OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and Drugs
UreaseCanavaliaHelicobacter pyloriNickelUreaHelicobacter InfectionsProteus mirabilisEnterobacter aerogenesHelicobacterBacterial ProteinsProteusHelicobacter hepaticus
InhibitorsProduce ureaseInhibitorBacteriaAmmoniaProteusSubunitHydrolysisNitrogenColor of the slantInhibitionHelicobacterJack beanPhenol redEnzyme activityPyloriUREEOrganismMicrobialAntibodySplit ureaSoilStuart'sSpeciesIncubationVirulenceCryptococcusPresenceAgarIDENTIFICATIONEnzymesCatalyticSoyaCanavaliaCommerciallyUtilizationBiopsyNegativeDiagnosticContrastAbstractIdenticalRapid ureaSumnerInfectionStructural
Inhibitors8
  • The use of urease inhibitors to contrast these effects requires the knowledge, at the molecular level, of their mode of action. (rcsb.org)
  • The proposed changes relate to the use of artificial fertilizers containing urea-based nitrogen and the addition of urease inhibitors to these fertilizers. (chemycal.com)
  • Urease inhibitors are chemical additives that can be mixed with fertilizers to slow down or prevent the natural process of urea hydrolysis. (chemycal.com)
  • By inhibiting this process, urease inhibitors can help to reduce the amount of ammonia emissions resulting from fertilizer use. (chemycal.com)
  • Under the proposed regulations, urease inhibitors added to fertilizers containing urea-based nitrogen will be required to be CE marked, ensuring that the product is labeled with a dosage that ensures better environmental effects. (chemycal.com)
  • New formulations based on red grape pomace polyphenols and deep eutectic solvents (DES) have been here evaluated as inhibitors of urease of agricultural interest (jack bean urease, JBU). (unibo.it)
  • Positive butyl thiophosphoric triamide as inhibitors of soil urease, efficient, non-toxic, on soil without side effects, and in the soil in the natural decomposition of ammonia and ammonium phosphate. (jmnbpt.com)
  • N-Butylthiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) is currently one of the most effective soil urease inhibitors. (jmnbpt.com)
Produce urease3
  • If organism does not produce urease the agar slant and butt remain light orange (medium retains original color). (microbeonline.com)
  • On the other hand, the color of the slant remains the same (light orange) if the organism being tested didn't produce urease enzyme. (laboratoryinfo.com)
  • Escherichia coli does not produce urease and is not associated with struvite stone formation. (medscape.com)
Inhibitor12
  • Addition of urease inhibitor has no effect on ammonia volatilization following soil application of poultry litter or organomineral fertilizer, unlike urea. (embrapa.br)
  • The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding a urease inhibitor to N fertilizers to minimize ammonia losses following soil application. (embrapa.br)
  • Treatments consisted of addition of poultry litter (PL), organic mineral fertilizer (OMF) and urea to the soil, with and without the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), plus a control with no fertilizer. (embrapa.br)
  • Total ammonia volatilized from the soil treated with PL or OMF had no influence on the urease inhibitor, probably because the losses were small, attaining a maximum of 2.5 and 9 % of the total N applied, respectively. (embrapa.br)
  • Use of urease inhibitor does not always decrease ammonia volatilization, especially when mixed with fertilizers in which urea is not the only source of N. (embrapa.br)
  • All compounds were found to have an excellent degree of urease inhibitory potential ranging from 0.46 +/- 0.01 to 46.10 +/- 0.45 mu M in compared with standard inhibitor acetohydroxamic acid with IC50 320.70 +/- 4.24 mu M. Structure-activity relationship was established in detail. (erdogan.edu.tr)
  • Urease inhibitor is a kind of substance that can inhibit the activity of soil urease, and it is a new technology which has been studied in urea or nitrogen compound fertilizer. (jmnbpt.com)
  • Using soil urease inhibitor can effectively slow decomposition of urea into ammonia process, reduce soil NH4 + and NH3 concentration, soil fertility and crop fertilizer synchronization. (jmnbpt.com)
  • NBPT is the most effective inhibitor of soil urease. (jmnbpt.com)
  • The addition of urease inhibitor to nitrogen fertilizer is a new technology developed at the end of the last century. (jmnbpt.com)
  • The points where these enhancers prevent loss are shown as the lettered box (A = nitrification inhibitor, B = urease inhibitor and C = controlled release) as described above. (gov.mb.ca)
  • Nutrisphere has been evaluated in Canada and much of the US with little success as either a nitrification or urease inhibitor. (gov.mb.ca)
Bacteria5
  • It is important to note, that although composed of different types of subunits, ureases from different sources extending from bacteria to plants and fungi exhibit high homology of amino acid sequences. (wikipedia.org)
  • The structure of the silver-inhibited urease allows us to understand and rationalise all previously acquired kinetic and calorimetric data on this phenomenon, but also provides the details of how silver can exert its antimicrobial action with respect to ureolytic bacteria, a step forward against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. (rcsb.org)
  • Bacteria producing ureases were screened on nutrient urea agar whereas fungi were screened on potato dextrose urea agar medium. (ijcmas.com)
  • The present method is more accurate and suitable for screening of both bacteria and fungi producing extracellular urease. (ijcmas.com)
  • Specifically, the presence of urease-producing bacteria, including Ureaplasma urealyticum and Proteus species (most common), Staphylococcus species, Klebsiella species, Providencia species, and Pseudomonas species, leads to the hydrolysis of urea into ammonium and hydroxyl ions. (medscape.com)
Ammonia9
  • These enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia: (NH2)2CO + H2O urease→ CO2 + 2NH3 The hydrolysis of urea occurs in two stages. (wikipedia.org)
  • Urease activity increases the pH of its environment as ammonia is produced, which is basic. (wikipedia.org)
  • Urease is a nickel-binding enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to carbon dioxide and ammonia. (nih.gov)
  • Urease is a constitutively expressed enzyme that hydrolyzes urea to carbon dioxide and ammonia. (microbeonline.com)
  • Many organisms especially those that infect the urinary tract, have a urease enzyme that is able to split urea in the presence of water to release ammonia and carbon dioxide. (microbeonline.com)
  • For instance, urease activity measurements rely on the ammonia concentration produced in a sample. (byonoy.com)
  • Ureases are metalloenzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide. (cnrs.fr)
  • Samples (120 μl) are introduced into a flow stream and passed through an 'adiabetic' column which is packed with enough insolubilized urease to completely convert urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide. (umn.edu)
  • delays the breakdown of the urea molecule (CO(NH 2 ) 2 ) into the ammonia form (NH 3 )by inhibiting activity of the urease enzyme. (gov.mb.ca)
Proteus5
  • Urease is a metalloenzyme known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and virulence of catheter-associated Proteus mirabilis infection. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • Urea agar test (a) uninoculated, (b) Proteus mirabilis (rapidly urease positive), (c) Klebsiella pneumoniae (delayed urease positive), (d) Escherichia coli (urease negative). (microbeonline.com)
  • rapidly urease positive organisms ( Proteus spp. (microbeonline.com)
  • Urease test can be used as part of the identification of several genera and species of Enterobacteriaceae including Proteus and Klebsiella . (microbeonline.com)
  • Urease test helps for the identification of Proteus species (urease positive) and to differentiate it from other non-lactose fermenting members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. (microbeonline.com)
Subunit1
  • For example, jack bean urease has two structural and one catalytic subunit. (wikipedia.org)
Hydrolysis1
  • Urea agar should not only be the basis for identifying the quantitative rate of urease activity because various organisms have different capability and hydrolysis rate. (laboratoryinfo.com)
Nitrogen4
  • The nickel-dependent enzyme urease is a virulence factor for a large number of human pathogens, as well as a negative element for the efficiency of soil nitrogen fertilization for crop production. (rcsb.org)
  • It applies to products having a urease activity of less than 1 mg of nitrogen per gram of product as received. (iso.org)
  • Under normal use, agricultural fertilizers, mainly nitrogen fertilizers, are quickly decomposed by urease in the soil. (jmnbpt.com)
  • The results showed that the urease activity and microbial biomass nitrogen content of mixed planting were higher than other treatments. (bioone.org)
Color of the slant2
  • If organism produces urease enzyme, the color of the slant changes from light orange to magenta. (microbeonline.com)
  • The color of the slant changes from light orange to pink if the organism being tested is positive for urease. (laboratoryinfo.com)
Inhibition3
  • Among the various DES-polyphenols formulations, the one composed by CHO-EG showed the best antioxidant potential and urease inhibition: 60-90% inhibition of the total JBU activity was achieved with a CHO concentration of 5-20 mM. (unibo.it)
  • Jackbean urease inhibition by substituted urease. (arccjournals.com)
  • In this study, we report the synthesis, in silico molecular docking, and in vitro urease inhibition studies of a novel series of benzoxazole derivatives. (erdogan.edu.tr)
Helicobacter5
Jack bean4
  • A 1984 study focusing on urease from jack bean found that the active site contains a pair of nickel centers. (wikipedia.org)
  • The molecular weight is either 480 kDa or 545 kDa for jack-bean urease (calculated mass from the amino acid sequence). (wikipedia.org)
  • al was used to determine the enzymatic activity of Canavalia ensiform urease (also known as jack bean). (byonoy.com)
  • Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) produces three isoforms of urease (Canatoxin, JBU and JBURE-II). (cnrs.fr)
Phenol red3
  • The urease producing microorganisms are conventionally screened on urea containing phenol red plates. (ijcmas.com)
  • Some of them use principles such as the ones applied in the Stuart urease test, which is based on measuring color change due to alkalization of the medium, catalyzed by the urease enzyme, using phenol red as an indicator. (byonoy.com)
  • Urease activity is proportional to the rate of color-change of phenol red, which is determined by measuring absorbance over a period of time. (byonoy.com)
Enzyme activity1
  • After monitoring the absorbance kinetics from a dilution series of Canavalia ensiform urease with each microplate reader, standard curves were plotted expressing the rate of color change as a function of Canavalia Ensiform urease enzyme activity (Fig. 1 represents the measurements done on Absorbance 96 and Fig. 2 represents the measurements conducted by SpectraMax iD3). (byonoy.com)
Pylori1
  • The presence of H. pylori in antrum biopsies was confirmed by rapid urease test and/or histopathological examination. (who.int)
UREE1
  • Structural Basis for Ni2+ Transport and Assembly of the Urease Active Site by the Metallochaperone Uree from Bacillus Pasteurii. (expasy.org)
Organism2
  • The culture medium will remain a yellowish color if the organism is urease negative e.g. (microbeonline.com)
  • Hence, an organism that tests positive for urease makes the medium pink within 24 hours. (laboratoryinfo.com)
Microbial1
  • Microbial ureases have significant application in biotechnology and are of clinical relevance. (ijcmas.com)
Antibody1
  • Antibody was detected by successive incubations with test sera, urease-conjugated rabbit-human antibody, and urease substrate. (ajtmh.org)
Split urea1
  • Urease test is a procedure used to find out the organism's ability to split urea by producing an enzyme urease. (laboratoryinfo.com)
Soil1
  • A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of pre-emergence, post emergence and combination of atrazine with post emergence herbicides on soil enzyme urease activity(expressed as µg of NH4+ released g-1 soil h-1) at College Farm, College of Agriculture ,Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India during kharif 2014. (arccjournals.com)
Stuart's1
  • The results demonstrated that the Absorbance 96 microplate reader is well-suited for Stuart's urease test method and its measurement capability is comparable to other microplate readers in the market. (byonoy.com)
Species1
Incubation1
  • Utilization of proteins by urease producing microorganisms and prolonged incubation also increases the pH of medium resulting in false positives. (ijcmas.com)
Virulence1
  • Targeting urease as a therapeutic candidate facilitates the disarming of bacterial virulence without affecting bacterial fitness, thereby limiting the selective pressure placed on the invading population and lowering the rate at which it will acquire resistance. (lancs.ac.uk)
Cryptococcus1
  • Rapid urease test is can be used to differentiate between the yeasts, Candida albicans , and Cryptococcus neoformans . (microbeonline.com)
Presence1
  • Rapid urease test checks the gastric mucosa for the presence of urease. (laboratoryinfo.com)
Agar1
IDENTIFICATION1
  • Presumptive identification of C. neoformans may be based on rapid urease production, whereas Candida albicans do not. (microbeonline.com)
Enzymes2
  • Bacterial ureases are composed of three distinct subunits, one large catalytic (α 60-76kDa) and two small (β 8-21 kDa, γ 6-14 kDa) commonly forming (αβγ)3 trimers stoichiometry with a 2-fold symmetric structure (note that the image above gives the structure of the asymmetric unit, one-third of the true biological assembly), they are cysteine-rich enzymes, resulting in the enzyme molar masses between 190 and 300kDa. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other examples of homohexameric structures of plant ureases are those of soybean, pigeon pea and cotton seeds enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
Catalytic1
  • The binding of the Ag(i) ions at the edge of the active site channel supposedly blocks the movement of the flap, inhibiting the catalytic activity of urease. (rcsb.org)
Soya1
  • This document specifies a method of determining the urease activity of products derived from soya beans. (iso.org)
Canavalia2
  • Successful testing of a colorimetric-based assay for monitoring the enzymatic activity of Canavalia ensiform urease. (byonoy.com)
  • In the equation of the curve, the 'y' refers to the rate of color change, and the 'x' corresponds to the urease activity of the Canavalia ensiform samples, and the equation is used to calculate the value of the urease activity. (byonoy.com)
Commercially1
  • No significant differences were detected in the measurement of urease activity between Absorbance 96 and another commercially available microplate reader. (byonoy.com)
Utilization1
  • Based on the highly consistent outcomes observed between the results obtained from the two distinct standard curves generated using different microplate readers, it can be inferred that the utilization of Absorbance 96 is equally suited to quantifying urease activity when compared to the SpectraMax iD3 microplate reader. (byonoy.com)
Biopsy2
  • This is done by placing a portion of crushed tissue biopsy material directly into urease broth. (microbeonline.com)
  • Before performing a rapid urease test, a procedure like gastric endoscopy and biopsy of stomach lining cells should be performed first. (laboratoryinfo.com)
Negative2
  • the pink test tube is urease positive while the orange test tube is negative. (laboratoryinfo.com)
  • The former is urease negative while the latter is urease positive. (laboratoryinfo.com)
Diagnostic1
  • In routine diagnostic laboratories the urease test result is read within 24 hours. (microbeonline.com)
Contrast1
Abstract1
  • abstract = "The authors used a differential thermal detector in conjunction with an immobilized urease reactor to determine urea in serum. (umn.edu)
Identical1
  • Fungal and plant ureases are made up of identical subunits (~90 kDa each), most commonly assembled as trimers and hexamers. (wikipedia.org)
Rapid urea1
Sumner1
  • In 1926, James B. Sumner, showed that urease is a protein by examining its crystallized form. (wikipedia.org)
Infection1
  • Struvite stones are also known as triple-phosphate (3 cations associated with 1 anion), infection (or infection-induced), phosphatic, and urease stones. (medscape.com)
Structural1
  • 2-MA is a structural analogue of urea, showing promising competitive activity against urease. (lancs.ac.uk)