flooded forests with contrasting watershed biogeochemistry (white-water várzea-forest and black-water igapó-forest). (scielo.br)
- The high floristic diversity of both forests was reflected in large within-site interspecific variation in both δ 13 C and δ 15 N. Paired comparisons revealed that δ 13 C of wood and fruits and δ 15 N of fruits were generally greater than values obtained for leaves from the same plant. (scielo.br)
- 5. We have shown that by focussing on a single host species and a single taxonomic group of parasites, we can remove a certain amount of variation recorded by broader isotope studies. (datadryad.org)
- The seasonal variation in δ13C values was measured in leaves from 17 upper canopy five mid- canopy and in four gap tree species as well as in five epiphyte and five vine species in a seasonally dry lowland tropical forest at Parque Natural Metropolitano near Panama City Republic of Panama. (lianaecologyproject.com)
- No seasonal variation was detected in the δ13C values of mature exposed leaves from either the upper or mid- canopy. (lianaecologyproject.com)
- The oxygen isotope values, which were isolated from 19 of these people, range widely -- too much to be explained by local variation in water sources. (forbes.com)
Bone1
- By measuring bone carbon and nitrogen concentrations, researchers were able to discern whether the whale's diet consisted of food from the water column or from the sea floor. (sciencedaily.com)
Skeletons2
- This study is the first of its kind to analyse carbon, nitrogen and sulphur stable isotope data from skeletons of the eleventh-seventeenth centuries in Portugal. (springer.com)
- Skeletons with periostitis result in significant intraskeletal differences in nitrogen isotope values only, while those with rickets/osteomalacia do not exhibit significant intraskeletal differences. (who.int)
Abundance2
- Where more than one isotope exists, the value given is the abundance weighted average. (rsc.org)
- The most abundant ion of the molecule under mass spectrometry investigation (chloroethane) is usually given an arbitrary abundance value of 100 , called the base ion peak , and all other abundances ('intensities') are measured against it. (docbrown.info)
Carbonate2
- Zierl, T. (2023): Carbon isotope stratigraphy, carbonate sedimentology, and microfossil record across the Triassic-Jurassic boundary in the Northern Calcareous Alps - Fonsjoch and Schloßgraben sections, Austria. (uibk.ac.at)
- Ullmann, C. V. (2019): Sedimentology, carbon isotope stratigraphy and micropalaeontology of the Rhaetian Zlambach Formation-Implications for the Dachstein carbonate platform development (Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria). (uibk.ac.at)
20221
Species3
- It was possible to 'rank' these parasite species and assess their 'relative' trophic position using δ 15 N values. (datadryad.org)
- The five epiphyte species exhibited δ13C values that were typical of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). (lianaecologyproject.com)
- Codonanthe uleana with isotopic values of -19.9 to -22.1 per mil is only the second species in the Gesneriaceae reported to express CAM whereas values between -14.6 and -22.0 per mil indicate that Peperomia macrostachya can exhibit different degrees of CAM. (lianaecologyproject.com)
Sediments2
- However, we also show that these relationships are complex, with different relationships observed for oxic and anoxic sediments and highest values measured in sediments deposited in oxic environments overlain with relatively methane-rich water. (diva-portal.org)
- A 2021 study had assigned an age of about 22,000 carbon years to sediments that hold mammoth, giant sloth, and human footprints found in the ancient Lake Otero Basin. (icr.org)
Trophic2
- 1. Stable isotopes have been sporadically used over the last two decades to characterise host-parasite trophic relationships. (datadryad.org)
- 3. We used stable isotopes to investigate each host-trematode trophic relationship and shed light on the mechanisms utilised by the parasite to reroute its hosts' biomass. (datadryad.org)
Hydrogen oxygen1
- A method for determining the 18O/16O ratio of organic matter composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen is described. (eurekamag.com)
Carbonates1
- To explore this idea, we reconstruct the contemporaneous global extent of marine anoxia using uranium (U) isotopes from Ludfordian marine carbonates sampled from two widely spaced paleogeographic locations. (lu.se)
Neutrons2
- The weight of an atom of oxygen-16 (an oxygen atom with eight neutrons in the nucleus) was found to be 2.657 × 10 -23 grams and an atom of carbon-12 (a carbon atom with six neutrons in the nucleus) was found to weigh 1.99 × 10 -23 grams. (jrank.org)
- But carbon 12 atomic nuclei contain six neutrons whereas 13C has seven and 14C has eight. (skepticalscience.com)
Analysis9
- Stable Isotope Lab analysis of fish samples collected at various locations throughout Washington state between 2007 and 2009. (noaa.gov)
- Stable isotope analysis can be executed pre-completion on samples obtained from mud gas and/or gas desorbing from cuttings and core. (onepetro.org)
- 2011. 'Laser ablation isotope ratio mass spectrometry for enhanced sensitivity and spatial resolution in stable isotope analysis. (pnnl.gov)
- This culminated in a dissertation project wherein I utilised stable isotope analysis in conjunction with the standard zooarchaeological recording of a 14th Century sub-assemblage of Atlantic Hake (Merluccius merluccius) remains to establish their provenance, and by proxy, the possibility of their trade. (york.ac.uk)
- DNA and stable isotope analysis of an anomalous skull from the Natural History Museum of Denmark has allowed researchers to confirm the existence of a narwhal-beluga hybrid. (sciencedaily.com)
- Using DNA and stable isotope analysis, the scientists determined that the skull belonged to a male, first-generation hybrid between a female narwhal and male beluga. (sciencedaily.com)
- The isotope analysis allowed us to determine that the animal's diet was entirely different than that of a narwhal or beluga -- and it is possible that its teeth influenced its foraging strategy. (sciencedaily.com)
- Our inversion analysis suggests that Q10 and light use efficiency values that minimize the cost function covary. (escholarship.org)
- Far fewer of the individuals produced good data for carbon and nitrogen analysis of diet -- just half of the sample was testable, and those data reveal a diet similar to what was eaten in selected other parts of the Empire. (forbes.com)
Tissue1
- δ 13 C values for both algal symbionts ( Symbiodinium ) and host tissue of A. viridis became significantly lighter with increasing seawater p CO 2 . (nature.com)
Anoxia1
- Thus, increased marine primary productivity and marine anoxia may have caused the initial carbon cycle disturbance and the extinctions but was not a main driver for the continued growth and exceptional magnitude of the MLCIE. (lu.se)
Shallow-marine1
- Korte, C. (2009): Stratigraphic significance of carbon isotope variations in the shallow marine Seis/Siusi Permian-Triassic boundary section (Southern Alps, Italy). (uibk.ac.at)
Mass9
- The unified atomic mass unit is defined as 1/12 of the mass of an unbound atom of carbon-12 in its ground state. (wikipedia.org)
- This unit is defined as 1/12 the mass of carbon-12 (12 C) and is equal to 1.6606 × 10 -24 grams. (jrank.org)
- On this scale, carbon-12 weighs exactly 12 atomic mass units. (jrank.org)
- The mass of an atom relative to that of carbon-12. (rsc.org)
- The ions are then separated in a magnetic field, or a mass spectrometer, where we can separate out carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14. (futurelearn.com)
- The beam then goes through another magnetic field, or the second mass spectrometer, in the accelerator mass spectrometer, where we can measure carbon-12 and carbon-13. (futurelearn.com)
- Since chlorine has two common isotopes of 35 Cl and 37 Cl in the ratio 3 : 1, you should observe double peaks in the intensity ratio 3 : 1, two mass units apart for molecular fragments containing a chlorine atom from the fragmentation pattern of 1-chlorobutane. (docbrown.info)
- A benefit of the new definition of the kilogram is that there is the opportunity to realise the SI unit of mass anywhere in the world and at any mass value. (npl.co.uk)
- The bulk sedimentary d15N was measured on unacidified samples with isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). (umich.edu)
Unstable1
Discrimination1
- A significant contribution of g mes to leaf carbon isotope discrimination values was observed. (afs-journal.org)
Data5
- Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN). (wikipedia.org)
- Richards and Hedges 1999 ), especially when combined with carbon isotope data. (springer.com)
- Stable isotope data for replacement and hydrothermal dolomites are tightly clustered and overlapping, with δ 18 O and δ 13 C values from 20.5 to 21.2 and 0.2 to 0.7‰, respectively. (usgs.gov)
- Incomplete data or improbable values were sent to the performing laboratory for confirmation. (cdc.gov)
- Therefore, it is important to know the value of the lowest possible estimate in this survey that is considered reliable, so as not to present data in a journal article or paper that may be unreliable. (cdc.gov)
Atom2
- Carbon 14 only occurs in tiny traces - about one atom per gram of carbon is a ballpark figure. (skepticalscience.com)
- Carbon-14 is further filtered by an energy philtre, and we measure each carbon-14 atom as it hits a silicon detector. (futurelearn.com)
Organic carbon4
- Extrinsic sources of carbon for the host include zooplankton and particulate organic carbon (POC) 17 . (nature.com)
- Korte, C. (2011): Organic carbon isotope values from the Late Permian Seis/Siusi succession (Dolomites, Italy): Implications for palaeoenvironmental changes. (uibk.ac.at)
- TOC (%): Total organic carbon of the acidified samples (unit: wt. (umich.edu)
- Adsorption Coefficient (Koc)-- The ratio of the amount of a chemical adsorbed per unit surface area or per unit weight of organic carbon of a specific particle size in the soil or sediment to the concentration of the chemical in solution at equilibrium. (cdc.gov)
Investigate1
- We examined the natural variability of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in the symbiotic sea anemone Anemonia viridis to investigate dietary shifts (autotrophy/heterotrophy) along a natural p CO 2 gradient at the island of Vulcano, Italy. (nature.com)
Sedimentary1
- This sensitivity to temperature and pressure means that outside of very deep water environments, methane hydrate typically occurs at considerable depths in the sedimentary column (ref. 1): values of 200-500m beneath surface are commonly cited as being within the 'gas hydrate stability zone' (GHSZ). (skepticalscience.com)
Distinguish1
- The predicted GOR values were then used to accurately distinguish reservoir fluid classification. (onepetro.org)
Amounts2
- As applied to the Initiative, the enhanced sensitivity of the laser ablation measurement approach will be harnessed for measuring stable isotope content of nanogram amounts of RNA samples. (pnnl.gov)
- Young brachiopods are observed to experience faster growth rates compared to the older ones, which are expected to produce lower amounts of carbon isotopes. (exclusivepapers.com)
Dolomites1
- 87 Sr/ 86 Sr values of replacement dolostone are similar to those of ore-related hydrothermal dolomites, ranging from 0.70746 to 0.70833 and from 0.70769 to 0.70828, respectively, and are different from those of the Visean rhyodacite (0.71849-0.72167). (usgs.gov)
Decay2
- Light isotopes tend to decay into isotopes of boron and heavy ones tend to decay into isotopes of nitrogen. (wikipedia.org)
- This means that if we know the isotope and its rate of decay, then we can calculate how old the substance is. (futurelearn.com)
Distinct2
- Distinct isotopic values can be measured at just over 50 µm spacing along a solid sample. (pnnl.gov)
- This approach also can be applied to microbial mat and biofilm systems, where carbon isotopes can be measured at distinct layers in the system. (pnnl.gov)
Sulfur2
Conjunction1
Measurement1
- Accuracy is a measure of how close a value is to the true number, or a measure of the correctness of a measurement. (cdc.gov)