Vaccines immunogenic carrier protein. Medical search. Frequent questions

All Hib vaccines that are currently used are conjugate vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
Prior to introduction of the conjugate vaccine, Hib was a leading cause of childhood meningitis, pneumonia, and epiglottitis in the United States, causing an estimated 20,000 cases a year in the early 1980s. (wikipedia.org)
Since optimal contact between B cells and T cells is required (via MHC II) to maximize antibody production, it is reasoned that the conjugate vaccine allows B cells to properly recruit T cells, this is in contrast to the polysaccharide form in which it is speculated that B cells do not interact optimally with T cells leading to the TI interaction. (wikipedia.org)
These recommendations include information on two vaccines recently licensed for use among infants: Haemophilus b Conjugate Vaccine (PRP-T {ActHIB(TM), OmniHIB(TM)}), manufactured by Pasteur Merieux Vaccins, and TETRAMUNE{TM}, manufactured by Lederle Laboratories/Praxis Biologics. (cdc.gov)
On the basis of findings establishing comparable immunogenicity, a third conjugate vaccine, PRP-T (ActHIB{TM}, OmniHIB{TM}) has now been licensed for use among infants. (cdc.gov)
Conjugate vaccine technology, where a polysaccharide antigen is coupled chemically to a protein carrier, either by direct linkage or by indirect coupling via diamino spacer molecules, can render the PS specific immune response T cell dependent. (bmj.com)
New data from Phase 3 European clinical trials reinforce that Wyeth's (NYSE: WYE) investigational pneumococcal vaccine, Prevenar 13* (Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccine, 13-valent [Adsorbed]), has the potential to provide coverage against the 13 most prevalent serotypes associated with pneumococcal disease (PD), the leading cause of vaccine-preventable death in children younger than five worldwide. (science20.com)
In this study we describe the in vivo biosynthesis of two novel conjugate vaccine candidates against Shigella dysenteriae type 1, an important bacterial pathogen causing severe gastro-intestinal disease states mainly in developing countries. (biomedcentral.com)
Overall, our data indicate that DT-K51E/E148K is a readily produced protein that now allows the added flexibility of E. coli production in vaccine development and that can be effectively used as protein carrier for a meningococcal conjugate vaccine. (ox.ac.uk)
The Antibody Response Following a Booster With Either a 10- or 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Toddlers Primed With a 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Early Infancy. (ox.ac.uk)
Before 2021, ACIP recommended 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) alone (up to 2 doses), or both a single dose of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in combination with 1-3 doses of PPSV23 in series (PCV13 followed by PPSV23), for use in U.S. adults depending on age and underlying risk for pneumococcal disease. (cdc.gov)
During 2018-2019, approximately 60%-75% of all IPD in adults was caused by the 24 pneumococcal serotypes that were included in the formulations of commercially available polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (PCV) or pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV) vaccines (i.e. (cdc.gov)
A conjugate vaccine binds to polysaccharide-specific B-cells that communicate carrier protein antigens to T-cells, inducing a T-cell-dependent immune response. (pfizerpro.in)
Decline in pneumonia admissions after routine childhood immunisation with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the USA: a time-series analysis. (pfizerpro.in)
Vaxxilon plans to use the funds for preclinical development, GMP manufacturing and a Phase I clinical trial of VXN-319, a semi-synthetic carbohydrate-based conjugate vaccine. (nridigital.com)

This article reviews recent studies on mucosal immune responses induced by polysaccharide based vaccines and some protein vaccine antigens against several pathogenic nasopharyngeal bacteria, and discusses the mechanisms and functions of these immune responses that may help our understanding of mucosal immune responses to both immunisation and infection. (bmj.com)
The OMV carrier has been optimized to induce a more effective immune response against these newly introduced antigens. (kfor.com)
Conjugate vaccines in which polysaccharide antigens are covalently linked to carrier proteins belong to the most effective and safest vaccines against bacterial pathogens. (biomedcentral.com)
Two different periplasmic carrier proteins, AcrA from C. jejuni and a toxoid form of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin were glycosylated with Shigella O antigens in E. coli . (biomedcentral.com)
Findings from numerous studies in animals and children demonstrate that the HiB conjugate vaccines have immunologic properties characteristic of T-cell-dependent antigens. (medscape.com)
Tiba's fully synthetic mRNA vaccines target multiple coronavirus antigens, in addition to the spike protein. (edu.sa)
Drugs with low molecular weight as antigens can bind to antibodies but are not immunogenic. (biomedres.us)
Significantly, the co-administration of Freund's adjuvants with vaccine 1 was suggested to cause splenomegaly, containing increased variety of myeloid cells, which can include immature MDSCs or monocytes, to suppress expansion/differentiation into effector T cells and B cells (Fig. TACAs used in scientific trials are little T cell-independent antigens, they display poor immunogenicity and cannot induce immunoglobulin (Ig) course switching. (lavoixdesrroms.org)
Self-adjuvanting vaccines, the conjugates of immunoenhancers and antigens, are anticipated to stimulate antigen-specific immune system responses without extreme inflammation.6C8 Furthermore, they possess well-defined structures and facilitate quality control of vaccine products hence. (lavoixdesrroms.org)
Whole genome sequencing provides the ability to predict and derive novel antigens for use as vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we aimed to identify novel immunogenic Shigella antigens that could serve as Shigella vaccine candidates, either alone, or when conjugated to Shigella O-antigen. (biomedcentral.com)
Using a reverse vaccinology approach, where genomic analysis informed the Shigella immunome via an antigen microarray, we aimed to identify novel immunogenic Shigella antigens. (biomedcentral.com)
A core genome analysis of Shigella species, pathogenic and non-pathogenic Escherichia coli , led to the selection of 234 predicted immunogenic Shigella antigens. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings provide six novel immunogenic Shigella proteins that could serve as candidate vaccine antigens, species-specific carrier proteins, or targeted adjuvants. (biomedcentral.com)
Proteins that activated immunity are potential antigens for immunization and the multi-omics phylum-spanning prioritization database that was created is a valuable resource for identifying target proteins in a wide array of different parasitic nematodes. (frontiersin.org)
Current pneumococcal vaccines use the pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides as antigens to generate serotype-specific antibodies, which facilitate serotype-specific clearance of pneumococci through opsonophagocytosis ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
Although the assembled VLPs do not have S protein spikes, they could be developed as formulations that can improve the immunogenicity of vaccines including S antigens, and further could be used as platforms that can carry S antigens of concern for various mutations. (nature.com)
Although glycoconjugates are the major parasite glycocalyx antigens, they remain completely unexplored as potential ChD biomarkers, and vaccine candidates. (utep.edu)
However, inclusion of protein antigens fromStreptococcus pneumoniaecombined with potent adjuvants and a suitable delivery system are expected to both extend protection to serotype strains not represented in the formulation and stimulate a broader immune response, thus more effective in young children, elderly, and immunocompromised populations. (univ-nantes.fr)
The mRNA vaccines can encode multiple antigens, strengthening the immune response against pathogens and enabling the targeting of multiple microbial variants [19] . (researchgate.net)

Conjugation of the PRP polysaccharide with protein carriers confers T-cell- dependent characteristics to the vaccine and substantially enhances the immunologic response to the PRP antigen. (cdc.gov)
The known synthetic peptide carrier, p458, provides significantly improved immunogenicity when provided as a multimeric conjugate comprising a plurality of peptide carrier units conjugated to each antigen. (justia.com)
Cell vaccine compositions comprising antigen presenting cells loaded with multimeric p458 conjugates are also provided. (justia.com)
HELMINTH ANTIGEN AND IMMUNOTHERAPY - A helminth protein immunogen is described. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
[ 8 ] These vaccines were developed in an effort to enhance immune responses to the PRP antigen. (medscape.com)
For the 3 serotypes in PCV-10 with higher antigen content and/or conjugation to diphtheria or tetanus toxoid carrier proteins, higher or similar booster responses were seen in PCV-10 recipients. (ox.ac.uk)
Most COVID-19 vaccines in development today focus on the surface spike protein, the antigen that gives coronavirus its "crown" name. (edu.sa)
Like other polysaccharides, the polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP) of the Hib capsule is a T-independent antigen and not immunogenic when administered as a vaccine in infancy. (ox.ac.uk)
However, from the cellular perspective, after binding of hapten to a carrier protein and formation of the complexes that are processed inside Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) and presented as a stable hapten-peptide complex to the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) settled in the tissues, an immune response will begin [13]. (biomedres.us)
We have developed a recombinant Salmonella typhi Ty21a vaccine candidate (rSTvacIII) displaying a multi-epitopes mycobacterial antigen called the VacIII (containing ubiquitin and 4 immunogenic mycobacterial epitopes of ESAT-6, PhoS1, Hsp 16.3 and MTB 8.4 genes) on the surface of S. typhi Ty21a (Ty21a) using PgsA protein as a carrier. (academicjournals.org)
Strategies, which have been designed to overcome this lack of immunogenicity in infants, include the linking of the polysaccharide to large immunogenic proteins, which provide bystander T-cell help and which induce immunological memory against the polysaccharide antigen to which it is conjugated. (allindianpatents.com)
The primary strategy of developing an efficacious Shigella vaccine has been to elicit antibody responses targeting Shigella O-antigen [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The sensitivity and specificity of the indirect ELISA using baculovirus expressed 3AB protein as the antigen were 62.4% and 86.8-91.7%, respectively. (ncl.edu.tw)
The sensitivity and specificity of the double-sandwich blocking ELISA using E. coli expressed 3AB protein as the antigen were 94% and 98-100%, respectively. (ncl.edu.tw)
Upon first exposure to a T-cell-dependent antigen (i.e. protein), the immune system mounts a slow primary response and induces the formation of long-lived memory cells. (pfizerpro.in)
Clutterbuck EA, Lazarus R, Yu L-M, Haber M, May L, Klugman K. Pneumococcal conjugate and plain polysaccharide vaccines have divergent effects on antigen-specific B cells. (pfizerpro.in)
Mollusk hemocyanins have biomedical uses as carriers/adjuvants and nonspecific immunostimulants with beneficial clinical outcomes by triggering the production of proinflammatory cytokines in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and driving immune responses toward type 1 T helper (Th1) polarization. (exeter.ac.uk)

However, because they induce a T cell independent B cell response, they are poorly immunogenic in young children, and in adults only induce relatively short term protection. (bmj.com)
The C-Flow™ process was developed using Clean Genome ® E. coli strains expressing recombinant CRM197, a carrier protein used to enhance the immunogenicity of poorly immunogenic carbohydrates in conjugated vaccines. (scarabgenomics.com)
There are 90 known serotypes of pneumococci, and the capsule is the principle virulence determinant for pneumococci, as the capsule not only protects the iimer surface of the bacteria from complement, but is itself poorly immunogenic. (allindianpatents.com)
the serogroup C component is poorly immunogenic in recipients who are less than 18-2 have demonstrated estimated clinical efficacies of 85%-100% in older children and adults and are useful in controlling epidemics (9,14-17). (cdc.gov)

Several protein carriers have been used including tetanus toxoid (TT), diphtheria toxoid, mutant diphtheria toxin (CRM197), and the outer membrane protein of N meningitidis . (bmj.com)
Both Prevenar 13 and Prevenar use CRM197 -- an immunological carrier protein with a 20-year history of use in pediatric vaccines. (science20.com)
Diphtheria toxin mutant CRM197 is a common carrier protein for glycoconjugate vaccines, which has been proven an effective protein vector for, among others, meningococcal carbohydrates. (ox.ac.uk)
Biophysical characterization of DT-K51E/E148K suggested high similarity with CRM197, with main differences in their alpha-helical content, and a suitable purity for conjugation and vaccine preparation. (ox.ac.uk)
Meningococcal serogroup A (MenA) glycoconjugates were synthesized using CRM197 and DT-K51E/E148K as carrier proteins, obtaining the same conjugation yields and comparable biophysical profiles. (ox.ac.uk)
Mice were then immunized with these CRM197 and DT-K51E/E148K conjugates, and essentially identical immunogenic and protective effects were observed. (ox.ac.uk)

This is due to the protein carrier being highly immunogenic in nature. (wikipedia.org)
VLPs are highly immunogenic and can induce elevated titers of neutralizing antibodies, even without adjuvants, thanks to the maintenance of the native conformation of viral proteins presenting repetitive epitopes to the host immune system cells. (nature.com)
The parasite surface is heavily coated by glycoproteins such as glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored mucins (tGPI-mucins), which display highly immunogenic terminal nonreducing α-galactopyranosyl (α-Gal)-containing glycotopes that are entirely absent or cryptic in humans. (utep.edu)

Vaccination is an attractive option in this setting, and vaccines consisting of GBS capsular polysaccharide conjugated to a tetanus toxoid carrier protein have been under development ( 17 - 20 ). (cdc.gov)
Tetanus toxoid (TT) is frequently used as a carrier protein for conjugate vaccines. (bioradiations.com)
Infants and young children are recommended to receive a 5-dose series of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines, with one adolescent booster dose of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine. (cdc.gov)
In 2005, ACIP recommended that adolescents and adults receive a single dose of a tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine ( 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)
For the purposes of this report, DTaP and Tdap are used as general terms for diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccines, and DT and Td are used for diphtheria and tetanus toxoid-containing vaccines. (cdc.gov)
Both DTP and monovalent tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccines are discussed for historical purposes and no longer are manufactured or available in the United States. (cdc.gov)
published research shows that by 1976 who researchers had conjugated tetanus toxoid (tt) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) producing a 'birth-control' vaccine. (cognitive-liberty.online)

The synthesis and applications of the peptides are gaining increasing popularity as a result of the developments in biotechnology and bioengineering areas and for a number of research purposes including cancer diagnosis and treatment, antibiotic drug development, epitope mapping, production of antibodies, and vaccine design. (intechopen.com)
Measurable levels of antibodies against the group A and C polysaccharides decrease markedly during the first 3 years following a single dose of vaccine (13,22-25). (cdc.gov)
During this SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, many studies on the development of plant-derived vaccines and antibodies are underway. (nature.com)

The extent of this effect has been influenced by the fact that Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines reduce nasopharyngeal carriage and induce herd immunity. (bmj.com)
Evidence has begun to accumulate that these new polysaccharide based conjugate vaccines can also reduce nasopharyngeal carriage and can induce immune responses at the local mucosal level, which may be responsible for these effects. (bmj.com)
Recent studies show that parenterally administered capsular polysaccharide (PS) based vaccines can induce mucosal immune responses. (bmj.com)
To be effective against colonisation, vaccines must induce local immune responses, which promote elimination of the pathogen, break the chain of transmission, and induce herd immunity. (bmj.com)
In contrast to isolated bacterial polysaccharides, conjugate vaccines induce a long-lasting T-lymphocyte dependent immunological memory [ 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Actually, Kiessling have uncovered that polymeric multivalent ligands induce BCR clustering to activate B cell replies.39 The need for the lipid moiety for the self-adjuvating property was also recommended predicated on the adjuvant effects in a number of TACA-based vaccines.33,40C42 Intracellular TLR ligands and various other innate immune system ligands have already been also used in self-adjuvanting vaccines. (lavoixdesrroms.org)
The inactivated vaccines consist of purified viral particle without or with only minor contaminants of NSP and thus induce antibody mainly against structural proteins of virus. (ncl.edu.tw)
Both vaccines were previously shown to induce considerable protection against acute T. cruzi infection in mice. (utep.edu)
This optimism is built on recently published studies demonstrating the efficacy of mRNA vaccines in combatting several types of cancer and infectious pathogens where conventional vaccine platforms may fail to induce protective immune responses. (researchgate.net)

An antibody which binds the isolated protein is also described. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
Infants rarely responded to PRP vaccine, but both the proportion of responders and resultant antibody levels improved dramatically in those aged 1-2 years. (medscape.com)
Maternal immunization with the Tn vaccine increases serum anti-Tn antibody titers and attenuates hyperoxia-induced kidney injury in neonatal rats. (bvsalud.org)
After establishing an initial protective immune response with Tiba's mRNA vaccines as a prime dose, the KAUST all-protein booster vaccines are expected to enhance antibody production and longer-lasting immunity. (edu.sa)
Because the highest rates of disease occur in the first 2 years of life, efficacious Hib vaccines have been designed by covalently linking the PRP capsule to a carrier protein that recruits T-cell help for the polysaccharide immune response and induces anti-PRP antibody production even in the first 6 months of life. (ox.ac.uk)
A TLR9 agonist (CpG-ODNs) was much less effective for antibody creation in comparison to Pam3CSK4.26 A self-adjuvanting vaccine utilizing a Pyrazofurin CD1d ligand (-galactosylceramide),43C47 a zwitterionic polysaccharide,48C50 and a TLR7 ligand51 have already been investigated also. (lavoixdesrroms.org)
A cocktail of five recombinant proteins optimized for conserved GI nematode targets was used immunize pigs and test for active antibody responses in both the serum and intestinal ileal fluid of immunized pigs. (frontiersin.org)
An antibody-protein array of putative immunogenic proteins was developed from a combined bioinformatic, experimental, and literature-based prioritization of homologous parasite proteins. (frontiersin.org)

Studies have been performed with all four Hib conjugate vaccines to determine immunogenicity in infants 2-6 months of age. (cdc.gov)
The present invention provides improved vaccine compositions having enhanced immunogenicity and methods of using same. (justia.com)
The immunogenicity and clinical efficacy of the serogroups A and C meningococcal vaccines have been well established. (cdc.gov)
Safety and immunogenicity of two novel type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine candidates compared with a monovalent type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine in healthy adults: two clinical trials. (cdc.gov)
Primary objectives were assessments and comparisons of safety up to 28 days after each dose, including solicited adverse events and serious adverse events, and immunogenicity (seroprotection rates on day 28 after the first vaccine dose) between monovalent OPV2 and the two novel OPV2 candidates. (cdc.gov)

Each vaccine dose consists of 50 ug each of the purified bacterial capsular polysaccharides. (cdc.gov)
Xenleta blocks the synthesis of bacterial protein needed for growth, targeting a different binding site than existing classes. (nridigital.com)

Current recommendations for universal vaccination of infants require parenteral administration of three different vaccines (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis {DTP}, Hib conjugate, and hepatitis B) during two or three different visits to a health-care provider. (cdc.gov)
The processes are time-consuming and costly, and often large-scale cultivation of pathogenic bacteria is required for polysaccharide biosynthesis, making conjugate vaccines prohibitively expensive for vaccination campaigns in developing countries. (biomedcentral.com)
PCV-13 vaccine-type antipolysaccharide serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations and opsonophagocytic assay titers were measured before and at 1 and 12 months following vaccination. (ox.ac.uk)
Previously, military recruits had high rates of meningococcal disease, particularly serogro vaccination of recruits with the bivalent A/C meningococcal vaccine in 1971, the high rates of meningococcal disease caused by those serogroups have decreased substantia routinely receive the quadrivalent A,C,Y, W-135 meningococcal vaccine. (cdc.gov)
Similarly, although vaccine-induced clinical protection probably persists in schoolchildren and adults for at least 3 years, the efficacy of the group A passage of time: in a 3-year study, efficacy declined from greater than 90% to less than 10% among children who were less than 4 years of age at the time of vaccination, wh years of age when vaccinated, efficacy was 67% 3 years later (26). (cdc.gov)
Routine vaccination of civilians with the quadrivalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine is not recommended because of its relative ineffectiveness in children less than highest) and its relatively short duration of protection. (cdc.gov)
From the late 1940s through the 1990s, vaccination against pertussis, diphtheria, and tetanus with a combined diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and whole-cell pertussis (DTP) vaccine was recommended for infants and young children. (cdc.gov)
Any of the vaccine formulations licensed in the United States can be used in an age-appropriate manner to implement these vaccination recommendations. (cdc.gov)
ACIP recommendations for vaccination for pertussis, tetanus, and diphtheria and guidance for use are described elsewhere in this report (see Recommendations for Use of Pertussis, Tetanus, and Diphtheria Vaccines) ( Table 1 ). (cdc.gov)

Data from the studies presented at ESPID indicate that Prevenar 13 is immunogenic for all serotypes and showed a safety profile similar to Prevenar. (science20.com)

The Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine, also known as Hib vaccine, is a vaccine used to prevent Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infection. (wikipedia.org)
Hib vaccine is not effective against non-type B Haemophilus influenzae. (wikipedia.org)
However, non-type B disease is rare in comparison to pre-vaccine rates of Haemophilus influenzae type B disease. (wikipedia.org)
The introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines during the 1990s was followed by dramatic decreases both in the incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b related invasive disease and in nasopharyngeal carriage of the organism. (bmj.com)
Based on the success of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines, chemical conjugation has been applied to the development of pneumococcal and meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccines. (bmj.com)
Most notably routine immunization of infants with conjugate vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type B led to a fast and dramatic drop in respective disease incidents after implementation. (biomedcentral.com)
Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines. (ox.ac.uk)

Vaccines play a crucial role in public health by providing immunity against various diseases. (kfor.com)
The OMVs can be designed with immunogenic peptides and/or proteins that stimulate effective adaptive immunity. (kfor.com)
Such factors may include interference with other concomitant vaccines, waning immunity in the absence of booster doses of vaccine, and reduced natural boosting as a result of decreased transmission of the organism. (ox.ac.uk)
Since the protective immunity against tuberculosis is mediated by Th1-type response, the rSTvacIII have potential as effective vaccine candidate against tuberculosis. (academicjournals.org)
Screening the array with sera and ileal fluid samples from immunized pigs suggested cross-reactivity among homologous proteins and a general activation of immunity. (frontiersin.org)
Vaccines are critical in boosting immunity, lowering COVID-19-related illnesses, reducing the infectious burden on the healthcare system, and reducing economic loss, according to current data. (springeropen.com)

The first vaccine used in an effort to prevent Hib invasive disease was a purified type b capsular polysaccharide vaccine that was introduced in the United States in 1985. (medscape.com)
pneumoniae serotype 14 capsular polysaccharide (CP14) linked to the Pneumococcal surface protein A (PsaA) using chitosan NPs (CNPs). (univ-nantes.fr)

The CDC and the WHO recommend that all infants be vaccinated using a polysaccharide-protein conjugate Hib vaccine, starting after the age of six weeks. (wikipedia.org)
Specific characteristics of the four conjugate vaccines available for infants and children vary (e.g., the type of protein carrier, the size of the polysaccharide, and the chemical linkage between the polysaccharide and carrier) ( Table 1 ). (cdc.gov)
and c) provides updated recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for use of conjugate Hib vaccines and TETRAMUNE{TM} for infants and children. (cdc.gov)
Although the vaccine could not protect infants and young children at greatest risk, it was licensed for use in older children to reduce at least a proportion of disease. (medscape.com)
Four Hib conjugate vaccines have undergone extensive evaluation in humans, and they have been licensed for use in infants aged 2 months or older (see below). (medscape.com)
CONCLUSIONS: In PCV-13 primed infants, a PCV-10 booster is generally less immunogenic than a PCV-13 booster. (ox.ac.uk)
In a related aspect, the present invention provides a vaccine for treating or ameliorating Otitis media in infants or pneumonia in the elderly. (allindianpatents.com)
The present invention provides an unproved vaccine for the prevention or amelioration of pneumococcal infection of the elderly (e.g., pneumonia) and/or in infants (e.g. (allindianpatents.com)

Although the vaccine was highly effective in trials in Finland among children greater than or equal to 18 months of age (3), postmarketing efficacy studies in the United States demonstrated variable efficacy (4,5). (cdc.gov)
By optimizing the MAT for early-stage testing and demonstrating its comparability with RPT results, this research contributes to our ongoing efforts to create vaccines with optimal safety and efficacy profiles. (kfor.com)
A 23-valent unconjugated pneumococcal vaccine has shown a wide variation in clinical efficacy, from 0% to 81% (Fedson et al, (1994) Arch Intern Med. (allindianpatents.com)
There is no prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine as yet, and current chemotherapy is rather toxic and has limited efficacy in the chronic phase of the disease. (utep.edu)
Subsequently, we show the efficacy of the T. cruzi immunodominant glycotope Galα3LN, covalently linked to a carrier protein (human serum albumin, HSA), as a prophylactic vaccine candidate in the acute model of ChD. (utep.edu)
Finally, we assessed the efficacy of synthetic glycan- and peptide-based vaccine formulations, namely NGP24h and MASPpep-KLH. (utep.edu)
However, the appearance of an Omicron variant with 32 mutations in its spike protein raises questions about the vaccine's efficacy. (springeropen.com)

The compositions and methods include immunogenic conjugates containing peptide carriers derived from heat shock protein 60 (HSP60). (justia.com)

Researchers now understand how to leverage the strong safety profile of RNA as an easily metabolized transient carrier of genetic information instructing the body's immune system to produce proteins to deal with pathogens or damaged cells. (equities.com)

a: oligosaccharyltransferase PglB, b: carrier protein with signal sequence for secretion to the periplasm, c: undecaprenyl-pyrophosphate-linked polysaccharides. (biomedcentral.com)

In the self-adjuvanting vaccine technique, T-helper (Th) cell epitopes and innate immune system ligands are often conjugated as immunoenhancers. (lavoixdesrroms.org)
rTTHc is also the most immunogenic part of the toxin, containing the powerful T-cell epitopes of TT without the toxicity. (bioradiations.com)
13 predicted the VLP of HBcAg-exposing epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 by an immunoinformatics approach towards the development of a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. (nature.com)

Polysaccharide vaccines once were used in active immunization. (medscape.com)
Conjugate vaccines are now used in active immunization. (medscape.com)
This report compiles and summarizes all previously published recommendations from CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding prevention and control of pertussis, tetanus, and diphtheria in the United States, specifically after the introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines, and does not contain any new recommendations. (cdc.gov)
This report compiles and summarizes all published recommendations from CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for use of pneumococcal vaccines in adults aged ≥19 years in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Increasing awareness regarding vaccines and immunization among the populace is expected to boost the growth of the Global Pediatric Vaccines Market over the forecast period. (verifiedmarketresearch.com)

In 2021, two new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), a 15-valent and a 20-valent PCV (PCV15 and PCV20), were licensed for use in U.S. adults aged ≥18 years by the Food and Drug Administration. (cdc.gov)

Provided are backbone cyclized peptides that interfere with signaling of the intracellular adaptor protein MyD88. (justia.com)
The use of synthetic peptides approved by the health authorities for vaccine, for cancer, and in drug delivery systems is increasing with these developments. (intechopen.com)
The aim of this book chapter is to review the recent developments in the use of peptides in the diagnosis of drug and vaccine systems and to present them to the reader with commercially available illustrations. (intechopen.com)
Then the synthetic peptide vaccine application of peptides was reviewed. (intechopen.com)

PRP covalently linked to a protein carrier was found to elicit a greater immune response than the polysaccharide form of the vaccine. (wikipedia.org)

Non-structural proteins (NSP) are produced during viral replication. (ncl.edu.tw)
Here, we demonstrate that non-infectious SARS-CoV-2 VLPs can be successfully assembled by co-expressing three important viral proteins membrane (M), envelop (E) and nucleocapsid (N) in plants. (nature.com)
Over one hundred vaccines using varied approaches including protein subunit, viral vector, RNA, DNA, inactivated virus, attenuated virus, and virus like particles (VLPs) platforms are in clinical trials. (nature.com)
Among these, viral vector and RNA vaccines are currently in use. (nature.com)
These protein subunits can assemble into virus particles without viral RNA genome in mammalian cells to study virus-cell entry 2 and to develop vaccines 3 . (nature.com)
VLPs self-assembled into empty shells can be used safely as vaccines without the risk of replication or infection due to the lack of viral nucleic acid. (nature.com)
As a result, effective vaccines must target the viral spike glycoprotein. (springeropen.com)
This comprises of inactivated viruses, messenger RNA (mRNA), DNA vaccines, protein subunits, nonreplicating and replicating vector viral-like particles (VLP), and live attenuated vaccines. (springeropen.com)
RdRp is involved in viral genome replication and structural protein translation [ 6 ]. (springeropen.com)
Hexon and penton structures form the capsid of AdV, and fiber protein mediates the binding of the virion to the cell surface and is a major determinant of viral tropism. (genemedi.com)
Then the endosome acidifies, resulting in disassociation of capsid proteins and transportation of viral DNA into nucleus. (genemedi.com)

Evaluation of the non-toxic mutant of the diphtheria toxin K51E/E148K as carrier protein for meningococcal vaccines. (ox.ac.uk)

Clinical trials and ongoing surveillance have shown Hib vaccine to be safe. (wikipedia.org)
The vaccines are immunogenic in women but of unproven clinical benefit. (cdc.gov)
Shared clinical decision-making is recommended regarding use of a supplemental PCV20 dose for adults aged ≥65 years who have completed their recommended vaccine series with both PCV13 and PPSV23. (cdc.gov)
Overall, each model has its advantages and disadvantages and is differentially suited for studies of dengue pathogenesis and immunopathogenesis and/or pre-clinical testing of antiviral drugs and vaccines. (mdpi.com)
Based on the same technology platform, additional vaccines targeting different allergies (house dust mite, ragweed, birch and cat dander) are in preclinical development and will be advanced to clinical trials in the near future. (lisavienna.at)
Among tumor immunotherapies, neoantigen vaccines are in early human clinical trials and have demonstrated substantial efficiency. (wjgnet.com)
It further shines a spotlight on companies like Halifax, Canada-based Immunovaccine (IMV:CA)(IMMVF) and the fact that investors and scientists alike are looking ahead to clinical data this quarter from Immunovaccine's DepoVax cancer vaccine platform. (equities.com)

An immunogenic composition comprising 2 S. pneumoniae recombinant proteins wherein one of the proteins is selected from the Poly Histidine Triad family (PhtX) at a dose of between 1-100 µg and optionally comprising an adjuvant. (allindianpatents.com)

Glycoconjugate synthesis, in particular expression of oligosaccharyltransferase PglB, strongly inhibited growth of E. coli cells after induction, making it necessary to separate biomass growth and recombinant protein expression phases. (biomedcentral.com)

The described methodologies constitute an important step towards cost-effective in vivo production of conjugate vaccines, which in future may be used for combating severe infectious diseases, particularly in developing countries. (biomedcentral.com)
This approach has recently been followed in the quest for finding innovative treatments such as inventing vaccines against infectious diseases [12], which is equally useful in the treatment of addictions and their relapse. (biomedres.us)
Intravacc, located at Utrecht Science Park Bilthoven in the Netherlands, is a leading global CDMO for infectious diseases and therapeutic vaccines. (mytwintiers.com)
A true platform technology for cancer and infectious disease vaccine candidates, DepoVax utilizes a 100% oil-based, "no release" depot delivery system. (equities.com)
Treatment resistance for infectious diseases is growing quickly, and chemotherapeutic toxicity in cancer means that vaccines must be made right away to save humanity. (researchgate.net)

It gives a full rundown of the current NP-based vaccines, their potential as adjuvants, and the ways they can be delivered to cells. (researchgate.net)

Biomay, a global leader in allergy immunotherapy, announced today that a landmark Phase IIb study (clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT01538979) has been successfully completed with its 3rd generation grass pollen allergy vaccine BM32. (lisavienna.at)

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines represent a relatively new vaccine class showing great promise for the future. (researchgate.net)
This review summarizes the most important developments in mRNA vaccines from the past few years and discusses the challenges and future directions for the field. (researchgate.net)
For example, 'Two mRNA vaccines developed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna are effective against the coronavirus. (researchgate.net)

BACKGROUND: Two novel type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV2) candidates, novel OPV2-c1 and novel OPV2-c2, designed to be more genetically stable than the licensed Sabin monovalent OPV2, have been developed to respond to ongoing polio outbreaks due to circulating vaccine-derived type 2 polioviruses. (cdc.gov)

These recommendations update information regarding the polysaccharide vaccine licensed in the United States for use against disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis sero chemoprophylaxis against meningococcal disease (superseding MMWR 1985;34:255-9). (cdc.gov)
This report provides additional information regarding meningococcal vaccines and alternatives to rifampin for chemoprophylaxis in selected populations. (cdc.gov)

MASPpep-KLH is composed of a 20-mer peptide (DAENPGGEVFNDNKKGLSRV) found in some members of the mucin-associated surface protein (MASP) of T. cruzi trypomastigotes, coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin as carrier protein. (utep.edu)

In vivo enzymatic coupling using the general glycosylation pathway of Campylobacter jejuni in recombinant Escherichia coli has been suggested as a simpler method for producing conjugate vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
rTTHc was expressed at high levels as a soluble, properly folded intracellular protein in Fina Biosolutions proprietary Escherichia coli strain. (bioradiations.com)

by november 1993 catholic publications appeared saying an abortifacient vaccine was being used as a tetanus prophylactic. (cognitive-liberty.online)
Switzerland-based synthetic vaccines firm Vaxxilon has received a funding grant from CARB-X to support the development of a prophylactic, multivalent vaccine against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (crKP). (nridigital.com)

The vaccine has also been shown to be immunogenic in patients at high risk of invasive disease. (wikipedia.org)

CARB-X has committed up to $500m antibacterial R&D investment over 2016-2021 to support new antibiotics, vaccines, diagnostics and other products. (nridigital.com)

Not only does BM32 represent the first ever rationally designed grass pollen allergy vaccine, the results of the trial also provide a clear validation of our peptide carrier fusion protein vaccine platform. (lisavienna.at)
BM32 is an innovative grass pollen allergy vaccine based on recombinant peptide carrier technology invented in the lab of Prof. Rudolf Valenta at the Medical University of Vienna. (lisavienna.at)

Live attenuated mucosal influenza vaccine has been licensed in the USA, but it will probably be some time before others go into general use. (bmj.com)
Children in more rural locations showed lower influenza vaccine coverage than those in metropolitan areas across all age groups. (verifiedmarketresearch.com)
In the United States, the percentage of children who had received an influenza vaccine in the previous 12 months ranged from 47.9% in the East South-Central region to 65.3 percent in the New England region. (verifiedmarketresearch.com)
Non-Hispanic black children (48.9%) had poorer influenza vaccine coverage than non-Hispanic white children (64.1%) and Hispanic children (60.6%) among children aged 6 months to 4 years. (verifiedmarketresearch.com)

SARS-CoV-2 is composed of four essential structural proteins: the spike (S) glycoprotein, membrane (M) protein, envelope (E) protein, and nucleocapsid (N) protein, as well as multiple accessory and non-structural proteins 1 . (nature.com)

PRP vaccines were ineffective in children less than 18 months of age because of the T-cell-independent nature of the immune response to PRP polysaccharide (3). (cdc.gov)
The purpose of this article is to share information with researchers and clinicians about creating a vaccine by incorporating a specific substance of abuse in a hapten conjugate that triggers an immune response against the effect of the drug. (biomedres.us)
Producing an efficient vaccine against heroin addiction has been particularly challenging because of the need to generate potent immune response against heroin as well as its multiple psychoactive metabolites [6]. (biomedres.us)
This challenge may be overcome by a vaccine that elicits either a broadly reactive immune response or numerous species-specific responses against the globally dominant Shigella species (i.e. (biomedcentral.com)
The choice of a particular vaccine is influenced by several factors including mode of action, storage conditions, group of the vaccinee, immune response mounted, cost, dosage protocol, age, and side effects. (springeropen.com)

In addition, ACIP recommends use of either a single dose of PCV20 or ≥1 dose of PPSV23 for adults who have started their pneumococcal vaccine series with PCV13 but have not received all recommended PPSV23 doses. (cdc.gov)

The antibod quadrivalent vaccine are serogroup-specific and independent. (cdc.gov)

After routine use of Hib conjugate vaccines in the United States, the rate of invasive Hib disease decreased from 40-100 per 100,000 children down to fewer than 1 per 100,000. (wikipedia.org)
However, despite the success of the vaccine programme several factors may interfere with the effectiveness of the vaccine in the routine programme, as observed in the UK recently. (ox.ac.uk)
The HPV vaccine and routine cervical screenings can help prevent cervical cancer. (verifiedmarketresearch.com)

From the chemical standpoint, the hapten is a low molecular weight chemical agent, that must bind to a large carrier protein to create a conjugate (Figure 1), before being detected by the immune system and eliciting an immunological response. (biomedres.us)

Unconjugated PS vaccines have been available for many years and have received some use in adults. (bmj.com)
After receipt of Tdap, adolescents and adults are recommended to receive a booster tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (Td) vaccine every 10 years to assure ongoing protection against tetanus and diphtheria. (cdc.gov)
After receipt of Tdap, adolescents and adults are recommended to receive a booster dose of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (Td) vaccine every 10 years or when indicated for wound management ( 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)
PPSV23 (Pneumovax23) is a 23-valent vaccine that has been recommended for use since the 1980s for persons aged ≥2 years with certain underlying medical conditions and for adults aged ≥65 years ( Table 1 ) (Figure). (cdc.gov)
Eligible participants were healthy adults aged 18-50 years with documented history of at least three polio vaccinations, including OPV in the phase 4 study and either OPV or inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) in the novel OPV2 phase 2 study, with no dose within 12 months of study start. (cdc.gov)

An independent data management committee (DMC) recommended that all actively treated patients should receive the lower dose (20 µg of each of the 4 protein components) after a review of the data collected in the first treatment year. (lisavienna.at)
Participants received the first vaccine dose on day 0, and a second dose on day 28 if assigned to receive a second dose. (cdc.gov)
Safety was assessed in the total vaccinated population-ie, all participants who received at least one dose of their assigned vaccine. (cdc.gov)
All participants received the first dose of assigned vaccine or placebo and were included in the total vaccinated population. (cdc.gov)

However, the polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP) vaccine was not consistently immunogenic or protective when administered to children younger than 2 years. (medscape.com)

BILTHOVEN, Netherlands, Sept. 19, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Intravacc, a Leading Contract Development and manufacturing Organisation for translational research and development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines together with MAT services at Sanquin Diagnostic Services, today announced the publication of a scientific article of an in vitro alternative assay to the replace rabbit pyrogen test for vaccines. (kfor.com)

and for vaccine development, description of serotype distribution in different populations ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
Several new mucosal vaccines against respiratory infections are under development. (bmj.com)
The study showcases a significant step forward in vaccine safety testing, offering the potential to enhance the efficiency and ethical standards of vaccine development. (kfor.com)
This joint development project for advancing vaccine safety evaluation marks a pivotal advancement in vaccine safety assessment. (kfor.com)
The MAT also proved its applicability to assess reactogenicity levels of pyrogen containing vaccines at multiple stages of vaccine development and could eventually replace RPT. (kfor.com)
This paper shows that the MAT is a valuable assay to assess reactogenicity levels of OMV based vaccines at multiple stages of vaccine development and the data presented could help to substantiate the switch from small animal testing to cellular assays at several stages of vaccine development. (kfor.com)
For the development of vaccines, Intravacc has designed and developed a platform based on outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) - spherical particles with intrinsic immune-stimulating properties. (kfor.com)
Our investigational vaccine, Prevenar 13, builds on the scientific foundation of Prevenar and is designed to provide more comprehensive protection against pneumococcal disease, says Emilio A. Emini, Ph.D., Executive Vice President, Vaccines Research and Development, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals. (science20.com)
Research interests in the Andreana Research Group include natural and natural-product-like synthesis, carbohydrate-based vaccine design and development and small molecule combinatorial methods for high-throughput screening. (andreanagroup.com)
Our approach entails synthe-sizing oligosaccharides that are then linked to a T-cell inducing ZPS (such as PS A1) for the development of carbohydrate-based vaccines. (andreanagroup.com)
Due to the challenges facing opioid use disorder treatments, development of a vaccine against heroin has become a major research focus. (biomedres.us)
As an established independent CDMO with many years of experience in the development and optimization of vaccines and vaccine technologies, Intravacc has transferred its technology world-wide for many vaccines including polio, measles, DPT, Hib and influenza. (mytwintiers.com)
The pandemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a public health emergency, and research on the development of various types of vaccines is rapidly progressing at an unprecedented development speed internationally. (nature.com)
Virus-like particles (VLPs) enable the construction of promising platforms in the field of vaccine development. (nature.com)
A comprehensive analysis of the market is provided by the Global Pediatric Vaccines Development Market study. (verifiedmarketresearch.com)
The rapid emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus necessitated the development of vaccines targeting the spike protein in an unprecedented timeframe [ 20 ]. (springeropen.com)
Perhaps nothing exemplifies the value of potential RNA vaccines more than Eli Lilly ( LLY ) recently agreeing to pay up to $1.8 billion to work with the mRNA (messenger RNA) experts at CureVac AG on a portfolio of five mRNA cancer vaccines in development. (equities.com)

These synthetic carbohydrates are combined with additional components to produce conjugate vaccines. (nridigital.com)

Also described are an isolated nucleic acid that encodes the immunogenic protein and a genetic construct comprising that isolated nucleic acid. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
A series of studies have revealed that exosomes-mediated intercellular transfer of proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of HCC, hypoxia and angiogenesis, chemotherapy sensitivity, and cell death mode and regulates the immune microenvironment. (hindawi.com)
Regardless of the type or the physiological or pathological state of the originating cell, exosomes share common features as enriched with nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

However, vaccine safety is of paramount importance, and researchers are continually exploring innovative methods to ensure that new vaccines are both effective and safe. (kfor.com)
Current carbohydrate-based vaccines, while effective, do not protect against the carrier protein and, therefore, an immunogenic response is heterogen-eous in nature. (andreanagroup.com)
PCV-10) are immunogenic and effective against vaccine-type pneumococcal disease when given to young children. (ox.ac.uk)
However, there is still a need for improved pneumococcal vaccine compositions, particularly ones which will be more effective hi the prevention or amelioration of pneumococcal disease (particularly pneumonia) in the elderly and in young children. (allindianpatents.com)
This research strongly supports future studies using a computational, comparative genomics/proteomics approach to produce an effective parasite vaccine. (frontiersin.org)
However, there are worries about the vaccines' safety, the protection they provide, and whether future structural changes are required for these vaccines to be more effective. (springeropen.com)
In the last few years, mRNA used as a vaccine with rapid, scalable, and cost-effective production during the corona pandemic [2]. (researchgate.net)

This study showed that the MAT assay is a robust assay that can be used to determine the reactogenicity of OMV based vaccines, even those which are still in the developmental phase. (kfor.com)

Anatomy6

Organisms17

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs155

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes36

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Health Care6

Conjugate vaccine15

Antigens20

Antigen17

Poorly immunogenic4

CRM1976

Highly immunogenic3

Toxoid7

Antibodies3

Induce9

Antibody8

Immunogenicity5

Bacterial2

Vaccination9

Serotypes1

Haemophilus7

Immunity6

Capsular polysaccharide2

Infants8

Efficacy7

Conjugates1

Pathogens1

Polysaccharides1

Epitopes3

Immunization5

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines1

Peptides4

Covalently1

Viral11

Diphtheria toxin1

Clinical7

Recombinant proteins1

Glycoconjugate1

Infectious5

Adjuvants1

IMMUNOTHERAPY1

MRNA vaccines3

Candidates1

Meningococcal2

Keyhole limpet hem1

Escherichia2

Prophylactic2

Invasive disease1

20211

Peptide carrier2

Influenza vaccine4

Glycoprotein1

Immune response5

ACIP1

Serogroup1

Routine3

Immunological1

Adults5

Dose4

Protective1

Therapeutic1

Development17

Carbohydrates1

Nucleic3

Effective7

Assay1