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InhibitorsSSRIsSelective serotoninSSRISNRIsReuptake of norepinephrineInhibitsAntidepressantsTransportersMonoamineSERTInhibitInhibitorNeurotransmittersTransporterCitalopramDepressionMechanism of actSynapsesVenlafaxineStimulation of releaseMDMADopamine receptorsNeurotransmitterDoseAffinityWeakMoodBrainActivityIncreaseLevelsReduceNutritionalBlocksDrugs

Inhibitors13

• They are an extension of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) whereby the addition of dopaminergic action is thought to have the possibility of heightening therapeutic benefit. (wikipedia.org)
• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly considered suitable first-line therapy for premenstrual disorders. (medscape.com)
• The warning also says that children and adolescents taking the types of antidepressant known as "serotonin reuptake inhibitors" (SSRIs) should be carefully watched for increased depression, suicidal thoughts or behaviors, or "unusual changes in behavior, such as sleeplessness, agitation, or withdrawal from normal social situations. (center4research.org)
• Evidence from case reports and epidemiologic studies suggests that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) alone may increase bleeding risk in susceptible patients. (pharmacytimes.com)
• Other antidepressants that inhibit serotonin uptake would also be expected to interact, such as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and certain tricyclic antidepressants (eg, clomipramine, imipramine). (pharmacytimes.com)
• Adrenergic uptake inhibitors are drugs that block the transport of adrenergic transmitters into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. (mcw.edu)
• TCAs are potent inhibitors of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. (genelabs.com)
• INTRODUCTION - Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) act primarily upon serotonergic and noradrenergic neurons, but have little or no effect upon cholinergic or histaminergic receptors [ 1 ]. (medilib.ir)
• See "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: Pharmacology, administration, and side effects" . (medilib.ir)
• EFFICACY FOR MAJOR DEPRESSION - The efficacy of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors for treating unipolar major depression is discussed separately in the context of choosing a regimen for the initial treatment of major depression and for treatment of resistant depression. (medilib.ir)
• Although the mechanism of action for serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) is similar, the structures of duloxetine, milnacipran, and venlafaxine are dissimilar [ 3,5,7 ]. (medilib.ir)
• Desvenlafaxine , duloxetine , and venlafaxine are more potent inhibitors of serotonin reuptake than norepinephrine reuptake, whereas levomilnacipran and milnacipran preferentially block reuptake of norepinephrine [ 2,3,8,9 ]. (medilib.ir)
• Comparative safety of adding serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) versus nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to short-acting opioids for non-malignant pain in nursing homes. (medscape.com)

SSRIs6

• SSRIs inhibit central nervous system (CNS) neuronal uptake of serotonin (5HT). (medscape.com)
• Although the mechanism has not been established, it has been proposed that the ability of SSRIs to inhibit the uptake of serotonin into platelets inhibits the ability of platelets to aggregate. (pharmacytimes.com)
• Theoretically, SSRIs and other drugs that inhibit serotonin uptake would increase the risk of bleeding when combined with other anticoagulants, but little information is available. (pharmacytimes.com)
• Most of these are SSRIs (selective serotonin re-uptake inhibiters) given for depression and include Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, Celexa and Lexapro. (edocr.com)
• SSRIs bekerja dengan cara menekan penyerapan kembali serotonin di dalam otak. (jawabanapapun.com)
• Sertraline merupakan obat antidepresan golongan selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs). (jawabanapapun.com)

Selective serotonin1

• Prozac is an SSRI, or a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor. (escapistmagazine.com)

SSRI2

• Paroxetine dikenal sebagai reuptake inhibitor serotonin selektif (SSRI). (jawabanapapun.com)
• As an example, venlafaxine is essentially a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) at 75 mg per day [ 1,10 ]. (medilib.ir)

SNRIs2

• Pharmacodynamics - The SNRIs appear to treat depression by initially blocking presynaptic serotonin and norepinephrine transporter proteins [ 3,6,7 ]. (medilib.ir)
• However, the SNRIs vary in their affinity for the serotonin transporter and norepinephrine transporter. (medilib.ir)

Reuptake of norepinephrine3

• Sertraline selectively inhibits presynaptic serotonin reuptake with minimal or no effect on the reuptake of norepinephrine or dopamine. (medscape.com)
• Amoxapine acts by decreasing the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin (5-HT). (genelabs.com)
• By contrast, low doses of levomilnacipran block reuptake of norepinephrine approximately two times more potently than serotonin [ 9 ]. (medilib.ir)

Inhibits4

• Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. (immunoportal.com)
• It is supposed that the medication blocks serotonin and dopamine receptors and inhibits the re-uptake of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain and this way shows its anti-psychotic activity. (umc-cares.org)
• Duloxetine is a new antidepressant which selectively inhibits serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake. (pharmacologycorner.com)
• It also weakly inhibits dopamine uptake. (pharmacologycorner.com)

Antidepressants3

• Some antidepressants act by regulating serotonin, the reason for their efficacy. (ladypens.com)
• Others, such as some antidepressants, prevent uptake of serotonin in synapses leading to its accumulation. (ladypens.com)
• Other antidepressants also increase levels of norepinephrine, which can boost resting metabolism, activity levels, and fat breakdown. (ladypens.com)

Transporters6

• On the other side of the synapse are transporters, which re-uptake the dopamine so that it doesn't continue to just sit around the synapse, stimulating neurons endlessly. (escapistmagazine.com)
• Emerging evidences suggest that the polyspecific organic cation transporters play important roles in systemic disposition and tissue-specific uptake of mIBG. (aspetjournals.org)
• Norepinephrine transporter, organic cation transporters, and multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins play differential roles in tumor targeting, systemic elimination, and accumulation in normal tissues. (aspetjournals.org)
• All three substances were also studied for their uptake and releasing properties at dopamine transporters (DAT), norepinephrine transporters (NET) and serotonin transporters (SERT) using in vitro monoamine transporter assays in rat brain synaptosomes and compared to mephedrone. (erowid.org)
• The isomer N-methoxymephedrone was found to be a weak uptake blocker at DAT, NET and SERT and a fully efficacious substrate-type releasing agent across all three transporters with EC50 values in the low micromolar range. (erowid.org)
• Effects of synthetic cathinones on inhibition of uptake (upper panels) and stimulation of release (lower panels) at dopamine (DAT), norepinephrine (NET), and serotonin (SERT) transporters in rat brain synaptosomes. (aspetjournals.org)

Monoamine2

• A serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI), also known as a triple reuptake inhibitor (TRI), is a type of drug that acts as a combined reuptake inhibitor of the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. (wikipedia.org)
• MDMA, a potent monoamine-releaser with particularly pronounced serotonin- releasing properties, has unique subjective effects that include: marked positive mood, pleasant/unusual bodily sensations and pro-social, empathic feelings. (researchgate.net)

SERT1

• It does this by concomitantly inhibiting the serotonin transporter (SERT), norepinephrine transporter (NET), and dopamine transporter (DAT), respectively. (wikipedia.org)

Inhibit1

• There appear to be no published studies comparing duloxetine to other drugs that inhibit the reuptake of noradrenaline and serotonin, such as venlafaxine and reboxetine. (pharmacologycorner.com)

Inhibitor3

• The antidepressant mirtazapine is not considered an inhibitor of serotonin uptake (although it may cause release of serotonin), but in 1 study mirtazapine was associated with an increased risk of bleeding in patients taking warfarin. (pharmacytimes.com)
• H(2)(15)O]-Positron Emission Tomography (PET) was used to examine regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) after administration of a single oral dose of the serotonin realeaser and uptake inhibitor MDMA (1.7 mg/kg) or placebo to 16 MDMA-naïve subjects. (researchgate.net)
• Duloxetine (Cymbalta, Yentreve): a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor for major depression. (pharmacologycorner.com)

Neurotransmitters5

• Both drugs work by altering the balance of different neurotransmitters in your brain, such as norepinephrine and dopamine. (escapistmagazine.com)
• The neurotransmitters thought to be related to depression are dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. (northwestpharmacy.com)
• By taking Wellbutrin XL as directed, the reabsorption or uptake of these chemicals is inhibited so there are a higher number of these neurotransmitters to send messages to other nerves. (northwestpharmacy.com)
• What is known in depression is that the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine become depleted. (edocr.com)
• It is our most potent calming brain chemical and is critical for counter-balancing excitatory neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, adrenalin, and glutamate. (integrativepsychiatry.net)

Transporter4

• mIBG enters cancer cells through the norepinephrine transporter (NET) where the radioactive decay of 131 I causes DNA damage, cell death, and tumor necrosis. (aspetjournals.org)
• In particular, human organic cation transporter 2 (hOCT2) and multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins 1 and 2-K (hMATE1/2-K) likely mediate renal secretion of mIBG, whereas hOCT1 and hOCT3 may contribute to mIBG uptake into normal tissues such as the liver, salivary glands, and heart. (aspetjournals.org)
• Transporter-mediated uptake has been exploited successfully in nuclear medicine to deliver several radiopharmaceuticals for cancer imaging and treatment ( Zhang and Wang, 2020 ). (aspetjournals.org)
• At higher doses, such as 225 mg/day and 375 mg/day, venlafaxine has significant effects on the norepinephrine transporter [ 11 ]. (medilib.ir)

Citalopram2

• Citalopram enhances serotonin activity through selective reuptake inhibition at the neuronal membrane. (medscape.com)
• Pretreatment with the selective 5-HT uptake blocker, citalopram, prior to each injection of MDMA prevented the neurotoxic effects of MDMA on the 5-HT parameters described above suggesting that active uptake of MDMA or a MDMA-related substance into brain 5-HT neurons was involved in the neurotoxic actions of the drug. (erowid.org)

Depression1

• Serotonin is a neuro-transmitter that allows communication between central nervous system neurons and, if deficient, can lead to depression. (edocr.com)

Mechanism of act1

• Inhibition of norepinephrine release in the brain may be its mechanism of action. (medscape.com)

Synapses1

• The clinical effect is due to potentiation of adrenergic synapses by blocking uptake of norepinephrine at nerve endings. (pediatriconcall.com)

Venlafaxine1

• Effexor (venlafaxine): An SNRI, Effexor impacts serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine to reduce appetite and increase metabolism and energy. (ladypens.com)

Stimulation of release1

• Both amphetamine and cocaine increase norepinephrine (NE) via stimulation of release and inhibition of reuptake, respectively. (nih.gov)

MDMA10

• They are also similar to serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents (SNDRAs) like MDMA ("ecstasy") and α-ethyltryptamine (αET) for the same reason, although they act via a different mechanism and have differing physiological and qualitative effects. (wikipedia.org)
• This study investigates a number of parameters that influence the neurotoxic effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on serotonin (5-HT) neurons in brain. (erowid.org)
• Both the dose and number of injections of MDMA affect the degree of neurotoxicity on 5-HT axons and terminals as assessed by decreases in the content of 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and the density of 5-HT uptake sites. (erowid.org)
• Repeated systemic administration of various doses of MDMA (5-20 mg/kg twice daily for 4 consecutive days) results in dose-dependent decreases in 5-HT, 5-HIAA and 5-HT uptake sites. (erowid.org)
• Increasing the number of injections of MDMA resulted in progressively greater reductions in 5-HT and 5-HIAA which occurred prior to decreases in 5-HT uptake sites. (erowid.org)
• In contrast, no significant changes were observed in the density of norepinephrine uptake sites following single or repeated injections of 20 mg/kg MDMA. (erowid.org)
• a marked 25% reduction was seen at 6 months and the concentration of 5-HT uptake sites returned to control levels at 12 months following treatment with MDMA. (erowid.org)
• In addition, the neurodegenerative effects of MDMA on 5-HT neurons exhibited some species specificity as comparable decreases in cerebral cortical 5-HT, 5-HIAA and 5-HT uptake sites were observed in rat and guinea pig while no significant changes in any of these serotonergic parameters were seen in mouse brain. (erowid.org)
• The rank order of affinities of MDMA at various brain receptors and uptake sites are as follows: 5-HT uptake greater than alpha 2-adrenoceptors = 5-HT2 serotonin = M-1 muscarinic = H-1 histamine greater than norepinephrine uptake = M-2 muscarinic = alpha 1-adrenoceptors = beta-adrenoceptors greater than or equal to dopamine uptake = 5-HT1 serotonin much greater than D-2 dopamine greater than D-1 dopamine. (erowid.org)
• MDMA exhibited negligible affinities (greater than 500 microM) at opioid (mu, delta and kappa), central-type benzodiazepine, and corticotropin-releasing factor receptors, and at choline uptake sites and calcium channels. (erowid.org)

Dopamine receptors1

• In animals, amoxapine reduced the uptake of nor-epinephirine and serotonin and blocked the response of dopamine receptors to dopamine. (genelabs.com)

Neurotransmitter1

• In animals, lead has been shown to alter a number of neurotransmitter systems including dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and gamma- aminobutyric acid systems (ATSDR 1999). (cdc.gov)

Dose1

• however, the degree to which reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine is inhibited depends upon the dose administered. (medilib.ir)

Affinity1

• It possesses high affinity to dopamine D2-receptors and more significant affinity to serotonin 5-HT2A-receptors. (umc-cares.org)

Weak2

• They may also have a weak effect on norepinephrine and dopamine neuronal reuptake. (medscape.com)
• Mexedrone was a weak non-ive uptake blocker with IC50 values in the low μM range. (erowid.org)

Mood1

• Serotonin is involved in mood regulation as well as in appetite control. (ladypens.com)

Brain1

• It is thought that the diminishing daylight hours affect the amount of serotonin that our brain manufactures. (northwestpharmacy.com)

Activity2

• Wellbutrin (bupropion): Unique as both an antidepressant and smoking cessation aid, Wellbutrin ramps up norepinephrine activity and helps curb food cravings. (ladypens.com)
• Remember, apart from the effects of cannabinoids, terpene has their own including reduction of serotonin uptake and increasing the activity of norepinephrine that acts as an anti-depressant. (ultramedsglobal.com)

Increase1

• Hence, a major goal in cancer drug development and therapy is to increase tumor-specific drug uptake while reducing uptake into normal tissues to minimize toxicities. (aspetjournals.org)

Levels1

• Another approach is to try to raise serotonin and norepinephrine levels directly with Chinese herbs. (edocr.com)

Reduce2

• This actually is self-limiting, because the use of the uptake inhibiters actually will reduce overall supplies of serotonin and norepinephrine over time. (edocr.com)
• L-Theanine has been studied extensively for its ability to reduce the uptake of the excitatory amino acid glutamate and regulate how much serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine are excreted. (integrativepsychiatry.net)

Nutritional1

• A more effective approach is that of functional medicine, which offers nutritional therapy to try to build serotonin with tryptophan (5-HTP) and norepinephrine with the amino acid tyrosine, plus cofactors. (edocr.com)

Blocks1

• Also blocks uptake of serotonin. (pediatriconcall.com)

Drugs1

• Many of these drugs also block transport of serotonin. (mcw.edu)