Vaccine type pneumococcal carriage. Medical search. Frequent questions

Pneumococcal infections are caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), a gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacterium. (cdc.gov)
Initial vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae significantly reduced nasopharyngeal carriage of vaccine serotypes (VTs), including antibiotic-resistant types, only to be entirely offset by increased carriage of non-vaccine serotypes (NVTs). (wikipedia.org)
Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae , and Neisseria meningitidis colonise the mucosa of the human upper respiratory tract along with other opportunistic pathogens and commensal bacteria. (bmj.com)
Carriage prevalence and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae prior to 10-valent pneumococcal vaccine introduction: A population-based cross-sectional study in South Western Uganda, 2014. (kemri-wellcome.org)
Standard method for detecting upper respiratory carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae: updated recommendations from the World Health Organization Pneumococcal Carriage Working Group. (kemri-wellcome.org)
We aimed to identify a dose of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B sufficient to establish nasopharyngeal carriage in 40% of those nasally inoculated and evaluate nasal mucosal immunity before and after experimental inoculation. (lstmed.ac.uk)
Healthy student volunteers were recruited and inoculated with saline, 20,000 CFU/naris or 80,000 CFU/naris of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B Post inoculation carriage was determined by nasal sampling for bacterial culture and lytA PCR. (lstmed.ac.uk)
Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in healthy children: implications for the use of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. (matsuhometownbnb.com)
BACKGROUND: Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage is a prerequisite for clinical infections and is used to make public health decisions on vaccine licensure. (bvsalud.org)
EXPERT OPINION: Respiratory carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae has been underestimated in adults. (ox.ac.uk)
Pneumococcal infections are caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, a lancet-shaped, gram-positive, catalase-negative facultative anaerobe commonly referred to as pneumococcus. (medscape.com)
Population genetic structure of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Kilifi, Kenya, prior to the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. (ox.ac.uk)
Rationale: Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 (SPN3) is a cause of invasive pneumococcal disease and associated with low carriage rates. (ox.ac.uk)
Pneumococcal disease is a bacterial infection caused by streptococcus pneumoniae of which there are more than 90 serotypes. (hse.ie)
Over the years streptococcus pneumoniae has become resistant to many medications making the treatment of pneumococcal infections much more difficult. (hse.ie)
This vaccine contains purified polysaccharide from 23 of the most common capsular types of streptococcus pneumoniae. (hse.ie)
Pili were recently recognized in Streptococcus pneumoniae and implicated in the virulence of this bacterium, which led to the proposal of using these antigens in a future pneumococcal vaccine. (biomedcentral.com)
Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is a serious bacterial infection caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae and can result in bacteraemia, meningitis and pneumonia. (who.int)
There are 90 known capsular antigenic types of Streptococcus pneumoniae . (who.int)
Social mixing in infancy enhances the immune response to a Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine at 1 year of age. (ox.ac.uk)
Detection of group A Streptococcus in tonsils from pediatric patients reveals high rate of asymptomatic streptococcal carriage. (wakehealth.edu)
Multicenter surveillance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from middle ear and mastoid cultures in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era. (wakehealth.edu)
Pneumococci are a type of streptococcus bacteria. (medlineplus.gov)
ALRI is caused by a number of infective agents, have also shown a reduction in invasive pneumococcal with Streptococcus pneumoniae being the most frequently diseases after introduction of PCV ( 7 , 8 ). (who.int)
Background: Antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae has compromised the effectiveness of therapy for pneumococcal diseases and asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriers play an important role in transmission of resistant strains. (bvsalud.org)

Schedules will be compared in relation to their effect on nasopharyngeal carriage and immunogenicity. (bmj.com)
The introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines during the 1990s was followed by dramatic decreases both in the incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b related invasive disease and in nasopharyngeal carriage of the organism. (bmj.com)
The extent of this effect has been influenced by the fact that Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines reduce nasopharyngeal carriage and induce herd immunity. (bmj.com)
Evidence has begun to accumulate that these new polysaccharide based conjugate vaccines can also reduce nasopharyngeal carriage and can induce immune responses at the local mucosal level, which may be responsible for these effects. (bmj.com)
BACKGROUND: Vaccination of children with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) led to declines in vaccine-type pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage among adults through indirect effects. (cdc.gov)
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine induced IgG and nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococci: Hyporesponsiveness and immune correlates of protection for carriage. (kemri-wellcome.org)
The objectives of this study were to identify risk factors for nasopharyngeal carriage and density of S. pneumoniae , H. influenzae , M. catarrhalis , and S. aureus in young children in Indonesia. (biomedcentral.com)
Conclusion: In France, the nasopharyngeal carriage rate of reduced-susceptibility pneumococcal strains and ß-lactamase-producing Hi strains decreased in children with acute otitis media after 2010, the year the PCV13was introduced. (medicinelakex1.com)

Several new mucosal vaccines against respiratory infections are under development. (bmj.com)
Since 2007 there has been a series of interlinked studies to measure the burden of respiratory infections in adults and children, understand the role HIV plays in driving pneumococcal disease, studies of the transmission of pneumococcus within the community and most recently an evaluation of the impact of the introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine to the infant vaccine schedule in Malawi. (meiru.info)
Influence of child vaccination with the new 13-valent vaccine on invasive infections and on the naso-pharyngeal carriage in the early years of life. (biodonostia.org)
The role of pneumococcal biofilm in chronic respiratory infections (COPD). (biodonostia.org)
This vaccine protects against invasive bacteremic disease, although existing data suggest that it is less effective in protecting against other types of pneumococcal infections. (cdc.gov)
Severe pneumococcal infections result from dissemination of bacteria to the bloodstream and the central nervous system. (cdc.gov)
The pilus islet is present in a minority of pneumococcal isolates recovered from human invasive infections and is therefore not an essential virulence factor in these infections. (biomedcentral.com)
An alternative explanation is that differences in immunological experience, such as increased exposure to respiratory viral infections in early childhood, alters the response to vaccines perhaps by affecting the balance between Th1 and Th2 cytokines. (ox.ac.uk)
Pneumococcal infections can be mild or severe. (medlineplus.gov)
Vaccines can prevent pneumococcal infections. (medlineplus.gov)

The Vietnam Pneumococcal Trial II (VPT-II) will evaluate reduced-dose schedules of PCV10 and PCV13 utilising an unvaccinated control group. (bmj.com)
Before 2021, ACIP recommended 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) alone (up to 2 doses), or both a single dose of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in combination with 1-3 doses of PPSV23 in series (PCV13 followed by PPSV23), for use in U.S. adults depending on age and underlying risk for pneumococcal disease. (cdc.gov)
In addition, ACIP recommends use of either a single dose of PCV20 or ≥1 dose of PPSV23 for adults who have started their pneumococcal vaccine series with PCV13 but have not received all recommended PPSV23 doses. (cdc.gov)
Shared clinical decision-making is recommended regarding use of a supplemental PCV20 dose for adults aged ≥65 years who have completed their recommended vaccine series with both PCV13 and PPSV23. (cdc.gov)
In 2014, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in series with 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) for all adults aged ≥65 years. (cdc.gov)
PCV13 use in children has led to sharp declines in pneumococcal disease among adults and children. (cdc.gov)
At that time, ACIP recognized that there would be a need to reevaluate this recommendation because it was anticipated that PCV13 use in children would continue to reduce disease burden among adults through reduced carriage and transmission of vaccine serotypes from vaccinated children (i.e. (cdc.gov)
When patients and vaccine providers § engage in shared clinical decision-making for PCV13 use to determine whether PCV13 is right for a particular person, considerations might include both the person's risk for exposure to PCV13 serotypes and their risk for developing pneumococcal disease as a result of underlying medical conditions. (cdc.gov)
7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced into the routine pediatric immunization schedule in 2000 and was replaced by PCV13 in 2010 ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
With the introduction of the 7- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7 and PCV13), changes in pneumococcal upper airway colonization have been described. (unibas.ch)
We compared pneumococcal carriage and the nasal microbiota within the first year of life of healthy infants vaccinated with either PCV7 (n = 20, born in 2010) or PCV13 (n = 21, born between 2011 and 2013). (unibas.ch)
We hypothesize that the higher diversity and stability of the upper airway microbiota in the PCV13 era is the result of the lower pneumococcal carriage rate. (unibas.ch)
However, given the low vaccine-type carriage rates we observed in an already high PCV13 adult coverage setting, it is difficult to attribute our findings to the direct versus indirect effects of PCV13 on adult carriage. (cdc.gov)
Recently, new vaccinums covering extra serotypes such as the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccinum ( PCV10 ) and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccinum ( PCV13 ) were introduced, and are expected to cut down Streptpcoccus pneumoniae-related diseases moreover. (bestnursingwritingservices.com)
Post PCV13 introduction we are seeing a reduction in severe and very severe pneumonia cases consistent with a vaccine effect. (meiru.info)
Going forward we will be continuing to monitor the carriage and transmission of pneumococcus in the post PCV13 period, collecting both empirical data and using models to predict the impact of alternative vaccine schedules. (meiru.info)
Persistent carriage of pneumococcal vaccine serotypes has occurred after introduction of PCV13 vaccination in Africa but the mechanisms are unclear. (lstmed.ac.uk)
Following the introduction of pediatric 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) programs, SPN3 declines are less than other vaccine serotypes and incidence has increased in some populations coincident with a shift in predominant circulating SPN3 clade, from I to II. (ox.ac.uk)
In December 2010 PCV13 vaccine replaced PCV7 in the Irish childhood immunisation programme. (hse.ie)

In adults, pneumococcal pneumonia is the most common type of pneumococcal disease, and pneumococcus is the most common bacterial cause of pneumonia that results in hospitalization ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Protein vaccines offer the promise of extended serotype coverage, reduced cost, and improved protection against otitis media and pneumococcal pneumonia. (ox.ac.uk)
While often used as a synonym for pneumonia , the rubric of lower respiratory tract infection can also be applied to other types of infection including lung abscess , acute bronchitis , and emphysema . (bionity.com)
Studies show that among children who have been vaccinated, the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease, pneumonia, otitis media has decreased. (luxmedlublin.pl)
Each year in the United States, pneumococcal disease accounts for an estimated 3,000 cases of meningitis, 50,000 cases of bacteremia, 500,000 cases of pneumonia, and 7 million cases of otitis media (1-4). (cdc.gov)

OBJECTIVE: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines reduce the prevalence of vaccine serotypes carried in the nasopharynx. (ox.ac.uk)
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines reduce the rates of nasopharyngeal colonisation by vaccine serotypes, thus decreasing the potential for transmission from vaccinated to unvaccinated persons. (hse.ie)

Pneumococcus can colonize the upper respiratory tract, most commonly in young children, and is transmitted to others through contact with respiratory droplets from a person with pneumococcal colonization in the upper respiratory tract ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
In the same manner, children receiving vaccines against pneumococcus reduces pneumococcal disease incidence among younger, unvaccinated siblings. (wikipedia.org)
Vaccinating children against pneumococcus and rotavirus has had the effect of reducing pneumococcus- and rotavirus-attributable hospitalizations for older children and adults, who do not normally receive these vaccines. (wikipedia.org)
The vaccines protect against infection with 13 types of pneumococcus, which most often cause invasive diseases. (luxmedlublin.pl)
Design of new pneumococcus typing techniques. (biodonostia.org)
With hopes running high for a new vaccine against the major killer pneumococcus, the Alliance partners are tackling the tough challenge of making sure it will be promptly available and affordable in developing countries. (vaccinealliance.org)
But a vaccine can only save lives if it is accessible and this is the second reason why pneumococcus is coming under the spotlight now. (vaccinealliance.org)

Non-invasive pneumococcal infection: otitis and conjunctivitis. (biodonostia.org)
As part of the Finnish Otitis Media (FinOM) studies, scientists have collected large numbers of bacteria of the species S. pneumoniae from ear infection (otitis media) and asymptomatic carriage. (imperial.ac.uk)
This has implications for the control of otitis media with new conjugate vaccines. (imperial.ac.uk)
BMC Infectious Diseases (2015) 15:236 distribution has shifted, which has led to a modification in Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most frequent bacterial pneumococcal antibiotic susceptibility. (medicinelakex1.com)

Certain persons with pneumococcal colonization might develop invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
INTRODUCTION: Most of the current evidence regarding pneumococcal upper respiratory colonization in adults suggests that despite high disease burden, carriage prevalence is low. (ox.ac.uk)
Contemporary studies on adult pneumococcal colonization have largely followed the pediatric approach by which samples are obtained mostly from the nasopharynx and bacterial detection is evaluated by routine culture alone. (ox.ac.uk)
AREAS COVERED: In this article, relevant literature published in peer review journals on adult pneumococcal colonization, epidemiology, detection methods, and recommendations were reviewed. (ox.ac.uk)
Pneumococcal colonization is usually asymptomatic but is a prerequisite for invasive disease. (ox.ac.uk)

Coverage and timeliness of vaccination and the validity of routine estimates: Insights from a vaccine registry in Kenya. (kemri-wellcome.org)
Sustained reduction in vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease despite waning effects of a catch-up campaign in Kilifi, Kenya: A mathematical model based on pre-vaccination data. (kemri-wellcome.org)
Effects of Vaccination with 10-Valent Pneumococcal Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenza Protein D Conjugate Vaccine (PHiD-CV) on the Nasopharyngeal Microbiome of Kenyan Toddlers. (ox.ac.uk)
METHODS: Profiles of the nasopharyngeal microbiota of 60 children aged 12-59 months, who had been randomized to receive 2 doses of PHiD-CV (n=30) or Hepatitis A vaccine (n=30) 60 days apart, were constructed by 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing of swab specimens collected before vaccination and 180 days after dose 1. (ox.ac.uk)
History of allergic disease or history of a serious reaction to any prior vaccination or known hypersensitivity to any component of the study vaccines. (who.int)
In countries where vaccination is mandatory, the effects are even better, as the vaccines also protect against carriage, which limits the spread of infection. (luxmedlublin.pl)
This finding may have implications for the interpretation of dynamics of pneumococcal transmission and vaccination. (ox.ac.uk)
The present data contribute to pneumococcal vaccination public health policies for vulnerable patients, mainly those with comorbidity and the elderly. (bvsalud.org)
This report contains updated information regarding a) antimicrobial resistance among pneumococci, b) vaccine effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, c) indications for vaccination, d) guidelines for revaccination, e) strategies for improving delivery of vaccine, and f) development of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. (cdc.gov)
This study illustrates the much broader effect of vaccination with PCV- 7 on the microbial community than currently assumed, and highlights the need for careful monitoring when implementing vaccines directed against common colonizers. (tno.nl)
As for any vaccine PCV vaccination should be postponed in those individuals who have an acute febrile illness. (hse.ie)
Following the introduction of widespread vaccination against S. pneumoniae in the US, I have been working with scientists based at Harvard and Boston University to track the consequences for the pneumococcal population. (imperial.ac.uk)
Association of Prior Vaccination With Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Children Receiving Live Attenuated or Inactivated Vaccine. (wakehealth.edu)
Barriers and facilitators spanned contextual, individual/group and vaccine/vaccination-specific factors. (scienceopen.com)
Key facilitators to all vaccines were higher perceived infection risk and belief that vaccination is beneficial. (scienceopen.com)
Key barriers to all vaccines were belief that vaccination could trigger IMID flare, and active IMID. (scienceopen.com)
Key facilitators specific to COVID-19 vaccines included media focus, high incidence, mass-vaccination programme with visible impact, social responsibility, and healthcare professionals' (HCP) confirmation of the new vaccines' suitability for their IMID. (scienceopen.com)
Key barriers of influenza/pneumococcal vaccines were unaware of eligibility, no direct invitation or recommendation from HCP, low perceived infection risk, and no perceived benefit from vaccination. (scienceopen.com)
Numerous barriers and facilitators to vaccination, varying by vaccine-type, exist for immunosuppressed-IMID patients. (scienceopen.com)
Addressing vaccine benefits and safety for IMID-patients in clinical practice, direct invitation, and public-health messaging highlighting immunosuppression as key vaccination-eligibility criteria may optimise uptake, although further research should assess this. (scienceopen.com)
The SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy concluded that vaccine hesitancy refers to delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccination despite availability of vaccination services. (scienceopen.com)

Number and ST distribution of pneumococcal serotype 19A strains isolated from invasive disease and carriage, Belgium. (cdc.gov)
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have had unprecedented success in controlling vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease. (ox.ac.uk)
It has long been recognised that serum antibodies to capsular PS of some bacteria including H influenzae type b, S pneumoniae , and N meningitidis are protective against invasive disease. (bmj.com)
Immunogenicity and Tolerability to Human Papillomavirus-like Particle Vaccine in Girls and Young Women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. (vakciny.net)
After the debut of the PCV7 vaccinum in the United States, a decrease of more than 90 % of invasive pneumococcal disease ( IPD ) was reported in immunized kids under the age of 5 old ages. (bestnursingwritingservices.com)
These vaccinums are expected to increase the coverage of pneumococcal disease and to cut down significantly more the load of IPD, AOM and CAP universe broad. (bestnursingwritingservices.com)
Carriage of these species is generally asymptomatic, but particularly for S. pneumoniae , carriage is considered a prerequisite for disease as well as the source of transmission [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Most recently pneumococcal disease and vaccines have become a central vaccine theme. (meiru.info)
Children under the age of 5 are most vulnerable to pneumococcal disease, as their immune systems are not yet sufficiently developed. (luxmedlublin.pl)
The association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pneumococcal carriage were also investigated. (bvsalud.org)
Further studies on the link between carriage serotypes and disease are required. (bvsalud.org)
In order to predict the economic impact of introducing rotavirus vaccine in the national immunization program in India, researchers considered factors such as disease burden, vaccine efficacy and vaccine cost. (plk-receptor.com)
The focus of this report is the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease (i.e., bacteremia, meningitis, or infection of other normally sterile sites) through the use of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. (cdc.gov)
Rates of invasive pneumococcal disease are exceptionally high among Alaskan Natives and American Indians. (cdc.gov)
Seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV- 7) is effective against vaccine serotype disease and carriage. (tno.nl)
What is pneumococcal disease? (hse.ie)
What are the symptoms of pneumococcal disease? (hse.ie)
Who is most at risk of pneumococcal disease? (hse.ie)
Pneumococcal disease can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, particularly amongst the very young, the very old, those with impaired immunity and those with anatomic or functional asplenia. (hse.ie)
How is pneumococcal disease transmitted? (hse.ie)
The decrease in this age group can largely be attributed to a 98% decline in Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) due to serotypes covered by PCV7 between 2008 and 2016. (hse.ie)
Pneumococcal disease is a very serious disease. (hse.ie)
Too often in the past, new vaccines developed against major diseases such as hepatitis B have waited 10 or even 20 years after their initial licensure to reach those in low-income countries where disease burden tends to be highest. (vaccinealliance.org)
Adolescents and young adults are at particular risk of meningococcal disease while the elderly are at particular risk of pneumococcal disease. (gambohospital.org)
The highest burden of disease is seen in a region of sub-Saharan Africa, known as the African Meningitis Belt, especially recognised to be at high risk of epidemics of meningococcal but also pneumococcal meningitis. (gambohospital.org)
We have noted the emergence of serotype 19A in both asymptomatic carriage and invasive disease, and are currently working to predict the likely future trajectory of this serotype, which is thriving in the post vaccine era. (imperial.ac.uk)
Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is a serious bacterial disease. (who.int)
A vaccine programme has been in place in Australia for pneumococcal disease since 1999 when the 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (23vPPV) was introduced for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults aged 50 years and over ( Box 2 ). (who.int)
Invasive pneumococcal disease: the target is moving. (wakehealth.edu)

This report compiles and summarizes all published recommendations from CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for use of pneumococcal vaccines in adults aged ≥19 years in the United States. (cdc.gov)
In 2021, two new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), a 15-valent and a 20-valent PCV (PCV15 and PCV20), were licensed for use in U.S. adults aged ≥18 years by the Food and Drug Administration. (cdc.gov)
During 2018-2019, approximately 60%-75% of all IPD in adults was caused by the 24 pneumococcal serotypes that were included in the formulations of commercially available polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (PCV) or pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV) vaccines (i.e. (cdc.gov)
PPSV23 (Pneumovax23) is a 23-valent vaccine that has been recommended for use since the 1980s for persons aged ≥2 years with certain underlying medical conditions and for adults aged ≥65 years ( Table 1 ) (Figure). (cdc.gov)
Unconjugated PS vaccines have been available for many years and have received some use in adults. (bmj.com)
We compared pneumococcal isolation rates and evaluated the benefit of using oropharyngeal (OP) specimens in addition to nasopharyngeal (NP) specimens collected from adults in rural Kenya. (cdc.gov)
however, the added cost of collecting and processing OP specimens may justify exclusion from future carriage studies among adults. (cdc.gov)
Since the introduction of pneumococcal vaccine we are starting to see a decline in vaccine type pneumococcal carriage, but the evolution of this process is at a much slower rate than expected from other settings and raises issues about the most appropriate vaccine schedule for use in this setting and the role of vaccinating HIV-infected adults to speed up the development of herd immunity. (meiru.info)
Pneumococcal carriage data among high-risk Thai adults are needed before national vaccine program introduction. (bvsalud.org)
Invasive pneumococcal infection in children and adults: incidence, serotypes and genotypes. (biodonostia.org)
Recent evidence suggests that the 'pediatric approach' may be insufficient in adults and pneumococcal detection in this population may be improved by longitudinal studies that include samples from additional respiratory sites combined with more extensive laboratory testing. (ox.ac.uk)
It has been estimated that carriage of the bacteria may range from 10% of adults to 50% of children attending day care facilities. (hse.ie)
This vaccine is recommended for those aged 65 years and older and "at-risk" adults and children over 2 years of age. (hse.ie)
Prior to the introduction of pneumococcal vaccines into the Australian immunization schedule, 83%-85% of IPD cases in children aged less than 14 years and 69% of IPD cases in adults aged more than 65 years in the state of New South Wales (NSW) could be attributed to the seven serotypes found in the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vPCV) ( Box 1 ). (who.int)
To explore barriers and facilitators to COVID-19, influenza, and pneumococcal vaccine uptake in immunosuppressed adults with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). (scienceopen.com)

Current pneumococcal vaccines use the pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides as antigens to generate serotype-specific antibodies, which facilitate serotype-specific clearance of pneumococci through opsonophagocytosis ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
The prevalence of pneumococcal carriage, as determined by the molecular method, was 30.8 % (95 % confidence interval (CI): 26.1-35.8), while after excluding non-typeable pneumococci from the oropharyngeal sample, the carriage prevalence was 20.8 % (95 % CI: 16.79-25.31). (bvsalud.org)
Introduction of any PCV will perturb the existing pneumococcal population structure, thus the aim was to genotype pneumococci collected in Kilifi before PCV10. (ox.ac.uk)
1100 invasive and carriage pneumococci from children, the largest collection genotyped from a single resource-poor country and reported to date. (ox.ac.uk)
Even within serotypes, there was variation in the presence of the pilus islet between PFGE clones and a higher Wallace coefficient (W = 0.939) indicates that carriage of the islet is a clonal property of pneumococci. (biomedcentral.com)
Carriage of the pilus islet is a clonal property of pneumococci that may vary between isolates expressing the same serotype and loss and acquisition of the islet may be ongoing. (biomedcentral.com)
The low immunogenicity of serotype 6B polysaccharide might make conditions more favorable for carriage of the 6B organism and explain why 6B pneumococci were more frequently isolated than other serotypes. (ox.ac.uk)

Vaccine , (2022). (kemri-wellcome.org)

This report updates the last recommendations by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) concerning pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MMWR 1989;38:64-8,73-6). (cdc.gov)
Immunization also resulted in decreased presence of the pneumococcal vaccine serotype and an increase in the relative abundance and presence of nonpneumococcal streptococci and anaerobic bacteria. (tno.nl)
A new 13-valent vaccine (13vPCV) was introduced into the Australian immunization schedule in June 2011, comprising an additional five serotypes also found in 23vPPV, as well as one unique serotype ( Box 1 ). (who.int)
There have been some reports of the impact of the pneumococcal vaccine since its introduction into the Australian immunization schedule and the potential benefits that may be offered by the 13vPVC. (who.int)
Refer to https://www.who.int/teams/immunization-vaccines-and-biologicals/policies/position-papers for most recent version of this table and position papers. (who.int)
Verifying influenza and pneumococcal immunization status of children in 2009-2010 from primary care practice records and from the North Carolina Immunization Registry. (wakehealth.edu)
The 13-va- lent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) was introduced to the Moroccan National Immunization Programme in 2010. (who.int)

Introduction Reduced-dose schedules offer a more efficient and affordable way to use pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). (bmj.com)
Although Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines (PCVs) are available and have significantly reduced the rate of invasive pneumococcal diseases, there is still a need for new vaccines with unlimited serotype coverage, long-lasting protection, and lower cost to be developed. (mdpi.com)

Risk factor analysis was done using data on bacterial carriage and participant characteristics from a cross-sectional study that enrolled 302 children aged 12-24 months living in urban or semi-rural areas of Indonesia. (biomedcentral.com)
Experimentally induced type 6B pneumococcal carriage was associated with pro-inflammatory nasal mucosal responses prior to inoculation and altered mucosal recruitment of immune cells post bacterial challenge. (lstmed.ac.uk)
The new generation of whole-cell vaccines is based on an unencapsulated serotype that allows the expression of many bacterial antigens at a lower cost than a recombinant vaccine. (mdpi.com)

This article reviews recent studies on mucosal immune responses induced by polysaccharide based vaccines and some protein vaccine antigens against several pathogenic nasopharyngeal bacteria, and discusses the mechanisms and functions of these immune responses that may help our understanding of mucosal immune responses to both immunisation and infection. (bmj.com)
5y) and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) symptoms were associated with S. pneumoniae carriage, with adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of 2.17 (95% CI 1.13, 4.12) and 2.28 (95% CI 1.15, 4.50), respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
The increased U-EPX values at 3 months after the RSV infection compared to the controls and also the slightly increased U-EPX values at that time indicate that the RSV infection causes activation of eosinophils and probably leads to a Th2 type inflammation in the majority of the children. (laeknabladid.is)
If a pneumococcal infection is suspected or considered, Gram stain and culture of appropriate specimens should be obtained, when possible. (medscape.com)
Immune deficiencies such as HIV infection or complement deficiency, immunosuppression, and active or passive smoking can also raise the risk of different types of meningitis. (gambohospital.org)

Live attenuated mucosal influenza vaccine has been licensed in the USA, but it will probably be some time before others go into general use. (bmj.com)
We aim to document the barriers toward seasonal influenza vaccine uptake among healthcare workers (HCWs) and pregnant women (PW) in Pakistan. (bvsalud.org)
Several themes emerged from the interviews: 1) HCWs' knowledge of influenza and its prevention, 2) HCWs' perception of motivators and barriers to influenza vaccine uptake and 3) HCWs' attitudes towrd vaccine promotion. (bvsalud.org)
We report low influenza vaccine coverage among HCWs and PW in Pakistan. (bvsalud.org)
Influenza vaccine in the red zone defense: a game-day player. (wakehealth.edu)
Effectiveness of live attenuated influenza vaccine and inactivated influenza vaccine in children 2-17 years of age in 2013-2014 in the United States. (wakehealth.edu)
Effectiveness of live attenuated influenza vaccine and inactivated influenza vaccine in children during the 2014-2015 season. (wakehealth.edu)

This suggests limited replacement carriage with pathogens other than non-vaccine strains of S. pneumoniae. (ox.ac.uk)

NP and OP swabs were processed separately and pneumococcal isolates were serotyped by Quellung reaction. (cdc.gov)
Antimicrobial susceptibility of pneumococcal isolates was performed. (cdc.gov)
Almost half (22/45) of pneumococcal isolates were not susceptible to at least one of the antibiotics tested. (cdc.gov)
Major CCs associated with non-PCV10 serotypes were predominantly represented by carriage isolates, although serotype 19A and 12F CCs were largely invasive and a serotype 10A CC was equally represented by invasive and carriage isolates. (ox.ac.uk)
We examined the distribution of the pilus islet, using the presence of the rlrA gene as a marker for the locus, among a collection of invasive isolates recovered in Portugal and analyzed its association with capsular serotypes, clusters defined by the pulsed-field gel electrophoretic profiles (PFGE) and multilocus sequence types. (biomedcentral.com)

The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccinum ( PCV7 ) is presently being introduced in the vaccinum agenda of over 90 states around the universe. (bestnursingwritingservices.com)
In grownups over 65 old ages of age a important decrease of 90 % in IPD caused by PCV7 serotypes was reported every bit good.Broader Spectrum Conjugate Vaccines Health Essay. (bestnursingwritingservices.com)
The debut of PCV7 into everyday baby immunisation plans has led to the close obliteration of vaccine-serotype IPD in immunized kids every bit good as in older kids and grownups, through herd protection. (bestnursingwritingservices.com)
PCV7 vaccine - containing an antigen from 7 of the most common capsular types (4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, 23F) was introduced into the routine primary immunisation schedule in September 2008, with a catch up programme for children under 2 years of age. (hse.ie)

As placebo-controlled trials are not currently ethically justifiable, human pneumococcal challenge models using prevention of carriage as a test endpoint offer an attractive link between preclinical studies and clinical efficacy trials. (ox.ac.uk)
We tested the feasibility of using a human pneumococcal challenge model in Malawi to understand immune correlates of protection against carriage and to trial alternative vaccine candidates. (lstmed.ac.uk)

CONCLUSIONS: The significant declines in the proportion of young women found to have genital warts and the absence of genital warts in vaccinated women in 2011 suggests that the human papillomavirus vaccine has a high efficacy outside of the trial setting. (vakciny.net)
The serotype 6B experimental human pneumococcal carriage model is feasible in Malawi and can now be used to determine the immunological correlates of protection against carriage and vaccine efficacy in this population. (lstmed.ac.uk)

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine dose-ranging studies in humans: A systematic review. (kemri-wellcome.org)

Based on the success of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines, chemical conjugation has been applied to the development of pneumococcal and meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccines. (bmj.com)

Background: Chronic conditions increase the risk of invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD). (bvsalud.org)

Rates were analysed according to serotypes covered by available vaccines. (who.int)

Conducted in a country without routine pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) use, allowing inclusion of an unvaccinated control group and measurement of the reduction in carriage afforded by the reduced-dose schedules. (bmj.com)

Because this could alter carriage of other potential pathogens, we assessed the nasopharyngeal microbiome of children who had been vaccinated with 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein-D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV). (ox.ac.uk)

These immune responses may be important both in the prevention of invasive diseases and in the reduction of upper respiratory carriage of pathogens. (bmj.com)
These vaccines have been extensively studied, are currently in human trial phase 1/2, and seem to be the best treatment choice for pneumococcal diseases, especially for developing countries. (mdpi.com)
The number of childhood deaths from vaccine-preventable diseases dropped significantly, with reductions in measles deaths surpassing international targets. (who.int)

Vaccine , (2023). (kemri-wellcome.org)

Snaith AE, Dunn SJ, Moran RA, Newton PN, Dance DAB, Davong V, Kuenzli E, Kantele A, Corander J, McNally A. The highly diverse plasmid population found in Escherichia coli colonizing travellers to Laos and its role in antimicrobial resistance gene carriage. (bu.edu)

S. pneumoniae carriage prevalence varies from 19 to 86% depending on factors such as age, geographic location, and HIV status [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Based on their thick layer of capsular polysaccharide (CPS), S. pneumoniae have been classified into about 97 different specific types according to the Danish classification system [ 2 , 3 ]. (mdpi.com)

Vaccines against STIs that are targeted at heterosexuals of one sex result in significant declines in STIs in heterosexuals of both sexes if vaccine uptake in the target sex is high. (wikipedia.org)

CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of pneumococcal carriage in Thais was high. (bvsalud.org)
Two studies [59] and [60] reaching similar conclusions envisaged that rotavirus vaccine would likely be a good investment in the country. (plk-receptor.com)
CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the pre-PCV10 population genetic structure in Kilifi will allow for the detection of changes in prevalence of the circulating genotypes and evidence for capsular switching post-vaccine implementation. (ox.ac.uk)
Conclusions: An SPN3 human challenge model is feasible and safe with comparable carriage rates to an established Serotype 6B human challenge model. (ox.ac.uk)

For example, new pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccines were introduced to combat the two biggest killers of young children in the developing world. (who.int)

Vaccine , (2021). (kemri-wellcome.org)

Influenza (flu) is more severe in the elderly than in younger age groups, but influenza vaccines lack effectiveness in this demographic due to a waning of the immune system with age. (wikipedia.org)
Case-control vaccine effectiveness studies: Preparation, design, and enrollment of cases and controls. (kemri-wellcome.org)
Case-control vaccine effectiveness studies: Data collection, analysis and reporting results. (kemri-wellcome.org)
2015-2016 Vaccine Effectiveness of Live Attenuated and Inactivated Influenza Vaccines in Children in the United States. (wakehealth.edu)

As serotype replacement and the complexity of designing vaccines to multiple capsular polysaccharides ultimately pose a threat to these vaccines, the development of alternative protein vaccines is important. (ox.ac.uk)

The aim of this investigation was to describe the notification rates of IPD in a regional area of Australia, explore changes in rates since the introduction of the population vaccine programmes in 2005 and to describe changes in the distribution of serotypes in relation to the available vaccines after three years. (who.int)
The introduction of 7vPCV significantly reduced the overall notification rate of IPD caused by the serotypes contained in this vaccine. (who.int)

Vaccine research has been at the centre of research activities in Karonga since the start of the programme. (meiru.info)
This replaced PCV 7 (Prevenar 7) the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduced into the routine childhood immunisation programme in September 2008. (hse.ie)

Educational campaigns addressing misconceptions, and improving affordability and accessibility through government interventions, can improve vaccine uptake. (bvsalud.org)

Pneumococcal carriage and serotypes were investigated using both conventional and molecular methods. (bvsalud.org)
and use molecular diagnostic methods designed to target two pneumococcal DNA sequences should enhance pneumococcal detection in the adult respiratory tract. (ox.ac.uk)

Newborn infants are too young to receive many vaccines, either for safety reasons or because passive immunity renders the vaccine ineffective. (wikipedia.org)
Potential impact of accelerating the primary dose of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in infants. (wakehealth.edu)
Potential impact of acceleration of the pertussis vaccine primary series for infants. (wakehealth.edu)

Anatomy8

Organisms10

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs79

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Phenomena and Processes9

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

Named Groups1

Health Care7

Geographicals2

Streptococcus25

Nasopharyngeal carriage8

Infections10

PCV1319

Pneumonia5

Conjugate vaccines reduce2

Pneumococcus7

Otitis4

Colonization5

Vaccination21

Disease29

Adults15

Pneumococci7

20221

Immunization7

PCVs2

Bacterial3

Infection5

Influenza vaccine7

Strains1

Isolates5

PCV74

Human pneumococcal challenge2

Efficacy2

Humans1

Development of pneumococcal1

Invasive pneumococcal diseases1

Serotypes Covered1

Reduced-dose1

Haemophilus1

Diseases3

20231

Antimicrobial1

Pneumoniae2

Declines1

CONCLUSIONS4

Rotavirus1

20211

Effectiveness4

Capsular polysaccharides1

Introduction2

Programme2

Uptake1

Methods2

Infants3