AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHealth Care
UrineKidney Concentrating AbilityOsmolar ConcentrationAquaporin 2PolyuriaDeamino Arginine VasopressinWater DeprivationDiuresisWater-Electrolyte BalanceRenal AgentsDehydrationAquaporin 6VasopressinsAntidiuretic AgentsArginine VasopressinThirstAquaporinsHyponatremiaReceptors, VasopressinDrinkingDiabetes InsipidusKidney MedullaAquaporin 3Diabetes Insipidus, NephrogenicPolydipsiaInappropriate ADH SyndromeSaline Solution, HypertonicAquaporin 1Specific GravityRats, BrattleboroKidneyKidney Tubules, CollectingSodiumBody WaterSolute Carrier Family 12, Member 1UreaHypernatremiaEnuresisDiabetes Insipidus, NeurogenicElectrolytesDiureticsWaterFurosemideNatriuresisUrinationKidney Function TestsPotassiumSodium-Potassium-Chloride SymportersGlomerular Filtration RateBenzazepinesHypertonic SolutionsCreatinineSodium ChlorideHypotonic SolutionsMannitolKidney TubulesOsmotic PressureMembrane Transport ProteinsKidney DiseasesUrinalysisOsmosisRats, Sprague-DawleySheepIsotonic SolutionsDiatrizoateTime FactorsDiuretics, OsmoticBlood PressureReference ValuesRats, WistarBody FluidsMice, KnockoutOsmometryLoop of HenleGlucose Solution, HypertonicChloridesRehydration SolutionsFluid TherapyDrinking BehaviorIoxaglic AcidUrine Specimen CollectionWater-Electrolyte ImbalanceHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationPlasma VolumeBetaineSubstance Abuse DetectionHematocritSupraoptic NucleusIohexolSucroseBlood VolumeWater IntoxicationBacteriuriaAbsorptionBloodSweatAcclimatizationGlycosuriaTriiodobenzoic AcidsHypovolemia
MOsmDehydrationUrinalysisSpecimenElectrolytesAlbuminSerum osmolality testCreatinineDipstickDiluteUrinaryPotassiumCheck the body'sDesmopressin acetateOsmoticGlycosuriaExcretionSIADHBloodSolute concentrationFluidsUreaSpecific gravityKidneysAntidiuretic hormoneFluid intakeConcentrationsBody's water balanceDiagnosisLaboratoryExcessiveElectrolyteMeasurementRatioConcentrateRenal functionGlucoseClinicalPlasmaNormalStoolSubstances dissolvedDiagnostic TestsHydration statusLarge amountsDiabetesSyndromeExcess
MOsm12
Dehydration8
Urinalysis2
Specimen4
  • Urine specimen excessively leaking from the container. (akronchildrens.org)
  • As appropriate, provide the required urine collection container and specimen collection instructions. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Because the kidneys can conserve up to approximately 10-15 mEq of potassium per day, a value of less than 20 mEq on a 24-hour urine specimen suggests appropriate renal conservation of potassium, while values above that indicate some degree of renal wasting. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, the freezing point depression of the urine specimen can be converted to units of osmolality or osmotic concentration by dividing it by 1.858. (cdc.gov)
Electrolytes1
Albumin2
  • Blood chemistry tests are done to check the levels of sodium in the blood, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, albumin and uric acid. (cancer.ca)
  • Proteinuria on dipstick testing should be followed by a quantitative test such as a spot urine albumin/creatinine ratio. (aafp.org)
Serum osmolality test1
  • A urine osmolality test is often used along with a serum osmolality test to check the body's fluid balance. (medlineplus.gov)
Creatinine7
  • To ensure that a full and accurate 24-hour urine sample has been collected, urine creatinine should be measured simultaneously. (medscape.com)
  • I don't have UTI and all my urine related tests are normal including ultrasound & CT scan and creatinine is 0.8. (ndtv.com)
  • Hepatorenal syndrome is diagnosed when a creatinine clearance rate of less than 40 mL/min is present or when a serum creatinine level of greater than 1.5 mg/dL, a urine volume of less than 500 mL/day, and a urine sodium level of less than 10 mEq/L are present. (medscape.com)
  • Neutron activation analysis demonstrated high levels of Cd in the liver and kidney of 31 percent of the men, while creatinine clearance was normal in all individuals tested. (cdc.gov)
  • 0.05), but not for creatinine and for β2-Microglobulin (Student's test). (unicatt.it)
  • a Expected urine creatinine is 0.9 to 1.3 g and is based on urine creatinine excretion of 15 to 20 mg/kg per 24 hours (for females). (medscape.com)
  • Even so, the disorder seems to urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, serum diagnosedcasesand81episodesinpre- contribute appreciably to the number of sodium and potassium, urine acetone, viously known cases of DM. (who.int)
Dipstick4
Dilute4
Urinary8
  • The use of desmopressin acetate tablets in patients with an established diagnosis will result in a reduction in urinary output with an accompanying increase in urine osmolality. (nih.gov)
  • Twelve of 23 men (52 percent) in whom urine osmolality could be evaluated presented impaired maximum urinary concentrating ability. (cdc.gov)
  • Urine osmolality is useful in diagnosing disorders of urinary concentration such diabetes insipidous and in assessing hydration status. (medscape.com)
  • When testing for urinary tract infection, midstream urine should be collected using the clean-catch technique. (aafp.org)
  • Without symptoms of urinary tract infection, urine culture is useful only in pregnancy and preparation for endoscopic urologic procedures. (aafp.org)
  • Increases in osmolality (that may result from deficit of water or increased sodium input), in normal individuals, stimulates thirst and an increase in urinary sodium (antidiuretic-hormone-ADH, also known as arginine-vasopressin-AVP, which is synthesized by the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus, is released by the posterior pituitary and acts on the V2 receptors of the renal collection ducts). (doctorguidelines.com)
  • The use of Desmopressin Acetate Nasal Spray in patients with an established diagnosis will result in a reduction in urinary output with increase in urine osmolality and a decrease in plasma osmolality This will allow the resumption of a more normal life-style with decrease in urinary frequency and nocturia . (wikidoc.org)
  • One such organ is the urinary bladder, which is capable of storing water as diluted urine (McClanahan, 1967) and under osmotic stress, water can be withdrawn from the bladder back into the extracellular space to balance the loss of water (Shoemaker and Nagy, 1977). (bvsalud.org)
Potassium14
  • However, measurement of urine potassium is of vital importance because it establishes the pathophysiologic mechanism behind hypokalemia and, thus, aids in formulating the differential diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • Depending on history, physical examination findings, clinical impressions, and urine potassium results, the following tests may be appropriate. (medscape.com)
  • A urine potassium assay establishes the pathophysiologic mechanism of hypokalemia. (medscape.com)
  • A spot urine potassium measurement is, for obvious reasons, the easiest and most commonly obtained test. (medscape.com)
  • If the urine potassium level is higher than 40 mEq/L, examine the patient's medication list and question the patient regarding the use of diuretics. (medscape.com)
  • While more cumbersome to obtain, a 24-hour urine measurement of potassium excretion yields more precise data on how much potassium is being lost through renal excretion. (medscape.com)
  • A spot urine sodium and osmolality test obtained simultaneously with a spot urine potassium test can help to refine the interpretation of the urine potassium level. (medscape.com)
  • 20 mEq/L) with a high urine potassium level suggests the presence of secondary hyperaldosteronism. (medscape.com)
  • Potassium is an electrolyte, which is a mineral in the blood that can be measured by a blood test. (medscape.com)
  • Potassium is ingested through food and electrolyte-enhanced beverages and excreted primarily through urine, with a minority portion removed through the gastrointestinal tract. (medscape.com)
  • A spot urine potassium measurement is the easiest and most commonly obtained test for hypokalemia. (medscape.com)
  • A deficiency of magnesium results in the continual opening of the ROMK channel, allowing potassium to flow out of the tubular cells into the urine unchecked. (medscape.com)
  • If the urine potassium level is greater than 20 mEq/L but less than 40 mEq/L, calculate the TTKG. (medscape.com)
  • This quiz feedback provides an opportunity to revisit Best Tests, September 2011 which looked at the primary care approach to investigating sodium and potassium imbalance. (bpac.org.nz)
Check the body's1
  • Osmolality tests are used to check the body's water and electrolyte balance. (cancer.ca)
Desmopressin acetate2
  • Following administration of desmopressin acetate tablets, the onset of antidiuretic effect occurs at around 1 hour, and it reaches a maximum at about 4 to 7 hours based on the measurement of increased urine osmolality. (nih.gov)
  • Continued response to intranasal desmopressin acetate can be monitored by urine volume and osmolality . (wikidoc.org)
Osmotic3
  • The temperature at the plateau is the freezing point of the sample and can be converted to units of osmolality (osmotic concentration) by observing that 1.0 osmole depresses the freezing point of water by 1.858oC, where 1.0 osmole = 1.0 mole of osmotically active particles. (cdc.gov)
  • Due to osmotic diuresis from loss of large amounts of sodium and urea into the urine following relief of urethral obstruction. (vin.com)
  • A GLM and Kruskall Wallis test was performed with Dunn's multiple comparisons test to evaluate the effects of osmotic gradient stress on BDPI. (bvsalud.org)
Glycosuria1
Excretion2
SIADH3
  • SIADH, or Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti-diuretic Hormone Secretion, may also be present if this is the test result. (diabetesinsipidus.org)
  • The amount of sodium in the urine will be higher if you have SIADH. (cancer.ca)
  • With SIADH, blood osmolality will be lowered and urine osmolality will be greater than blood osmolality. (cancer.ca)
Blood23
Solute concentration2
  • Osmolarity and osmolality are the units of measurement of solute concentration in a solution. (medgadget.com)
  • Osmolality indicates solute concentration. (medscape.com)
Fluids4
  • The test can show whether you have an unhealthy balance of fluids in your body. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The most common reason for decreased urine osmolality is an excessive level of fluids being consumed. (diabetesinsipidus.org)
  • When fluids are being regularly consumed or forced out of the body because of the action of a diuretic, this can dramatically lower urine osmolality without their being a health issue involved. (diabetesinsipidus.org)
  • This test measures changes in body weight, urine output, and urine composition when fluids are withheld. (wikipedia.org)
Urea1
Specific gravity6
Kidneys4
Antidiuretic hormone3
  • Often, the assessment of any disorder involving antidiuretic hormone (ADH) will require both serum and urine osmolality to assess concentrating ability of the kidney. (medscape.com)
  • 3. Increasing plasma osmolality and hypovolemia also stimulate osmoreceptors in the anterior hypothalamus and baroreceptors in the aortic arch, resulting in the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the anterior pituitary. (vin.com)
  • Patients are selected for therapy by establishing the diagnosis by means of the water deprivation test, the hypertonic saline infusion test, and/or the response to antidiuretic hormone . (wikidoc.org)
Fluid intake6
  • When testing for diabetes insipidus, fluid intake restrictions may also be ordered in conjunction with a urine osmolality test. (diabetesinsipidus.org)
  • Your provider may tell you that you need to limit your fluid intake 12 to 14 hours before the test. (ucsfbenioffchildrens.org)
  • 1. Extracellular fluid volume is maintained by regulation of fluid intake and urine production. (vin.com)
  • When you consult a doctor for excessive urination, your doctor will first make sure that the urine output is out of proportion to fluid intake or the intake is abnormally too high. (niroginepal.com)
  • Considering that an adequate fluid intake and homeostasis of total body water is essential for human health and survival, the aims of this study were to investigate whether (i) oral motor performance is determinant for hydration status and (ii) the effect of a supplemental oral fluid supply on salivary osmolality in children with cerebral palsy. (bvsalud.org)
  • The tested hypothesis was that compromised oral motor performance interferes in fluid intake, resulting in a diminished health status for these children. (bvsalud.org)
Concentrations3
  • Urine sucrose concentrations also were compared on the basis of ulcer severity score. (avma.org)
  • Results -Urine sucrose concentrations and ulcer severity scores were significantly higher in horses with induced ulcers before omeprazole treatment than after treatment. (avma.org)
  • Results were similar after adjusting sucrose concentrations for urine osmolality. (avma.org)
Body's water balance2
Diagnosis5
  • A serum magnesium assay is also important in the differential diagnosis, as well as in therapy, and is therefore performed as a first-line test. (medscape.com)
  • At the visit, write down the name of a new diagnosis, and any new medicines, treatments, or tests. (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • Vassopressin testing aids in diagnosis of urine concentration disorders such as diabetes insipidus, syndrome of inappropriate ADH, psychogenic water intoxication, and syndromes of ectopic ADH production. (loinc.org)
  • ADH must be compared with osmolality results for correct diagnosis. (loinc.org)
  • In conclusion, the biochemical tests have been of great support to the formulation of the diagnosis and to reduce the intra-bladder pressure. (unicatt.it)
Laboratory6
  • Based on these normal values, the test results reported by a laboratory may be higher or lower than normal. (diabetesinsipidus.org)
  • the laboratory typically provides these values with the test result. (msdmanuals.com)
  • With a 90-second test time and onboard QC charts the Osmo1 helps your laboratory stay productive. (aicompanies.com)
  • A decrease in urine concentrating ability may be the only laboratory abnormality indicating renal disease (especially in feline patients) presented for PU/PD. (vin.com)
  • Our goal is to be the laboratory of choice for high quality, reliable diagnostic testing. (primexlab.com)
  • a Laboratory results prior to starting the water deprivation test. (medscape.com)
Excessive1
Electrolyte1
  • A comparison of the urine osmolality to the serum osmolality yields additional information about water handling by the kidney or abnormalities of urine concentration or dilution, as does electrolyte studies. (medscape.com)
Measurement1
  • With the Osmo1® Single-Sample Micro-Osmometer, we've bundled together accurate and reliable osmolality measurement with ease-of-use for efficient patient sample analysis. (aicompanies.com)
Ratio2
  • Typically, the ratio of urine osmolality to serum osmolality is 1-3. (medscape.com)
  • Discussion: The use of echo guided invasive techniques has allowed to consider the fetus as a little patient and invasive approaches can be made with a very low risk-benefit ratio.The biochemical evaluations on fetal urines, have made possible the monitoring of the disease,leading to pregnancies up to 37th and 38th weeks,respectively, with appropriate approach and without aggressive treatment. (unicatt.it)
Concentrate3
  • Mine look like that almost every afternoon, but I do concentrate my urine under extreme conditions. (dinet.org)
  • To evaluate the ability to concentrate urine, a water deprivation test should be done if the animal is not dehydrated and does not have renal disease. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Loss of this gradient (medullary washout) will result in an inability to concentrate urine even in the face of normal ADH activity. (vin.com)
Renal function2
  • It can indicate if the urine is overly diluted or concentrated due to hydration status or impaired renal function. (cdc.gov)
  • We evaluated the clinical usefulness of fetal urine analysis for the prediction of poor postnatal renal function in two cases. (unicatt.it)
Glucose1
  • glucose can also add significantly to the osmolality when it is abundant in urine. (medscape.com)
Clinical5
  • Serious clinical conditions may be associated with elevated or decreased serum osmolality. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Conclusions and Clinical Relevance -Urine sucrose concentration appears to be a reliable but imperfect indicator of gastric squamous ulcers in horses. (avma.org)
  • The increase of urine osmolality above that of plasma in response to exogenous ADH in the hypophyseal form, but not in the nephrogenic form, is useful in the clinical differentiation of the two forms of the disease. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Hematology, clinical chemistry, and urine tests, were conducted on 10 rats/group after the last exposure and after a 2-week recovery period. (cdc.gov)
  • Results from clinical chemistry and hematology tests revealed no significant deviations from normal ranges. (cdc.gov)
Plasma5
  • [ 1 ] Urine osmolality is greater than plasma osmolality. (medscape.com)
  • Great for mid to high-throughput labs that test urine, plasma, serum and stool osmolality. (aicompanies.com)
  • Variations in urine osmolality play a principal role in regulating the Na+ concentration and plasma osmolality. (medscape.com)
  • After a water load, the plasma osmolality drops transiently, thereby suppressing the release of ADH. (medscape.com)
  • It has also been reported that children with cerebral palsy present increased salivary osmolality and total protein concentration 10 , together with increased salivary, urine and plasma osmolalities, characterizing an impaired hydration status 11 . (bvsalud.org)
Normal6
Stool2
  • A stool osmolality test is most often used to find out the reason for chronic diarrhea that is not caused by a bacterial or parasitic infection . (medlineplus.gov)
  • You may need a stool osmolality test if you have chronic diarrhea that can't be explained by a bacterial or parasitic infection or another cause such as intestinal damage. (medlineplus.gov)
Substances dissolved1
  • The extent to which urine can be cooled to less than 0°C reflects the concentration of substances dissolved in the urine. (medscape.com)
Diagnostic Tests1
  • 3. Water consumption can vary greatly from day to day, so it is important to have owners subjectively assess water consumption in the home environment for several consecutive days in order to obtain an accurate picture before beginning unnecessary and expensive diagnostic tests. (vin.com)
Hydration status2
  • Salivary osmolality reflects the hydration status of individuals with cerebral palsy necessary for adequate unstimulated salivary flow rate. (bvsalud.org)
  • Aim: To investigate whether oral motor performance is determinant for the hydration status and the effect of a supplemental oral fluid supply on salivary osmolality. (bvsalud.org)
Large amounts2
Diabetes6
  • You may need a serum osmolality or urine osmolality test if you have symptoms of a fluid imbalance, diabetes insipidus, or certain types of poisoning. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Test results for diabetes insipidus urine osmolality are typically available within 24 hours, which means completing the process may take 48 hours in total once ordered by a medical provider. (diabetesinsipidus.org)
  • Central diabetes insipidus will see similar results with water deprivation testing, but will correct itself with the introduction of vasopressin or desmopressin. (diabetesinsipidus.org)
  • Patients with central diabetes insipidus will respond to ADH (the urine osmolality will increase 100% or more in complete central DI and between 15-50% in partial central DI). (doctorguidelines.com)
  • For example, if tests show you have diabetes, you will need to get treated. (mountsinai.org)
  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is char- A descriptive cross-sectional retrospec- groups were tested statistically using the acterized by the development of a state tive analysis was made of the records chi-squared test and independent sam- ofcompleteinsulindeficiencywhich of adult patients admitted to the ples t -test. (who.int)
Syndrome1
  • Simultaneous serum insulin and C-peptide tests can detect covert insulin use, which may occur in Münchhausen or Münchhausen-by-proxy syndrome. (medscape.com)
Excess1