Vaccination could induce effective immune. Medical search. Frequent questions

The extent to which immune responses to natural infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and immunization with vaccines protect against variants of concern (VOC) is of increasing importance. (nature.com)
Arnon and Ben-Yedidia hypothesize that these vaccines would be effective against H5N1, a pandemic virus more commonly known as bird flu. (wikipedia.org)
At the current time, there is insufficient evidence to assess the potential impact of immune senescence on response to the mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines. (elifesciences.org)
Little is known about the broad effects of the new class of mRNA vaccines, especially whether they have combined effects on innate and adaptive immune responses. (ssrn.com)
In conclusion, the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine induces complex functional reprogramming of innate immune responses, which should be considered in the development and use of this new class of vaccines. (ssrn.com)
These findings help elucidate the acute timeline of response to peptide vaccination and may support further translational vaccine development efforts, particular in the context of tumor vaccines. (harvard.edu)
During September - October 2021, the FDA amended the COVID-19 vaccine EUAs to allow for booster doses of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines in persons who completed primary vaccination with these vaccines, as well as use of each of the available COVID-19 vaccines as a heterologous (or "mix and match") booster dose in eligible individuals following completion of primary vaccination with a different COVID-19 vaccine. (cdc.gov)
Additionally, on August 31, 2022, the FDA amended the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine and the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine to authorize bivalent formulations of the vaccines for use as a single booster dose at least two months following primary or booster vaccination. (cdc.gov)
Further, researches should target whether vaccines and/or antibodies against ZIKV can induce Antibody Dependent Enhancement (ADE) resulting in subsequent enhancement of flavivirus infection. (scialert.net)
The current Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP) statement on diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis issued August 8, 1991, gives general recommendations on pertussis prevention, including the use of whole-cell pertussis vaccines for primary and booster vaccination (1). (cdc.gov)
Vaccines offer the potential to prime a pathogen-specific immune response and subsequently reduce disease burden. (smw.ch)
Many current nonadjuvanted vaccines are poorly effective in the elderly and immunocompromised populations, resulting in nonprotective postvaccine antibody titres, which serve as surrogate markers for protection. (smw.ch)
mRNA vaccines induce the production of proteins that trigger an immune response in the human body. (businesswire.com)
The development of vaccines is evolving thanks to these mRNA vaccines, supporting the next generation of vaccination. (businesswire.com)
An issue when using live vaccines is that there may be a risk of the vaccine strain reverting back to wild-type and causing disease in animals or humans, although it is recognized that live vaccines are effective in inducing protective Th-1 type immune responses. (europa.eu)
Once the notion of immunocompetence has been defined, we use it to propose a possible mechanism of action by which effective vaccines against COVID-19 can act as transition drivers between the immune configurations of an individual towards the construction of a protective immune response against the coronavirus. (biorxiv.org)
Scientists need to determine which BCG vaccines might have the best ability to boost the innate immune system to fight COVID-19. (riazhaq.com)
The first comprehensive vaccinations against COVID-19 with RNA vaccines have been running for a few days. (tugraz.at)
These completely novel vaccines contain genetic information of the pathogen and induce cells to produce a viral protein, which is then presented to the immune system. (tugraz.at)
Currently, mass vaccination programmes, utilising regulatory-approved vaccines, remains the best way to prevent viral transmission [ 3 , 4 ], severe disease, death [ 5 , 6 ] and overwhelming the already stretched healthcare services. (medrxiv.org)
However, knowledge about how these vaccines work, how the immune system works and how neurodegenerative diseases come about can be brought to bear on the problem in order to predict potential devastating future consequences of the vaccines. (theepochtimes.com)
Effective influenza vaccines should protect individuals from influenza infection and reduce the socio-economic burden imposed by the disease. (rug.nl)
In mice, influenza vaccines containing GPI-0100 elicit significantly improved immune responses of higher magnitude and better quality, when compared to those induced by the same vaccines without GPI-0100. (rug.nl)
Importantly, substantial protection of the lungs can be achieved by vaccination with GPI-0100-containing influenza vaccines at an extremely low antigen dose. (rug.nl)
Epidemiological and experimental evidence has shown that the vaccines fail to prevent B. pertussis infection and transmission, although they are very effective in preventing disease. (frontiersin.org)
Furthermore, studies in mouse models have revealed that B. pertussis infection, but not immunization with current acellular pertussis vaccines induces resident memory T cells, which may also contribute to protection against colonization by B. pertussis . (frontiersin.org)
As these resident memory T cells are long lived, vaccines that are able to induce them should provide long-lasting immunity. (frontiersin.org)
Several reasons may account for this resurgence, including faster waning of immunity through acellular compared to whole-cell vaccines and potential strain adaptation to escape vaccine-induced immunity ( 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
Current understanding of the protein targets of the immune response following smallpox vaccination, however, is insufficient for the evaluation of new candidate vaccines. (who.int)
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 275 million of infections with nearly 5.36 million deaths by now, yet few vaccines approved for emergency use can induce sufficient mucosal protection for preventing robust SARS-CoV-2 nasal infection. (hku.hk)
Although the current vaccination reduced rates of hospitalisation, severity and death significantly, these vaccines are much less effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 respiratory transmission, which has posted great challenges for the pandemic control. (hku.hk)
However, because the protection provided is only temporary and likely not as 'robust' as the immunity induced by vaccines, they are most useful for people in whom vaccination is not effective, such as those receiving cancer therapy or organ transplants. (abc.net.au)
This will have use with specific groups in which the vaccines either can't be used or haven't been successful in promoting an immune response. (abc.net.au)
Under the assumption of various primary and catch-up VCR scenarios, all 4 vaccination strategies reduced the incidence of cervical cancer in females and noncervical cancers in both sexes, and the 4-valent and 9-valent vaccines reduced the incidence of genital warts and RRP in both sexes. (bvsalud.org)
During the same period, the team will conduct a quantitative study of state and county-level policies that concern the immunizations in the Center for Disease Control's (CDC) vaccination schedule (e.g., the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, influenza vaccines, etc. (annenbergpublicpolicycenter.org)
The research team also will track social media user posts and content regarding vaccines and immunization policies to gauge attitudes and norms about vaccine mandates and access to vaccination sites. (annenbergpublicpolicycenter.org)
These efforts will allow us to determine the types of communications and policies that are most effective for different regions of the country and different vaccines. (annenbergpublicpolicycenter.org)
The production of 'safe and effective' vaccines was a key public health target. (gospanews.net)
Immune responses from vaccines are often lessened in older adults because the immune system gradually deteriorates with age, which also leaves older adults more susceptible to infections," said study lead author, Professor Andrew Pollard from the University of Oxford. (euronews.com)
Building a tailor-made health strategy for each farm, considering not only the risk assessment to prevent the main diseases that affect the herd but also the ability of vaccines to impact the immune system, is the best way to protect the animals and, in turn, their productivity. (pigprogress.net)
Our understanding of the neoplasia-immune interaction in LS has contributed to the development of immune mediated therapies including cancer preventing vaccines and immunotherapy for cancer precursors. (aacrjournals.org)
Overview of Immunization Immunity can be achieved Actively by using antigens (eg, vaccines, toxoids) Passively by using antibodies (eg, immune globulins, antitoxins) A toxoid is a bacterial toxin that has been modified. (msdmanuals.com)
Newborns, pregnant women, or people with weak immune systems aren't able to get certain vaccines. (medlineplus.gov)
MMR is one of the most effective vaccines available. (medlineplus.gov)
My advice is that if you look at the science, as opposed to rumors or misinformation, it shows that the vaccines that are used now are very safe and highly effective, particularly the MMR vaccine. (medlineplus.gov)

Here we confirmed that BNT162b2 vaccination of healthy individuals induced effective humoral and cellular immunity against several SARS-CoV-2 variants. (ssrn.com)
In 1796, Edward Jenner used cowpox vaccinations to induce immunity to smallpox. (oncolink.org)
Studies to antigen uptake, processing and presentation to T cells, the biology of dendritic cells and the regulation of immunity are aimed to raise our understanding of the immune reactions to tumor cells and improve immunotherapy of cancer. (universiteitleiden.nl)
Both natural and vaccine-induced immunity occur only after the immune system has "seen" the virus and generates neutralizing antibodies. (sciencedaily.com)
Vaccine promoters typically stress the importance of compliance with the federally recommended vaccine schedule in order to create and maintain vaccine-induced " herd immunity . (wakeup-world.com)
In view of this, characterising vaccine-induced immune responses is crucial for understanding their protective immunity and formulating optimal immunisation regimes. (medrxiv.org)
As of today, only one vaccine designed to induce potent mucosal immunity is in clinical development. (frontiersin.org)
Due to its ability to induce mucosal immunity it is expected that this approach will contribute to improved control of pertussis. (frontiersin.org)
The findings provided the proof-of-concept that vaccine-induced robust mucosal immunity is necessary for preventing SARS-CoV-2 nasal infection, which has significant implication for ending the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. (hku.hk)
To be as effective and protective as we need and expect, there are two critical attributes to consider: the Onset of Immunity (OOI) and Duration of Immunity (DOI) . (pigprogress.net)
To answer that question, we need to talk about the DOI , which is the moment in time at which vaccine-induced immunity begins to decline and provides less protection for a fully vaccinated animal. (pigprogress.net)
Postexposure vaccination with the single-antigen varicella vaccine is recommended for children with no evidence of immunity and should be offered to adults with no evidence of immunity. (msdmanuals.com)

Vaccination is required to generate high potency immune responses to protect against these and other emergent variants. (nature.com)
Spike-specific cellular immune responses were detectable in only 63% and correlated with humoral response. (elifesciences.org)
Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection substantially increased antibody responses after one vaccine and antibody and cellular responses remained 28-fold and 3-fold higher, respectively, after dual vaccination. (elifesciences.org)
We undertook an analysis of serological and cellular immune responses to spike protein in 100 independently living people aged between 80 and 96 years who received BNT162b2 vaccine with a 3-week interval between the first and second doses. (elifesciences.org)
The response of innate immune cells to TLR4 and TLR7/8 ligands was lower after BNT162b2 vaccination, while fungi-induced cytokine responses were stronger. (ssrn.com)
However, extremely strong immune responses have been generated using a "boost" to the immune system, provided by viruses that encode antigens similar to the target. (oncolink.org)
Therapeutic vaccination is a promising modality for inducing antigen-specific immune responses against cellular targets. (harvard.edu)
Coupled with adjuvants such as poly(I:C), a potent agonist of the pattern-recognition receptors TLR3 and MDA5, SLPs may be administered cutaneously to induce T cell responses in the context of cancer, autoimmunity, and infectious diseases. (harvard.edu)
This study suggests that an effective BU vaccine must induce localized, tissue-specific immune profiles with controlled inflammatory responses at the site of infection. (nih.gov)
Ichinohe T, Lee HK, Ogura Y, Flavell R, Iwasaki A. Inflammasome recognition of influenza virus is essential for adaptive immune responses. (smw.ch)
Immune responses to influenza virus infection. (smw.ch)
We hope that such a strategy will enable the development of a safe vaccine with the ability to stimulate specific, protective cell-mediated immune responses. (europa.eu)
The project focussed on the development and testing of recombinant virus vectors to deliver T. gondii antigens in vivo to stimulate specific protective immune responses. (europa.eu)
Immunisation of mice with the recombinant viruses did result in induction of specific antibody responses showing that the approach had some efficacy and would be worth pursuing with the long term aim of producing a safe and effective vaccine against T. gondii tissue cysts in food animals. (europa.eu)
These networks range from those involving gene regulatory and protein-protein interactions underlying intracellular signalling pathways, and single-cell responses, to increasingly complex networks of in vivo cellular interaction, positioning, and migration that determine the overall immune response of an organism ( Subramanian 2015 ). (biorxiv.org)
Previous studies in the lab have shown that autologous dendritic cells pulsed with allogenic tumor cell lysate was able to induce peripheral T cell activation and tumor-reactive T cell responses in patients with mesothelioma and pancreatic cancer. (erasmusmc.nl)
While this approach led to a broad repertoire of individually weak T cell responses against multiple TAAs that cumulatively resulted in strong selective pressure against immune escape, the need to inject the vectors into normal tissues often results in toxicity, they admit. (genengnews.com)
In contrast, intraprostatic ASEL injection resulted in the animals developing prostatitis, which was probably induced by the observed T helper type 17 (T H 17) and IFN-γ responses against prostate antigens, the authors note. (genengnews.com)
These data demonstrated that ME49Δ cdpk3 inoculation induced effective cellular and humoral immune responses against acute and chronic Toxoplasma infections with various strains and was a potential candidate to develop a vaccine against toxoplasmosis. (nature.com)
Background Post-translational modification of proteins has the potential to alter the ability of T cells to recognize major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class -I and class-II restricted antigens, thereby resulting in altered immune responses. (bmj.com)
Homocitrullination occurs in the tumor microenvironment and CD4-mediated immune responses to Hcit epitopes can target stressed tumor cells and provide a potent antitumor response in mouse models. (bmj.com)
Yet, compared to systemic responses, mucosal immune responses have attracted relatively little attention in the context of pertussis vaccine development. (frontiersin.org)
In contrast to vaccination, natural infection in humans and experimental infections in animals induce strong secretory IgA responses in the naso-pharynx and in the lungs. (frontiersin.org)
Scholars@Duke publication: Mucosal Immunization with Newcastle Disease Virus Vector Coexpressing HIV-1 Env and Gag Proteins Elicits Potent Serum, Mucosal, and Cellular Immune Responses That Protect against Vaccinia Virus Env and Gag Challenges. (duke.edu)
UNLABELLED: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) avirulent strain LaSota was used to coexpress gp160 Env and p55 Gag from a single vector to enhance both Env-specific and Gag-specific immune responses. (duke.edu)
Immunization of guinea pigs by the intranasal route with these rNDVs produced long-lasting Env- and Gag-specific humoral immune responses. (duke.edu)
The Env-specific humoral and mucosal immune responses and Gag-specific humoral immune responses were higher in rNDV-Gag/Env and rNDV-Env/Gag than in the other recombinants. (duke.edu)
rNDV-Gag/Env and rNDV-Env/Gag were also more efficient in inducing cellular as well as protective immune responses to challenge with vaccinia viruses expressing HIV-1 Env and Gag in mice. (duke.edu)
IMPORTANCE: A safe and effective vaccine that can induce both systemic and mucosal immune responses is needed to control HIV-1. (duke.edu)
Immunization of guinea pigs with recombinant NDVs (rNDVs) elicited potent long-lasting systemic and mucosal immune responses to HIV. (duke.edu)
Findings will help veterinarians participating in dog vaccination campaigns to better understand dogs' immunological responses to rabies and, ultimately, to adapt the vaccination program for a higher and longer seropositivity rate of dogs. (biomedcentral.com)
The phase 2 trial, which involved 560 adults including 240 over the age of 70, found that the vaccine causes few side effects and induces immune responses in both parts of the immune system in all age groups. (euronews.com)

We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the effect vaccination with the live-attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-Zaire Ebola virus vaccine had on deaths among patients who had laboratory-confirmed Ebola virus disease (EVD). (cdc.gov)
The study demonstrated that a combination of intramuscular PD1-based receptor-binding domain (RBD) DNA vaccine (PD1-RBD-DNA) prime and intranasal live attenuated influenza-based vaccine (LAIV-HK68-RBD) boost vaccination regimen induced the strongest mucosal broadly neutralising antibodies and lung resident memory CD8 T cells, which prevented live SARS-CoV-2 nasal challenges in two animal models. (hku.hk)

B.1.617.2 (Delta) was first isolated in India and also shows some evidence of immune escape, specifically from neutralizing antibodies, but to a lesser degree than B.1.351 7 . (nature.com)
High titers of ER-specific IgG serum antibodies together with IL-2 and IL-4 in the draining lymph node (DLN) were associated with protection induced by the ER vaccine. (nih.gov)
This failure, they suggested, may have been due to neutralization of the IEEL virus by neutralizing antibodies raised against VSV as a result of the initial ASEL vaccination. (genengnews.com)
Both natural infection and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induce spike protein specific antibodies with neutralising activity [ 8 , 14 ]. (medrxiv.org)
When people are immune compromised (e.g., taking chemotherapy for cancer), the antibodies they produce may not be able to keep the virus in check because the immune system is too impaired. (theepochtimes.com)
Just as in the case of antibiotic resistance, new strains evolve within an infected immune-compromised person's body that produce a version of the spike protein that no longer binds with the acquired antibodies. (theepochtimes.com)
In this HKUMed study, substantially higher systemic and mucosal antibodies IgA/IgG and lung resident polyfunctional memory CD8 T cells were induced mainly by the heterologous combination regimen as compared with current COVID-19 vaccination regimens. (hku.hk)
The new regimen-induced antibodies also cross-neutralised many pandemic variants of concerns tested including Alpha, Beta and Delta. (hku.hk)
This is an example of immuno-prophylaxis, so we are giving people antibodies or immune proteins specific to the SARS-COV-2 virus that allow them to be immunologically protected from the virus for a period of time,' Dr Britton said. (abc.net.au)
The characteristics of this response would include production of neutralizing antibodies, generation of a T-cell response, and avoidance of immune-enhanced disease4. (who.int)
In some cases (direct antiglobulin test negativity, IgM warm antibodies, cold antibodies with low titers, or Donath-Landsteiner antibodies), diagnosis may be difficult, and the expertise of an immune-hematologic laboratory is required. (medscape.com)

The FDA has also stressed that antibody drugs are not a substitute for vaccination, which it says is the most effective, long-lasting form of virus protection. (abc.net.au)
In this paper, the FAVN technique was used to test rabies antibody dynamics in dogs from three distinct Tunisian areas observed for one year following a mass vaccination campaign. (biomedcentral.com)
An antibody titre of 0.5 IU/ml is considered an effective immune response [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of rabies antibody titres in dogs from the field vaccinated against rabies during mass vaccination campaigns in three diverse areas in Tunisia over one year. (biomedcentral.com)
Results showed within 14 days of the first dose of vaccination it provoked a T cell response - it could find and attack cells infected with the virus - and caused an antibody response within 28 days of the booster jab. (euronews.com)
The OOI determines how long the immune system can reach protective antibody levels after vaccination. (pigprogress.net)
After HBV vaccination, specific antibody is were considered as seroprotective. (who.int)
Fisher exact tests were used to compare in haemodialysis patients infected with the antibody levels by age, sex, duration hepatitis C virus (HCV) and some authors of haemodialysis and concurrent HCV could not find the effective conversion rate infection. (who.int)

Age is the major risk factor for mortality after SARS-CoV-2 infection and older people have received priority consideration for COVID-19 vaccination. (elifesciences.org)
Post-vaccine sera mediated strong neutralization of live Victoria infection and although neutralization titers were reduced 14-fold against the P.1 variant first discovered in Brazil they remained largely effective. (elifesciences.org)
The neglected tropical disease Buruli ulcer (BU) is an infection of subcutaneous tissue with Mycobacterium ulcerans There is no effective vaccine. (nih.gov)
Thus, the development of an effective toxoplasmosis vaccine is critical for limiting the infection of various Toxoplasma strains. (nature.com)
Scientists have speculated that BCG vaccine may boost the innate immune system not just against TB but also against a variety of other pathogens from invading the body or from establishing an infection. (riazhaq.com)
The subsequent immune reaction protects the body from an actual virus infection. (tugraz.at)
The images could help scientists design a more effective vaccine against rotavirus, a lethal infection that kills more than 500,000 children worldwide each year. (sciencedaily.com)
Given the high infection rate of B. pertussis , effective control of the disease likely requires prevention of infection and transmission in addition to protection against disease. (frontiersin.org)
Researchers at the Department of Microbiology and State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, LKS Faculty of Medicine of The University of Hong Kong (HKUMed) have conducted a comprehensive study for identifying an effective vaccine regimen in preventing SARS-CoV-2 nasal infection. (hku.hk)
When two vaccinated mouse models were challenged at the memory phase, 35 days after the second vaccination, prevention of robust SARS-CoV-2 infection in nasal turbinate was achieved primarily by the heterologous combination regimen besides consistent protection in lungs. (hku.hk)
Hepatitis B vaccination is the most effective measure to pre- vent HBV infection and its consequences. (cdc.gov)
The high prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in China suggests there would be a substantial positive health impact of widespread vaccination against HPV. (bvsalud.org)
We adapted a previously described dynamic transmission model of the natural history of HPV infection and related diseases to the Chinese setting to estimate the public health impact in China of 2-valent (with and without cross-protection), 4-valent, and 9-valent HPV vaccination strategies. (bvsalud.org)
Once we have shown an effective vaccine, we must ensure the community at risk for HIV infection will get vaccinated. (annenbergpublicpolicycenter.org)
The state of being immune, protected against an infectious disease conferred either by an immune response generated by immunisation or previous infection. (pigprogress.net)
All individuals with HCV infection responded to vaccination. (who.int)

Arnon is researching a universal, recombinant influenza vaccination, as well as a cancer vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
In certain circumstances in which a single vaccine type is being used (e.g., in preparation for a community influenza vaccination campaign), filling a small number (10 or fewer) of syringes may be considered (5). (cdc.gov)
For example, we know from research that even initially reluctant adults are likely to receive an influenza vaccination when the healthcare provider's opinion of the vaccine is positive. (cdc.gov)
So this is going to be a brief overview of some issues related to influenza vaccination of older adults for the season. (cdc.gov)
For the upcoming 23-24 flu season, influenza vaccination of all people aged six months and older who do not have contraindications continues to be recommended. (cdc.gov)

A 2009 paper discusses the use of virus-like particles (VLP) to induce an immune response. (wikipedia.org)
They have tested the various synthetic vaccinations on mice and observed a significant immune response. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, they have put human lymphocytes in mice and also observed an immune response. (wikipedia.org)
We determined the serological and cellular response to spike protein in 100 people aged 80-96 years at 2 weeks after the second vaccination with the Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. (elifesciences.org)
Active immunotherapy against cancer is less effective, mainly because cancer cells have developed strategies to escape the normal immune response. (oncolink.org)
The vaccine formulations targeting these antigens have caused a relatively weak immune response. (oncolink.org)
Recently, cells called antigen presenting cells (APCs) were discovered to play a pivotal role in the immune response. (oncolink.org)
Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is another chemical that stimulated the maturation of dendritic cells and which could be used to augment the immune response. (oncolink.org)
As noted above, a more vigorous dendritic cell presentation of antigens could trigger the immune response by T-cells. (oncolink.org)
Co-stimulatory molecules are presenting along with the antigen by APCs to induce an aggressive response by the T-cells. (oncolink.org)
However, many aspects of the acute cellular response to peptide vaccination remain uninterrogated. (harvard.edu)
To characterize the acute cellular response to SLP vaccination in vivo, a mouse model of cutaneous vaccination using C57BL/6J mice and the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) was employed. (harvard.edu)
Furthermore, kinetics of the vaccine response by various immune cell subsets was determined by comparing samples at different timepoints after vaccination. (harvard.edu)
Finally, the potency of poly(I:C) as a primary vaccine adjuvant was validated, with additional evidence generated to support that additional adjuvants added to the vaccine formulation may augment the immune response. (harvard.edu)
The use of vaccinomics could also help to discover appropriate vaccine candidate to induce the effective immune response. (scialert.net)
Multivariate statistical approaches were used to interrogate the immune response data to develop disease-prognostic models. (nih.gov)
The vaccine-induced immune response is influenced by: (i.) vaccine factors i.e., type and composition of the antigen(s), (ii. (smw.ch)
Therapeutic vaccination has the major advantage that the induced immune response selectively attacks tumors while leaving the healthy cells untouched. (universiteitleiden.nl)
Many SARS-CoV-2 proteins can induce an immune response, amongst them: M (membrane), E (envelope), N (nucleocapsid), and S (spike)[ 5 ]. (medrxiv.org)
A qualitative mathematical model of the notion of immunocompetence is developed, based on the formalism of Memory Evolutive Systems (MES), from which, immunocompetence is defined as an emergent structure of a higher order arising from the signal networks that are established between effector cells and molecules of the immune response in the presence of a given antigen. (biorxiv.org)
Finally, and as a result of defining the underlying immune pattern as a small random graph, it is possible to estimate the probability that an individual is immunocompetent to a given antigen, using information from the immune cell networks involved in the response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with severe COVID-19 and healthy patients. (biorxiv.org)
Current research focuses on how to initiate an effective immune response in the tumor as well as the tumor-draining lymph node using dendritic cell vaccination. (erasmusmc.nl)
Researchers claim systemic vaccination with broad antigenic repertoire from normal prostate stimulates anticancer immune response but not autoimmunity. (genengnews.com)
Moreover, any tumor cells that do manage to evade the initial antitumor immune response are mopped up after a second-line virus-based immunotherapy comprising a different set of antigens. (genengnews.com)
Our results showed that ME49Δ cdpk3 vaccination triggered a strong immune response marked by significantly elevated proinflammatory cytokine levels, such as IFN-γ, IL-12, and TNF-α, and increased the percentage of CD4 + and CD8 + T-lymphocytes. (nature.com)
Regarding the future of an HIV vaccine, Frank said: "After years of study, we finally understand the type of vaccine-induced immune response that will be protective and are now testing several HIV vaccine concepts that, we hope, will stimulate this response. (annenbergpublicpolicycenter.org)
Evaluation of the immune response is still important to make sure that the vaccination is effective in the conditions of the Tunisian field. (biomedcentral.com)
Although a single rabies vaccine is successful at stimulating an immunological response, it is recommended that primary-vaccinated dogs have a second booster between one and three months after the initial vaccination to maintain seropositivity. (biomedcentral.com)
Phase 2 trials of Oxford University's COVID-19 vaccine in healthy older adults have found it is safe and provokes an immune response. (euronews.com)
Once this putative vaccine target was identified, the next challenge was how to best generate an effective immune response to SARS-CoV-2. (who.int)
This task is challenging due to the complex pleiotropic nature of hyperthermia, its many molecular and physiological effects include inducing heat shock response, reduced DNA repair, tumor growth, induced immune response, changes in vasculature and blood flow and induction of hypoxia. (hyperboost.eu)
Both OOI and DOI are specific to each vaccine since they are related to its antigenic power and ability to generate and maintain an immune response over a certain period. (pigprogress.net)
Duration of haemodialysis had no effect on response to vaccination. (who.int)
They can alert your immune system to develop a response that can fight off these three diseases. (medlineplus.gov)
If it proves to be safe, they then can move it into a larger Phase 2 clinical trial, which tests safety in more people and determines whether the candidate vaccine induces an immune response that likely will protect people from the virus, and helps us learn what the proper vaccine dosage is. (medlineplus.gov)
Evaluation of immune response to single dose of quadrivalent HPV vaccine at 10-year post-vaccination. (who.int)

Experimental research, however, clearly shows that aluminum adjuvants have a potential to induce serious immunological disorders in humans. (educate-yourself.org)

They first tried a second vaccination comprising virally expressed immune-escape epitope libraries (IEELs) constructed using cDNA from the recurrent tumors of ASEL-treated mice. (genengnews.com)

The current research aims to better understand the vaccination mechanisms and develop ways to influence the suppressive environment in tumors to allow effective immunotherapy. (universiteitleiden.nl)
The Mayo Clinic's Richard Vile, M.D., and colleagues, describe their findings in a paper titled "Broad antigenic coverage induced by vaccination with virus-based cDNA libraries cures established tumors. (genengnews.com)
Effective cancer immuno- and virotherapies are hindered by a lack of identified tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), poor coverage of the antigenic repertoire expressed by tumors, and difficulties associated with targeting vectors to tumors in vivo , explains Dr. Vile, together with co-lead author Alan Melcher, at the U.K. Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research U.K. Clinical Center, and colleagues. (genengnews.com)
Therefore, the major types of tumors induced by SV40 in laboratory animals are the same as those human malignancies found to contain SV40 markers. (educate-yourself.org)
SV40 is a potent DNA tumor virus that induces tumors in rodents and transforms many types of cells in culture, including those of human origin. (educate-yourself.org)

SummaryThe mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccine from Pfizer/BioNTech was the first registered COVID-19 vaccine and has been shown to be up to 95% effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections. (ssrn.com)
Evidence from animal models shows that T cells can provide heterosubtypic protection and are crucial for immune control of influenza virus infections. (mdpi.com)
Routine vaccination has fundamentally altered the natural history of many frequently observed and serious infections. (smw.ch)
For the diagnosis of secondary AIHA, a careful history, including information on the onset (acute or insidious), history of infections, information on recent transfusions, exposure to drugs or vaccination, signs of immune disease (arthritis), and general clinical condition, is helpful. (medscape.com)
Impact of HPV vaccination on HPV-related oral infections. (who.int)

Approaches such as higher antigen dose, adjuvant formulation, and usage of the live inactivated vaccination are being assessed to overcome these effects and improve vaccine efficacy. (elifesciences.org)
Efficacy of each vaccination strategy is required to be meticulously evaluated. (scialert.net)
The Tovaxin Phase IIb clinical study will include 150 patients in a multicenter, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial designed primarily to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of the Tovaxin T-cell vaccination with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS) patients. (pipelinereview.com)
In addition, we have identified T cell characteristics that underlie clinical efficacy of immune check inhibitors or chemotherapeutic agents in mesothelioma. (erasmusmc.nl)
Objective SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations have demonstrated vaccine immunogenicity in healthy volunteers, however, efficacy in immunosuppressed patients is less well characterised. (medrxiv.org)
These results suggest that vaccination with a single rNDV coexpressing Env and Gag represents a promising strategy to enhance immunogenicity and protective efficacy against HIV. (duke.edu)

Riedel S. Edward Jenner and the history of smallpox and vaccination. (smw.ch)

These particles cannot replicate, but possess the specific antigen-presenting proteins that immune cells use to identify viruses. (wikipedia.org)
One insight is the identification of tumor antigens (small proteins recognized as "foreign" by the immune system) that stimulate the T-cells of the immune system. (oncolink.org)
These results suggest that the use of a single NDV expressing Env and Gag proteins simultaneously is a novel strategy to develop a safe and effective vaccine against HIV. (duke.edu)

Vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT) is a new syndrome associated with the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 adenoviral vector vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. (nih.gov)
The test cases could pave the way for as many as 80 damages claims worth an estimated £80 million over a new condition known as Vaccine-induced Immune Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis (VITT) that was identified by specialists in the wake of the AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccine rollout. (telegraph.co.uk)
In March 2021, fol owing reports of rare blood coagulation disorders in a few individuals who had received the AZ vaccine in Europe, the WHO's Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety (GACVS) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) reviewed al available information and data on thromboembolic events (blood clots) and thrombocytopenia (low platelets) after vaccination. (who.int)
ABSTRACT Immune thrombocytopenia is a benign and self-limiting disorder. (who.int)
This paper reviews the research about immune thrombocytopenia, comparing low- and high-income countries. (who.int)

In the UK, the joint committee on immunisation and vaccination - which advises the government - said on April 7 that adults under 30 should be offered an alternative to the AstraZeneca jab. (telegraph.co.uk)

In addition, a possible mechanism of functorial nature is proposed, which may explain how immunocompetence is achieved in an organism endowed with innate and adaptive components of its immune system. (biorxiv.org)
Hyperthermia is an effective immunomodulator, contributing to activation of the innate and adaptive immune systems, effectively resulting in in situ tumor vaccination. (hyperboost.eu)

Overall primary concerns are: extrapolating human clinical studies, seeding durable effective T cell resident memory (Trm), population human leucocyte antigen (HLA) coverage, and the potential for T cell-mediated immune escape. (mdpi.com)
In particular, MHC-restricted target epitopes formulated into synthetic long peptides (SLPs) are an effective format for delivering vaccine antigens to antigen-presenting cells (APCs). (harvard.edu)
In the present paper, we construct a notion of immunocompetence as a hyperstructure emerging from the cooperation of the components of a pattern, in this case, the effector immune cells, which are devoted, in principle, to carry out a particular task e.g., to recognize and neutralize a particular antigen. (biorxiv.org)
Haemodialysis patients who were and are unable to eliminate the virus positive for hepatitis B virus surface antigen because of their impaired immune systems. (who.int)

This approach is based on the view that immune stimulation is primarily mediated by APCs rather than the tumor cells themselves. (oncolink.org)

At multiple timepoints over 72 hours after vaccination, tissue samples were extracted and a tissue digestion protocol was developed to enable the preparation of single-cell suspensions for further analysis. (harvard.edu)

The sheer size and subsequent socioeconomic effect of this outbreak sparked an unprecedented effort to develop and study new treatment and prevention strategies for EVD, including randomized clinical trials of Ebola virus vaccinations ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
Abstract Background Two-Drug Regimens (2DR) have proven effective in clinical trials but real-world data, especially in resource-limited settings, is limited. (scielo.br)
and commercialization of cell therapies, today announced positive top-line data in an open-label Phase I/II extension clinical trial of the investigational T-cell vaccine, Tovaxin™, for multiple sclerosis (MS). In this one-year, 8-subject extension clinical trial of relapsing remitting (RRMS) and secondary progressive (SPMS) subjects, Tovaxin therapy was shown to be safe and effective. (pipelinereview.com)
Both Phase I/II clinical studies have demonstrated that T-cell vaccination depletes myelin reactive T-cells in peripheral blood. (pipelinereview.com)
We have shown that myelin reactive T-cells can be identified and used to produce T-cell vaccine which effectively induces the depletion of an individual's autoreactive T-cells and results in positive clinical outcomes. (pipelinereview.com)
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-induced Cutaneous Toxicities This study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics and overall incidence of cutaneous immune-related adverse events among cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. (medscape.com)
Data from the clinical trials on the AstraZeneca (AZ) vaccine among 24,244 participants showed that the majority of adverse reactions reported after administration were mild to moderate in severity and usual y resolved within a few days of vaccination. (who.int)

The exclusion of a drug-induced hemolytic anemia is particularly important, because stopping the drug is the most effective therapeutic measure in this situation. (medscape.com)

Interestingly, however, the BNT162b2 vaccine also modulated the production of inflammatory cytokines by innate immune cells upon stimulation with both specific (SARS-CoV-2) and non-specific (viral, fungal and bacterial) stimuli. (ssrn.com)

Since they do not contain live viruses, there is no risk of illness following vaccination. (businesswire.com)
The C-nucleoside based drug Remdesivir has these necessary antiviral properties and is effective against a number of RNA viruses, including corona and ebola viruses. (tugraz.at)

These analyses revealed that multiple cell subsets located at both the cutaneous vaccine site and the skin-draining lymph node are acutely activated by SLP vaccination. (harvard.edu)

The VCR for primary vaccination was the major driver of cases averted. (bvsalud.org)

Nevertheless, building on the positive aspects of this approach, the researchers postulated that it may be possible to provide a broad antigenic repertoire for in vivo immune selection of relevant tumor-associated antigens by expressing a cDNA library of a normal tissue using a systemically delivered, immunogenic vector. (genengnews.com)

Vaccination effectiveness is also reliant on vaccine potency, which is crucial considering Tunisia's average annual temperature of 23 °C [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Reporting in Nature Medicine , the team in the U.S. and U.K. that developed the approach says the vaccine can be delivered systemically without the need for tumor targeting, appears to have no side effects, and doesn't induce autoimmunity. (genengnews.com)

The bivalent booster is authorized for administration at least 2 months following completion of primary or booster vaccination in children down to 6 years of age for the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine and down to 5 years of age for the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. (cdc.gov)
Pertussis vaccination: acellular pertussis vaccine for reinforcing and booster use-supplementary ACIP statement. (cdc.gov)
To achieve the rabies eradication objective, all dogs should receive an annual booster to maintain effective immunological protection. (biomedcentral.com)
The induction of early protection is vital to prevent the spread of disease among susceptible animals, and the DOI helps us determine how long the herd will be protected, and whether a booster vaccination is needed. (pigprogress.net)

The ability of the host's innate immune system to interact with CSFV replication has been studied in vitro by several groups (Bensaude et al. (usda.gov)

Ossendorp, F. & Cruz, L.J. (2023), Effective combination of liposome-targeted chemotherapy and PD-L1 blockade of murine colon cancer, Journal of Controlled Release 353: 490-506. (universiteitleiden.nl)

The observation that the immune system can also attack malignant cells has been known for many years but the cellular and molecular mechanisms have become clear in the last decades. (universiteitleiden.nl)
Figure 1 summarises the molecular and physiological mechanisms of hyperthermia-induced radiosensitisation. (hyperboost.eu)

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations do not require gloves to be worn when administering vaccinations, unless persons administering vaccinations have open lesions on their hands or are likely to come into contact with a patient's body fluids ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)

To explore potential correlates of protection, a suite of 29 immune parameters were assessed in the mice at the end of the experimental period. (nih.gov)

Following FDA's regulatory action, CDC updated its COVID-19 vaccination guidance on September 1, 2022, for use of updated COVID-19 boosters from Pfizer-BioNTech for people ages 12 years and older and from Moderna for people ages 18 years and older to better protect against the most recently circulating COVID-19 variant. (cdc.gov)
Nigéria, en décembre 2022 et publie depuis lors des rapports mensuels. (who.int)

Systems biology of vaccination for seasonal influenza in humans. (smw.ch)
Vaccination of food animals to prevent/reduce Toxoplasma tissue cyst formation would be highly effective in reducing the disease burden in humans. (europa.eu)
However, the development of an effective toxoplasmosis vaccine in humans remains a challenge to date. (nature.com)

The safety profile revealed only injection site mild reactions and no severe adverse reactions related to T-cell vaccination. (pipelinereview.com)

In late 2019, identification of a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was described as the causative pathogen of a pneumonia outbreak, known as coronavirus-induced-disease-19 (COVID-19) [ 1 ]. (medrxiv.org)

Three intravenous ASEL injections typically induced initial tumor regression, but with subsequent aggressive tumor recurrence. (genengnews.com)

Therefore, a vaccine could introduce VLPs to an individual's immune system and bring about the production of memory cells. (wikipedia.org)

On the basis of these findings, WHO and EMA have recommended that vaccinations with the AZ vaccine should continue. (who.int)

Effective immunotherapy for chronic diseases and cancer, however, will require the optimization of many aspects of the immune system. (oncolink.org)

All the patients had received the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine and presented 5 to 48 days (median, 14) after vaccination. (nih.gov)
HPV vaccination was incorporated into the national immunization program as a two-dose schedule, with a 6-12-month interval, to nine-year-old girls via routine immunization (RI) services at health facilities, schools and community outreach services throughout the year. (cdc.gov)

This study reiterates the importance of vaccination and proves the long-term benefits of the measles vaccine in low- and middle-income countries, which account for a large proportion of global measles cases. (medicalresearch.com)
In 2000, measles had all but stopped spreading in the U.S. That's because vaccination rates were high enough to keep people from getting the disease. (medlineplus.gov)

Last week the World Health Organization recommended that rotavirus vaccination be included in all national immunization programs worldwide. (sciencedaily.com)
For more information, see Varicella Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Vaccine Recommendations and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Varicella Vaccination . (msdmanuals.com)

Reduction in deaths was not affected by timing of vaccination before or after EVD exposure. (cdc.gov)
Persons administering vaccinations should follow appropriate precautions to minimize risk for disease exposure and spread. (cdc.gov)

The immune checkpoint inhibitors brought a breakthrough solution for advanced melanoma patients, but only a low percentage of those respond to this therapy, developing resistance and being affected by severe side effects. (medicalresearch.com)

Anatomy24

Organisms27

Diseases36

Chemicals and Drugs92

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes31

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Named Groups2

Health Care20

Geographicals1

Vaccines45

Immunity12

Responses32

Live-attenuated2

Antibodies11

Antibody8

Infection16

Influenza vaccination5

Response36

Potential to induce1

Second vaccination1

Tumors5

Infections5

Efficacy6

Edward Jenner1

Proteins3

Thrombocytopenia5

Immunisation1

Adaptive2

Antigen4

Tumor cells1

Hours after vaccination1

Clinical7

Drug-induced1

BNT162b21

Viruses2

Lymph node1

Primary vaccination1

Antigens1

Potency1

Autoimmunity1

Booster4

Innate1

20231

Mechanisms2

Lesions1

Mice1

20222

Humans3

Adverse1

Pathogen1

Subsequent1

Individual's1

Findings1

Immunotherapy1

Dose2

Measles2

Immunization2

Exposure2

Checkpoint inhibitors1