Urinary acidosis renal tubular. Medical search. Frequent questions

citation needed] Renal tubular acidosis Distal renal tubular acidosis Rodriguez Soriano J, Boichis H, Stark H, Edelmann CM (1967). (wikipedia.org)
The term renal tubular acidosis (RTA) describes a group of disorders of acid-base homeostasis, in which the primary impairment is the excretion of fixed acid (distal RTA) or the reabsorption of filtered bicarbonate (proximal RTA). (bmj.com)
Autosomal recessive distal renal tubular acidosis (rdRTA) is characterised by severe hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis in childhood, hypokolaemia, decreased urinary calcium solubility, and impaired bone physiology and growth. (unict.it)
Other uses include relieving discomfort in urinary tract infections and reducing acidosis in distal renal tubular acidosis. (food-chemicals.com)
The metabolic acidosis that results from RTA may be caused either by failure to reabsorb sufficient bicarbonate ions (which are alkaline) from the filtrate in the early portion of the nephron (the proximal tubule) or by insufficient secretion of hydrogen ions (which are acidic) into the latter portions of the nephron (the distal tubule). (successcds.net)
Ammonium chloride is used as a systemic acidifying agent in the treatment of severe metabolic alkalosis, in some of the mouth acid loading tests to diagnose distal renal tubular acidosis, to keep the urine from the pH of the acid in the treatment of urinary tract disorders. (kimyaborsasi.com.tr)

Acidosis Acidosis is caused by an overproduction of acid that builds up in the blood or an excessive loss of bicarbonate from the blood (metabolic acidosis) or by a buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood. (msdmanuals.com)
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with a normal serum anion gap. (bmj.com)
https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s12325-020-01587-5 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33367987?tool=bestpractice.com The acid retention or bicarbonate loss results in hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis marked by low serum bicarbonate and a normal anion gap. (bmj.com)
BUN measurements are used in the diagnosis of certain renal and metabolic diseases. (cdc.gov)
Metabolic acidosis develops because of impaired renal tubular ammonia production, decreased urinary excretion of hydrogen ion and reduced renal tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate. (vin.com)
Differential diagnoses for metabolic acidosis include toxins, uremic acidosis, ketoacidosis, or organic acidosis (e.g. (vin.com)
In cats small bowel disease inhibits cobalamin uptake, and cobalamin deficiency can result in metabolic acidosis. (vin.com)
These people typically end up with an ileal conduit, which is a classical cause of normal anion gap metabolic acidosis . (derangedphysiology.com)
It seems to be a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis, as well as a respiratory acidosis. (derangedphysiology.com)
Although a metabolic acidosis also occurs in those with renal insufficiency, the term RTA is reserved for individuals with poor urinary acidification in otherwise well-functioning kidneys. (successcds.net)
The metabolic acidosis caused by RTA is a normal anion gap acidosis. (successcds.net)
This type of stone is more common in metabolic conditions, such as renal tubular acidosis. (ahdubai.com)
This article covers the pathophysiology and causes of hyperchloremic metabolic acidoses, in particular the renal tubular acidoses (RTAs). (medscape.com)
A low plasma bicarbonate (HCO3-) concentration represents, by definition, metabolic acidosis, which may be primary or secondary to a respiratory alkalosis. (medscape.com)
Loss of bicarbonate stores through diarrhea or renal tubular wasting leads to a metabolic acidosis state characterized by increased plasma chloride concentration and decreased plasma bicarbonate concentration. (medscape.com)
Primary metabolic acidoses that occur as a result of a marked increase in endogenous acid production (eg, lactic or keto acids) or progressive accumulation of endogenous acids when excretion is impaired by renal insufficiency are characterized by decreased plasma bicarbonate concentration and increased anion gap without hyperchloremia. (medscape.com)
The initial differentiation of metabolic acidosis should involve a determination of the anion gap (AG). (medscape.com)
For this reason, it is also known as hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. (medscape.com)
Go to Metabolic Acidosis, Pediatric Metabolic Acidosis, and Emergent Management of Metabolic Acidosis for complete information on these topics. (medscape.com)
Loss of tubular function prevents the kidneys from excreting hydrogen cations (H+) and thereby causes metabolic acidosis. (medscape.com)
A 30 year old presents with nausea, weakness, headache and impaired vision and high anion gap metabolic acidosis. (medicoapps.org)
During metabolic acidosis, kidneys normally eliminate NH4+Cl- to enhance the removal of excess H+ion. (medicoapps.org)
Which of the following condition is associated with normal anion gap metabolic acidosis? (medicoapps.org)
A normal anion gap metabolic acidosis is caused by the loss of bicarbonate with a reciprocal increase in chloride concentration. (medicoapps.org)
Diarrhea is the most common cause of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. (medicoapps.org)
This loss of large volumes of fluids lead to hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. (medicoapps.org)
This medication can also prevent and treat certain metabolic problems (acidosis) caused by kidney disease. (sskpharma.com)

Stones in the Urinary Tract Stones (calculi) are hard masses that form in the urinary tract and may cause pain, bleeding, or an infection or block of the flow of urine. (msdmanuals.com)
Urinary Tract Obstruction Urinary tract obstruction is a blockage that inhibits the flow of urine through its normal path (the urinary tract), including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. (msdmanuals.com)
Proximal renal tubular acidosis (pRTA) or type 2 renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a type of RTA caused by a failure of the proximal tubular cells to reabsorb filtered bicarbonate from the urine, leading to urinary bicarbonate wasting and subsequent acidemia. (wikipedia.org)
Since in proximal renal tubular acidosis patients the nephron is unable to reabsorb bicarbonate, the level of bicarbonate is going to be high in the urine. (wikipedia.org)
Urinary tract obstruction is a blockage of the flow of urine out of the body. (medscape.com)
Some small stones pass through the kidney and urinary tract with little discomfort, while larger ones can block the flow of urine and impair kidney function. (medlineplus.gov)
Kidney stones can also result in blood in the urine (hematuria) or kidney or urinary tract infections. (medlineplus.gov)
The urinary system removes waste from the body through urine. (mayoclinic.org)
To diagnose renal tubular acidosis, doctors do an exam and order blood tests and urine tests. (teenshealth.org)
Cranberries and high-protein diets create a more acidic urinary environment, whereas citrus fruits and low-carbohydrate diets create a more alkaline urine environment. (medscape.com)
The kidneys are the part of the urinary tract that makes urine (pee). (kidshealth.org)
After the kidneys make urine, it leaves the body using the rest of the urinary tract as a pathway. (kidshealth.org)
In 1817, it was pointed out that the alkalinization that attends putrefaction of urine unavoidably results in crystallization of dissolved urinary phosphate [2]. (who.int)
Infection usually results when a kidney stone blocks the passage of urine, or causes irritation in the urinary tract. (wellnesskeen.com)
Qualitative urinary findings are often analyzed on urinalysis and urine culture. (wikidoc.org)
Quantitative urinary findings depends on urine output. (wikidoc.org)
When blood is filtered by the kidney in renal physiology, the filtrate passes through the tubules of the nephron, allowing for exchange of acid, salts equivalents, and other solutes before it drains into the bladder as urine. (successcds.net)
Citrate in the urine antagonizes crystallization of calcium oxalate or phosphate, so that increasing urinary citrate excretion prevents kidney stone recurrence. (moonstonenutrition.com)
Citrate salts alter urine chemistry by increasing urinary citrate excretion and pH while having a variable effect to decrease urinary calcium excretion. (moonstonenutrition.com)

An increase in serum phosphatase activity is associated with primary hyperparathyroidism, secondary hyperparathyroidism owing to chronic renal disease, rickets, and osteitis deformans juvenilia due to vitamin D deficiency and malabsorption or renal tubular dystrophies. (cdc.gov)
Renal secondary hyperparathyroidism results from phosphorus retention and decreased production of calcitriol. (vin.com)

This results from the obligate renal H+ ion excretion, due to the normal daily average endogenous acid production of 1 mEq/kg required to maintain acid-base balance in the body. (medscape.com)
This hypothesis posits that foods associated with an increased urinary acid excretion are deleterious for the skeleton, leading to osteoporosis and enhanced fragility fracture risk. (cambridge.org)
Urinary anion gap is an indication of excretion of which of the following? (medicoapps.org)
In response to acidosis, daily urinary excretion of NH4Cl can be increased from 30 mEq to 200 mEq. (medicoapps.org)
In addition, we review the ability of citrate supplementation to favorably alter urinary citrate excretion and pH, both of which are associated with prevention of kidney stones of varying composition. (moonstonenutrition.com)

Struvite stones form as a result of urinary tract infections . (healthline.com)
8 ) Calcium phosphate stones may develop in people with renal tubular acidosis, a condition in which the kidneys are do not properly filter acids from the blood, as well as a result of taking certain medicines. (everydayhealth.com)
Struvite Stones These can form due to urinary tract infection from the waste products of bacteria. (everydayhealth.com)
Adult patients with RTA are often asymptomatic but may present with muscular weakness related to associated hypokalemia, nephrocalcinosis, or recurrent renal stones. (bmj.com)
Kidney stones can cause abdominal or back pain (known as renal colic). (medlineplus.gov)
Kidney stones (also called renal calculi, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis) are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside your kidneys. (mayoclinic.org)
Kidney stones can affect any part of your urinary tract - from your kidneys to your bladder. (mayoclinic.org)
In other instances - for example, if stones become lodged in the urinary tract, are associated with a urinary infection or cause complications - surgery may be needed. (mayoclinic.org)
Untreated renal (REE-nul) tubular acidosis can affect a child's growth, cause kidney stones , and other problems like bone or kidney disease . (teenshealth.org)
Kidney stones, also known as renal lithiasis, form when minerals and acid salts in the kidneys stick together and solidify, forming a stone that can be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a golf ball. (columbia.edu)
Urinary pH levels are particularly useful in the evaluation of stones, infection, and renal tubular acidosis (RTA). (medscape.com)
There has been an increase in incidence of renal stones in children (as well as adults) over the past few decades. (pedemmorsels.com)
Renal Stones: Evolving Epidemiology and Management. (pedemmorsels.com)
Once, the stones are small enough to pass through the urinary system, the procedure ends. (credihealth.com)
However, depending on the size of the stone and your physical condition, the doctor may place a stent inside the urinary system, which will ease in the passage of stones. (credihealth.com)
Kidney stones are the formation of crystalline structures in the urinary tract (which includes the kidneys, ureters, and bladder). (srikumar.com)
However, it does appear that some non-obstructing stones can cause pain because of either blockage of small tubular structures in the kidney itself (the collecting tubules) or for other unclear reasons. (srikumar.com)
Genetics and medical conditions: Individuals with a history of some conditions, such as medullary sponge kidney or renal tubular acidosis are prone to forming stones. (srikumar.com)
Kidney stones (technically called renal calculi, nephrolithiasis, or urolithiasis) are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys, and they affect about 9% of citizens in Western nations. (chiro-trust.org)
ABSTRACT Epidemiology and pathogenesis in urinary stones diagnosed in 184 patients were studied. (who.int)
Anatomical distribution of urinary stones was 67.4% renal, 12.5% ureteric and 14.6% bladder. (who.int)
Bacteria were isolated from 19 (24.4%) of 78 urinary stones: 14 were urea splitting and 5 non-urea splitting. (who.int)
Urinary stones are the third most common affliction of the urinary tract. (who.int)
From December 2001 to September 2002, all 184 patients who were diagnosed by the urologist, or paediatrician in the case of children, as having urinary stones were included in this study. (who.int)
Kidney stones (renal calculi, nephrolithiasis) are diseases of the kidneys and ureters, in which small or large stones form inside the kidney. (infrexa.com)
In children and the elderly, more urinary stones are formed, while in adults, most of the stones are formed in the kidneys and urinary tract. (infrexa.com)
These stones are formed after UTI (Urinary Tract Infection). (infrexa.com)
Some rare genetic diseases can also cause kidney stones such as tubular acidosis or problems with the body's digestion of certain chemicals such as cysteine (an amino acid), oxalate (salt of an organic acid), and uric acid, and other chemicals. (infrexa.com)
If the stones are small, they can easily pass through the urinary tract, and then out of the body without causing discomfort. (wellnesskeen.com)
But, large stones can get stuck inside the urinary tract, and produce a host of symptoms, including severe pain. (wellnesskeen.com)
On the other hand, the large stones can cause blockage of the ureter, which in turn can result in muscle spasms, and dilation of the ureter and the renal pelvis. (wellnesskeen.com)
Sometimes, frequent urinary tract infection can also cause the development of kidney stones, which are known as struvite stones. (wellnesskeen.com)
Effective remedy UTI & Urinary Calculi treatment of renal tubular acidosis and kidney stones due to low citric acid levels or high uric acid. (spacklebiotech.in)
Struvite stones form in response to a urinary tract infection. (ahdubai.com)
citrate binds with urinary calcium and prevents the formation of calcium oxalate stones. (sskpharma.com)
Kidney stones are a common urinary tract disorder with increasing prevalence in the United States and in the world. (moonstonenutrition.com)
7 Increasing urinary citrate is recognized as an inhibitor of calcium-containing kidney stones, both calcium oxalate (CaOx) and calcium phosphate. (moonstonenutrition.com)
Patients with renal stones who require endoscopic laser treatment in the outpatient operating room. (who.int)
Informed consent was obtained from all participants, or the Urinary stones are the third most common parents in the case of children. (who.int)

endstage renal failure is a rare complication and is usually the result of unrecognized urinary tract obstruction and recurrent infection. (forexrin.com)

For example, in a patient with nephrolithiasis, the urinary pH level is helpful when trying to distinguish between different types of calculi. (medscape.com)
Wholesale Distributor of a wide range of products which include uti & urinary calculi stone syrup and paracetamol phenylephrine chlorpheniramine maleate syrup. (spacklebiotech.in)

D-lactic acidosis). (vin.com)
An increased AG is associated with renal failure, ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, and ingestion of certain toxins. (medscape.com)
Peripheral neuropathy and lactic acidosis are rare adverse events. (medscape.com)

However, this will increase urinary bicarbonate wasting and may well promote a bicarbonate diuresis. (wikipedia.org)
The amount of bicarbonate given may have to be very large to stay ahead of the urinary losses. (wikipedia.org)
Correction with oral bicarbonate may exacerbate urinary potassium losses and precipitate hypokalemia. (wikipedia.org)
Fanconi syndrome is due to dysfunction of the renal proximal tubule resulting in the urinary loss of substances normally reabsorbed by the kidney at this site, such as bicarbonate, glucose, amino acids, phosphate, small proteins, and uric acid. (bmj.com)
A normal AG acidosis is characterized by a lowered bicarbonate concentration, which is counterbalanced by an equivalent increase in plasma chloride concentration. (medscape.com)
Membrane trafficking defects caused by mutation in OCRL may explain renal tubular defects observed in Lowe syndrome, including the inability of proximal tubular cells (PTC) to reabsorb low-molecular weight (LMW) proteins and other solutes such as phosphorus and bicarbonate from the glomerular filtrate. (medscape.com)

Which of the following condition is diagnosed using a positive urinary anion gap? (medicoapps.org)

In addition, a renal tubular defect that reduces reabsorption may alter phosphate metabolism. (medscape.com)

Kidney stone disease (nephrolithiasis) is a common problem that can be associated with alterations in urinary solute composition including hypercalciuria. (nature.com)
Fig. 2: Monogenic disorders of nephrolithiasis resulting in renal tubular dysfunction. (nature.com)

pRTA also has several causes, and may occasionally be present as a solitary defect, but is usually associated with a more generalised dysfunction of the proximal tubular cells called Fanconi syndrome where there is also phosphaturia, glycosuria, aminoaciduria, uricosuria and tubular proteinuria. (wikipedia.org)
Because the degree and duration of obstruction are the chief determinants of renal dysfunction, early recognition and treatment are the keys to preventing renal loss. (medscape.com)
In 1992, Nussbaum and colleagues reported that mutations of OCRL1 caused the rare X-linked disorder oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe (OCRL), or Lowe syndrome, which includes the diagnostic triad of congenital cataracts, neonatal or infantile hypotonia with subsequent mental impairment, and renal tubular dysfunction. (medscape.com)

Depending on the situation, you may need nothing more than pain medication and a lot of water, but if the pain does not subside, a urinary tract infection or other complications can arise that may require surgery. (chiro-trust.org)

Urinary tract obstruction should be viewed as a potentially curable form of kidney disease. (medscape.com)
Signs of dehydration and intravascular volume depletion can be seen as a result of urinary concentrating defects associated with partial obstruction. (medscape.com)
Peripheral edema, hypertension, and signs of congestive heart failure from fluid overload may be observed in obstruction from renal failure. (medscape.com)
Rectal and/or pelvic examination is essential in determining whether enlargement of pelvic organs (eg, prostate, uterus) is a possible source of urinary obstruction. (medscape.com)
however, chronic urinary tract obstruction is insidious and requires a careful history and a high index of suspicion. (medscape.com)
Rectal or pelvic examination to help determine whether enlargement of pelvic organs is a possible source of urinary obstruction. (medscape.com)
Elevated levels are associated with acute and chronic renal insufficiency and urinary tract obstruction. (cdc.gov)

67.4% renal, 12.5% ureteric and 14.6% bladder. (who.int)

Palpable kidney or bladder provides direct evidence of a dilated urinary collection system. (medscape.com)
Your urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. (mayoclinic.org)
The past medical history includes a cystectomy for a urinary bladder carcinoma five years ago. (derangedphysiology.com)

It is known as renal colic, and many women compare it with the pain of childbirth. (wellnesskeen.com)

[2] Kashoor I, Batlle D. Proximal renal tubular acidosis with and without Fanconi syndrome. (bmj.com)
When more patients were described, the phenotype was expanded to include the renal tubular defects that comprise Fanconi syndrome , and an X-linked inheritance pattern was noted. (medscape.com)

Neurological signs are related to uremic acidosis, alterations of parathyroid hormones and electrolytes (especially calcium and potassium). (vin.com)

This can be caused by urinary tract infections (UTIs), autoimmune disorders, sickle cell disease, diabetes, kidney transplant rejection, or some medicines. (teenshealth.org)
The term hyperchloremic acidosis (ie, RTA) refers to a diverse group of tubular disorders, uncoupled from glomerular damage, characterized by impairment of urinary acidification without urea and anion retention. (medscape.com)

Loss of function mutations in the CYP24A1 gene, involved in vitamin D catabolism and in calcium homeostasis, are known to be the genetic drivers of both idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia (IIH) and adult renal stone disease. (calcoli-renali.it)

Recently, also defects in the SLC34A1 gene, encoding for the renal sodium-phosphate transporter NaPi-IIa, were associated with the disease. (calcoli-renali.it)
dissolved urinary phosphate [ 2 ]. (who.int)

The test is frequently requested in conjunction with the serum creatinine test for the differential diagnosis of prerenal, renal, and postrenal uremia. (cdc.gov)
The diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases and diseases of the kidney and urinary system in childhood are carried out. (livhospital.com)

What Are the Kidneys and Urinary Tract? (kidshealth.org)
How Do the Kidneys and Urinary Tract Work? (kidshealth.org)
What Can Help Keep the Kidneys and Urinary Tract Healthy? (kidshealth.org)
Click through this slideshow to learn more about the kidneys and urinary tract. (kidshealth.org)

As with dRTA, reversal of the chronic acidosis should reverse bone demineralization. (wikipedia.org)
It is a common cause of acute and chronic renal failure and may result from a wide variety of pathologic processes, intrinsic and extrinsic to the urinary system. (medscape.com)
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is also called chronic renal failure and chronic renal insufficiency. (ceufast.com)
According to the U.S. Renal Data System, Medicare spent $81 billion in 2018 on beneficiaries with chronic kidney disease without end-stage renal disease. (ceufast.com)
The financial costs associated with chronic kidney disease account for 20% of the total Medicare spending budget, with most of the costs being related to end-stage renal disease (Neyra, 2021). (ceufast.com)

The development of azotemia, anion retention, and acidosis is defined as uremic acidosis, which is not hyperchloremic. (medscape.com)

If the disease is severe enough to require renal therapy, it is termed end-stage renal disease (ESRD). (ceufast.com)
As the stone moves up the urinary tract, the pain of the stone may change along with it - for example, it may be in a different location or be more severe. (infrexa.com)
Patients with moderate or severe renal impairment require dose interval adjustment of emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil that cannot be achieved with the combination tablet (see sections 4.4 and 5.2). (who.int)

A questionnaire was administered to patients to collect demographic data and information on congenital anomalies, previous urinary stone, family history of urolithiasis and dietary habits. (who.int)

Renal colic usually begins sporadically but then becomes constant and can lead to nausea and vomiting. (medlineplus.gov)
This changing of symptoms is called renal colic. (uihc.org)

This study was undertaken to determine urinary stone composition and prevalence of stone formers by age and sex among Iraqi patients, and to assess the contribution made by factors such as genetic traits, residence and dietary habits on the etiology of urolithiasis. (who.int)
They were identified using standard bioc urinary stone composition and prevalence chemical tests [ 6 ]. (who.int)

Patients with type 2 RTA are also typically hypokalemic due to a combination of secondary hyperaldosteronism, and potassium urinary losses - though serum potassium levels may be falsely elevated because of acidosis. (wikipedia.org)
An experimental renal acidification defect in patients with hereditary fructose intolerance. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, urinary pH levels can be useful in gauging the response to treatment in patients with rhabdomyolysis or medication/drug overdoses. (medscape.com)
Patients with underlying renal disease for example, may experience exacerbation or decompensation of their renal disease while on NSAID therapy. (equimed.com)
Patients' stone size in a single renal unit of greater than or equal to 5 millimeters (mm) and less than or equal to 20 mm. (who.int)
Two of them died of hemorrhagic diathesis and renal and respiratory failure, and 17DD-YF vaccine was detected in serum samples from all patients and in the liver in 1 case. (cdc.gov)
Yet risks of renal failure and renal replacement therapy were similar in patients treated with nucleoside analogues versus nucleotide analogues in real-life setting. (medscape.com)

Blood can also be present, when the stone becomes lodged in the urinary tract, especially inside the ureter and cuts the lining of the ureter. (wellnesskeen.com)

11-14 The use of parenteral fluids during surgery should be considered to reduce the potential risk of renal complications when using NSAlDs perioperatively. (equimed.com)

They are exceeded only by urinary tract infections and pathologic conditions of the prostate [1]. (who.int)

What Are the Signs & Symptoms of Renal Tubular Acidosis? (teenshealth.org)
Often, kids with renal tubular acidosis don't have any symptoms. (teenshealth.org)

Anatomic abnormalities such as acute tubular necrosis extrarenal loss and lower lobe vessels occurs. (elastizell.com)

Notwithstanding this questionable role of bone mineral in systemic acid-base equilibrium, not only in CKD but even more in the absence of renal impairment, it is postulated that, in healthy individuals, foods, particularly those containing animal protein, would induce 'latent' acidosis and result, in the long run, in osteoporosis. (cambridge.org)

The result is an increase in urinary pH, which causes dissociation of relatively insoluble uric acid to the urate anion, titrating the associated proton. (moonstonenutrition.com)

Congenital anomalies of urinary system (vesicoureteral reflux, hydronephrosis, ureteropelvic stricture etc. (livhospital.com)

Inhibition of COX-1 is thought to be associated with gastrointestinal and renal toxicity while inhibition of COX-2 provides anti-inflammatory activity. (drugs.com)
As a class, cyclooxygenase inhibitory NSAIDs may be associated with gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic toxicity. (equimed.com)

In renal tubular acidosis, the kidney tubules malfunction, resulting in excess levels of acid in the blood. (msdmanuals.com)

If too much potassium builds up in the blood, it's called hyperkalemic renal tubular acidosis. (teenshealth.org)
Potassium citrate is used to treat a kidney stone condition called renal tubular acidosis. (inspirational-science.com)
Potassium citrate is a urinary alkalinizer. (inspirational-science.com)

Bone toxicity is closely related to nucleoside analogue effect on renal proximal tubular and phosphaturia. (medscape.com)

Anatomy12

Organisms3

Diseases40

Chemicals and Drugs27

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Phenomena and Processes10

Distal6

Metabolic27

Urine19

Hyperparathyroidism2

Excretion5

Stones39

Recurrent1

Calculi2

Lactic acidosis3

Bicarbonate6

Anion gap1

Reabsorption1

Nephrolithiasis2

Dysfunction3

Infection1

Obstruction7

Ureteric1

Bladder3

Known as renal colic1

Fanconi2

Parathyroid1

Disorders2

Calcium1

Phosphate2

Diagnosis2

Kidneys and Urinary Tract4

Chronic5

Uremic acidosis1

Severe3

Family history of urolithiasis1

Colic2

Stone composition and prevalence2

Patients7

Lodged in the urinary tract1

Risk of renal1

Exceeded only by urinary tract infe1

Symptoms2

Acute1

Impairment1

Uric acid1

Congenital Anomalies1

Associated with gastrointestinal2

Acid in the b1

Potassium3

Toxicity1