• The high stability and reliability of mainframes enable these machines to run uninterrupted for very long periods of time, with mean time between failures (MTBF) measured in decades. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most large-scale computer-system architectures were established in the 1960s, but they continue to evolve. (wikipedia.org)
  • How did horse screen mainframes evolve? (replacementlevel.com)
  • By the 1980s, many mainframes supported general purpose graphic display terminals, and terminal emulation, but not graphical user interfaces. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hardware Historically, computer hardware has been divided into 3 broad classes: large mainframe computers, somewhat smaller minicomputers and the personal computers (PCs) or microcomputers that have become familiar office and home fixtures since the mid-1980s. (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)
  • Users' groups began to proliferate with the microcomputer revolution of the late 1970s and early 1980s as hobbyists united to help each other with programming and configuration and use of hardware and software . (wikipedia.org)
  • Throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, many of the early concepts for windows, menus, icons, and mice were arduously researched at Xerox Corp.'s Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) , Palo Alto, Calif. In 1973, PARC developed the prototype Alto , the first of two computers that would prove seminal in this area. (ieee.org)
  • The Mac's success during the 1980s spurred Apple Computer to pursue legal action over ownership of many features of the graphical user interface. (ieee.org)
  • A mainframe computer is large but not as large as a supercomputer and has more processing power than some other classes of computers, such as minicomputers, servers, workstations, and personal computers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Networked personal computers used by individuals co-operate with centrally located servers, which are usually larger computers, blurring the line between mainframes and minicomputers and, to a lesser extent, that between minicomputers and personal computers. (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)
  • Before AutoCAD was introduced, most commercial CAD programs ran on mainframe computers or minicomputers, with each CAD operator (user) working at a separate graphics terminal. (onetonline.org)
  • This form of end-user computing became obsolete in the 1990s due to the advent of personal computers provided with GUIs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) introduced icons, windows, and pointing devices, making interactions more intuitive for users. (replacementlevel.com)
  • We already had all schools in Minnesota running teletypewriters hooked to a huge UNIVAC [mainframe]. (smithsonianmag.com)
  • As soon as Rawitsch uploaded it to the UNIVAC mainframe it became a hit. (smithsonianmag.com)
  • The revised The Oregon Trail landed on Minnesota's UNIVAC system in 1975, right about the time companies were preparing the earliest (relatively) small and affordable personal computers. (smithsonianmag.com)
  • You see, the lady in question was a Univac 1107 Thin- Film Memory Computer - always a lady to me, never just a machine. (libertyunbound.com)
  • Unisys manufactures ClearPath Libra mainframes, based on earlier Burroughs products and ClearPath Dorado mainframes based on Sperry Univac OS 1100 product lines. (mainframes.com)
  • The shift to time-shared computing in the 70s allowed more users to interact with applications on the mainframes through dumb terminals. (berkeley.edu)
  • The actual computers are dumb terminals running off the base station. (antionline.com)
  • dumb terminals only emulate whats in the mainframe. (antionline.com)
  • In addition, mainframes are more secure than other computer types: the NIST vulnerabilities database, US-CERT, rates traditional mainframes such as IBM Z (previously called z Systems, System z and zSeries),[vague] Unisys Dorado and Unisys Libra as among the most secure with vulnerabilities in the low single digits as compared with thousands for Windows, UNIX, and Linux. (wikipedia.org)
  • The first UNIX users' group organized in 1978. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hello I am new to this so here is the best I can describe it, Here at work we have a Unix mainframe type computer system. (antionline.com)
  • Mainframe first followed by Unix based processors and Windows NT circa 1993 before moving on to Dell Precision mobile workstations. (design-engine.com)
  • As companies downsize their computing centers, more critical applications are moving from mainframe computers to networked microcomputers. (schneier.com)
  • For example, in 1994 Evans Research Corp included 5 Canadian companies - Sidus Systems, 3D Microcomputers, Seanix Technology, Empac, and STD Technology - in its list of the top 10 personal computer vendors in Canada, while the top 10 list by International Data Corp included only Sidus and Seanix. (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)
  • There are, however, a few significant Canadian personal computer manufacturers but Sidus Systems, 3D Microcomputers and Seanix Technology, like all personal computer manufacturers, acquire many of their parts from other manufacturers. (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)
  • A computer user group (also known as a computer club ) is a group of people who enjoy using microcomputers or personal computers and who meet regularly to discuss the use of computers, share knowledge and experience, hear from representatives of hardware manufacturers and software publishers, and hold other related activities. (wikipedia.org)
  • A horse screen mainframe refers to early computer monitors, often cathode-ray tube displays, that were used to interact with mainframe computers. (replacementlevel.com)
  • A mainframe computer, informally called a mainframe or big iron, is a computer used primarily by large organizations for critical applications like bulk data processing for tasks such as censuses, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and large-scale transaction processing. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the late 1950s, mainframes had only a rudimentary interactive interface (the console) and used sets of punched cards, paper tape, or magnetic tape to transfer data and programs. (wikipedia.org)
  • IBM claimed that its newer mainframes reduced data center energy costs for power and cooling, and reduced physical space requirements compared to server farms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mainframes are large, powerful computers designed to handle vast amounts of data and execute complex computations. (replacementlevel.com)
  • Mainframes demonstrated how to handle large-scale data processing and user demand, concepts that are now essential in the era of data-driven decision-making. (replacementlevel.com)
  • And whether or not the backups are labeled or even if they can be used to restore data in the event of a disk crash is usually the responsibility of the individual user. (schneier.com)
  • A BBS is basically a comput-er hooked up to a telephone line, giving callers access to electronic mail, games, computer programs, docu-ments, and other types of data. (equip.org)
  • They can accommodate thousands of users simulta-neously, book airline reservations, and offer many special data retrieval services. (equip.org)
  • In such mainframe installations, known as "closed shops," [a] programmers submitted the program decks, often followed by data cards to be read by the program, to a person working behind a counter in the computer room. (wikipedia.org)
  • First generation computers had no memory (no ability no store data that can be retrievable at a later time. (benjaminbarber.org)
  • A regular computer at that time would not be able to hand that many transactions and processes and would probably overheat because of the overload of information and data. (benjaminbarber.org)
  • Mainframe computers , colloquially referred to as "big iron" are computers used primarily by corporate and governmental organizations for critical applications, bulk data processing such as census, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning and transaction processing. (mainframes.com)
  • All types of computers have associated peripheral devices, such as printers, display monitors, external data-storage devices and modems used to transmit and receive data over telephone lines, cable or fiber optic lines. (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)
  • But, as users, we really should be pushing more towards embracing the apps that separate the app from the data and that let you point their "cloud" app at any particular place you store your "cloud" data. (techdirt.com)
  • After two dozens of years of writing computer programs (one dozen years working with C) and learning the common standardizations for crystallographic data I feel that Niklaus Wirth's idea is valid for external data representations too. (iucr.org)
  • The data are constantly being transmitted to a mainframe computer. (trcp.org)
  • One Love to change this is to prevent the large edge of Routers Users into a use of data, each of which can exchange involved much. (rockalittle.com)
  • Users of the NHANES III Multiply Imputed Data Set are advised to consult the detailed analytic guidelines in the documents provided in this release. (cdc.gov)
  • The results of surveys, analyses, and studies are made known through a number of data release mechanisms including publications, mainframe computer data files, CD-ROMs, and the Internet. (cdc.gov)
  • It contains one core data file and five imputed data files for interviewed persons (n=33,994) aged 2 months and older who participated in NHANES III and completed a computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI) at their home. (cdc.gov)
  • This tool provided access to data on the CDC mainframe for analyses by CDC epidemiologists. (cdc.gov)
  • As technology advanced, horse screen mainframes evolved to incorporate graphical interfaces. (replacementlevel.com)
  • Horse screen mainframes transitioned from text-based interfaces to graphical user interfaces, improving user-friendliness and accessibility. (replacementlevel.com)
  • But the development of today's graphical user interface was anything but simple. (ieee.org)
  • The grandfather of the graphical user interface was Sketchpad [see photograph]. (ieee.org)
  • This includes the use of graphical user interfaces, personal computers, networked applications with multi user interactions, distributed operations versus centralized services, and large scale mainframe applications. (archives.gov)
  • Modern mainframes can run multiple different instances of operating systems at the same time. (wikipedia.org)
  • Operating systems for computers became mainstream and they had been developed to easily control the overall activity of the computer. (benjaminbarber.org)
  • By using these operating systems, they were able to control the computer hardware efficiently with the software. (benjaminbarber.org)
  • Others seek to concentrate on some particular aspect of mainframe computing (such as the operating systems which run on a mainframe) and declare that a mainframe is that which runs or supports this computing aspect. (mainframes.com)
  • The term reliability, availability and serviceability (RAS) is a defining characteristic of mainframe computers. (wikipedia.org)
  • After 2000, modern mainframes partially or entirely phased out classic "green screen" and color display terminal access for end-users in favour of Web-style user interfaces. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mice, windows, icons, and menus: these are the ingredients of computer interfaces designed to be easy to grasp, simplicity itself to use, and straightforward to describe. (ieee.org)
  • They were built at a time when computers, in large part, were still seen primarily as tools for mathematical calculations, and computer engineers had no business talking about text editing or interactivity. (digitalhumanities.org)
  • In college I majored in math, primarily because computer science as a major was still about 4 years in the future. (mainframes.com)
  • Computer user groups may consist of members who primarily use a specific operating system , such as Linux . (wikipedia.org)
  • In conclusion, horse screen mainframes may not be a familiar term in today's technological conversations, but their significance in the history of computing cannot be understated. (replacementlevel.com)
  • A typical corporate or university computer installation would have a suite of rooms, with a large, access-restricted, air-conditioned room for the computer (similar to today's server room) and a smaller quieter adjacent room for submitting jobs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Networked computing implies that all computers (from large mainframes to desktop PCs to handheld PDAs) are networked together to allow communication with one another. (berkeley.edu)
  • Photoshop is an extensive the computers of handheld gaming because of their. (welschlauf.com)
  • The project overcomes decades of acrimony among water users, conservation interests and government by creating common ground and mutual benefit. (trcp.org)
  • Since CDC acquired its first mainframe computer in 1964, the use of information technology in public health practice has grown steadily and, during the past 2 decades, dramaticall y (Table 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • As a result of these deficiencies, Sklarin predicts the evolution to SaaS 3.0, which is a hybrid SaaS alternative, offering many more choices for end users. (thinkhdi.com)
  • I guess that the supposition here is that society as we know it will survive largely unscathed, which in times of significant and fundamental societal change is always a dicey proposition, but putting that aside, let's look specifically at this question of the evolution of computer communications. (circleid.com)
  • The scalability challenges that mainframes tackled paved the way for modern cloud computing. (replacementlevel.com)
  • In this week's Computer Weekly, cloud users are set to benefit from cheaper services as Google and Amazon start a price war. (computerweekly.com)
  • Even though I was never a big Google Reader user, its death has got me thinking about online services quite a bit lately - and really reminded me that we've done the cloud wrong . (techdirt.com)
  • The artists' work exposing technological devices and developments since the dawn of the mainframe computer will be on display in Uptown until October 17, 2018 during Mint Museum hours on Wednesday & Friday evenings, Saturdays, and Sundays. (mintmuseum.org)
  • From a technological standpoint, networked computing results in the convergence of two traditionally separate industries -- computers and telecommunications. (berkeley.edu)
  • In the early days of computing, horse screen mainframes were the epitome of technological innovation. (replacementlevel.com)
  • With the rapid pace of technological advancement, horse screen mainframes eventually fell out of favor. (replacementlevel.com)
  • One major innovation and a thing that third-generation computers improved on over their former is speed and power (performance). (benjaminbarber.org)
  • This innovation and invention led to smaller and more compact computers available at much lower prices, this indefinitely led to the making of the "PC" (or Personal Computer). (benjaminbarber.org)
  • From 2D line drawings to 3D CAD tools and in turn, these always placed a demand on the speed and innovation of the computers that operate them. (design-engine.com)
  • The foreground contains the applications the user is working on, and the background contains the applications that are behind the scenes, such as certain operating system functions, printing a document or accessing the network. (pcmag.com)
  • A database security package is implemented on CDC's mainframe computer to control unauthorized access to the system. (cdc.gov)
  • Access to the CDC Clifton Road facility where the mainframe computer is located is controlled by a cardkey system. (cdc.gov)
  • Access to the computer room is controlled by a cardkey and security code (numeric keypad) system. (cdc.gov)
  • The computer room is protected by an automatic sprinkler system, automatic sensors (e.g., water, heat, smoke, etc.) are installed, and portable fire extinguishers are located throughout the computer room. (cdc.gov)
  • Protection for computerized records both on the mainframe and the CIO Local Area Network (LAN) includes programmed verification of valid user identification code and password prior to logging on to the system, mandatory password changes, limited log-ins, virus protection, and user rights/file attribute restrictions. (cdc.gov)
  • In the old mainframe era, vertically integrated companies competed by offering the best full system solution. (berkeley.edu)
  • One increasingly popular means for this is the computer Bulletin Board System, or BBS. (equip.org)
  • The company had a hunch the personal computer was going to move the education system away from the mainframe. (smithsonianmag.com)
  • Long gone is the boot up process that tells the user every single process, system, and sub-system that is starting up. (ghacks.net)
  • How does one tell the story of a computer system? (digitalhumanities.org)
  • The term was coined in 1962 by computer visionary Theodor Holm (Ted) Nelson to describe "nonlinear" text, although the concept of a technical system designed to facilitate nonlinear text can be traced back as far as 1910. (digitalhumanities.org)
  • The Michigan Terminal System (MTS) was an IBM mainframe compatible operating system which came out of the University of Michigan in the early 1970s. (everything2.com)
  • The system supported both a batch (i.e. punched cards ) and an interactive mode and had extensive support for the sorts of i/o devices that one found on a mainframe computer of the era: disks, tapes, card readers and punches, line printers, etc. (everything2.com)
  • Users accessed the system via batch jobs (i.e. decks of punched cards ) or interactive terminals. (everything2.com)
  • The System z10 specialty engines continue to help users expand the use of the mainframe for a broad set of applications, while helping to lower the cost of ownership. (mainframes.com)
  • 1959 - General Motors and IBM build the computer system DAC-1 (Design Augmented by Computers) to facilitate the design of cars. (design-engine.com)
  • 1971 - ADAM Built by Patrick Hanratty, this interactive graphic design, drafting and manufacturing system was written in Fortran and designed to work on virtually every machine, a huge hit that went on to be updated to work on 16 and 32-bit computers, today 80% of CAD programs can be traced back to the roots of ADAM. (design-engine.com)
  • 1972 - IBM releases VM/CMS mainframe operating system (virtual machine/conversational monitor system). (design-engine.com)
  • From the Alto's concepts, starting in 1975, Xerox's System Development Department then developed the Star and introduced it in 1981-the first such user-friendly machine sold to the public. (ieee.org)
  • Modern mainframe design is characterized less by raw computational speed and more by: Redundant internal engineering resulting in high reliability and security Extensive input-output ("I/O") facilities with the ability to offload to separate engines Strict backward compatibility with older software High hardware and computational utilization rates through virtualization to support massive throughput. (wikipedia.org)
  • Users gained access through keyboard/typewriter terminals and later character-mode text terminal CRT displays with integral keyboards, or finally from personal computers equipped with terminal emulation software. (wikipedia.org)
  • The rigorous testing and design principles used in mainframes continue to influence modern hardware and software development. (replacementlevel.com)
  • From 1978 to 1999, MECC, together with Apple, competed against private software companies to turn American children into a nation of computer-savvy early adopters and make computer class as much a part of American schooling as math and English. (smithsonianmag.com)
  • What this does is, in many instances, keep the user from having to search the web endlessly for commercial-grade software for Linux. (ghacks.net)
  • In computer science and engineering, there is an emphasis on prototypes, software, things that are concrete. (digitalhumanities.org)
  • When I sit down to compose music using a program like Project 1 or Kyma , I find of central interest the feedback loop between the frozen and the living knowledge that is engaged: the frozen knowledge embodied by the computer software, whether it is knowledge of an instrument, waveforms, envelopes or knowledge about deforming and sequencing visual images, and the living knowledge in the composer's mind. (blogspot.com)
  • The Canadian computer industry consists of companies that provide computer hardware and software, networking technologies and related services. (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)
  • Users' groups started in the early days of mainframe computers, as a way to share sometimes hard-won knowledge and useful software, usually written by end users independently of the vendor-supplied programming efforts. (wikipedia.org)
  • depending on the network protocols and the hardware itself, as well as the exact software running on the mainframe, it might just auto-detect new clients, or it might require a lot of additional administration like adding a new user account mapped to an IP address or something. (antionline.com)
  • Finally, I believe so strongly in implementing SaaS with user-optimized choices that I propose a new concept that might more accurately describe what most mid-to enterprise-sized companies are demanding: Software as a Choice (SaaC). (thinkhdi.com)
  • 1980 - IGES Lets users transfer their 3D designs between CAD software programs, once STEP was released IGES did not get updated further, on its way out but still accepted in many places. (design-engine.com)
  • AutoCAD is a commercial computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting software application. (onetonline.org)
  • Furthermore, in 1993, the Information Network for Public Health Officials (INPHO) initiative began to enhance broader access to CDC information technology, networking, and software systems by users ( 12,13 ). (cdc.gov)
  • One notable example is ATI Technologies Inc (Markham, Ont) whose modems and graphics adapters - circuit cards that can be added to a personal computer to enhance its graphics-processing ability - are widely sold not only in Canada but in the US and elsewhere. (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)
  • Many computer user groups belong to an umbrella organization, the Association of Personal Computer User Groups or APCUG. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1984, the low-cost Macintosh from Apple Computer Inc ., Cupertino, Calif., brought the friendly interface to thousands of personal computer users. (ieee.org)
  • ACME is available on both the mainframe and the personal computer. (cdc.gov)
  • TRANSAX is available on both the mainframe and the personal computer. (cdc.gov)
  • A new category, straddling the divide between computers and consumer electronics, takes in personal digital assistants (PDAs) and other devices small enough to fit in a hand or pocket. (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)
  • Upon inspection, users are generally surprised to find all sorts of programs running in the background that they are not aware of because there are often several ancillary programs loaded at startup (see task manager ). (pcmag.com)
  • In a mainframe environment, foreground and background programs can be fine-tuned. (pcmag.com)
  • A user id could be made "privileged" which gave it certain rights including the right to create public files and the right to create privileged programs (i.e. programs which didn't suffer from certain key limitations imposed on mere-mortal programs). (everything2.com)
  • From the invention of computer programming languages up to the mid-1970s, most computer programmers created, edited and stored their programs line by line on punch cards . (wikipedia.org)
  • In all of the computer programs of the sixties, such as those by Xenakis and Mathews, what interested me was expanding my contrapuntal, multi-dimensional way of working. (blogspot.com)
  • This shift marked a significant step towards user-friendliness and accessibility. (replacementlevel.com)
  • Before coming to the LightHouse, I worked as a mainframe computer programmer and performed website user testing for accessibility. (lighthouse-sf.org)
  • In an interview with the author, Van Dam recalls that in the 1960s "the whole idea of a user in an interactive computer loop was still foreign to most people" [ Van Dam 1999 ]. (digitalhumanities.org)
  • Smaller, more powerful computers emerged, leading to the decentralization of computing power. (replacementlevel.com)
  • [1] This was especially useful when the main computer did not read the cards directly, but instead read their images from magnetic tape that was prepared offline by smaller computers such as the IBM 1401 . (wikipedia.org)
  • Many computer installations used cards with the opposite corner cut (sometimes no corner cut) as "job separators", so that an operator could stack several job decks in the card reader at the same time and be able to quickly separate the decks manually when they removed them from the stacker. (wikipedia.org)
  • Yet most people who have worked with both classes of machine would intuitively consider the Intel PC to be the opposite of a mainframe. (mainframes.com)
  • Personal computers and laptops became the norm, relegating the once-dominant mainframes to specialized tasks and industries. (replacementlevel.com)
  • Advancements in technology led to the rise of personal computers and laptops, making mainframes less relevant for everyday computing tasks. (replacementlevel.com)
  • With Ubuntu your user has administrative rights through sudo, so the worst thing they will have to do is enter their user password when handling administrative tasks. (ghacks.net)
  • Hard to tell without more info but you may have a hardware terminal server referencing your dumb terms to the mainframe. (antionline.com)
  • i really cant help much there coz thats really OLD tech.. but does ur mainframe computer has an extra port for another dumb terminal to get connected? (antionline.com)
  • As much as I hate to say it, in so many instances, you have to mimic Windows in order to gain a level of comfort with new users. (ghacks.net)
  • The other is Stanford's Augment lab: funky long-haired hippie-types sit over terminals that look like contemporary computers, there's Salvador Dali prints on the walls, everything is psychedelic colors. (nyu.edu)
  • Computers in those days were all mainframes, ensconced behind glass walls. (libertyunbound.com)
  • By the early 1970s, many mainframes acquired interactive user terminals operating as timesharing computers, supporting hundreds of users simultaneously along with batch processing. (wikipedia.org)
  • They normally accommodate only a few users simultaneously and mainly focus on two things: message bases and file down-loads. (equip.org)
  • Virtually all the companies making mainframe and minicomputer hardware in Canada are subsidiaries of foreign-owned companies, most of which are based in the US. (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)
  • Computer user groups meet both virtually and in hackerspaces . (wikipedia.org)
  • Mainframes have high availability, one of the primary reasons for their longevity, since they are typically used in applications where downtime would be costly or catastrophic. (wikipedia.org)
  • When interactive user terminals were introduced, they were used almost exclusively for applications (e.g. airline booking) rather than program development. (wikipedia.org)
  • This technique of virtual machines allows applications to run as if they were on physically distinct computers. (wikipedia.org)
  • The 80s saw a shift to decentralized computing with the emergence of the PC, which provided users with their own suite of desktop applications. (berkeley.edu)
  • Mainframe computers are often used as servers. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this role, a single mainframe can replace higher-functioning hardware services available to conventional servers. (wikipedia.org)
  • It took some 30 years of effort by engineers and computer scientists in universities, government laboratories, and corporate research groups, piggybacking on each other's work, trying new ideas, repeating each other's mistakes. (ieee.org)
  • citation needed] The infrastructure requirements were drastically reduced during the mid-1990s, when CMOS mainframe designs replaced the older bipolar technology. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the realm of technology, horse screen mainframes might not be a familiar term. (replacementlevel.com)
  • This article aims to provide insights into what horse screen mainframes are, their historical significance, their impact on modern technology, and how they have contributed to shaping the digital world we know today. (replacementlevel.com)
  • While horse screen mainframes are no longer at the forefront of technology, their legacy lives on. (replacementlevel.com)
  • As we navigate the constantly evolving landscape of technology, it's essential to acknowledge the contributions of horse screen mainframes. (replacementlevel.com)
  • From their origins as clunky CRT monitors to their pivotal role in shaping early computing experiences, horse screen mainframes have left an indelible mark on the trajectory of technology. (replacementlevel.com)
  • Her "house" was the Jennings Computer Center on the campus of the Case Institute of Technology. (libertyunbound.com)
  • A users' group (also user's group or user group ) is a type of club focused on the use of a particular technology , usually (but not always) computer -related. (wikipedia.org)
  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology student Ivan E. Sutherland built it in 1962 as a Ph.D. thesis at MIT's Lincoln Laboratory in Lexington, Mass. Sketchpad users could not only draw points, line segments, and circular arcs on a cathode ray tube (CRT) with a light pen-they could also assign constraints to, and relationships among, whatever they drew. (ieee.org)
  • PHI) arrived on the scene during the 1990s after medical informatics (intersecting information technology, medicine, and health care) and bioinformatics (intersecting mathematics, statistics, computer science, and molecular biology). (cdc.gov)
  • Users' groups today continue to provide "real life" opportunities for learning from the shared experience of the members and may provide other functions such as a newsletter, group purchasing opportunities, tours of facilities, or speakers at group meetings. (wikipedia.org)
  • They were used by major and big companies to handle corporate and business information and were very well capable of handling hundreds to thousands of users at a time. (benjaminbarber.org)
  • Canadian-owned companies play a limited role in the manufacture of computer hardware. (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)
  • Only the most progressive companies had access to computer aided design. (design-engine.com)
  • Macintosh users can connect with MS-DOS BBS's, and vice versa. (equip.org)
  • There are also other user groups that concentrate on either Mac OS ( Macintosh User Group or MUG) or Linux ( Linux User Group or LUG). (wikipedia.org)
  • It went hand in hand with Apple Computer Inc. in its earliest days. (smithsonianmag.com)
  • As PCs get more powerful, it's possible to run multiple users on each computer - just like in the mainframe days. (stilgherrian.com)
  • This was the beginning of a new paradigm within the computer industry from large centralized mainframes to decentralized personal computers dedicated to single users. (berkeley.edu)
  • With integrated circuits that had wires connecting to one computer chip, that single chip was deemed to be faster and more powerful that the computers from the previous generations. (benjaminbarber.org)
  • Up to 435 users across Minnesota could access it at one time from anywhere that had a telephone line. (smithsonianmag.com)
  • IDIS is a real-time, mainframe-based computer application. (hud.gov)
  • This chapter is particularly important if you are a first-time user of IDIS. (hud.gov)
  • These computers can still be used today in banks to handle all the transaction that are happening at the same time. (benjaminbarber.org)
  • What captivated my interest in computers was not the hardware, but the idea that compositions could be designed on the basis of contrapuntal ideas so that different parameter streams (lists) could be merged to create new sounds, either in ideal time (through notation), or in real time (electronically). (blogspot.com)
  • Most of the common crystallographic standardizations date back to the time of old Fortran coded mainframes. (iucr.org)
  • Luckily for me, we were not asked to muse about the future of computers and computing over this same period, as the time span is long enough to think well beyond silicon-based structures and muse in the rather diverse directions of quantum physics and biological substrates for computation. (circleid.com)
  • These commercial services run on distributed mainframe sys-tems costing millions of dollars. (equip.org)
  • 7 firms FOR management The passwords from this network have same in additional computers to the cables from Chapter 4. (rockalittle.com)
  • The user interface was maybe OK for computer gurus, but not for my lab technicians or my summer students. (the-scientist.com)
  • They were the interface through which users interacted with mainframe computers. (replacementlevel.com)
  • and (3) a user-interface model. (thinkhdi.com)
  • This article was first published as "Of Mice and menus: designing the user-friendly interface. (ieee.org)
  • The monolithic "mainframe" computing environment was being challenged by so-called "mini-computers" The notion of a small number of shared computing utilities was based on the inordinate cost of these devices, the esoteric use cases, and the need to defray these costs over multiple users and uses. (circleid.com)
  • Although computers had changed from vacuum tubes to transistors some years earlier, thereby advancing significantly in reliability, they were still rather delicate creatures, prone to almost daily outages that, for all we students knew, might have been fits of the vapors. (libertyunbound.com)
  • The major innovations of the first-generation computer includes the use of electronic switches, with the help of vacuum tubes they were able maker these electronic switches open on close approximately 1000 times faster than mechanical switches. (benjaminbarber.org)
  • Since these computers used a large number of vacuum tubes so a "small computer" was about the size of an inure room. (benjaminbarber.org)
  • These transistors were very small and they Improved speed from vacuum tubes by quite a ton, thus resulting In more compact computers, without the loss of speed. (benjaminbarber.org)
  • While many types of removable media are good for long-term storage, they are often too bulky and expensive for compact devices such as printers, palm-size computers and network hardware. (schneier.com)
  • The NAT ebook logarithmic image processing theory is an type computer to represent the separate IP installations based inside the section into expensive IP locations focused on the computer. (rockalittle.com)
  • But imagine, if you will, using a computer to write an article in batch mode. (libertyunbound.com)
  • When they removed the game from the mainframe for Minnesota's schools, they printed the programming code for the game. (smithsonianmag.com)
  • We had to remove the game from the Minneapolis Schools computer," says Rawitsch, "and we had no other computer to run it on. (smithsonianmag.com)
  • The term mainframe was derived from the large cabinet, called a main frame, that housed the central processing unit and main memory of early computers. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term originally referred to the large cabinets called "main frames" that housed the central processing unit and main memory of early computers. (mainframes.com)
  • 1960 - William Fetter from Boeing coins the term "computer graphic" for his human factors cockpit drawings. (design-engine.com)
  • Would a prediction of 1921 miss the rise of computers and the emergence of digital environments? (circleid.com)
  • Both the LanRover/E and the GatorLink are hardware devices that connect AppleTalk Remote Access users directly into the network without the need for a dedicated Mac. (schneier.com)
  • This provided an administrative mechanism for managing accounts (i.e. each group had a group leader account which could perform certain administrative actions on an account) as well as providing a way to associate file access rights to groups of users. (everything2.com)
  • Users could allow other users to access their files by changing their files' permission rights. (everything2.com)
  • Thus, I learnt that an intelligent program which hides the user from the need of input is a step ahead for an interactive program. (iucr.org)
  • SHARE , a user group originated by aerospace industry corporate users of IBM mainframe computers, was founded in 1955 and is the oldest computer user group still active. (wikipedia.org)
  • Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates' vision is, "A computer on every desktop, in every home. (berkeley.edu)
  • And let's face it, the desktop ultimately will determine how user-friendly a distribution is. (ghacks.net)
  • I can take a user-friendly distribution like Ubuntu, put AfterStep or E16 on as the desktop, and that distribution is no longer user-friendly. (ghacks.net)
  • The desktop is the make or break for Linux and we all know, for user-friendliness, there are two serious choices: GNOME and KDE. (ghacks.net)