Vacuum tubes cesium. Medical search. Frequent questions

Caesium has physical and chemical properties similar to those of rubidium and potassium. (wikipedia.org)
The chemistry of caesium is similar to that of other alkali metals, in particular rubidium, the element above caesium in the periodic table. (wikipedia.org)
All of the known pegmatites tested by drilling exhibit good continuity to depth, high degrees of fractionation and are enriched in cesium, lithium and tantalum, as well as rubidium. (avalonadvancedmaterials.com)

Caesium is mined mostly from pollucite. (wikipedia.org)
The most important source of commercial cesium is a mineral known as pollucite, which usually contains about 5-32% cesium oxide (Cs 2 O). No known taste or odor is associated with cesium compounds. (cdc.gov)
The most important source of commercial cesium is a mineral known as pollucite, which usually contains about 5-32% cesium oxide (Cs2O). (cdc.gov)
Cesium is found in the mineral pollux, or pollucite, which occurs on the island of Elba, in South Africa, in the United States in Maine and South Dakota, and in Manitoba, Canada. (elementalmatter.info)
Bernic lake (in Canada) has the largest deposits of Pollucite (which is an ore of cesium). (knordslearning.com)
Cesium occurs in the mineral pollucite and lithium occurs primarily in both spodumene and lepidolite in the dykes explored to date. (avalonadvancedmaterials.com)
Cesium values in the Pollucite Dyke range up to 6.2% Cs 2 O over 1.70m and is so named because the cesium ore mineral pollucite is one of the dominant mineral phases in this dyke. (avalonadvancedmaterials.com)

Crystalline cesium iodide and cesium fluoride are used in scintillation counters, which convert energy from ionizing radiation into pulses of visible light for radiation detection and spectroscopy. (cdc.gov)
The arc tube is dosed with dysprosium iodide, delivering a multi-line spectrum of high colour rendering quality. (lamptech.co.uk)
Thallium iodide is added to bring the colour point onto the blackbody locus, and since the RE discharges tend to be constricted and as a result rather unstable, caesium iodide is used as an arc-fattening agent. (lamptech.co.uk)

The Standardised Periodic Table in use today was agreed by the International Union of Pure Applied Chemistry, IUPAC, in 1985 and now recognises more periods and elements than Dimitri Mendeleev knew in his day in his day but still all fitting into his concept of the 'Periodic Table' in which Cesium is just one element that can be found. (elementalmatter.info)
The variant spelling cesium is used especially in North American English , and the IUPAC has recognized it as a variant spelling since 1993 [ citation needed ] , but caesium is the spelling used by the IUPAC. (wikidoc.org)

Cesium is used in the hydrogenation of organic compounds. (knordslearning.com)
Caesium is used as a catalyst in the hydrogenation of certain organic compounds . (wikidoc.org)

Cesium reacts explosively with cold water, and reacts with ice at temperatures above -116 C. Tiny quantities of cesium chloride are found in mineral springs and in seawater. (elementalmatter.info)
Because of their high density, caesium chloride solutions are commonly used in molecular biology for density gradient ultracentrifugation, primarily for the isolation of viral particles, subcellular organelles and fractions, and nucleic acids from biological samples. (wikidoc.org)
Experience the fascinating phenomenon as high-purity cesium chloride under vacuum is excited by a simple Tesla coil. (smart-elements.com)
The mysterious glow of Cesium chloride under irradiation in vacuum. (smart-elements.com)

The German chemist Robert Bunsen and physicist Gustav Kirchhoff discovered caesium in 1860 by the newly developed method of flame spectroscopy. (wikipedia.org)

Cesium is ductile and it can be drawn into thin wires. (knordslearning.com)

Cesium was discovered by Fustov Kirchoff and Robert Bunsen in 1860 from mineral water found in D rkheim, Germany. (elementalmatter.info)

Since then, caesium has been widely used in highly accurate atomic clocks. (wikipedia.org)
Cesium is also used in highly accurate atomic clocks. (cdc.gov)
Cesium-based atomic clocks have been around since the mid-1950s. (youthwavebd.com)
Caesium is also notably used in atomic clocks , which are accurate to seconds in many thousands of years. (wikidoc.org)

the alloy with a molar distribution of 41% caesium, 47% potassium, and 12% sodium has the lowest melting point of any known metal alloy, at −78 °C (−108 °F). A few amalgams have been studied: CsHg 2 is black with a purple metallic lustre, while CsHg is golden-coloured, also with a metallic lustre. (wikipedia.org)
Caesium is so reactive with oxygen that it is used as a getter in vacuum tubes, and solutions of potassium and sodium, so called NaK are used to deoxygenate and dehydrate some organic solvents. (techxplore.com)

The golden colour of caesium comes from the decreasing frequency of light required to excite electrons of the alkali metals as the group is descended. (wikipedia.org)
A beam of electrons would shine down the length of the tube onto a shadow mask containing holes arranged in a "reflected binary code," which would later be known as a Gray code . (hackaday.com)
Electronics is the branch of physics concerned with the generation and behavior of electrons, as in transistors and electron tubes. (britannica.com)
They are produced by an x-ray tube, using a high voltage to accelerate the electrons produced by its cathode. (slideshare.net)

The first small-scale applications for caesium were as a "getter" in vacuum tubes and in photoelectric cells. (wikipedia.org)
Sometimes cesium is used as a getter for residual gas impurities in vacuum tubes and as a coating in tungsten filaments or cathodes of the tubes. (cdc.gov)
getter" for residual gases in vacuum tubes, etc. (trigpss.com)
Like other elements of group 1, caesium has a great affinity for oxygen and is used as a " getter " in vacuum tubes . (wikidoc.org)

In 1929, Kohler made a silver-oxygen-cesium photocathode and a photocell resulted. (rfcafe.com)
The tubes used an anode and an S-1 photocathode, made primarily of cesium, silver, and oxygen, and electrostatic inversion with electron acceleration was used to achieve gain. (expertnightvision.com)
Night vision scope Gen 2 tubes improve mainly in the image intensifier tube using a micro-channel plate (MCP) with the S-25 photocathode. (expertnightvision.com)

But the heart of the system is invisible to the eye: a pool of cesium atoms sailing around inside a near-vacuum within that big tube. (youthwavebd.com)
Scientists have defined the length of one second in terms of cesium atoms since 1967. (youthwavebd.com)
A device that produces a fountain of caesium atoms could boost understanding of the Universe by measuring the frequency of light absorbed by antimatter. (dupont-hecai.com)
Laser-cooled caesium atoms held in a vacuum chamber are launched up into a magnetically controlled tube before falling back down again. (dupont-hecai.com)
If a laser shoots at waves of cesium atoms, it can direct the atoms down two separate pathways. (berkeley.edu)

The radioactive isotope caesium-137 has a half-life of about 30 years and is used in medical applications, industrial gauges, and hydrology. (wikipedia.org)
Stable (not radioactive) cesium ( 133 Cs) has been identified in at least 8 of the 1,636 hazardous waste sites that have been proposed for inclusion on the EPA National Priorities List (NPL) (HazDat 2003). (cdc.gov)
Radioactive forms of cesium are produced by the fission of uranium in fuel elements (fuel rods) during the normal operation of nuclear power plants, or when nuclear weapons are exploded. (cdc.gov)
Radioactive forms of cesium are unstable and eventually change into other more stable elements through the process of radioactive decay. (cdc.gov)
The two most important radioactive isotopes of cesium are 134Cs and 137Cs. (cdc.gov)
Quantities of radioactive cesium, as well as other radioactive elements, are measured in units of mass (grams) or radioactivity (curies or becquerels). (cdc.gov)
Caesium is the least abundant of the five non-radioactive alkali metals. (wikidoc.org)
Radioactive isotopes of caesium are used in the medical field to treat certain types of cancer . (wikidoc.org)

Cesium is used in photomultiplier tubes as well as photoelectric cells. (knordslearning.com)

Caesium metal is highly reactive and pyrophoric. (wikipedia.org)
Cesium is a very reactive alkali metal and because of this it is always found in compounds with other elements. (knordslearning.com)
Cesium is highly reactive and it is always kept in kerosene or mineral oil to prevent its reaction with air. (knordslearning.com)

Since the 1990s, the largest application of the element has been as caesium formate for drilling fluids, but it has a range of applications in the production of electricity, in electronics, and in chemistry. (wikipedia.org)
Probably the most widespread use of caesium today is in caesium formate -based drilling fluids for the oil industry. (wikidoc.org)
The high density of the caesium formate brine (up to 2.3 sg ), coupled with the relative benignity of 133 Cs , reduces the requirement for toxic high-density suspended solids in the drilling fluid, which is a significant technological, engineering and environmental advantage. (wikidoc.org)

1.Use violet tungsten oxide as raw material, process hydrogen reduction by traditional method with four tube furnace, boat charge is 600g, push the boat with speed 20min/boat, hydrogen flow is 30m3/h, reduced to obtain tungsten powder. (violet-tungsten-oxide.com)
Cesium tungsten bronze is inorganic nano material with good property in absorbing near-infrared with uniform grain size and dispersibility, it has strong absorbing function in near-infrared area with wave length 800~1200nm, also has high transmittance in visible light area with wave length 380~780nm. (violet-tungsten-oxide.com)

Caesium vapor is used in many common magnetometers . (wikidoc.org)

However, a caesium-water explosion is often less powerful than a sodium-water explosion with a similar amount of sodium. (wikipedia.org)

More than two-thirds of the world's reserves of cesium are found in Canada, with reserves also found in Zimbabwe, China, Namibia and, recently, Australia. (avalonadvancedmaterials.com)
Attention then shifted to the cesium atom, which by 1960 was incorporated into the world's official timekeeping system. (nist.gov)

Pure cesium metal is silvery white in color and very soft, but pure cesium is not expected to be found in the environment. (cdc.gov)

Of all elements that are solid at room temperature, caesium is the softest: it has a hardness of 0.2 Mohs. (wikipedia.org)
Caesium is the softest metal with the Mohs hardness of 0.2. (ofstype.com)

Cesium reacts violently with water and forms cesium hydroxide. (knordslearning.com)
Caesium hydroxide (CsOH) is a very strong base and will rapidly etch the surface of glass . (wikidoc.org)

There are many isotopes of cesium and the most abundant isotope is 133 Cs. (knordslearning.com)

It reacts with ice at temperatures as low as −116 °C (−177 °F). Because of this high reactivity, caesium metal is classified as a hazardous material. (wikipedia.org)
Pure cesium metal reacts violently with air and water, resulting in an explosion-like reaction. (cdc.gov)
Caesium reacts explosively in cold water and also reacts with ice at temperatures above −116 °C (−177 °F , 157 K). (wikidoc.org)

134 Cs has been used in hydrology as a measure of caesium output by the nuclear power industry. (wikidoc.org)

Caesium is the second most electropositive and alkaline of the chemical elements and has the second lowest ionization potential (after francium ). (wikidoc.org)
Along with gallium , francium, and mercury , caesium is among the only metals that are liquid at or near room temperature. (wikidoc.org)

Caesium forms alloys with the other alkali metals, gold, and mercury (amalgams). (wikipedia.org)
in other words, the plasmonic frequency of the alkali metals becomes lower from lithium to caesium. (wikipedia.org)
It's produced by sealing bismuth and tellurium metals in a quartz tube under vacuum. (chinaqualitycrafts.com)

It has only one stable isotope, caesium-133. (wikipedia.org)
Natural cesium is present in the environment in only one stable form, as the isotope 133 Cs. (cdc.gov)

Cesium is classified as an 'Alkali Metal' and located in Group 1 elements of the Periodic Table. (elementalmatter.info)
Cesium is in the s-block and it is classified as an alkali metal on the periodic table. (knordslearning.com)

Caesium-137, a fission product, is extracted from waste produced by nuclear reactors. (wikipedia.org)

Caesium fluoride is widely used in organic chemistry as a base and as a source of anhydrous fluoride ion. (wikidoc.org)

Avalon's Lilypad Cesium-Tantalum Property consists of 14 claims totaling 3,108 ha covering a field of cesium, tantalum and lithium-rich granitic pegmatites. (avalonadvancedmaterials.com)
An initial reconnaissance mapping and sampling program carried out by Avalon in 1999 confirmed the presence of economically-significant cesium-lithium-tantalum mineralization at several locations on the property. (avalonadvancedmaterials.com)
Drill intercepts from a 2000-2001 drill campaign with cesium and lithium values are listed in the tables below. (avalonadvancedmaterials.com)
Specifically, the Study has enhanced FDR's understanding of the potential within target areas identified for REE mineralisation having a similar geological setting to Arafura Rare Earths Ltd's (ASX: ARU) nearby Nolans Project, together with lithium-caesium-tantalum ("LCT") pegmatites relating to the same fractionated granite intrusions sourcing REE, tin and tantalum mineralisation just to the south and east. (branduk.net)

Nonradioactive caesium compounds are only mildly toxic, but the pure metal's tendency to react explosively with water means that caesium is considered a hazardous material, and the radioisotopes present a significant health and environmental hazard. (wikipedia.org)

Cesium is also used in vacuum tubes to remove oxygen gas. (knordslearning.com)

In 1967, acting on Einstein's proof that the speed of light is the most-constant dimension in the universe, the International System of Units used two specific wave counts from an emission spectrum of caesium-133 to co-define the second and the metre. (wikipedia.org)
The emission spectrum of caesium has two bright lines in the blue part of the spectrum along with several other lines in the red, yellow, and green. (wikidoc.org)

The word Caesium originates from the Latin word 'caesius' which means 'sky blue' from the bright blue lines in its spectrum. (elementalmatter.info)
Cesium was given its name from the Latin word "caesius", meaning sky blue. (knordslearning.com)

Since 1967, the International System of Measurements bases its unit of time , the second , on the properties of caesium. (wikidoc.org)

The caesium fountain will help ALPHA determine the frequency of light absorbed by antihydrogen (hydrogen's antimatter counterpart) with the same accuracy as has already been achieved for hydrogen. (dupont-hecai.com)

What is Cesium as on the Periodic Table? (elementalmatter.info)
Check out Cesium on the Periodic Table which arranges each chemical element according to its atomic number, as based on the Periodic Law , so that chemical elements with similar properties are in the same column. (elementalmatter.info)
Our Periodic Table is simple to use - just click on the symbol for Cesium as on the Periodic Table for additional information and for an instant comparison of the Atomic Weight, Melting Point, Boiling Point and Mass - G/cc with any other element. (elementalmatter.info)
These articles contain facts and information relating to Cesium and each of the other elements including the Periodic Symbol, group, classification, properties and atomic number which is often referred to as the Periodic Table Number. (elementalmatter.info)
Cesium element (Cs) is in group 1 and period 6 of a periodic table. (knordslearning.com)

These photomultiplier tubes have high sensitivity in the ultraviolet region. (hamamatsu.com)
When selecting a photomultiplier tube it is essential to select a light input window made from glass material that passes ultraviolet light. (hamamatsu.com)

As early as 1947, one Dr. Frank Gray, a physicist at Bell Labs, had been working on a vacuum tube that could directly convert an analog signal into a digital representation. (hackaday.com)

Caesium nitrate is used as oxidiser to burn silicon in infrared flares [4] like the LUU-19 flare [5] , because it emits much of its light in the near infrared spectrum. (wikidoc.org)

Cesium is the 50th most abundant element present in the earth's crust. (knordslearning.com)

In 1939, Vladimir Zvorakin of the Soviet Union made a practical photomultiplier tube. (rfcafe.com)

A heat reflector disc is present in the lamp neck, and large barium getters hold the outer under high vacuum. (lamptech.co.uk)

Cesium is also used to make special optical glass, as a catalyst promoter, in vacuum tubes and in radiation monitoring equipment. (avalonadvancedmaterials.com)

17. The Effect of Space Charge and Residual Gases on Thermionic Currents in High Vacuum. (plasma-universe.com)

His solution was a cathode ray tube similar to the CRT in an oscilloscope. (hackaday.com)
Cathode ray tube. (lookformedical.com)
An example is when data is called from the computer and transmitted to a CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAY or LIQUID CRYSTAL display. (lookformedical.com)
Variation in the luminance ratio of a cathode ray tube(CRT)monitor and the ultrasonographic images at different levels of ambient light(0-150 lux)was investigated to obtain optimum ambient light in the ultrasonography suite. (lookformedical.com)
The cathode - ray tube amusement device was invented by physicists Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr. and Estle Ray Mann. (lookformedical.com)
This makes the cathode - ray tube amusement device a forerunner to other games in the early history of video games. (lookformedical.com)
Yes, It's the Cathode - Ray Tube Show! (lookformedical.com)

Cesium has 1 valence electron and this electron is lost during a chemical reaction to gain stability. (knordslearning.com)

Granites contain an average cesium concentration of about 1 part of cesium in a million parts of granite (ppm) and sedimentary rocks contain about 4 ppm. (cdc.gov)
The concentration of cesium in the earth's crust is around 3 ppm by weight. (knordslearning.com)

For more information on the physical and chemical properties and on the production and use of cesium, see Chapters 4 and 5. (cdc.gov)
Here is a list of some physical properties and chemical properties of cesium. (knordslearning.com)
The caesium fountain was designed and built at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL), the UK's national metrology institute in Teddington, Middlesex. (dupont-hecai.com)

Electron's acceleration makes distortion of the image and greatly decreases the life of the tube. (expertnightvision.com)

And to do this, we weigh out 2 milligrammes of collagen, and we loaded into a quartz tube. (futurelearn.com)
Inside the quartz tube, we add copper oxide and silver. (futurelearn.com)
Now, we load the sample on a vacuum line, where we evacuated all of the air out of the quartz tube. (futurelearn.com)
The first step is to load the quartz tube onto the vacuum line. (futurelearn.com)

Mercury is the only stable elemental metal with a known melting point lower than caesium. (wikipedia.org)
There are relatively few commercial uses for cesium metal and its compounds. (cdc.gov)
The density of cesium metal is twice the density of water. (knordslearning.com)
Cesium is a very soft metal (just like a wax). (knordslearning.com)
In the ion source, we heat up cesium, which is a metal. (futurelearn.com)

The tube consists of рhоtосаthоdе, рhоѕрhоr ѕсrееn, and а mісrо-сhаnnеl рlаtе. (expertnightvision.com)

I took it apart - all the wires and vacuum tubes - and put it back together. (berkeley.edu)

1g CsCl 99.999% in ampoule under high vacuum. (smart-elements.com)

In quantities of more than about 100 grams (3.5 oz), caesium is shipped in hermetically sealed, stainless steel containers. (wikipedia.org)

cesium in American English) is a chemical element with the symbol Cs and atomic number 55. (wikipedia.org)
Caesium or cesium ( Template:PronEng ) is the chemical element with the symbol Cs and atomic number 55. (wikidoc.org)

The distinct generations are classified primarily according to their intensifier tube used in the devices. (expertnightvision.com)

That this phenomenon can reproduce «identical durations» is connected to the fact that the fundamental properties of the particles (and the vacuum where they behave) do not vary, in a wooden pendulum as well as in a cesium atom in an atomic clock. (shedrupling.org)

Radium salts have been used as radiation sources in the treatment of cancer but are gradually being replaced in such therapy by cobalt and cesium. (elementalmatter.info)

Anatomy4

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Chemicals and Drugs9

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Phenomena and Processes2

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Rubidium3

Pollucite7

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IUPAC2

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Robert Bunsen1

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Potassium2

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